1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 6785 Mr. MORRISON: Committee on Claims. Refugees, and to pay its share of the ex it. R. 1674. -A bill for the relief of Mrs. Ollie penses of the Committee; to the Committee SENATE Patton; without amendment (Rept. No. 808). on Foreign Affairs. Referred to the Committee of the Whole By Mr. VINSON: WEDNESDAY, JUNE 27, 1945 House. H. Res. 304. Resolution authorizing addi Mr. MORRISON: Committee on Claims. tional clerical assistance and readjustment But are we doing our utmost to apply impotence. It was not until 1933 under saved if this war is shortened. It can be moral force to achieve the beneficent ends Hitler that she really began to rearm. shortened not by relaxing our physical force we seek-namely, peace? We had treaties which provided that Ger one moment, but by intensifying at the same In the midst of war, human nature re many should not rearm. But the Allied !;ja time our moral force. We must reach the mains basic. Psychological influences are tions were too indifferent to these symptoms hearts of the German and Italian peoples. present in time of war as in time of peace. of war. They were preoccupied with them We must find in the residue of Christians in We admit this when we speak constantly of selves. As for us, we assumed that Britain Germany and Italy-and there are many of our own morale or of the morale of the enemy and France were closer to Germany than we them-the nucleus for reaching the others. people. were. We took it for granted they would be We must speak to them constantly over the Many persons believe that the only way to alert to their own defense. But evidently air, through the press, and above all, through win a war is to apply the utmost of physical everybody's business was nobody's business the pronouncements of our statesmen. We energy and to hate the enemy. Many per and today we have become involved in an must give an outline of the peace that is to sons think that peace of an enduring nature other World War. come. Shall it be an outline that has in it can be achieved by continuing to hate and Can we afl'ord to let matters drift again? no provision for the conquered and a divi by continuing to hold in subjugation a con Should we not have a Department of Peace sion of material things only for the con quered people for all time. which shall fearlessly expose by means of the querors? What is little realized is that peoples who power of publicity and public opinion the We cannot built a world of peace on the are proud and virile, peoples who are con trends toward war? Should we not have foundations of selfishness and hate. We can ·scious of an injustice done them, will re permanent, active, alert machinery of medi build a new world only on the foundations main sullen and unconquerable. Their ation and conciliation? Shouldn't we make of unselfiEhness and friendship. minds and energies will be fixed on the best it our b~siness to take an interest in any The moral force of this Nation which is at way to achieve revenge. This does not permi-t dispute anywhere which might lead to blood heart an unselfish Nation has not as efl'ec reconciliation or rebuilding. It interferes shed? And would the cost of a Department tively mobilized in this war as in the last with the resumption of normal trade and of Peace per year be as much as one-tenth' war. We are behind in our program of peace. keeps alive the fires of war. It means that of the cost of a s1ngle battleship? We can We have expressed in general terms our war armaments must be constantly kept on a certainly set up a Department of Peace just aims, but we have not made definite our large scale. It means tremendous burdens as logically as we set up a system of insur approach to enemy peoples. And it is to of taxation. ance for our lives or our property. win them over-it was done before and it We maintain always two departments of We should organize a Department of Peace can be done again-that we must direct our national defense-War and Navy. We now not only to set in motion a mechanism major efforts today. should maintain a Department of Peace. for dealing with the problems at the peace Moral force to be effective must be honest. The chief responsibility of the War and ' table but to show the whole world that we It must not make pledges that are specious Navy Departments is to maintain at all times mean to be energetic about peace even after on their face. It must bring forth sincerity the best instruments of war. the peace treaties are signed, and we should and genuine faith to make valid our words The chief responsibility of a Department of begin now to educate our people as to the and our plans. We can shorten the war if Peace would be to maintain at all times the basic reasons why friction between nations we begin now to exert our moral force. And best instruments of peace. occurs. · we can prevent World War III if we begin now Many observers will say that a Department A very important. function of a Depart to build the true foundations of interna of State has this duty now, but the Depart tional friendship. It is so large a responsi ment of 'State has many duties, including ment of Peace would be to prevent the main bility that it needs the time and energy of that of determining under the President the tenance of any censorship of the press in an entire department of. the Government. policy of the Government in relation to in times of peace. It is because peoples are Let us establish a 'Department of Peace as a ternational problems. This Department con misled by their own misrulers and forbidden manifestation of our highest purpose for this ducts negotiations pertaining to the protec to learn ·the truth about their neighbors year and all years. tion of American rights and interests and the across international boundaries · that the promotion of beneficial intercourse between seeds of war-hate are sown. An interna EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. the United States and other countries. It tionally free press is a prerequisite of peace. The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be must concern itself with many complicated And since we are committed to the "four freedoms," we can start now through a De fore the Senate the following letters, legal questions in parts of the world whose which were referred as indicated: problems do not relate to the preservation of partment of Peace to urge upon every nation peace. It also performs certain domestic that there be no censorship in times of peace. SUSPENSION OF DEPORTATION OF ALmNS duties. We must go further even during this war. A letter from the Attorney deneral, trans If a separate department given over en We must begin an examination nf the basic mitting, pursuant to law, a report· stating all tirely to the work of mainta1ning peace be reasons why Hitler and Mussolini were able of the facts and pertinent provisions of ·law tween all nations were established, it might, to achieve a dictatorship. We must examine in the cases of 77 individuals whose deporta of course, find itself at variance with other the economic causes of dictatorship and de tion has been suspended for more than 6 departments of our Government, and this termine to what extent the acts of other na months under the authority vested in him would be a healthy thing because the interest tions bring on economic depression in the together with a statement of the reason of maintaining peace might conceivably countries that have accepted dictatorship as for such suspension (with accompanying supersede some national or selfish i'nterest a desperate last resort. papers); to the Committee on Immigration. We must today begin to reach the hearts of a commercial nature. · ADDITION OF PUBLIC DOMAIN LAND TO SUMMIT of enemy peoples. We must persuade them We must begin to think in terms of inter of the futility of clinging to their dictators. LAKE INDIAN RESERVATION national brotherhood rather than national But what do we hold out for them? Impris A letter from the Secretary of the Interior, selfishness. We must begin to examine the onment? Enslavement? Will not proud men transmitting a draft of proposed legislation roots of discord and learn something about fight to the bitter end rather than surren to reserve certain land on the public domain the seeds of international conflict and dis der or overthrow their rulers if by giving up in Nevada for addition to the Summit Lake unity, and how to antidote the causes-how they become subjugated for life? Must we Indian Reservation (with an accompanying to pull up the tares of war and plant the not really emancipate them from their own paper); to the Committee on Indian Affairs. wheat of peace. dictators and prove to them that we mean PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS We must not wait till hostilities are over to deal fairly, equitably, .and in a civilized A letter from the Administrator of the to start on this vital task. We must begin manner with them when they overthrow their Office of Price Administration, transmitting, now because while we are united in the com leaders? We must make it clear that we pursuant to law, an estimate of personnel mon cause of war, we see more clearly than intend to put on trial and to execute the requirements for that Office, for the quarter we shall see in the future the need of com criminal leaders responsible for the out ending June 30, 1945 (with accompanying mon action and common purpose at all times. rage'! against mankind, even if the number papers); to the Committee on Civil Service. We must begin to exert our moral force runs into hundreds. We must ferret out the even now because it is now that we must rec-. instigators of these crimes against human PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS ognize that a Third World War can be built ity. But as for the millions of men, women, The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be on the foundations of hate and discord sown and children, whose patriotism was whipped fore the Senate petitions and memorials, in World War II. We must begin now to up to untold heights, by untruth and mis which were referred as indicated: prevent that Third World War. We must not representation-have we only bitterness and assume that a simple set of treaty provisions permanent hate to ofl'er them? The world By the PRESIDENT pro tempo!e: will keep the peace. cannot be free of war so long as we institu Resolutions of the General Court of Massa Many people think we would have had a tionalize hate and discord. We must in chusetts; to the Committee, on Finance: better era after the last World War if our stead institutionalize peace and unity. We "Resolution memorializing Congress to in forces had marched into Berlin. We have can do this by the power of example, by the vestigate the activities of the Federal Social heard that comment often. Yet we forget moral force of human beings everywhere who Security Board with particular reference to that Germany was completely disarmed last can offer a hand of friendship to conquered the merit system requirements time. And there were treaty provisions which peoples and ask them to build with us a "Resolved, That the General Court of Mas required that she be kept disarmed. For new world. sachusetts hereby memorializes tile Congress more than 10 years after the last World War, Many tens of thou_!:!ands of lives--our sol of the United States to proceed as promptly Germany was in a f'>tate of virtual m111tary diers and sailors and marines, too-will be as may be may be in an investigation of the 6788 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE activities of the Federal Social Security Board permission would not only improve the eco a guide for their· own economic progress and with particular reference to the merit system nomic condition of the recipients, but afford as a chief source of trade; and requirements; and be it further them a share of the happiness and enhanced "Whereas if compromise terms of condi ''Resolved, That the joint standing commit ~elf-respect which results from participation tional surrender are acceded to and Japan is tee on civil service of the general court, or in honest and.. needed work; and that it enabled to maintain the remnants of her eco such members thereof as said committee may would make available, at this time when nomic and political strengt h , she will be in a designate, together with the director of civil manpower is so sorely needed, an additional position to recover quickly from the ravages service and the attorney general, or an substantial working· force; and of war she has instituted; and assistant attorney general designated by him, "Whereas we are informed that the Com "Whereas unless Japan is utterly crushed be authorized to t ravel to the city of Wash mittee on Ways and Means of the House of and broken in this war and her power to make ington, at an expense not to exceed $1,500, . Representatives in the Congress of the United war forever destroyed, the Japanese psople for the purpose of there presenting to the States is presently engaged in an extensive ~o will regard defeat as a temporary set-b::tck select committee of the House of Repre cial security study, and that numerous bills and, in accordance with their fanatical faith sentatives of the Congress to investigate acts have been introduced in Congress directed that they are destined by their gods to con of Executive agencies which exceed their to the liberalization of the Social Security quer the world, will begin once again to build authority, ·the grievances of the Common Act in this and other desirable respects, in wealth in the premises; and be it further for another .ruthless attempt at world con cluding H. R. 65 by Mr. LANE, H. R. 6~7 by quest; and "Resolved, That copies of these resolutions Mr. WICKERSHAM, H. R. 2582 by Mr. BUNKER, be sent forthwith by the State secretary to "Whereas heretofore the United States Gov and H. R. 2964 by Mr. ANDERSON: Now, there- ernment has been adamant in its demand the presiding officer of each branch of Con fore, be it · gress and to the Members thereof from this for a decisive and conclusive victory · upon "Resolved, by the Senate and the Assembly · terms of unconditional surrender, so essential Commonwealth." of the State of California (jointly), That the A joint resolution of the Legislature of the to the future well-being of the world: Now, Legislature of the State of California he~eby the.refore, be it State of California; to the Committee on urges and memorializes Congress to contmue Agriculture and Forestry: the study of needed amendments to the · "Resolved by the Senate and Assembly of Social Security Act, and to enact sucb amend the State of California (jointly), That the "Senate Joint Resolution 20 Legislature of the State of California re "Joint resolution relative to endorsing and ments to that act as may be necessary to per mit recipients of old-age assistance to earn spectfully memorializes the President and the urging the passage of H. R. 2081, to permit' · Congress of the United States to reject any up to $20 monthly without deduct~on of the use o.Z live decoys in the taking of ducks such earnings from the amount of assistance compromise peace proposals which may be "Whereas wild ducks are doing damage to to which they would otherwise be entitled; offered by or in behalf of Japan, and to in agriculture in California, such damage to and be it further sist upon complete and unconditional sur render; and be it further rice, lettuce, and other farm crops amounting "Resolved, That the Legislature of the State to more than $1 ,000,000 per year; and of California does hereby endorse those pro "Resolved, That the secretary or the senate "Whereas if duck hunters were allowed to posals now before Congress looking to the is directed to transmit copies of this resolu . use live or other decoys from blinds, the liberalization of the Social Security Act, and tion to the President of the United States, chance of obtaining a few birds would be urges their favorable consideration; and be the President pro tempore of the Senate of made at least possible; and it further the United States, the Speaker of the House of Representatives of the United States, and "Whereas there is now pending before Con "Resolved, That the secretary of the senate gress H. R. 2081, to permit the use of s.ix live is hereby directed to send copies of this reso to each .Senator and Representative from decoys to each blind in the taking of ducks: California in the Congress of the United lution to the President of the United States, States." Now, therefore, be it the President of the Senate, th~ Speaker of "Resolved by the Senate and Assembly of the House of Representatives, and to each the State of California (jointly), That we Senator·and Representative from California "Assembly Joint Resolution 45 hereby endorse and urge the passagll of in ;the Congress of the United States." "Joint resolution relative to memorializing H. R. 2081 of the Seventy-nintl;l Congress, Two joint resolutions of the Legislature of the President, the Secretary of State, and first session, and respectfully request the the State of California; to the Committee on the Congress to retain full control over Senators and Representatives from California Japanese owned or mandated islands in in the Congress of the United States to give Foreign Relations: "Senate Joint Resolution 27 the Pacific which heretofore have been, their support to this bill; and be it further or hereafter may be,· captured . by · the "Resolved, That copies of this resolution ''Joint resolution relative to current move United States in the course of the war - be forwarded by the secretary of the senate