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Overview of Current Challenges in Self-Pierce Riveting of Lightweight Materials †
Proceedings Overview of Current Challenges in Self-Pierce Riveting of Lightweight Materials † Mathias Jäckel *, Thomas Grimm, Ronald Niegsch and Welf-Guntram Drossel Department Mechanical Joining of the Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU, Nöthnitzer Str. 44, 01187 Dresden, Germany; [email protected] (T.G.); [email protected] (R.N.); [email protected] (W.-G.D.) * Correspondence: [email protected] † Presented at the 18th International Conference on Experimental Mechanics, Brussels, Belgium, 1–5 July 2018. Published: 9 May 2018 Abstract: This paper shows an overview of different analyses regarding current challenges at self-pierce riveting with solid rivets as well as semi-tubular rivets of lightweight materials like aluminum die casting, carbon fiber reinforced plastic and 7xxx series aluminum alloy. The joining process analyses will demonstrate the cause and the development as well as the influence on joint quality of individual joining process-induced defects. In addition, methods are described how these imperfections can be avoided or reduced. Keywords: mechanical joining; lightweight materials; self-pierce riveting 1. Introduction The importance of environment friendly mobility strengthens the need of lightweight design in the automotive industry. Due to this need, lightweight materials such as aluminum and carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) are used more and more in automotive car body constructions. According to the limited weldability, joining these materials by mechanical joining techniques such as self-pierce riveting with solid (SPR-S) or semi-tubular rivets (SRP-ST) has been established. The challenge in this regard is that these materials have limited forming capacities (e.g., aluminum die casting, CFRP) or vulnerability regarding stress corrosion cracking (e.g., 7xxx series aluminum alloy), while the joining processes locally induce large plastic deformations and tensile stresses. -
Rafael A. Barrantes QAS 515 Human Factors Pneumatic Rivet Gun Exchange Program on the C-17 Program November 29, 2005
Rafael A. Barrantes QAS 515 Human Factors Pneumatic Rivet Gun Exchange Program on the C-17 Program November 29, 2005 History Charles Brady King of Detroit invented the pneumatic hammer in 1890. In the late 1800’s and early 1900’s the rivet guns where were used in the rail road industry. The guns were used on small rivets on locomotives as well as swaging and sealing boiler tubes. The guns were also used for breaking old welds in thin steel. The first successful all metal airplane was built in 1915 in Germany by Junkers. The first American metal airplane to be produced in large numbers was the Ford Tri-Motor. The planes were built from 1926 thru 1933. With the advent of the metal plane, rivets were used as the primary fastener to bond skins to primary structure. Process Description Riveting is a two person task. One person is typically inside the aircraft and the other outside. The workers switch between riveting and holding a bucking bar behind the rivet. Workers communicate verbally with or without radio head sets. Workers drive approximately 400-600 rivets per day. The holes to be riveted are drilled out then reamed out to final hole size with a hand drill. The rivets are then placed in the open hole. The bucking bar is positioned behind the rivet by one worker and the rivet gun is held at the head of the rivet by the other worker. The rivet gun operator then squeezes the trigger in several short bursts to drive the rivet into place. -
The Last Black Man in San Francisco
THE LAST BLACK MAN IN SAN FRANCISCO 4 .11. 18 Screenplay by Story by Joe Talbot & Rob Richert Joe Talbot & Jimmie Fails 1 EXT. HP SHIPYARDS / HP BUS STOP - SUNRISE An eight-year-old African-American girl with knockers in her hair stands on a desolate sidewalk behind yellow caution tape. She licks a candy and gazes upwards – spellbound. A man in a hazmat suit glides along the pavement, Darth Vader breaths heaving from his space-mask. He loads pieces of trash and plants into hazardous waste bags. In the distance, more men in hazmats crawl along a decaying dock, collecting various items. The little girl breaks her gaze and begins down the street, running her hand along the caution tape. A voice appears. PREACHER (O.S.) Why they got suits on and we don't? Something is going on right in front of our face. But you stuck on your i-phone, j-phone 12, whatever. Blow up in your hand! You cant Google whats goin’ on right now. They lucky I’m a man of god now. Or I’d suicide bomb this mother-. Tracking with her, we land on a black man in his Sunday best. He stands on a box, shouting at nobody in particular. PREACHER Are ya’ll paying attention? Why do they have suits on and we don’t?... Why?!?! Listen to me man! An old lady drives by and honks supportively at the Preacher. He waves without breaking focus. PREACHER They here to clean this water? Man, this water been funky as the devils mouth for fifty years and now they wanna clean it up?!?!… Not for you and me, no sir! They got plans for us. -