ments for a lenient peace with Japan, and to the President of the United States, the memorializing the President and Congress "Whereas numerous Japa.nese owned · or President pro tempore of the Senate of the to insist upon complete and unconditional mandated islands in the Pacific have been United States, the Speaker of the House of surrender. or hereafter will be captured by the United Representatives of the United States, the States in the course of the war; and. "Whereas rumors are now prevalent that "Whereas efforts are being made by in':.. United States Fish and Wildlife Seryice of the preliminary peace overtures by Japan are in Department of the Interior, and to each Sen fiuences detrimental to the best interests of prcgress by way o! sounding out neutral gov our .country to transfer said islands, taken ator and Representative from California in ernments and, in one reported instance, by the Congress of the United States." by us from the Japanese at bloody cost, to a approaching an American diplomat in a neu so-called trusteeship doJUinated by foreign A joint resolution of the Legislature of the tral capital for the purpose of discussing powers, thus depriving the United States of State of California; to the Committee on peace possibilities; and exclusive control of said islands; and Finance: "Whereas there a.re further indications that "Whereas it would be detrimental to the "Senate Joint Resolution 22 Japan in its efforts to obtain a more lenient interests of the United States to allow the "Joint resolution relative to amendment of peace,' is attempting to sow seeds of dis':mity Pacific islands to be under the control of the Federal Social Security Act in respect and suspicion between the United States and any foreign group; and to old -age assistance Great B.ritain on the one hand, and o:ttr great "Whereas the American people are de ally, Russia, on the other, by intimations that "Whereas the present provisions of the manding that these islands rbe retained as Great Britain and the United States will need our outer line of defense and strongly resent Federal Social Security Act governing grants a buffer against Communist Russia, and th,at to States for old-age assistance are in need any proposal to place these islands under Russia will require a like buffer against the - foreign control: Now, therefore, be it of reconsideration and liberalization; partic capitalistic nations, which role Japan would ularly that provision which requires the "Resolved by the Senate and Assembly of be willing to assume in the so-called interests the State of California, jointly, That the State agency, in determining need,· to take of world peace; and into consideration any other ineome and Legislature of .California hereby respectfully resources of an individual claiming such as "Whereas observers have detected an under urges the representatives of the United tone of Japanese propaganda surrounding the sistance, including his earnings, and which ~ States to stand firm for American rights so is -interpreted and applied to require· the United Nations Conference on International that no foreign power or group of powers Organization, manifesting itself in the ·na deduction of earnings of the rec ~ pient from may intervene in the management or con the grant of assistance which he would other tionalistic movements and economic hopeiil of trol of said Japanese-owned or mandated wise be eligible to receive; and Asiatic contingents who are reluctant to islands and that the United States retain ';Whereas it is the consensus of the people merge with western civilization - and still full control thereof for the protection of our and the Legislature of the State of Cali harbor resentment at old wrongs from Cau country 2gainst the aggression of any for fornia that recipients of old-age assistance casian overlords; and eign power or group of powers in the future; ought to be permitted to supplement that "Whereas these contingents, desiring free and be it further assistance by their labor to a reasonable ex dom both from Japanese militarism and from "Resolved, That the secretary of the sen tent without deduction of their earnings, to prewar Caucasian infiuence, have expressed ate is directed to transmit copies of · this the amount of $20 per month, from the aid hopes of a Japan which is subdued militarily resolution to the President of the United Ol' assistance provided to them; that such but left with industrial strength to serve as States, the Secretary of State, the President 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 6789 pro tempore of the Senate of the United "Senate Joint Resolution 23 "Senate Joint Resolution 32 States, the Speaker of the House of Repre "Joint resolution relative to memo ~ ializing ~·Joint resolution relative to memorializing sentatives of the United States, and to each the President and Congress of the United the Congress of the United States to in Senator and Representative from California States and the Surgeons General of the vestigate through its appropriate commit in the Congress of the United States." United States Army and Navy to consider tee the proposed construction by the War A joint resolution of the Legislature of the the advisability of, and the special advan Department of an ammunition-loading fa State of California; to the Committee on In tages to be derived from establishing one cility in the county of Marin and to de terstate Commerce: or more military hospitals 'in mineral mand of the War Department that activi spring areas of California, and urging that "Senate Joint Resolution 28 ties in connection with the said proposal affirmative -action be taken in regard be discontinued pending I)Uch investiga "Joint resolution relative to memorializing thereto tion Congress to enact H. R. 2536, Seventy-ninth Congress, first session, relating to the regu "Whereas as World War II continues, it be "Whereas the War Department of th-e lation of transportation companies comes increasingly evident that American United States is contemplating the con casualties to soldiers and sailors will be in struction of major ammunition storage and "Whereas the National Congress in the excess of one million; and loading· depots in the central San Francisco Transportation Act of 1940 specifically de "Whereas soldiers and sailors who have z:e Bay area; and clared a national transportation policy to ceived wounds or have been otherwise physi "Whereas it is planned specifioolly that an provide for fair and impartial regulation of cally or mentally diSabled are being returned rail, water, and highway carriers and declared ammunition-loading depot with facilities for that the Interstate Commerce Commission in increasing numbers to the United States loading of four large ammunition ships at should recognize and preserve the inherent for convalescent and rehabilitation treat one time, will be located at California Point advantages of each method of transportation ment, to · make possible their return to the in the county of Marin, and that a m'agazine and should promote safe, adequate, economi armed forces or to civilian life; and storage area will be located on 161 Highway cal, and efficient common carrier services, fos "Whereas medical experience, during many opposite Hamilton Field Army Air Base in ter sound, economic conditions in transpor years, has demonstrated the great value of the said county, requiring the condemnation tation, and maintain reasonable rates with mineral spring or properly conducted spa of 3,603 acres of the finest residential sites out unjust discrimination, undue prefer treatment for patients suffering from nervous and 2,299 acres of the most desirable 'dairying ences or, unfair, competitive practices; and and other physical and mental disorders; and lands in the State; and "Whereas the welfare of the State of Cali "Whereas California possesses many areas "Whereas explosions such as occurred at fornia in a large measure depends upon the easy of access, with climatic and environ Port Chicago, Halifax, and Calcutta, have several modes of transportation thus regu mental conditions of highest order, in which demonstrated that such operations should be lated to transport from this State to eastern located as far as possible from major centers treatment procedures such as those carried of population and industry; and markets the products of its fields, fisheries, on in Saratoga Springs in New York and in is "Whereas the proposed location would be mines, and factories, and this State there liot ~prings National Park in Arkansas could fore vitally interested in the etrective admin within 2 miles of San Quentin State Prison, be easily established; and Within 3 V2 miles of major gasoline-loading istration by the Interstate Commerce Com "Whereas additional governmental hos miss~on of the national transportation policy docks at Point Richmond, within' 4 miles of of Congress; and _ pitals are still being authorized and erected the Navy's gasoline and oil-storage depot at "Whereas the specialized nature of Cali by the military authorities: Now, therefore, Point Malate, within 6 miles of major ship fornia's productive capacities, both indus be it yards and oil refineries in Richmond, within trial and agricultural, can only find outlet in "Resolved by the Senate and Assembly of 9 miles of Treasure Island where are stationed markets beyond the boundaries of this State; ·the State of California (jointly) at this fifty over 70,000 Navy personnel, within 9 miles of and seventh regular session of the legislature, the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, with "Whereas some confusion and uncertainty That the President and Congress of the in 5 miles of the Golden Gate Bridge, and exists as to how and by whom Federal regu United States and the Surgeons General of within less than 2 miles of the Marinship lations of rates and services of common car the United States Army and United States plant constructing Navy tankers at Sausalito, riers should be administered and whether or Navy are hereby respectfully memorialized to and would adjoin two important Navy in not common carriers and shippers, both pro consider the advisability of, and the special stallations at California City; ducers _and consumers may consult and con advantages to be derived from, establishing "Whereas over 100,000 people reside within fer with regard to coordinated and efficient one or more military hospitals in mineral a radius of 6 miles of the proposed ammuni through _transportation rates and practices; spring areas in the State of California, where tion-loading side, and over 500,000 within and in healthful surroundings and with appropri 12 miles of the site, in addition to the war plant, transportation, and armed forces fa "Whereas there has been introduced in the :ate spa structures and equipment, th~ con cilities m~ntioned above; and Congress of the United States, H. R. 2536, valescence, health, and rehabilitation of large which wm unequivocally confer upon the In numbers of invalided soldiers and sailors "Whereas claims were paid for damage re terstate Commerce Commission complete sulting from the Port Chicago disaster in- • jurisdiction to supervise, approve, reject, and could be more effectively promoted and their volving the explosion of but one ship, as far otherwise control all joint and cooperative return to useful military or civilian life be as 24 miles away, and it is plain that a major arrangements and agreements between com more definitely assured; and be it further explosion at the loading sites contemplated mon carriers and between common carriers "Resolved, That as a result of such consid would paralyze the central bay area with and shippers, and between joint agencies and erations, aftlrmative action be taken to ac tremendous property damage and possibly assoCiations of common carriers respecting complish the foregoing purposes: and be tt great loss of life; and the rates and services of all such common further "Whereas the Marin Municipal Water Dis carriers; and "Resolved, That the attention of the Presi trict, the public agency supplying the only - "Whereas the enactment ot said H. R. 2536 dent and Congress of the United ·states and available water for domestic use of the 78,000- will remove and set at rest the confusion of the Surgeons General of the Army and population of Marin County,- has by otficial and uncertainty presently existing with re Navy is hereby called and redirected to Senate action after thorough study notified the Army gard to the powers of the Interstate Com Joint Resolution No. 12, unanimously adopt :that the water necessary for the personnel merce Commission under said national trans ed by the Fifty-fifth California Legislature and other use of such bases cannot be fur-_ portation policy: Now, therefore, be it (Cal. Sta.ts. 1943, Res. Ch. 52), on ~his same nished; and "Resolved by the Senate and Assembly of subject, copies of which resolution were "Whereas the appropriation of appr_oxi the State of California (jointly), That the transmitted to them upon its adoption; and .mately 10 square miles of residential and Legislature of the State of California hereby potential residential areas in this suburban memorializes the Congress of the United be it further "Resolved, That the chief clerk of the as district would, without considering the haz __ States of America to enact H. R. 2536 in order ard involved, constitute a blight upon this that the powers and authority of the Inter sembly is directed to _transmit copies of this area; and J;tate Commerce Commission may be clarified resolution, and of the senate joint resolu "Whereas it has been demonstrated that and confirmed without further unnecessary tion of the fifty-fifth legislature }?.ereunto other more appropriate, more convenient, and delay or confusion; and be it further annexed, to the President of the United more practical sites in less hazardous loca "'Resolved, That the secretary of the senate States, the Surgeons General of the United tions are available, and whereas the present is hereby directed to send copies of this reso States Army and the United States Navy, to facilities at Benicia are accessible to three lution to the _otfice of the President of the the President pro tempore of the Senate of transcontinental railroads and to deep-water United States, and to each Member of the the United States, the Speaker of the House channels while the proposal contemplated Senate and House of Representatives in the of Representatives of the United States, and would involve the transportation of muni -Congress of the United States f1·om Cali to each Senator and Representative from tions directly past the Benicia facilities and fornia." California in. the Congress of the United -over an additional 50 miles of single-track . Two joint resolutions of the Legislature of States; and that the Senators and Represent ·railway on whicll are located two tunnels and the State of California; to · the Committee atives from California be respectfully. re which involve various lateral railway connec on Military Affai-rs: - ·quested to urge such action." tions; and 6790 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE "Whereas it is apparent that the construe-· termination of fair value to be made by him of America. In addition to maintaining tion contemplated cannot be completed in at 10-year intervals; and a very active association, they publish less than 1 year's time and therefore is not "Whereas it is desirable that such propo monthly one' of the leading trade journals essential to the immediate demands of the sal should include authorization for similar , war in the Pacific and seems to bear closer payments based on the fair market value of of the industry. I ask unanimous con relationship to the permanent intentions of national parks and other lands owned by the sent to present the resolutions adopted at the War Department upon this subject: Now, Federal Government and so situated; and the O'Neill meeting and that they be therefore, be it "Whereas; such proposal, if amended to published in the body of the RECORD and "Resolved by the Senate and Assembly of authorize similar payments on national parks properly referred, as they express the California (jointly), That the Congress of and oth~r lands owned by the Federal Gov opinion of the leaders in the cattle in the United States is hereby memorialized to ernment, would embody an equitable, stable dustry, on such important current sub cause through its House Committee on Mili· and practicable basis of contribution and jects. as subsidies, ceiling and fioor prices, tary Affairs, or any other appropriate com would avert substantially fluctuations and mittee, the immediate investigation of · the inadequacies in contributions as presently Federal controls, and a number of other proposed facilities and the reasons and need determined and authorized; Now, therefore, items of interest to Members of Con therefor and the comparative availability of be it gJ:ess. other sites for the purposes contemplated, · "Resolved by the Senate and Assembly of The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With whether they be for the immediate prose the State of California (jointly), That Con out objection, the resolutions presented cution of the war in the Pacific or for a long gress is hereby respecfully memorialized to by the Senator . from Nebraska will be term program of Army preparedness; and be support H. R. 2867 and S. 868 of the Seventy received and appropriately referred. it further ninth Congress, first session, with suitable To the Committee on Agriculture and "Resolved, That the Congress, or the Cali ar..1endments to. authorfze similar payments Forestry: fornia Representatives therein, or the appro on na tiona! parks and other lands owried by priate committee which may undertake such the Federal Government, to the end that the RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED AT THE FIFTY-SIXT~ investigation, be and it is hereby requested purposes therein sought to be accomplished ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING OF THE NE• to make demand upon the Secretary of War may be enacted into law; and be it further BRASKA STOCK GROWERS ASSOCIATION, HELD that further activity in the matter of the "Resolved, That the secretary of the sen AT O'NEILL, NEBR., JUNE 14, 15, 16, 1945 afore-mentioned ammunition storage and ate is directed to transmit copies of this reso· MEAT BOARD loading facilities be discontinued pending Iution to the President of the United States, We endorse the work of the National Live such investigation; and be it further the President pro tempore of the Senate of stock and Meat Board. They have rendered "Resolved, That the secretary of the senate the United States, the Speaker of the House a valuable service to our armed forces in is hereby directed to transmit copies of this of Representatives of the United States; to teaching our Army and Navy personnel to resolution to the Speaker of the House of each Senator and Congressman from Califd'r· cook, prepare, and handle meat, and have it Representatives; the President pro tempore nia in the Congress of the United States, and kept in its proper place in the American diet of the Senate; to the Honorable CLARENCE F. to the Honorable Claude R. Wickard, Secre• by demonstrating its nutritional value. LEA, Representative from the First California tary of Agriculture of the United States." We also extend our thanks to the various District; and to every Senator and Represent A resolution adopted by the natlc.nal exec agencies on the central markets who have ative from California in the Congress of the utive committee of the Twenty-nblth Divi· collected fees for the National Livestock and United States; and to the Honorable ANDREW sian Association, Baltimore, Md., favoring re· Meat Board. J. MAY, chairman of the said House Commit tention of Gen. George C. Marshall as Chief tee on Military Affairs." of Staff of the United States Army at least To the Committee on . Banking and A joint resolution of the Legislature of the until the termination of the war against Currency: State of California; to the Committee on Japan; to the Committee on Military Affairs. SUBSIDIES Public Lands and Surveys: BRETI'ON WOODS AGREEMENT Subsidies, as used in our present food· "Senate Joint Resolution 21 PETITIONS FROM ILLINOIS price control, are inflationary and dangerous. "Joint resolution relative to memorializing The .United States Treasury has already paid Congress to support H. R. 2867 and S. 868, Mr. LUCAS. , Mr. President, this more than three-fourths of a billion dollars, authorizing annual payments to States, for morning I was presented with three vol only to leave money in the hands of people the benefit of their local political subdivi· umes of petitions signed by thousands of to encourage black-market operations. sions, based on the fair value of the na citizens of Chicago, Ill., praying for the We urge Congress to provide a pJan that tional-forest lands situated therein enactment of Senate bill 540, to provide will withdraw these payments in a gradual and orderly manner and at a time when "Whereas stable income is essential to the for the participation of the United States there is consumer purchasing power that will efficient conduct of local functions of govern in the International Bank for Recon keep consumption at a high point and at ment; and struction and Development, which is now prices that will maintain the stability of the "Whereas the contributions to costs of local pending before the Committee on Bank cattle industry. governments by national forest lands as ing and Currency. The petitions were presently authorized by section 500 of title INCREASED CEILINGS 16 of the United States Code are fluctuating presented to me by Mrs. EMILY TAFT . Recent changes in the beef program have by reason of the basis upon which such con· DouGLAS, Representative at Large from been of little benefit to the feeder as the tributions are calculated and determined; and Illinois, and the signatures .have been ob greater portion of the payments go to the "Whereas, inadequacies in such contribu· tained by the Illinois Bretton Woods processors. We, therefore, urge a fair in tions exist where national fot;est lands yield Committee, which is a group of independ crease in the retail price of A and double A little or no current revenues pending their ent citizens of my State who are intensely beef, so that feed-lot operators will be en restoration to economic productivity or be· interested in this monetary movement. couraged in the production of finished beef. cause deferment of, utilization of their na· I ask unanimous consent to present these FEDERAL CONTROLS tural resources is necessitated by sound prin· three volumes· of petitions and that they ciples of resource management and economy; Government control of meat and meat and be referred to the Committee on Bank prices is now confused and impossible of un "Whereas, to promote stability of local ing and Currency. derstanding due to duplicating and over income and to avert such fluctuations and There being no objection, the petitions lapping agencies. The duplication and lack inadequacies there are now pending before of this control authority is responsible for a presented by Mr. LucAs were received . complete lack of public confidence, for black Congress H. R. 2867, by Representative CoL· and referred to the Committee on Bank market operations, and 1or the shortage of MEn, of Mississippi, and a companion bill, s. ing and Currency. E68, by Senator QoRDON, of Oregon, author ·meat. , izing annual payments to States, for the RESOLUTIONS BY NEBRASKA STOCK We commend President Truman for his benefit of their local political subdivisions, GROWERS ASSOCIATION wisdom in selecting Han. CLINTON P. ANDER· based on the fair value of the national forest soN as Secretary of Agriculture, and we urge lands situated therein; and Mr. BUTLER. Mr. President, on June Congress to make Secretary ANDERSON the "Whereas under such proposal the annual 14, 15, and 16 the Nebraska Stock Grow over-all authority in matters of food distribu payments by the United States to the States, ers Association held their fifty-sixth an tion, processing, ceilings, prices, etc. for distribution to counties, by reason of the nual business meeting at O'Neill, Nebr. SUPPORT PRICES existence therein of areas of national forest This is one of the most important and Suggestions have been made that a sup land, would be at the rate of 2 percent of the active cattle producers' associations in port-price program would provide a means fair value of the national forest lands as the United States. Their membership of cushioning the inevitable postwar adjust-. determined and certified by the Secretary of ment in cattle prices. Price support and Agriculture in the manner therein provided, comes mainly from the famous Sand production control, of necessity, must go such fair value as initially determined to be ·Hills section of Nebraska, where are lo hand in hand. We, therefore, oppose any subject to annual adjustments, with a rede• cated SOJ!Pe of the largest cattle ranches price-support. program as further regimen- 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECO~D~SENATE 6791 tation of our industry which we believe to offering opportunity for free and open dis H. R. 3550. A bill making appropriations be undesirable and impractical, and we urge cussiOn The arrangements thus set up for for the Military Establishment for the fiscal our members to adhere to sound business consideration of changes in rates, charges, and year ehding June 30, 1946, and for other pur practices and forego the lure of a price-sup practices have proven satisfactory to the live poses; ·with amendments (Rept. No. 423). port program. stock shippers who pay the bills and have proven satisfactory to the public body to ENROLLED BILLS PRESENTED To the Committee on Finance: which Congress has entrusted the day-by The Secretary of the Senate reported TARIFF day exercise of its power to regulate trans that on June 26, 1945, he presented to We believe that the postwar world will portation. the President of the United States the look to the United States for international There is pending in Congress H. R. 2536, in following enrolled bills: economic leadership. As our own economy troduced by Representative A. L. BULWINKLE, must be preserved, we urge Nebraska's dele of North Carolina. The purpose of this bill S. 463. An act to amend section 927 of the gation in Congress to exert every effort to is to clarify questions raised as to how and Code of Law of the District of Columbia, re ward the maintenance of adequate tariff pro by whom Federal regulation of rates and serv lating to insane criminals; and tection. ices of common carriers shall be administered, a E07. An act to improve ::alary and wage whether by an experienced agency of Con administration in the Federal service; to pro NATIONAL LIVESTOCK TAX COMMITTEE gress, the Interstate Commerce Commission, vide pay for overtime and for night and holi We urge the continuation and support of which has a consistent and continuing policy, day work; to amend the Classification Act of the National Live Stock Tax Committee in or the confusing and conflicting determina 1923, as amended; to bring about a reduction their efforts in clarifying the regulations of tions of various courts under the antitrust in Federal personnel and to establish person the Internal Revenue office applying to fixed laws: Therefore be it nel ceilings for Federal departments and inventory methods in connection with sales Resolved by the Nebraska Stock Growers agencies; to require a quarterly analysis of of breeding herds, ·and to other tax matters. Association at their annual meeting at O'Neill, Federal employment; and for other purposes. We wish to extend our appreciation to Nebr., June 14-16, 1945, That the Bulwinkle BILLS INTRODUCED those who have given their time and served bill be enacted to further clarify the intent on this. committee-. of Congress that regulation of carriers under Bills· were introduced, read the first the Interstate Commerce Act is the duty of To the Committee on Foreign Rela time, and, by unanimous consent, the the Interstate Commerce Commission and second time, and referred as follows: tions: the several State regulatory commissions, to SANITARY EMBARGO the end that the national transportation pol By Mr. CHAVEZ: Economic conditions in the postwar pe icy as set forth in the Transportation Act of S. 1197. A bill to authorize the War Food riod may be conducive to renewed attempts 1940 shall be upheld. Administrator or the Secretary of Agricul to modify our country's, sanitary embargo ture to adjust boundary disputes by settling against the importation of meat and meat Ordered to lie on the table: claims to certain so-called Sebastian Martin products from countries where foot and WAR EFFORT grant lands, in the State of New Mexico; to mouth disease is known to exist. The em the Committee on Public Lands and Sur Thousands of our sons and daughters are in veys. bargo does not discriminate against any uniform fighting that American freedom may country, but operates only to protect Ameri live on, and we again pledge our loyalty and By Mr. FERGUSON: can livestock and the American public from devotion to every war effort of our Govern S. 1198. A bill to authorize the Secretary the ruinous effects of foot and mouth disease. ment. of Commerce to sell certain property in the Our own experience and the very recent ex EXECUTIVE COUNCIL State of Michigan now occupied by the perience of England in importing meat from Weather Bureau and to acquire land in the Be- it resolved, That all the acts and pro State of Michigan for the erection of a infected countries prove the necessity of ceedings of the executive council of the Ne continued vigilance and we urge Congress and Weather Bureau station; to the Committee braska Stock Growers Association since the on Agriculture and Forestry. all responsible Federal officials to maintain last annual meetipg, held June 10, 1944, as the sanitary embargo in its present form. . By Mr. BAILEY: set forth in the respective minutes of the S. 1199. A bill confeq:ing jurisdiction upon To the Committee on Irrigation and meetings of the Nebraska Stock Growers As the United States District Court for the Reclamation: sociation, and the acts of the officers in the Middle District of North Carolina to hear, furtherance thereof, be and the same hereby determine, and render judgment upon any The Nebraska Stock Growers Association are fully ratified, approved, and confirmed. is opposed to the creation of a Missouri Val claim arising out of the death of L. W. ley Authority, as proposed in the Murray and REPORTS OF COMMITTEES Freeman; to the Committee on Claims. Gillette bills and as recommended by the The following reports of committees By Mr. :MURRAY (for himself, Mr. President. HAYDEN, and Mr. McFARLAND): The sound and orderly development of the were submitted: S. 1200. A bill to authorize mining, mill river and its tributaries can be achieved by By Mr. WALSH, from the Committee on ing, or smelting loans, and for other pur other and less drastic steps. The Pick and Naval Affairs: poses; to the Committee on Banking and Sloan plans now pending in Congress, can H. R. 1309. A bill to provide reimbursement Currency. be reconciled to form the framework for river for personal property lost, damaged, or de By Mr. TOBEY: development through existing agencies, stroyed as the result of an explosion at the S. 1201. A bill for the relief of Arthur F. which we approve. naval air station, Norfolk, Va., on September Downs; to the Committee on Claims. 17, 1943; with amendments (Rept. No. 419); To the Committee on Interstate Com and HOUSE BILL REFERRED merce: H. R. 3269. A bill further amending the part The bill from the Cleveland Plain Dealer~ of June 21, good time, the war in the- Pacific will be For the building of a sound social order, 1945, which appear in the Appendix.] crowned with triumph. But victory shall not we must turn first to the traditional con mark the end of the struggle. For, beneath cept of man. And this is simply the Chris ACTIVITIES OF THE OPA-LETTER FROM the clash of arms; beneath the din of bat tian concept. Without this, nothing can JOHN W. ANDERSON tle, there lies a much greater struggle: a be built. In this evaluation of man, we learn [Mr. WILLIS (for himself and Mr. CAPE struggle of the people of the world. It is a that man is made in the image and likeness HART) asked and obtained leave to have social .revolution; this is the accepted premise of God; he is, therefore, of immeasurable printed in the RECORD a letter, dated June 16, for any discussion about the future. The value. We learn that men have been re 194.5, from John W. Anderson, president .of social revolution is a very present reality. It deemed by Jesus Christ; their value is enor the Anderson Co., of Gary, Ind., with regard is here, whether we like it or not. We must mously increased. We learn that God is our to the activities of the OPA, which appears in come to grips with it and work with it. We Father; and Christ our Brother. Man is the Appendix.] cannot escape it. And the central question free; he is innately superior to all social, of the revolution is whether the reconstruc QUALIF·ICATIONS OF MR. JUSTICE DOUG economic, or political institutions. Man is tion of the world ·is to be achieved really with the shaper, the maker, of the state. Man is LAS FOR SECRETARY OF STATE-EDI the people, for the people, by the people. the foul)dation and the end of the state. TORIAL FROM THE OREGONIAN No one has more beautifully expressed this We find in this Christian notion of man [Mr. CORDON aslted and obtained leave to than Piux XII in his Christmas message of our strongest motivation for the rebuilding have printed in the RECORD an editorial en last year: "Moreover-and this is perhaps the of the world. titled "This Is That Time," proposing the most important point-beneath the sinister With this idea of man .as. the very founda appointment of Justice W. 0. Douglas, of the lightning of the war that encompasses them; tion of our desires for a new world, we can United States Supreme Court, to be Secretary in the blazing heat of the furnace that im go on to ways and means of rebuilding the of State, published in the Oregonian of May prisons them, the peoples have, as it were, world. First, I offer for your considerat ion awakened from a long torpor. They have 29, 1945, which appears in the Appendix.] the conc~pt of full employment. Let me assumed, in relation to the state and those state emphatically my belief that full em EFFECT ON AGRICULTURE. OF OPA AD- who govern, a new attitude-one that ques ployment is possible in America; secondly, MINISTRATION-LETTER FROM OMAR C. tions, criticizes, distrusts." that unemployment is unnecessary. I have SPENCER In other words, there is a yeasting among no · patience with that school of t hought the people, a ferment in the world. The which maintains that business depressions [Mr. CORDON asked and obtained leave to Pope.notes an abhorrence of all that is past have printed in the RECORD a letter from and mass unemployment are inevitable. and a- feverish desire for reform. He sees They are inevitable only because stupidity, Omar C. Spencer to the Portland Oregonian over the world a desperate craving for liberty