Construction Manual, Which, Together with a Complete Set of Drawings Will Help You to Accomplish This Wonderful Feat: to Build and Fly Your Own Two-Seat Aircraft
FOREWORD Dear Builder: Congratulations on your decision to build a Zenith aircraft. Here is the construction manual, which, together with a complete set of drawings will help you to accomplish this wonderful feat: to build and fly your own two-seat aircraft. The first part of the manual deals with some of the tools required for this project and the procedure with which to use them efficiently. Materials and hardware are also presented as well as tips on workmanship, corrosion protection and tolerances. The second part is a progressive step-by-step construction guide; beginning with the rudder assembly, it describes every aspect of airframe construction. The last part of this manual is a “weight and balance form”. The drawings and manual have been laid out to allow the average builder to understand them without having to write or call the designer or factory. They are not "perfect" or in color but supply all the information required completing your aircraft to the design specifications. It is important to remember that builders have used the proposed building sequence successfully for over two decades. It would therefore be wise to use this experience and stick to the sequence. The secret of good progress is not to work like crazy in sudden short-lived spurts; it lies in steady and continuous effort. Homebuilding your aircraft is a tremendously rewarding hobby. You are the one with enough courage to do what others only dream of. Homebuilding is a useful, educational and recreational activity. While learning, you will enjoy building, and then flying... and you are contributing to the progress of aviation. -
Listening to Metal Lost Art, Page 90
GREASE | GEAR | DATA | KNOW-HOW LISTENING TO METAL LOST ART, PAGE 90 ROADANDTRACK.COM AUGUST 2015 89 LOST ART BY SAM SMITH THE ENGLISH WHEEL HOW TWO HANDS AND AN OLD-WORLD TOOL MADE SOME OF THE SEXIEST CAR BODIES IN HISTORY. mericans call it an English wheel, but the English call it a wheeling machine. It’s technically a rolling hammer—two steel drums A that can form sheetmetal into complex curves. In the wrong hands, an English wheel can turn a flat piece of alloy into sine-waved trash. In the right ones, it can make the fender of a Ferrari 250 Testa Rossa in a few hours. Or just about anything else you can build from curved metal. Legend holds that the first wheeling machines appeared in medieval France. They supplanted part of traditional blacksmithing, where men used mallets and shot bags to pound out flat armor or coachwork. The American name came in the 20th century, when the tool pollinated here from English panelbeaters. It had a brief affair with mass production, but the machine’s flexibility and skill demand made it perfect for low-volume work. Wheels helped birth early grand-prix cars, Bonneville record setters, most of Europe’s classic sports racers, and many of history’s great aircraft. Versions still shape NASCAR bodies and new Morgans, and they’re the backbone of countless custom and restoration shops. The English wheel has a reputation as a black art, the stuff of British cottages. To better understand it, we visited Fournier Enterprises, in Michigan’s Shelby Township. -
Improved Coining Force Calculations Through Incorporation of Key Process Parameters Dominique Cotton, André Maillard, Joël Kaufmann
Improved coining force calculations through incorporation of key process parameters Dominique Cotton, André Maillard, Joël Kaufmann To cite this version: Dominique Cotton, André Maillard, Joël Kaufmann. Improved coining force calculations through incorporation of key process parameters. IDDRG, Oct 2020, BUSAN, South Korea. pp.012003, 10.1088/1757-899X/967/1/012003/meta. hal-03117270 HAL Id: hal-03117270 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03117270 Submitted on 21 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER • OPEN ACCESS Improved coining force calculations through incorporation of key process parameters To cite this article: D Cotton et al 2020 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 967 012003 View the article online for updates and enhancements. This content was downloaded from IP address 195.221.202.65 on 15/01/2021 at 13:35 International Deep-Drawing Research Group (IDDRG 2020) IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 967 (2020) 012003 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/967/1/012003 Improved coining force calculations through incorporation of key process parameters D Cotton1,3, A Maillard2, and J Kaufmann2 1 Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, LABOMAP, HESAM University, 71250 Cluny, France 2 CETIM – Technical Centre for Mechanical Industries – France 3 Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed E-mail address: [email protected] Abstract. -