with regard to conditions in agriculture re obstinacy, greed, and fear have made them so. and an unquenched thirst for self-deter Depressions and widespread unemployment sulting from OPA administration, which ap minatiQn. The awakening of the peoples pears in the Appendix.] are not acts of God; they are produced by is a revolt on the part of the common us through our inhuman economic practices. THE SHORTAGE OF TEACHERs-ARTICLE peop:e against the concentration of dicta We believe that it is necessary to organize the BY MALVINA LINDSAY torial power that cannot be censured or world for the preservation of international touched. Restless and impatient, the peo [Mr. fULBRIGHT asked and obtained leave peace. Why should we not organize our own ple are becoming more conscious of the wciety to preserve economic peace and a void to have printed in the RECORD an article by social order in which they live. They are Malvina Lindsay entitled "Who Will Teach?" economic disaster? International peace will criticizing all social organizations and in never be assured until we achieve economic published in the Washington Post of June 27, stitutions because they realize that these li45, which appears in the Appendix.] justice for all people. The people will not organizations and institutions, which they accept economic and social first -aid, when POSTWAR ECONOMIC PROBLEMs-LEC- support, have a very practical bearing on economic and social surgery is required. TURE BY THE AUXILIARY BISHOP OF their lives. For this reason, I think the proposed Mur-· CHICAGO But precisely what is this revolution? ray full-employment bill is a providential What is the issue of the revolution, as of Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, in recent weapon in the building of a world a man can this war? It is man; h is dignity and his live in. No reasonable m~n can oppose its months, the religious leaders of our Na liberty. The revolution is a popular move desirable goal, a goal which vitally affect s the tion have been giving increased attention ment for the revindication and the attain well-being of everyone in the Nation. It is to our postwar economic problems. In ment of fall human rights for all people. important to note that the projected full many areas of the country they are It is a concerted effort to reestablish the employment plan contains no hint of that taking a position of leadership in point- primacy of the human person, in a world totalitarianism which its opponents allege. . ing out the need for sufficient opportuni dominated by selfish, cynical, and self-willed The will of the people, expressed through men. It is an anguiEhed and angry protest their freely elected representatives, can hardly ties for useful and remunerative employ against a world stripped · of meaning and ment for all Americans who are willing be termed totalitarianiEm. The bill is based of common human decency. upon the premise that men m ake depres and able to work. But the revolution is only one part of a sions; and upon the further premise that A few days ago my attention was called war which we have never won. It is a war men can avoid depressions, through economic to an address by the Most Reverend that will not be decided by military victory. daring and bold statesmanship. Bernard J. Sheil, senior auxiliary bishop It is a war that is as old as man; a war What are we offered by the opponents of of Chicago, who is my personal friend. which has been fought since the first time, full employment? It is strange but true, The address was delivered before the so long ago, that special privilege and selfish that there are some who do not wish our ness and greed lifted their arrogant and representative Government to undertake such I Social Science Forum, Siena College, pompous heads. It is a war that h as been 1:1- plan. They wish to leave the postwar un Loudonvill~, N. Y. In view of the great carried on, with varying degrees of acute employment problem to the natural forces significance of Bishop Sheil's address, I ness and bitterness by all the despots of the of private enterprise; as if the jun gle t actics ask unanimous consent that it be printed world against the poor, the disinherited, the of unrestrained competition we:::e natural. in the RECORD at this point, in connec dispossessed. It is the war against decency, Nothing less than a full program of jobs for tion with my remarks. righteousness, and freedom, waged by all the all will fill the needs of postwar America. There being no objection, the address economic Bourbons of history and of the pres Closely related to the concept of full em ent day, against the little man, the worker, ployment is the concept of t he guarant eed was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, the people. It is the fight for freedom, for annual wage. The annual wage is no dreamy as follows: security; it is the fight for sufficiency and the speculation of impractical planners. It is a A WORLD A MAN CAN LIVE IN full life. It is the war, as old as man, against hard-headed and potent instrument for t he The war in Europe is at an end. The trib .. ·man's inhumanity to man. It is the war construction of a world a man can live in. ulation and the passion of Europe are over. for a world a man can live in. It is likely that no other sing ~ e measure There 1s gratitude; there is joy. There is Here in America the war for a world a would do more to bring about the traditional only a nameless sorrow for those whose loved man can live in has developed further than Amer ican dream of a social order worthy of ones paid the supreme price for our victorious anywhere else. America stands today as the man. It is a very obvious means of aiding liberty. symbol of hope and the aspiration of free men to achieve their temporal and et ernal But the war is not yet finished. In the dom-loving people everywhere. Yet, even end as human beings and children of God. vast reaches of the Pacific, the gods of war here, in the land of the free, there is a This principle alone gives the annual wage still rage in undiminished fury. We cannot mighty tide of suffering and injustice. Even sound moral justification. A very apparent rest, we shall not rest, until the last vestige here, in the land of plenty, there is hunger benefit of the annual wage would be the in· of resistance is extinguished. We cannot and want. But all is not black, because, creased stabilization of family life. Who can rest, we shall not rest, until this hideous here in ~ the United States, we possess today measure the good this alone will give us, thing, totalitarianism, and the evil men who the means to overcome this injustice and since a strong family life is the basis of a spawned it are forever banished from the oppression. Now, as always, in our history, strong nation? T:Pere will be a h appier at civilized world. ways and means to effect a decent l?Ocial mosphere in the home with a secure income; Y:cs . the war in Europe has ended vic ol'der are at hand, if we will only be wise there will be a growth of self-reliance in men toriously. And we a,re cert ain that, in God's enough to use t:\em. and hope for the future. If we have secured • _1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 6795 security for corporations, why should we not Further, a world a man can live in must we shall strike the most telling blow against secure secur'tty for the men who sustain the be free from the deadly disease of race communism. Communism is not attrac corporations? If there is security for cor prejudice. If we are truly Christian, we tive to men and wqmen who are well-housed, porate profits, surely_there should be security cannot preach one thing and practice an well-fed, and well-clothed. It would be no for the men who make the profits possible. other. Nor, if we are truly democratic, can threat, if we would implement the fertile The guaranteed annual wage in Ameri• we preach equality and deny it to millions truths of the Declaration of Independence can industry ·can be achieved freely. The of our fellow Americans. We recoil with and of the Constitution; truths which we best proof of this is that, of the plans now horror from Buchenwald and from Dachau. have too long regarded as oratorical flour· in operation, all were undertaken at the ini We cannot find words adequate to describe ishes; truths which we have too little re tiative of private industry: Although the our revulsion. Yet, are our hands quite garded as seeds of dynamic democracy. annual wage falls upon some ears with a clean? Can we denounce the appalling · sinister sound, it is pleasant to acknowledge atrocities in Germany and ignore our own But, it is idle to think that we can pursue that far-sighted businessmen have contrib practices? Our own hands are stained with this objective in America alone. It is a uted much to the new plan. But the suc the same brush. We decry racism and its pernicious fallacy to delude ourselves that cess of the annual wage in a few industries fiendish injustices; yet we participate bland we can build here a social order without re is a challenge to other industries to demon ly in similar practices in our own Nation. gard to the rest of the world. It is childish strate further their vaunted initiative. We have not erased racism from the con• fantasy to think we can pursue this end in And, again, for tJ:te building of a world a science of the world by defeating Germany. narrow isolation. If God is our Father, then man can live in, I strongly urge that labor It is still a live and bitter issue to millions we are all brothers. The consequence of this unions extend their activities beyond a mere of Americans that very day. I am thinking brotherhood is an indissoluble bond, a bond definition of wages and hours and the settle of the toiling and sweating Negro; of the which utterly precludes indifference to o-ar ment of isolate grievances. These are the hated and driven Jew; of the bewildered and fellow men. Everything we do in Ameri<:a has repercussions everywhere else. Full em minimum actions ~f any labor union. I sub lonely Mexican; of the isolated, cowering mit that all labor unions must participate in Nisei. · ployment is impossible here if there is eco the management of industry. This is not a I deplore and I disavow with all the nomic disaster in other nations. The good bid for anarchy; but a bid for that form of strength of my being the hate which is life in America is but a tantalizing mirage if partnership which would permit a graduated deliberately fostered by persons who call the rest of the world languishes in slavery share in the ownership ana profits of business themselves Americans. I hate the hate and want. The full life become only a ma and also some voice in its management. which tries to twist and pervert the Ameri cabre joke if other nations suffer from oppres Surely this is not an excessive demand on can spirit into an unlovely; unlovable thing. sion and inju&tice. Our responsibility to do within our borders either helps or hinders the part of labor. It is not a qu~stion of As Jacques Maritain has said, "It is possible labor taking. over management, lock, stock, that in a few years this country may have other nations must be respected. What ·we and barrel. It is simply the workers' request to defend itself against the spiritual wave of other nations; Hitler's Germany is proof that they should have a voice in things that destruction of human values which for a enougn of thls. In a world of total social affect them vitally. time submerged Europe "' (America) and economic lnterdependence, it is dishon The economic reason for such union-man would then see undisguised before her the est for us to pretend that we can do as we agement cooperation need not be elaborated face of evil and evil's reality." I am con please. at length. It is the need for job protection vinced that America already sees the face It is our national -responsibility to be in· , and for proper living wages. Another reason of evil in the hideous shape of race bigotry, ternational in our outlook. Let us resist for such cooperation is the need of the in which is the first step toward full-blown the siren call of isolationists who offer . us dividual worker for self-expression and free fascism. - I am nauseated by our native a never-never land, if we will cut ourselves dom at work. And the worker needs to feel Fascists, who use racism as a weapon· of off from the world. They promise us se satisfaction in hi-s daily job, to which so political and economic domination. I am curity, but it is a security bought at the pr'ice much of his life is devoted. · sickened and ashamed by those religious of indifference to the suffering and miserf of Union-management cooperation enables leaders, of all beliefs, who do not use race millions. They promise us freedom, an il· the labor& to become a citizen of industry, at all, for any purpose, but simply ignore lusory freedom, bought at the price of utter not a subject. It is the extension of the · it. I despise the meagerness of spirit and disregard of the countless human beings who principles of democracy into industry, and the bleakness of soul represented by this will be forced to live in bondage. If we yield the best means of saving industry from any monstrous thing, race prejudice. to the isolationists, the world will become fear of the future. Union-management co And, for the building of a humane social little more than an armed camp. All men operation is an instrument through which all order, an alert, informed citizenry is of para will live in continual alarm. Our valued persons in industry participate at all levels mount importance. We, the people, must freedom and security will be mocking illu in working out their mutual problems. Our be aware of the power we can wield. We sions. And we can expect with certainty a fabulous wartime production is an amazing must acknowledge that we -are responsible, catastrophic third world war. · proof of the effect of unity and cooperation. each to all, and all to each. This responsi Events of the past years have made the If capital and labor united to preserve the bility is to be exercised carefully. The most arguments for or against internationalism ideal of freedom and equality, surely they obvious means of doing this is to vote and largely academic. International organiza can do the same to make freedom and equal vote intelligently. To do this, we must scan tion is no utopian speculation, but a vital ity real in our economic life. the records of all who seek public office. issue on which our lives and the existence of It has been well said that we must rid our If they do not measure.up to the tasks con our civilization depend. As the Catholic · selves of the belief that labor is an inert, fronting them, they must be rejected with bishops so clearly pointed out in November impersonal commodity, and meet labor's de-· out compunction. We must choose men of of 1944: "There is an international com mand for recognition . as human beings. vision and' imagination; men of solid Chris.. munity of nations. God Himself has made Fourteen years ago, Pius XI gave expression tion convictions; men of straight and steady the nations interdependent for their full life to this desire of labor: "In the present state judgment. These are extraordinarily high and growth. It is not, therefore, a ques of human society * • • We deem it ad ideals of political leadership; but, for a tion of creating an international community visable that the wage contract should, when . democracy, the quality o! le~rship is a but of organizing it." I consider it manda question ~ life and death. And let us not tory for us to support the organization set possible, be modified somewhat by a contract think that our job as citizens .is finished of partnership, as is already being tried in up in San Francisco and to cease vicious crit after we have voted. Being a citizen of a icism of it. If it contains imperfections, then various ways to the no small gain both of the democracy is an every day job, for all the wage earners and of the employers. In this let us work to eliminate them. But, for the year. we; the people, are the Government · preservation of civilization and Christian way, _wage earners are made sharers in some every day, not only on the days we mark sort in the ownership, or the m·anagement, or values, let us accept this organization, and our ballots. This means that all of us, with work with all other nations, for the erection the profits." our elected representatives, are partners in These are some of the things necessary for of a world a man can live in. a jo~nt venture for the common good. the erection of a world a man can live in. If ever a lesson was taught in galling and They are based upon the conviction that the Strangely enough, there are people who bitter experience, it is the lesson of unity, industrial might of America must serve the oppose any such change in the· existing so the unity of all people and of all nations. peop:e. Business must develop a social con cial order. These are the men who fight The future peace cannot endure, unless the sciousness and be aware of its community fiercely for the status quo; which, by now, unity of mankind is recognized. Pius XII responsibilities. Industry does not exist in should be an object of curiosity for anti· has said: "On the recognition of this prin quarians. Every measure of social enlighten a vacuum; on the contrary, it has marked ciple hangs the future of t~e peace. No and often terrible influence upon au of. us. ment makes them quiver with fear. And world reform, no peace gu3.rantee can ab These proposals are a call to business to they warn us of the imminent threat of com· stract from it without being weakened and abandon the theory that bnsiness is an abso munism. But I have always believed that without being untrue to itself." For inter lute, without relation to anything else. They America need never fear communism. For national order, the Pope insists upon a vivid are an invitation to business to participate communism is no danger in a society where and practical realization of human brother 1n the expansion of democracy, and to assist justice and charity prevail. Communism 1s hood: ""' • • there is only one way of in establishing that economic security with no threat in a decent and humane economic getting out of the meshes in which war and out which democracy will surely die. A pri structure. If we work indefatigably to bring hate have wrapped the world; namely, a vate enterprise that disregards public wel about a Christian economy in accordance return to the solidarity, too long fo:-gotten, fare cannot endure. ~lth the magnificeAt ~eachings of the Popes, a solidarity not restricted to these or those • 6796 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE peoples, but universal, founded on the inti church lie fallow, unused, perhaps, even un 440 acres of land. He is farming with an mate connection of their destiny and rights read, while others, more energetic and more old tractor of the vintage of 1928 and is w01'n • • "'." This is a splendid restatement prepared, apply truncated or even vicious out. He has been trying for 2 years to get of very Christian concepts: the union of all social remedies. It is only through the full another, but without success. Last year he men under the fatherhood of God. and in social teaching of the church, and the ac applied to the board for a permit and got one, the brotherhood of Jesus Christ. All men tion of her priests and bishops, that the but no tractor. The harvest will be coming are brothers; because they can trace their church's social doctrine can leaven the on in a few weeks and he feels that his old ancestry to God, the same 6804 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 27 rule, I give him warning now that the Power of the threatened march is what Washington all in a day, the President filibuster will start. This is merely a brought about the signing and issuance signed, under force, under threat, Order prelude, if you please. of Executive Order 8802 on June 25,-1941. No. 8802, to satisfy and pacify and to Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President, will the Mr.