Forestry Materials Forest Types and Treatments
-- - Forestry Materials Forest Types and Treatments mericans are looking to their forests today for more benefits than r ·~~.'~;:_~B~:;. A ever before-recreation, watershed protection, wildlife, timber, "'--;':r: .";'C: wilderness. Foresters are often able to enhance production of these bene- fits. This book features forestry techniques that are helping to achieve .,;~~.~...t& the American dream for the forest. , ~- ,.- The story is for landolVners, which means it is for everyone. Millions . .~: of Americans own individual tracts of woodland, many have shares in companies that manage forests, and all OWII the public lands managed by government agencies. The forestry profession exists to help all these landowners obtain the benefits they want from forests; but forests have limits. Like all living things, trees are restricted in what they can do and where they can exist. A tree that needs well-drained soil cannot thrive in a marsh. If seeds re- quire bare soil for germination, no amount of urging will get a seedling established on a pile of leaves. The fOllOwing pages describe th.: ways in which stands of trees can be grown under commonly Occllrring forest conditions ill the United States. Originating, growing, and tending stands of trees is called silvicllllllr~ \ I, 'R"7'" -, l'l;l.f\ .. (silva is the Latin word for forest). Without exaggeration, silviculture is the heartbeat of forestry. It is essential when humans wish to manage the forests-to accelerate the production or wildlife, timber, forage, or to in- / crease recreation and watershed values. Of course, some benerits- t • wilderness, a prime example-require that trees be left alone to pursue their' OWII destiny. -
Coining's Micro Stamping Capabilities
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND PACKAGING Coining Inc. Micro-Stampings Overview www.ametek.com © 2015 by AMETEK, Inc. All rights reserved. ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND PACKAGING Micro-Stampings and Solder Preforms More Than 100 Presses 3 ton to 85 ton High speed (>2000 strokes/min) High precision, 4 post presses Hot presses for stamping Mo, W, etc. www.ametek.com © 2015 by AMETEK, Inc. All rights reserved. ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND PACKAGING Coining Differentiators Material Processing Capability In-house advanced casting, rolling and cladding Plating to customer specifications Custom alloys available Tool & Die Capability More than 15,000 dies on-hand Customized designs available Tooling designed to match material characteristics Progressive stamping up to 16 stations Deep draw designs available In-house EDM based tool manufacturing Parts Delivered Clean Room Ready Industry Leading Applications Support Team www.ametek.com © 2015 by AMETEK, Inc. All rights reserved. ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND PACKAGING Applications Support Experienced Engineering Team Our material scientists and manufacturing engineers have more than 100 years experience Analytical Capabilities ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) for elemental analysis of melts ICP DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) to evaluate proper melting point and characteristics XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) to verify thickness of plated coatings Wetting Tests to ensure optimal wetting and spread of solder alloys SEM with EDS capability for detailed metallurgical analysis and FA SEM LECO O2, N2, C and S analyzers www.ametek.com © 2015 by AMETEK, Inc. All rights reserved. ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND PACKAGING Stampings Capabilities Capabilities Include Stamping Coining Drawing Punching A Wide Varity Of High Precision Parts Available From simple to complex shapes Thicknesses less than 1 mil All Tooling Designed, Manufactured & Maintained In-House Enables rapid prototyping Ensures prime condition of tooling www.ametek.com © 2015 by AMETEK, Inc. -
Metabo Introduces the 18V Brushless Rivet
Contact: Andrea Brogan Metabo Corp. Phone: (610) 436-5900 1231 Wilson Dr. Fax: (610) 436-9072 West Chester, PA 19380 [email protected] www.metabousa.com PRESS RELEASE Metabo introduces the 18V Brushless Blind Rivet Gun Compact, powerful and ergonomic solution for riveting July 2018 – West Chester, PA - Metabo Corporation, a leading international manufacturer of industrial grade cordless and corded power tools and accessories, introduces the 18V Brushless Blind Rivet Gun. The 18V Brushless Blind Rivet Gun (NP 18 LTX BL 5.0) is perfect for securing steel/stainless steel or aluminum in place. It can rivet up to 3/16” in steel and ¼” in aluminum. And with a compact 4.0 Ah LiHD (Lithium High Density) battery, it can secure 2,000 3/16” rivets on a single charge and has a pulling force of 2,250 lbs. “Metabo has thought of everything when creating this cordless tool. It is not only as fast as an air tool but is a problem solver on many levels. Metabo revolutionizes the sheet metal assembly process by making it cordless,” says Antoine Derché, Metabo’s Director of Product and Marketing. This one-handed rivet gun is extremely fast, lightweight and balanced for maximized ergonomics. It includes safety features, such as; hand protection guard, balancing loop, integrated nose piece storage and a LED light for illumining work. It also has a transparent container attached to the back for convenient storage of pins that doubles as a tool for quick changing nose pieces. The 18V Brushless Blind Cordless Rivet Gun, when combined with the Metabo 18V High-speed Drill (BE 18 LTX 6) creates a powerful duo for all your riveting needs! The 18V High-speed Drill has a no-load speed of 4,000 rpm, 35 inch lbs. -
ASTM-B-211 Aluminum
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. Designation: B211/B211M − 19 Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Rolled or Cold Finished Bar, Rod, and Wire1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation B211/B211M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense. 1. Scope* 2.2 ASTM Standards:3 B221 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Ex- 1.1 This specification2 covers rolled or cold-finished bar, truded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and Tubes rod, and wire in alloys (Note 1) and tempers as shown in Table B221M Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy 2 [Table 3]. Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and Tubes (Metric) NOTE 1—Throughout this specification use of the term alloy in the B316/B316M Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum- general sense includes aluminum as well as aluminum alloy. Alloy Rivet and Cold-Heading Wire and Rods NOTE 2—The term cold finished is used to indicate the type of surface B557 Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast finish, sharpness of angles, and dimensional tolerances produced by Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products drawing through a die. -
Forming Methods
theartofpressbrake.com http://www.theartofpressbrake.com/wordpress/?page_id=1023 Forming Methods Bend Allowance, Outside Setback, Bend Deduction If you calculate these with precision, you have a better chance of bending a good part on the first try. But, to make this happen, you need to make sure every factor in the equation is what it should be, and this includes the inside bend radius . How exactly is this inside bend radius achieved? To uncover this, we must first look at the different methods of bending on a press brake: air forming, bottom bending, and coining. The Methods of bending There are three different types of bending methods used in the forming of sheet metal: “ air forming“, “Bottom Bending and “Coining. Each of these methods has a specific purpose and application. In this chapter the benefits and the inefficiencies of each will be discussed. Coining Note that there are three bending methods, not two. Bottom bending and coining often are confused for the same process, but they are not. Unlike bottoming, coining actually penetrates and thins the material. Coining is the oldest method and for the most part, no longer practiced. Why? Because of the extreme tonnages this method requires. An amount of tonnage so great that the material “flows” on a molecular level while under this extreme pressure. Coining forces the punch nose into the material, penetrating the neutral axis, figure 1. Technically, any radius may be coined, but traditionally, coining has been used to establish a dead-sharp bend. This method not only requires excessive tonnages, it also destroys the material’s integrity. -
Hand Tools 8 21 12 Paginated.Fm
280 Pearlgreen Corporation Tools, Hand The Industrial Supply Group Gooseneck Crow Bar STANLEY TOOLS Phillips Bit Wonder Bar 2” Length • S-2 tool steel • Rockwell Hardness 60-64 • Length: 2 in. Contoured bar. Ideal for pulling nails, prying, lifting, scraping. Bevelled nail slot both ends. 4 per box., Width: 1 3/8 in., Length: 12 1/2 in. Mfg. No. Size PG No. 45008 #1 BIT-PX1 Mfg. No. PG No. 45010 #2 BIT-PX2 55-515 ST55-515 45012 #3 BIT-PX3 Fully painted black gooseneck wrecking bar. Used to open crates and boxes. STANLEY TOOLS Slotted Bit Nail Puller Handle Diameter Length Mfg. No. (in.) (in.) PG No. MM2332 ¹⁄₂ 12 BAR-12 • S-2 tool steel MM2342 ⁵⁄₈ 18 BAR-18 • Rockwell Hardness 60-64 ³⁄₄ MM2352 24 BAR-24 • Length: 1 in. MM2362 ³⁄₄ 30 BAR-30 • Double end puller features 90 deg. and 30 deg. offset claws MM2372 ³⁄₄ 36 BAR-36 • Fully sharpened claw tips Mfg. No. Size PG No. Stripping Bar • Size: 5/8 in. 45020 #6 - 8 BIT-S06 • Overall Length: 11 in. 45022 #8 - 10 BIT-S08 45024 #10 - 12 BIT-S10 Mfg. No. PG No. Spanner Bit 55-035 ST55-035 48 in. Stripping Bar with Claw Philips Bit Mfg. No. PG No. 1168800 BAR-48 Security Bit, Fits all power and hand held bit drives, various sizes Straight Crow Bar • S-2 tool steel • Rockwell Hardness 60-64 Mfg. No. Size (in.) PG No. • Length: 1 in. 1916 #6 SPANNER-B06 1918 #8 SPANNER-B08 1920 #10 SPANNER-B10 Mfg. No. Size PG No.