-HATCH. Mr.· President, will the stop this insistent minority- that pro Senator yield to me now? -Senator yield? _ posed to do by force what they had Mr. BILBO. I will not yield; I am Mr. BILBO.- I .will ask the Senator to been unable to do through regular legis busy. · wait until I get through, and I will yield lative channels in a free government. This thing they call the FEPC was · to him then. The article continues: Mr. President, that was the birth of born in sin and brought forth in iniquity. There are, however, definite limitations on · the movement. Later they insisted that Some Senators possibly do not know the this power. the President go further, and he issued history of it, and I have a suspicion a second order. I have· forgotten the indeed, I have a faith-that if the think Mr. HATCH. Mr. President-- number of it, but the effect was the same. ing people of America knew how this Mr. BILBO .- I trust the Senator,will It is under this set-up, under these two miserable concoction was brought about not insist. I have the floor. I very Executive orders, that the FEPC has been they would rise up and say, "Kill the courteously refused -to yield. When I operating. snake, and kill it now.'' get through I will yield. So I shall ask Mr. President, I wish to read an edi I am reading from a new book, the the Senator just to be quiet until I get torial from the News and Courier of title of which is "What the Negro through, I read further: Charleston, S. C., which gives one excuse Wants." It is edited by Rayford W. There are, however, definite limitations on for the FEPC: Logan, who is a gentleman of color, and its power. Restrictions on travel have nul . For the passage by Congress of a bill per the contributors to this book are Mary lified it for the duration of the war and will petuating the FEPC, at least one argument McLeod Bethune, Sterling A. Brown, probably curtail it in the crucial period . can be advanced. It would make the issue W. -E. Burghardt Du Bois, Gordon B. when the European peace conference is held. plain. Were the bill to become law and at Housing conditbns in Washington and in Hancock, Leslie Pinckney Hill, Langston many other "boom" cities during these same tempt to enforce it were made, it would and Hughes, Rayford W. Logan, Frederick D. it should be disobeyed and resisted in the . periods further restrict the number who -South. The South should put those who _Patterson, A. Philip Randolph-do not would "march." Even under the best con forget that name-George S. Schuyler, would enforce it on notice that they would ditions, the march can be used only oc need simd an army of coercion -to occupy the WillardS. Townsend, Charles H. Wesley, casionally unless such a small number par South-even as armies are this day occupy Doxey A. Wilkerson, and Roy Wilkins ticipate as to make the march appear to be a bluff. Constant vigilance would have to be ing Germany. the worst of them all. The proponents of the measure would as I find in the book, on page 16, where exercised against agents, provocateurs, or out- ~ side hoodlums determined to create disorder well understand that the right of a textile the true story of the rigin of the FEPC or a riot. I definitely favor the March-on corporation, of a newspaper corporation, a is set forth. Washington or on other cities only as a rare, bank, or any other corporation or employer, Mr. CHANDLER. Mr. President, if dramatic, powerful weapon which should be to discriminate between races will be upheld the Senator from Mississippi will yield, used only when all other methOds have failed. by force, in the South, if neces.Sary, that how many pages_are there in the book? nothing short of military coercion will pre In other words, A. Philip Randolph, vent the South from nullifying an ~C bill Mr. BILBO. For the Senator's infor president of the Pullman Car Porters if it shall become a law. mation, I will say there are 352 pages, Union, along · with ._ his confederates, The FEPC bill is a preliminary step toward but I shall read only one of them now. with the aid and assistance of the compelled racial amalgamation, and the News Mr. CHANDLER. Is the Senator- on and Courier is convinced that the overwhelm page 16? .NAACP- ing majority of northern white people are Mr. BILBO. I am about to read from Mr. President, a note has just been opposed to it. It is convinced that the ra . page 16. handed me by the Senator from New tional leaders of colored people in the South Mr. TYDINGS. - Mr. President, if the Mexico, and I will just have to yield to are also opposed to it. Senator will yield, I understand there him. [Laughter .J If another reconstruction is to be at LEAVE OF ABSENCE tempted in the South, the sooner that the are 16 volumes in the set, and the Sena . issue shall be understood, the better for the tor is reading from only one volume. Is Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, on ac American people. Passage of the FEPC bill that correct? · count of previous engagements, I ask by Congrea& would uncover the designs of Mr. BILBO. That is correct. unanimous consent that I may be ex . the politicians who would sell out the white Mr. PresidEmt, if you want to know cused from attending sessions of the Sen 1"ace for the Negro vote in a dozen great how this thing was brought about in ate today and tomorrow, and until I · American cities. · American life, listen to this Negro by the return sometime on Friday. · If we abstract and taRe away from name of Logan, who edits this book: The PRESIDING OFFICER. With the FEPC issue its value as a vote-getting In recent years some Negroes have adapted out objection, the leave is granted. proposition, there will not be enough · an old American technique for the solution · of the problem, namely, the march on Wash- Mr. HATCH. I thank the Senator . votes for this bill in the Congress _to con ington. from Mississippi. duct a funeral. Since- Mr. BILBO. It was a pleasure. One Mr. President, I am· not filibustering, vote gone. [Laughter.] · . but I intend to if the motion is. made to Listen to this-this is Logan talking A. Philip Randolph, with the aid and suspend the rule. Since I sat with Mr. A. Philip .Randolph assistance of the NAACP, under the ad With reference- to filibust~ring, I do and Mr. Eugene Davidson in the all-day con ministration of Walter White, had or ference with Mayor LaGuardia, of:--New York, not think it is so bad, after all. I re and Mr. Aubrey Williams- ganized 200,000 Negroes, and had an ceived the following=telegram from New nounced they. were going to march on York: Members of the Senate have heard of Washington, and remain here until they JUNE 22, 1945. ·him,, I believe- ·had obtained what they wanted. In Senator THEODORE G. BILBo: that culminated in the President's ~ecutive those days we were preparing for war; Organized newspaper men and ~omen- Order 8802 of June 25, 1941, I can bespeak the we were busy, and the President did not power- ! ho~ the boys in the Press Gallery want any such tragedy to happen in the are not organized- Listen- city of Washington. He knew it meant Organized newspaper men and women ob I can bespeak the power a riot, he knew it meant trouble, he knew . ject to any attempt to filibuster FEPC meas Power of what?- it meant bloodshed. All day long Eu ure. Certain all advocates of democracy gene Davidson, Randolph, Aubrey Wil agree such technique strikes at the heart of the power of a threatened march. liams, and LaGuardia, wrestled with the Amer-ican traditions. What march? A march on Wash .. President, and they finally persuaded JOHN F. RYAN, ington. him, and under this threat, as this Negro General Organizer, Newspaper Gui ld. Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, will the said, of the march on Washington and of New York. · ·senator yield for a moment? · the disastrous results and consequences Well, I ain not going to step on any Mr. BILBO. No. of 200,000 Negroes being' th_rown · into body's toes in the newspaper world-un-· 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE . 6805 less they are organized. This is what I York State when they are faced with two In your letter you make. the following state wired in reply: regiments or two armies-one represent ment: "We had thought for some time there was widespread misunderstanding of the General Organizer John F. Ryan. ing the State of New York and the other representing the Federal Government, if provisions of this bill." You never uttered I could not tell whether he was· white a greater trutll than you have in these words. Congress were to pass FEPC legislation? If the American people-North, South, East, or black. I just called him organizer. I wonder what will happen to the people and West-really understood the provisions Your audacious telegram of June 22 was re of that State when military units are au of the so-called FEPC bill, there would be a ceived today and I note your observations on thorized to go into every man's private Nation-wide revolution against its perpetua the right of a Senator to filibuster against business in New York to see if he has tion. rotten and communistic proposed legislation. You or someone for you have drafted a The :r;ight, righteousness, and privilege of a hired a certain Jew. to see if he has hired petition that contains more misinforma Senator to speak without limit against vi a certain Negro, or a certain Pole, or a tion-or shall I say downright misrepresen cious, un-American, and unconstitutional certain Italian, or a certain Catholic, or tations-erroneous conclusions, and mis legislative monstrosities like the FEPC are a certain someone else. chievous impressions than I have seen in any honored with greater age than either you or Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina. one document in a lifetime. I am sure that any of your Newspaper Guild members. I Does not the Senator believe that we persons of really intelligent, informed, and know I am a better Democrat than any mem should permit the ·states which already analytical minds would not have signed this ber of your organization. I do not have to petition because it is wholly fraudulent on prove it. I admit it. I am fighting for and have passed a law dealing with the sub its face. ' in behalf of true American democracy, Amer ject to try it out and see how it works I note with special interest the incomplete ican freedom, and the American way of life, with them before we try to enact a na list of national groups supporting the so all of which is denied in the damnable F'EPC tional law? called permanent Fair Employment Practice proposed legislation.' The ·legislative history Mr. BILBO. Precisely. Commission. The names of these groups un• of the American Senate shows that every suc A few days ago I placed in the CoN questionably reveal the two outstanding cessful filibuster has in after years proved groups of American citizens who are urging the wisdom and virtue of the right of filibus GRESSIONAL RECORD a petition signed by the passage of this most communistic legis tering. When you question the technique members of the barof the State of Massa lative monstrosity ever presented to the Con of so-called filibustering and charge that it chusetts begging the Legislature of Mass gress. Of course, there are many good, well strikes at the heart of American traditions achusetts to withhold any action until meaning citizens who are members of the ·you lay yourself wide open to the indictment it was seen how the law would work in - organizations that you list, but those who that you neither know nor understand any the State of New York. I understand the control the policies of these minqrity groups thing about American traditions. are totally and wholly unmindful of the defi Legislature of Massachusetts did not pass nite provisions of the Constitution of the I want all to hear this: the proposed measure. If I am wrong I United States, the rights of the American Let me tell you and your organization that wish someone would correct me. people, and in general the American way of if these pinkish, communistic, off-brand, Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina. I life. minority. pressure groups keeps · on trying to believe the Senator feels as I do. The You state in your petition: "Today two force their foolish, un-American and uncon Senator resents, as I do; someone 3,000 - schools of thought are in conflict: Democracy stitutional conceptions upon free America with its philosophy of individual rights and miles away from the South or frpm our dignity; fascism, with its ideology of force you will eventually arouse the wrath of the State telling us how to conduct the af great majority of liberty-loving free Ameri built on discrimination against racial and cans to such a point that they will figurative fairs of our State. religious minorities." ly liquidate t.he whole miserable and con Mr. BILBO. I certainly believe in lo 'The whole conception of the proposed glomerate gang or gangs. Yours for good old cal self-government, and the less gov~ FEPC legislation is most certainly in viola America in the same good old way. ernment we have on the banks of the tion of the American doctrine of indiv ~ dual THEO. G. BILBO, rights and dig_nity. The whole scheme of this Potomac the happier and better the communistic conception of government is to United States Senator. people of this country will be. We have use force instead of education, training, and Mr. President, I wish to repeat what is too much of it,. anyway. culture to attain the evident ends and pur in that . telegram. If these minorities The other day I received a telegram poses of the sponsors of this un-American and which are. coming to the Congress with from the State of Georgia signed by a lot unconstitutional legislative monstrosity. of Negroes and white Quislings of that This legislation is entirely foreign to the . all sorts of communistic, foolish, absurd, principles of American democracy and philos unconstitutional, and un-American great State in the South. I replied to it. ophy of the dual system of our great scheme propositions, in what they call a New I shall not take the time of the Senate of constitutional government. This proposed Deal or a New Order, or whatever they to read what I said to them. on that occa legislation is a studied and planned scheme -want to ,call it. continue their present sion, but I ask that·it may be printed at of the communistic minds of this country to activ1ties, by-and-by the American peo this point in the RECORD as a part of my drive the entering wedge that will eventually . split and destroy the unity that should ob ple, the great rank and file of the think remarks. tain in every part of our country and with ing, stable, and reliable American peo There being no objection, the letter our American people regardless of race, color, ple, are going to become fed up on it, was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, creed, or national origin. there will be a revolution in this country, as follows: I did not mean to refer in this statement and the people will put this bunch out of UNITED STATES SENATE, to our late lamented President Roosevelt business. For a while we had govern June 19, 1945. who issued his directive No. 8802 under the ment by bureaus-a bureaucratic gover'n Rev. WILLIAM HOLMES BORDERS, threat and force cf the "On to Washington movement" of 200,000 Negroes who. under ment . . Now an effort is being made to Dr. M. ASHBY JoNES, and the leadership of A. Phillip Randolph, threat have a government by minorities. ARMAND MAY, ened to overrun Washington in the midst of Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina. Atlanta; Ga. our war preparation with these 200,000 . Mr. President, will the Senator yield? DEAR GEORGIANS: Your letter Of June 19, Negroes. The President .had to do some Mr. BILBO. I yield. enclosing an alleged petition from the citi-. thing to avert this tragic scene and disrup zens of the State of Qeorgia addressed to the tion at the time. Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina. Members of the Congress of the United States Does not the Senator from Mississippi The purposes and results of the FEPC will and a list of the national groups supporting be discontent, dissatisfaction, and innumer believe that the States themselves can a permanent Fair Employment Practice Com able race conflicts not alone in the South but handle this problem? missio.n, was received today. in every community and State of our Nation. Mr. BILBO. Certainly I do. Governor I note that you state that your petition The principles of equality, justice, fair deal Dewey and the Legislature of New York was circulated for a period of only 4 days, but ings, and guaranty of the rights of the indi think they can handle it, because the leg it is strange and mystifying that you did vidual citizen regardless of race, creed, color, islature has already passed a very strong not give the address of any petitioner; so it religion, or national origin must be brought FEPC law. The State of New Jersey has is natural to presume that the great majority about by the processes of education, training, of these petitioners, representing Negroes, and culture. also passed one. The telegram of op quislings of the white race, and other racial Many of the sponsors of this "damnphool" position which I just read comes from minorities hail from the city of Atlanta, the legislation have been led to believe that by the great State o-f New York, which al hotbed of southern Negro intelligentsia, Com-· its enforcement they will break down the so ready has an FEPC law. I wonder what munists, pinks, Reds, and other off-brands of cial, cultural, and color lines that are nat will happen to t'he poor people of New American citizenship in the South. urally drawn because of the traits, creeds, 6806 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 27 peculiarities, and nationalities of our cos~ Hall Forum in Detroit, the Institute of into my home and to associate with my mopolitan population. These wild pink-:eyetl International Relations, Columbus, Ohio, family, or marry my daughter, or go to liberals or socialistic dreamers, knowing that the Community Church in New York, school with my children. I do not mean by nature water and oil will not mix, pro~ pose by force and through an act of Congress and in several other places. I am not that. But he has his rights. And while to do the impossible. going to reply to this speech now, but Governor of Mississippi for 8 years, when The intelligentsia of the Negro race be it was delivered in the interest of the I found that there had been a miscar lieves that through the FEPC they will has FEPC. I am saving that for the fili riage of justice against the poor Negro ten the day of destroying the color line and buster-do ·Senators understand? I did not hesitate to release him from the bring about social equality between the white The next day, after I had made some penitentiary or save his neck by executive man and the black man by which the wise observations on the petition sent from order. ones hope eventually, by the process of mis Georgia, a certain lady in this country, We cannot very well permit at home con-' cegenation and mongrelization, to destroy ditions which would curtail, or make more both the white and black races . . who writes an article in the Washington Daily News under the head of My Day, difficult, that freedom from want which is No good citizen wants to deny equal and one of the basic freedoms that must exist exact justice to any citizen because of race, proceeded to rush to the defense of these side by side with political and religious free creed, color, religion, or national origin. folks down in Georgia. Let me read to dom. Neither does a good c:tizen want to rob the Senate what she said: other citizens of an equal opportunity to live HYDE PARK, Sunday.-! have just received The minute Mrs. Roosevelt read my and to make a living for themselves and their from Georgia a copy of a petition which attack on the people of Georgia, she said loved ones, but when the unthinking and un some citizens of that State have sent to they were great people, wonderful peo informed minority leaders think that by a Members of Congress, urging enactment of ple, outstanding people. mere act of the Congress they can rob free the Fair Employment Practice Commission Let me read something from Georgia. American citizens of the right to employ bill. I have heard from Georgia again. This such labor as best suits their businesses and "Establishment of a permanent Fair Em is from Atlanta: their environments and their customers, we ployment Practice Commission is supported have forgotten the American ideals and ways DEAR SENATOR: Congratulations on your ref by some sixty-odd national organizations," erence to Atlanta's Communist in today's and adopted the communistic concepts of the petition states. "Both the Republican totally un-American and foreign ideologies. Atlanta Journal; you are quite right. I hope Party and the Democratic Party are com you fight this iniquity and urge others to· You do the Democratic Party a great· in mitted to such legislation by their party justice when you charge that in its platform platforms"- do so. of 1944 it pledged the support of the party The signers of that petition are Negroes, to a permanent Fair Employment Practice Many Senators believe that Mrs. negrophiles, and a cheap grade of Communist. Roosevelt is intelligent, but here she is Committee or Commission. There is not one Let me repeat that because I want my word in the Democratic platform of 1944 that making that kind of a statement in the would justify any such unreasonable conclu public press, and I defy any man to take friend from North Dakota [Mr. LANGER] sion. the Democratic Party platform and find to hear it: . The right-thinking people of the United where, in one line, we endorsed the FEPC. The signers of that petition are Negroes, States everywhere, as they begin to under negrophiles, and a cheap grade of Communist. stand the meaning of the FEPC legislation Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President-- and its invasion of the individual rights of Mr. BILBO. I ask the Senator to keep He names them in that order. the American citizen and American business his seat. I am not ready for him yet. I name. them in the order of their im man, are now registering their opposition to "by their party platforms, as well as by the portance. The reason they did not give ad this fantastic and communistic un-American fact that the Presidential nominees of both dresses it would have indicated who the and unconstitutional ideology. parties promised support to this legisla sig:1.ers were and would have exposed some A few States have been driven by threats tion in the last national campaign." forgetl or fake names. and intimidation of pinkish minorities to en act laws along these un-American lines but That might be true. A man on the I received the following letter in refer I think I am safe in saying that in the fields hustings running for office and trying to ence to a telegram which was sent to of trial these States will regret and repent secure votes is likely to say anything. I me: of their error and gradually drift back to have been a candidate myself. L3.st night you were sent a telegram per the good old free American way of life. "We are approaching the end of our mili taining to the FEPC. Here are the names, Speaking for myself, I will leave nothing tary war. Events are moving swiftly." addresses, and phone numbers of the men undone this side of heaven or hell to defeat who came to my office to send the message this damnable legislative scheme. She is quoting from the petition. to you. Yours truly, Then she proceeds at length to try to THEO G. BILBO. This letter is from one of the outstand defend the stand taken in the petition: ing lawyers of Atlanta. He gives a list Mr. BILBO. Mr. President, the peti The petition is signed by many of the finest of approximately 40 names, with the ad tion from Georgia was signed, among and most progressive white citizens of dresses and telephone numbers. But in others, by Lillian Smith. Have Senators Georgia, as well as by many highly respected colored citizens. Mass meetings have been connection with the list of signatures to ever heard of her? She is the author held in favor of the enactment of this lE:gis the petition about which I spoke, and of the book entitled "Strange Fruit." If lation in both Washington and New York, which Mrs. Roosevelt is trying to defend, Senators have not read that book I hope and, I imagine, in other places. no addresses were given. We all know to God they never will. It is one of the A little mass meeting was held in how that petition was drawn up. I find dirtiest pieces of literature that has ever Lillian Smith's name on it, but her ad been printed and circulated. It is so Washington the other night. Walter White came down from New York, and dress is not given. Her address is Clay rotten that even the city of Boston drove ten, Ga. it out. 1;3oston would not have it. he succeeded in having .a few offcolors come and they held a meeting. The minute I tried to show the char There are words and pen pictures in acter of the petitioners and the motives that book that are enough to corrupt From our domestic point of view, I think behind the petition from Georgia, my American minds. It is not surprising it ·is of great importance to us that we estab lish once and for all the principle that there good friend Mrs. Roosevelt rushed into that the colored ladies and gentlemen shall be no discrimination in economic oppor public print to defend them, and say rush to the bookstores to buy Lillian tunity among our citizens. It is not only that they were the cream of the crop. Smith's Strange Fruit, because the theme the colored people who are concerned. We No family in the history of America of the book is the glorification of a love have many -other minority groups who have has had more honors bestowed upon it affair between a white man and a Negro felt the pressure of discrimination when it than the family of Franklin D. Roose woman. came to the question of employment. We have fought a war to establish the dignity velt. No man in American history de Last night I received through the mail of the individual-his freedom and his equal serves more honor than Franklin D. copy of a speech entitled "The White rights as a human being. Roosevelt himself, and there has been Christian and His Conscience," by Lil Mr. President, I agree with most of no stronger Roosevelt admirer or . sup lian Smith. I notice that the speech has those statements. But wl~en I say that porter than the speaker on this occasion. been delivered-and one can tell what I believe in the Negro having his rights But I had hoped that when Mrs. Roose it is by where it was delivered-at Ford I do not mean that it is his right to walk velt, the wife of this great and good man, 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 6807 had returned to the quiet shades o.f the men and women of both part\es. Unfortu- of the human race"; "the physical and bio ancestral home on the historic Hudson, . nately they are unorganized, but they total logical unification of mankind"; "the neces millions. If he will do this he will draw sity for the merging of the races in the United she would be perfectly willing, after more unto himself millions, and he will not have States." than 12 years of full and active life, try to worry abou~ reel~ction. He will reenter At a gathering of business people the other ing in her way to run the Government, to the White House with thirty-odd million evening mention was made of the Negro peti call it a day and leave it to others to votes. tion sent you. One executive of a business carry on. I had hoped that she would A very good friend of yours who was with firm here stated that he could find 7,{)00 op cancel her contract for My Day and me here recently, gave me the good report ponents to FEPC in less time than Ashby 'that you had entirely regained your full Jones et al., got their 700 signers, but that keep her proboscis out of controversial strength and health. I was mighty glad to they, like him, hesitated to have their names questions which Members of Congress hear it. You are needed to battle for Amer published because of fear of recriminations are trying to settle in the interest of their ica in this very critical hour. and labor trouble. AU those present ex c:onstituents and for the welfare of the My best wishes go out to you. pressed apprehension over the snooping of Nation as a whole. Negro organizations and white radicals in Here is a letter from a good woman. thei: efforts to ascertain the attitudes of em In this connection I have another It is on the letterhead of the Henry ployers and record in their black book the thought. If this good woman had given Grady Hotel, Atlanta: · names of those who oppose their philosophy one-half the attention to rearing and di MY DEAR MR. BILBO: I know that I am and schemes. recting the lives and affairs of her own echoing the feelings of thousands of south It seems to me that our democracy has suf brood that she has given to trying to erners when I express my unbounded thanks fered a severe blow when the threats of a force recognition and social equality of for your stand against the FEPC and for your powerful minority group can stifle the free the American Negro, she would not today courage to reply as you did to the leaders of dom of expression of another group. I know be embarrassed with headline stories the recent petition sent you from this city. that thousands of your fellow southerners Lillian Smith- support you in your fight to prevent the about some of her offspring. passage of the unfair employment_ practices That is enough about the lady from She knows her. legislation. Thank you and more power to Hyde Park for the present. Lillian Smith, Ashby Jones- you. I wish to read a letter from Georgia. A defunct ex-Baptist preacher- Now I read a letter from Atlanta, Ga.: I shall not give the names of the writers and their coworkers have openly declared ATLANTA, GA., June 23, 1945. of these letters, because I have not had their fight "to the death" against all segre Senator BILBo of Mississippi, time to communicate with them and ob gation of the races and have stated that the Washington, D. C. tain their permission to use their names. only solution of the race problem lies in the DEAR SENATOR: I want to congratulate you I do not care to put their names in the dissolution of one race into the other. on your stand against M. Ashby Jones, Wil CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Without the per liam Borders, and Armand May, of Atlanta, Let me digress at this point to say that because they certainly do not represent the mission of the writers. This writer the sum and substance of the hope, states, as follows: people generally of Atlanta. Jones quit as a prayer, and desire of every one of the Baptist minister, and has been working for The white people of Atlanta and all Georgia 18 spokesmen for the Negro race in the the Negroes, Jews, and Catholics with the should be, and I'm sure they are, most United States led by Dr. Boas as appears ·general belief prevailing. he is being paid by thankful that you put your finger on the from the book, What the Negro Wants, the Rosenwald fund; so I have no confidence sore spot of disunity-Atlanta. Your state in anything he says. ment as reported by AP and carried in At is social equality and intermarriage of lanta papers was timely and correct. the races. There are 19 States in Amer I do not know about that; I am just For many months we have been bedeviled ica which do not prohibit the marriage reading the letter. It continues as fol ·with nagging editorials-pseudo uplifters of Negroes and whites. The District of lows: slanted radio commentators, and what not. Columbia is also in th,_at category. Any The Lord would not have made the Negroes All G~orgia is just as sick and tired of being -one who has no more regard for the black and other race white if He had intended driven around like dumb cattle as I am integrity of the white race than to en them to be equal socially, so all attempts to sure you in Washington must be. courage, permit, or insist upon inter equalize the races socially is directly against Newsstands are loaded with pro-Negro divine intentions and nature in my opinion. propaganda. Churchmen have been roped marriage of the races ought to be liqui in on the deal to soften the South and, just dated, deported, or put .out of bl,lsiness I have just finished reading-and I rec ·as you say, every variety of propink radical in some way. ommend it to the scholars and students imaginable seems to feel that we are ready . I continue reading from the letter: of the Senate-a book by Dr. W. E. B. to turn over southern tradition to the slick Their battle cry is miscegenation, and DuBois. The title .is "Color and Democ schemers for a brown America. four times within recent months I have seen racy." The writing of the book was fin It is the hope of this writer that you will in their papers the following quotation from continue to be the fearless foe of deviltry ished on the 1st day of January 1945. In an article by one D. G. Croly, who coined the the book Dr. DuBois takes the position that you have always been; that you will words: "All that is needed to make us the keep on exposing the malefactors of the finest race on earth is to engraft upon our that all the work which has been done FEPC and its allies, to the end that we may stock the Negro element which Providence"- at San Francisco is null and void, and some day have peace and harmony, and not that we are headed for another war, and civil war when our boys come home. And all the time I thought it was the that the next war will be a race war. He Here is another letter, just received this slave traders- says it will not be long in coming. He morning. I am almost tempted to give "has placed by our Side on this continent. We says that the way in which the colonials the name of the writer, but I shall not must become yellow-skinned, black-haired of all the empires and countries of the people if we would obtain the fullest results world will be treated under the San Fran do so: of civilization." JUNE 25, 1945. cisco Charter is such that there will be Hon. THEODOI!E G. BILEO, That is the dream of most of the Ne dissatisfaction and unrest and a rebellion United States Senate, gro intelligentsia-not all of them, thank of the colored people of all the nations Washington, D. C. God. of all the earth against the white man MY DEAR SENATOR: Please permit me to and his rule. congratulate you on possessing that fine type Lillian Smith was a student at Colum of Americanism enabling you to write such a bia University, and fell under the tutelage Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President, will the clear and convincing letter to a committee of of that distinguished anthropologist, Dr. Senator yield to me now? local citizens (blacks, white, and radicals), Boas, a German Jew, from Germany, Mr. BILBO. Not yet. I am just getting who asked you to assist in putting over the who thought that interbreeding of the started, and I do not want to be bothered. F-EPC bill. The men with your courage are whites and blacks was the proper solu Dr. DuBois says in his book that there all too few. What will become of our be tion of the race question. The Senator is no question that there will be a race loved country if it is to be administered in war. He tells how it will come .about. the interest of minorities? Minorities h ave from North Dakota did not fall under his their rights, but the right to rule is hot in teachings: I am sure of that. He says that the San Francisco Charter cluded. I read further from the letter: does not do anything about it because it Please urge our good Pres:dent to admin In an address last week, one of the speakers does not give recognition or any hope to ister the United States of America in the in for FEPC used these phrases, which I was the colonials or to the minorities within terest of the great majority, that is the good able to take down: "The organic universality the free countries, including the United 6808 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 27 States. Therefore, he says, they are un I h~ve just had lunch with a leading citi cessful conduct of our national defense pro der his leadership, ready to be led into zen who holds the same view I have and duction effort. I do hereby reaffirm t he policy an all-out W . ' 6810 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD-SENATE JUNE 27 He proceeded to discharge the white Field .operations Budget and Administration Christian gentiles and keep the Negroes and the Jews on the job. When he was Incumbent Title Race Sal Sal· ary Incumbent Title Race ary accosted with regard to what he had -----·--1---'------done he replied, "I do not want to get Maslow, WilL _____ Chief.. ______White ___ $6,500 Jones, Theodore.... Chief..______Colored. $5,600 mixed up in the toils of the law by hav Mitchell, Clarence__ Principal fair· Colored. 5, 600 Jeter, Sinclair .••••. Assistant ad- .•. do _____ 3,200 ing to fight with the FEPC. The first practice ex- m inistrative aminer. officer. Negro woman I let out I will be charged Davidson, Eugene. . _____ do._------.•. do .. __ 5, 600 Baker, Vivian D ••• Olerk-stenogra- .•. do _____ 2,000 with letting her out because of her color. Beall, W. Hayes____ Senior fair-prac· White... 4, 600 pher. ticc examiner. Jackson, Bosales A. Clerk-typist. •••. ___ do _____ 1, 620 If I discharged a Jewish woman, I shall Mercer,Inez. ______Fair-practiceex- ••. do ____ 3,800 Paynter, Minnie A ...... do ______.•. do..... 1, 620 be charged with discharging her because aminer. Hollomon, Irving... Clerk .. ------___ do _____ 1, 440 Rogers, Eleanor.... Olerk-sten og- Colored. 1, 800 Selby, Ralph R .... Chief, fiscal. ____ ... do _____ 2,600 sh~ is a Jewess. I will not take any rapber. Ross, Sylvia B ••••• Voncherauditor. ___ do _____ 2, 000 chances. I will discharge the white Saito, Otome ••••••• _____ do ______J a p a· 1, 800 Nelson, Otelia______Accounting clerk .•. do_____ 1, 620 nese· Carpenter, Eliza- _____ do ______••• do_____ 1, 620 gentile Christians and keep the Jews and Amer- beth. . the Negroes." · ican. Brent, Pearl T ----- _____ do ______do _____ 1, 620 Thompson, Mildred _____ do. ___ ------Colored. 1, 800 Mr. President, that will take place Cornick, Emma____ •••.• do._------___ do .• __ 1, 620 all over the country because the aver That is the outfit, composed of 11 age businessman does not want to. be So in the set-up in the Division of Field Negroes, ·which not only makes up the come involved with the law. It is true Operations, there are nine people, five budget for financing this aggregation, that the present committee does not have Negroes, one Japanese-American, and but seems to have the power of admin any power to enforce pains or penalties. three others, two of whom have records istration. I hope all Senators will read They cannot put anyone in jail. But the of affiliation with Communist-front or this list to their white businessmen con:.. organization goes all over the country ganizations according to the reports of stituents at home when they return and and finds the conditions about which the Dies committee. That is the state ask for renomination and reelection. they report. They threaten people and ment made by Mr. RANKIN in giving this The whole caboodle in the Budget and intimidate them. One of the penalties list. Administration Divisions are colored. is to send the names to the President. Now let us take a look at the Review I now come to the Mail and Files Di- The business people are led to believe and Analysis Division. It is made up as vision: that the word will be passed down to the follows: ' Mail and files War Production .Board, and a process of Review and Analysis Division what might properly be called sanctions, Sal- , Incumbent Title Race ary such as the denial of priorities, will be Sal put into effect, and in that way the Incumbent 'Iitle Race ary business interests of the country will be ------1------Douglas, Lela______Chief, Mail and Colored. $2,000 Davis, John A ...... Chief______Colored. $5,600 Files. crucified. I want the American people to Welch, Selena ______Docket clerk ____ ...do _____ 1,800 Lawson, Marjorie •. Research ana· .•• do ..... 3, 800 Gamble, Jessie _____ File clerk ______...do _____ 1, 620 know that the present FEPC has not any lyst. . Phillips, Rose ...... do ______...do _____ 1,440 G?lightly, Cornel· 0 om pI ian c e .•• do_____ 3, 200 Reed, Charles ______Messenger ______do _____ J,380 authority. . ms. analyst. Hemphill, India...... do ______... do..... 2, 600 Mitchell, Re~tina ___ File clerk ______•.•do ..••• 1,440 By the way, we are indebted to Rep Ooan, Carol. ______..... do______White... 2, 600 resentative RANKIN, of Mississippi, who Davis, Joy P ______..... do______Colored. 2, 600 has given us a picture of the set-up we Hoffman, Celia..... Olerk-stenog· White... 1, 800 In that list there are six and they are rapher. all colored. We next come to the regional are talking about. Let us see who they Spaulding, Joan ____ ..... do______Colored. 1, 800 office, New York. This is where business are. This is authentic; it came from of is going to pick up shortly: ficial records of the Committee on Fair It will be noted· that office consists of Employment Practice here in the city of six Negroes and two whites, one of whom Regional office, New York Washington. Who are they? This is is named Carol Coan, and the other Celia Sal- · the committee: Hoffman, a white stenographer who re Incumbent Title Race ary COMMITTEE ON FAIR EMPLOYMENT PRACTICE, ceives the lowest salary on the list. ------!------I WASHINGTON, D. C. Now let us look at the Legal Division: Lawson, Edward Regional direc- Colored. $5, 600 Legal' Division H. tor. Office of the Chairman Jones, Madison S ••. Fair-practice ...do _____ 3,800 examiner. Sal Incumbent Titlo Race Salary Incumbent Title Race Jones, Robert G ...... do ...• ______...do..... 3, 800 ary Donovan, Daniel R ...... do...... White... 3, 800 Irish, Miriam ______Olerk-stenog- Colored. 2,000 Ross, Malcolm _____ Chairman ______White___ $8,000 rapher. Reeves, Frank D .•. Attorney------Colored. $4,600 Asepha, Tillie. _____ .....do. ______White___ 1, 620 Johnson, George M. Deputy Ohair- Colored. 8, 000 Stickgold, Simon ...... do______White... 4, 600 man. Schwartz, Sonia .••• _____ do. ______! ..do ••••. 1, 620 Hubbard, Maceo... Hearings exam- ••. do_____ 5, 600 iner. If there is anything in names, I would Bloch, EmanueL •. _____ do______White... 5. 600 be rather afraid of that fellow, Simon That is the New York organization Cooper, Evelyn_.!. _____ do ______•.. do_____ 5, 600 Stickgold. that is going to vie and compete with Berking, Max._____ Assistant .to ___ do _____ 3, 800 Governor Dewey's new set-up on the 1st Chairman. Gordon, Jernevive, clerk-stenographer, Alexander, Dorothy_ Secre.tary to Colored. 2, 600 colored, $1,800. day of July in the great State of New Chairman. York. Clifton, J. Jeanne••• Secretary to .•• do .•••• 2,000 Deputy. It will be noted that the Legal Division I now come to the set-up in the re Brooks, Mary ______Olerk-stenog- ___ do _____ 1.800 consists of two Negroes and Simon Stick gional office in Philadelphia: rapher. Banting, Myra_____ .•• do______White___ 1, 800 gold. Regional office. Philadelphia In/oTmation Division Sal· Incumbent 'l'itle Sal So, in the head office in Washington Incumbent Title Race Race ary there are 10 people, 5 Negroes and 5 --ary ------1-·------whites, most of whom have foreign Bourne, St. Clair... Information Colored. $3,800 Fleming, G. James. Regional direc- Colored. $5, GOO names. It will be noticed that one of specialist. ___ do _____ tor. Whiting, Margaret. Olerk-stenog- 1,80 Greenblatt, Mil- Fair-practice ex- White . •. 3, 800 the white stenographers receives the rapher. drci!. aminer. smallest salary of anyone on the list. Manly, Milo A ...... d o ...... Oolore1. 3, 800 P.isk, Samuel R ...... do ...... White ... 3, 800 Remember that the members of this In other words, the Information Divi Orinnage, Willard ...... do...... Colored. 3, 200 group preside over the destiny of every Gorgas, Belen ______Clcrk-stenogra- ... do ..... 1, 800 sion of the FEPC in Washington is made pher. business enterprise in America and are up of two people, and they are both Klinger, Karyl. ____ ..... do ______White ... 1, 800 using their assumed powers to harass Negroes. They furnish the information Brown, Grayce. ____ ..... d?------Colored. 1, 440 white Americans, and put them out of to the hungry, thirsting public. business. Then we come to the Division of It will be noted that the Philadelphia Now, let us look at the Field Operations Budget and Administration. 'This is the regional ofi1ce is composed of eight indi Division in ·washington: Division that spends the money: viduals, five Negroes and three whites. 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 6811 There will be some brotherly love when You will note -it is composed of five expe_ct to be harassed just as the Dallas News that crowd gets together on business in Negroes, two whites, Joy Schultz and Penny was. · Philadelphia. Zeidman. I am told that a representative of REGIONAL OFFICE, NEW ORLEANS Regional office of Washington. Here this group went into the office of Swift & The regirnal office at New Orleans con Co. and asked how many Negro members sists of the following members: is the regional office located in the Na they had on their board of directors. The tion's Capital. That ought to be inter apswer was, "We have no negro members on Regional office, New Orleans esting to us Washingtonians, where there our board of directors." Then the answer has been so much interference with gen Sal- came back, "Why haven't you?" This just Incumbent Title Race ary tiles in the last few years: shows what this su'pergovernmental set-up is -- Regional office, Washington, D. C. driving at. They want to communize Amer ica and destroy everything which our glorious Ellinger, W. Don ••. Regional direc· White ••• $3,800 ancestors have left u.s, and for which our tor. Sal Morton, James H ••• Fair-practice Colored. 3, 200 Incumbent Title Race ary boys are now fighting and dying all over the examiner. world. Ronning, Evelyn••• Clerk-stenog- White ... 1,800 ------1------rap her. REGIONAL OFFICE, ATLANTA Evans, Joseph...... Regional direc- Colored. $5,600 tor. Here is a list of the Atlanta office: Houston, Theoph· Fair-J?ractice ex- ••• do .... 3, 200 You will note that there are two whites and ilus. ammer. Regional office, Atlanta one Negro in this office. As the Negro is the Kahn, Alice. ------.....do •. ~------White ..• 2, 600 Chisolm, Ruby _____ Clerk-stenog- Colored. 1,800 Fair Practice examiner, just what the decent rapher. Sal white people of Louisiana may expect at the Urback, Dorothy...... do ______••• do ••••• 1, 620 Incumbent Title Race ary hands of this outfit is something to con template. Now the regional office at Cleveland, Dodge,, Wither· Regional direc- White... $4,600 REGIONAL OFFICE, SAN FRANCISCO spoon. tor. The San Francisco office consists of the fol Ohio: Hope, John...... Fair-practice ex- Colored. 3, 800 Regional office, Cleveland ammer. lowing individuals: McKay, George D ••.....do ______White... 3, 200 Chubb, Sally ______Clerk-stenog- .••do ..•.• 2,000 Regional office, San Francisco Title Race Sal rapher. Incumbent ary Jngram, Thelma.•••••••• do.~--·------Colored. 1, 800 Sal Incumbent Title Race ary McKnight, Wil- Regional direc- Colored. $4,600 You will note that it consists of two ------11--·------liam. tor. Abbott Olcott R ••• Fair-practice ex- . White•.• 3,800 Negroes and three whites. I wonder how the Kingman, Harry L. Regional direc- White.•. $5, 600 aminer. people of Georgia enjoy the domination of tor. Rutledge, Edward •• Fair-practice ___do •.••. 4, 600 Glore, Lethia...... do...... Colored. 3, 200 thi~ group: Kelley, Berniza...... Clerk-stenog- ...do ..... 1,620 examiner. rapher. Ross, Bernard...... do ______••. do..... 3, 800 Wasem, Edna...... do ...... White... 1,800 In the regional office in Kansas City Seymour, Virginia.. Administrative ... do .... _ 2, 000 assistant. there are Roy A. Hogland, white, $5,600; 1r!azen, JeweL ••••• Clerk-stenog- ...do ..... 1,800 Eugene Ormabee, white, $3,800; Mildred rapber. It will be noted that the Cleveland Jones, colored, $1,620; and Helene G. office is composed of three Negroes and Schliene, white, $1,620. two whites. · This is the only ofilce we have found yet The Cincinnati regional office-this is St. Louis that consists entirely of white people. Just what the backgr01.. md of each one of them is interesting: I am unable to say. Cincinnati Sal· Incumbent Title Race ary LOS ANGELES REGIONAL OFFICE The Los Angeles regional office consists of Incumbent Title Race Sal· -- ary Theodore Brown. _. Examiner in Colored. $3,800 the following: charge. Morris Levine ______Examiner .....•. White. .. 3,200 Los Angeles !ames, Harold...... Fair-practice White••• $4,600 Armatha Jackson ... Clerk-ste- Colored. 1, 620 examiner. nographer. ····------Clerk-stenog------1, 800 Tit1e Race Sal rapher. Incumbent ary You will note that it consists of two Negroes and one white. Just how they came Hunt, A. Bruce_____ Hearillgs exam- White.•• $5,600 The examiner has no stenographer. iner. They could not find a Negro stenographer to select these particular individuals to pre Brown, Robert E... Fair-practice ex- Colored. 3, 600 conveniently, so he is without a stenog side over the destiny of the white business aminer. men of the great State of Missouri I can Lopez, Ignacio ...... _____ do______White... 3, 800 rapher now, I think. not understand. Vetter, Vera G...... Clerk-stenogra- ___ do_____ 1, 800 As to the regional office in Detroit, pber. Mich., I find the following: · REGIONAL OFFICE, DALLAS, TEX. Lerna, Marie...... do ...... do.____ 1, 620 Detroit The members .of the regional office at Dallas are as follows: Mr.- President, from the tabulation of Incumbent Title Race Salary Regional office, Dallas this set-up we find that there are 115 -- employees in this organization, covering Swan, Edward ••••• Examiner in Colored. $4.600 Sal· the whole Nation, and of that number charge. Incumbent Title Race ary 66 are Negroes. There are two Ameri Sese, Doris K ••••••• Clerk-stenog- 1 a p a· 1,620 rap her. nese- -- can-Japanese, about 12 or 15 Jewish Amer- Castenada, Carlos •• Regional direc· White••• $4,600 people, and the rest are gentiles. lean. tor. - (Vacancy) •••••••••• Fair-practice 3,200 In the United States· there are 12,800,- examiner. ------000 Negroes out of a population of The record of the regional office in Gutleben, Wllletta. Clerk-stenog- White••• 1,800 rapher • 138,000.,000. There are approximately, in .Chicago is interesting. These are the round numbers, 5,000,000 Jewish people employees, and I quote from the speech: You will note there is one vacancy. Last out of a population of 138,000,000. Here is an organization set up to see that there Sal year that position was held by a Negro, Incumbent Title Race ary namely, Roy V. Williams. The other two is no discrimination of any sort or kind members, Carlos Castenada, the regional di anywhere in the United States, and we rector, and Willetta Cutleben, seems to be Henderson,.Elner••• Regional direc- Colored. $5,600 find this man, Malcolm Ross, when he tor. 1n charge of the office at the present time. gathers his brood together, notwith Gibson, Harry H. Fair-practice ex· ••• do..... 3, 800 This is the regional office that attacked the C. · aminer. standing the fact that there are 10 white Schultz, Joy ______••••• do ••••••••••• White ... 3, 800 Dallas News last year for carrying an ad people to every Negro in the United Williams, Le Roy ••••••• do...... Colored. 3, 200 vertisement for a Negro Janitor. This fel Zeidman Penny ••• Clerk-stenog- White••• 1,800 low Castenada, director, held the same posi States and 20 gentiles to every Jew in rapher. tion he holds now. If this set-up 1s made the United States, placing 66 Negroes, In~ Marguer· ••••• d_o...... Colored. ,1, 620 permanent, then· I presume the rest of the about 12 or 15 Jews, and even going over :White Am~rican businessmen 1n Texas· maY: and getting a couple of Japs. That is 6812 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 27 the organization to which we are asked Would it be asking .too much 1f I request I'll tell you what they are doing-they are to give $446,000, to pursue its activities an exposition of you of ·the facts and possi breeding great trouble between the whites throughout this country. bilities of this bill-what it could lead to? and blacks in the South; we know the Negro and are his friends, but we shall not bow They say they have no power-and All I have to do, Mr. President, is to down to the unrest that such as these - here is the testimony of Ross-except to wait until this fight is over, and send him "800" are brewing. If they haven't enough conciliate, and to report in extreme cases a COpy of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, judgment to let well enough alone, there to the President, and then by the_process which will answer his letter and I think are multi-thousands right here in Fulton of sanctions they propose to punish those will satisfy him. Before we get through who have kept this a white man's country, who will not observe their good wishes I believe we shall have developed all the and we intend to keep it thus. in hiring and fi ring their employees. facts in the· case. Today we are havin g much trouble with They are conciliators. In other words, Negroes as servants; they demand much more Here is a post card from Atlanta, from than they are worth; they are trifling, un they are the ''sugar boys" of the New a good, old white gentleman who writes: trustworthy, undependable; lay off their Deal. They are the "lollypop" boys go Please pardon card, but I have nothing else jobs; expect one to carry them to and from ing around pacifying everybody who is today, and wish to hasten to tell you how we their homes in cars; are dishonest, wasteful, dissatisfied because he could not get all rejoice at your declaration in the Senate immoral, and all this fuss by such as the a job. Do Senators propose that we yest erday. That is the opinion of the better "800" and others of their ilk in this county spend $446,000 of the people's money for classes, but we, alas, are in the hopeless is engendering trouble between the races. 66 Negroes, 12 Jews, a few gentiles, and minority-so much so, that there will be Ralph Magill of the Atlanta Constitution two Japs, just to be "lollypops" for this trouble here soon. The Negro has been is eternally h arping on this subject. That country, "sugar boys" going around paci spoiled by Eleanor clubs, and we are suffering "race creed", et c., .stuff that he publishes from the taint. The n ames you mentioned assists greatly in creating false ideas in the fying? They admit that. are Reds, Jews, and fanatics . heads of the "niggers" and will result in more .6-re they doing any good? No; they Your utterance is hailed with thanksgiving, trouble in the South than anything since are not doing any good. Of course, when for Atlantans seem to be asleep, at least the days of reconstruction if the propaganda brother Ross and his aides come before many of them. We are in hands of huckster is not curbed. the committee they paint a wonderful ing politicians, and never was there such Newspapers and magazines do not voice picture of the service they render,, but crimes among delinquents as now. Man the opinion of the masses-not today. We as a matter of fact, they have created ners and morals have reached their nth de are not living in days when we had a Henry gree and anything you say may begin a cru Grady, Henry Watterson, a Horace Greely. a more friction, they have brought about Charles Dana, a Charles Pendleton, a Tom more dissatisfaction in this country, than sade for the rights of people. We are all listening to you. Go ahead. Loyle&s, a Colonel Estill; these men were the good they have done, and there is Wishing you every success in your mission leaders and the people followed, but the no excuse for the organization. ary work and with heartfelt gratitude. people do not follow the press any more. Moreover, it is not right for the Con Keep up the fi ght. gress to pass a Federal law cove:dng all That is what I am trying to do, Mr. Sincerely yours. the 48 States when some of the States President. I am trying to perform mis That letter was not written to me but sionary work today. I am trying to per have seen fit to pass laws of their own was sent to me. It was written to th~ making, because we cannot have a con . suade my colleagues not to push this ap- junior Senator from Georgia [Mr. Rus flict of jurisdiction. Certainly we do not propriation at this time. · SELL], and I have read it for the informa want that. I read from another letter from At tion of the Senate. I think the thing for us to do is to pro lanta, Ga.: I read another letter from Georgia: ceed at once to liquidate and close out Let me be one person from Atlanta to We Georgia "crackers," common folks, are this organization, to take an inventory congratulate you on your stand to "leave backing you with all our might in the great and get rid of this FEPC as a part of the nothing undone this side of heaven or hell fight you and yciur colleagues in the Hous_e Federal set-up, an agency of the Govern to defeat this damna~le legislative scheme," and Senate are making to save the whites ment, and let the States which want and referring, of course, to the legislation to cre of the United States from annihilation, think they need this kind of legislation ate a permanent FEPC. We southerners degradation, and Negro rule. pass their own State laws. It is a State must stand together for States' rights and · I am taking the liberty of sending you against further usurpation of power, consti a little booklet which I hurriedly wrote, matter. Most certainly we could not af tutionally delegated to the individual States, ford to impose this kind of law on the if you have time to read it, j:ust to see by the Federal Government. The Negro how some of us feel, and see that some of State of New Jersey or the State of New problem is our own and we know how to us are helping to stay the knife thrust. York, which pass their own laws. That handle it. Enough has already been said I have gratuitously sent these booklets ·an would result in a serious situation. I do and done in recent years to build up class over Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, not see what those engaged in business hatred between the whites and blacks wi-th and hundreds to the Negro organizations would do. out having this vicious act forced upon us. in New York, Pennsylvania, and Chicago. People should get it out of their sys May you and our other representatives of Our common folks can understand what tems that this is a matter of southern the South stand firmly together in defeating I have written, and I have received approval, opposition to the bill. The business peo the passage of a permanent FEPC. and many comments from all southern For your information I might add that I people. Some favorable comments from ple of this Nation from Maine to San am a southern Democrat. prominent people North. I am preparing an Francisco, from the Great Lakes to the other booklet ' which is more interesting and Gulf of Mexico, are opposed to the pro Here is another letter from Atlanta, pointed, and containing much more criticism posed Federal legislation. They do not Ga.: than this one. want it. They see the harm it would The 800 who signed a petition urging This FEPC bill seems to be the great polit bring about, and we in the South know Congress to create a permanent Fair Em ical pie for the Negro. If it ever becomes what would happen. It would mean no ployment Practice Act do not represent a law the southern white man may as well · end of trouble and no end of friction. t he masses of four or more millions of admit his defeat and acknowledge the Negro Georgians. I am insisting on your continu and the Communists and Jews as the masters I am a friend of the Negro, but instead of destiny of America. ·Of this being the way to help the poor ing your fight against this proposed perni cious legislation. The southern daily papers have bee~ Negro, those who are sponsoring this strangely silent during the progress. of this proposal are fixing to do him more harm The "800" do not represent the rank and controversy over this measure, while north file of Georgia; they do not even represent ern advocates have turned heaven and earth than good. The sensible Negroes of this the businessmen of this State; they do not Nation do not want this kind of legisla to secure its passage. represent the rank and file of the various All Negro organizations and religious fa tion, because they know what the result posts of the American Legion of this Stat_e; would be. . natics have appeared before committee hear nor the Disabled War Veterans, nor any ings advocating its passage. Now, to my Let me read another letter from other patriotic organization. These men _surprise, southern (Georgia men) white men, Georgia: should talk to the "man of the streets" if and Negroes are actively engaged in advo I have just read your reply to the Atlanta they wish to learn the truth. cating its passage. Even while they know group who foolishly wrote you in the interest Even date, one of my neighbors and a and realize its dire effect on future genera of the FEPC and you turned them up ·just personal friend and a businessman, be tions of America. right. came so mad when we talked about the I will put my shoulder to the wheel and I am completing a book that I hope to have "800" and ·what they were stirring up that do what I can to help save America although published, Is the Negro the South's Prob he declared he did not wish to discuss it I am 80 years old I still have some life lem? and I am anx ~ ous for all the lnforma as the subject makes him become "too hot and Confederate white blood left to shed for tion that I can get on FEPC. in the collar ... our ancestors. 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 6813 I ani starting ·a petition against its pas~ Here is another letter from Atlanta~ know that the petition recf:1ved does not rep. sage, and am writing an article for publica Ga.: resent the feelings of the real Georgians and tion asking every town and . city in Georgia with the exception of one or two names the to prepare petitions against the measUI;e so ATLANTA, GA., June 22, 1945. rest· is of unknown denomination, probably that they may be sent to you or other Sena The Honorable THEODORE BILBo, sidewalk nobodies. You will recall when the tors opposing it. United States Senator from Mississippi, Washington, D. C. iniquitous poll-tax legislation was in discus My booklet is no biological study, it's a sion a year or so ago, I wrote you my~ feel plain statement written so the common citi DEAR SENATOR: Unfor.tunately your indict • ment of the people of Atlanta is· true, as it ings in the matter and expressed my appre zen can understand what I have written. ciation of our attitude at that time. I wish I am with high regards. applies to a certain percentage of them. At lanta's population consists of 45 percent to repeat this and tell you that we real Geor gians are proud of the position you have Negroes, 25 percent white carpetbaggers. Jews, The letter is signed "Jno. R. Irwin." taken in regard to the so-called FEPC legisla He is 80 years old. etc., and 30 percent of southern white people from Georgia . and many Southern States. tion. Will you kfndly accept my sincere con I have another letter from Oxford, The 30-percent minority has to bear the blame gratulations on your attitude in the matter. Ga., as follows: for the acts of the others. With expression of my highest personal esteem, believe me, I am. I notice in the press that some people are Please allow me to say that you have the criticising your stand on FEPC. I am not admiration and complete support of this 30 Here is another letter from Georgia: competent to judge this bill; however, I am percent in your efforts to defeat this in · inclined to think you are right. famous FEPC bill, and we sincerely hope you Honorable Senator BILBO, My object in writing this note to you is will stlclc with your program so well ex United States Senate, to express :my appreciation to you for your pressed in the last paragraph of your article Washington, D. C. DEAR SENATOR BILBO: Have just finished support of President Roosevelt's war meas attached. We do not believe that the senti~ ures. It is my impression that you sup ment of this 70-percent mixture in Atlanta is reading you:r; article in the Atlanta Jpurnal ported most, if not all, of them. Your serv representative of Georgia. in regard to the FEPC. We are grateful to you on your stand in the matter. When I ice to the Nation and the world in taking Please try to defeat this FEPC bill by every this stand far outweighs the effect of all refer to "we," I have the authority to speak means in your power. for 30,00D tax:.paying voters who have, and the mistakes you have ever made-! assume Sincerely yours. that you have made many because you are now are, working under me in construction a human being.· Here is still another letter from At· engineering. These men a.re from various lanta, Ga.: States. Atlanta does have a few off-brands I want the Senator from New Mexico of American citizens, but they are like to notice the ·full content of this letter I have been reading with a great deal of M. Ashby Jones, a cheap minister from the before he makes his note. interest ·and satisfaction. your statements Gospel. Reds, Blacks, and Greens are a credit about the FEPC. Especially was. I delighted to such people. Now, this statement is no Mr. CHAVEZ. Will the Senator give with the swing you took at the Atlanta peti secret. Ashby Jones well knows that I am me the name of the writer? tion gotten up by black and white preachers able and glad to back up my statement. I am Mr. BILBO. I am not permitted to here in Atl.anta and signed by niggers and sorry that we have people who. will advocate give the name. The letter is from Ox our lowest white trash. I do not wonder revolution, riots, and bloodshed. They should ford, Ga. The writer appreciates the sometimes at our citizenry turning away be chased out of a peace-loving nation. Mr. from Christianity, as preached by some of our Jones says he wants the FEPC because the fact that I was a supporter of President lazy, too-no-account-to-work ginks calling late President Roos.evelt'asked for it and that Roosevelt's measures; and I have been. themselves preachers. President Truman wants it. They are just But I have just finished assuring the human and are subject to mis~kes, and have Senate that the FEPC .was the result of He must be referring to Gerald K. made plenty. intimidation by 200,000 Negroes who Smith. He continues: Though we believe we have enough Ameri expected to march on Washington. By We here in Georgia are being fed a lot of can blood in the Senate and Congress to the way, the other day the Negroes said blooey by the two biggest newspapers in the halt and correct such mistakes, any Sena in a statement that they were getting State. They have them a hand-picked Gov tor or· House Member who supports such ernor, and they are lining up the Negro un-Americim act we are prepared to cam ready to do so again, because they have voters in orde! to reelect him. As .. you will paign for his defeat in his own State when learned the advantage and the virtue of notice from enclosed clipping, I am also en he is UJ- for reelection. force, and they want to march on Wash closing a clipping involving a big shot Army Any time we may be of value, please feel ington. I should like to· be appointed as Negro (no relation of mine, I assure you). free to call on me. a member of the reception committee If these FEPC troublemakers were having Yours truly. when they come. our country's best interest at heart in times like these they would be lending their feeble Here is a very interesting letter from I wish to read another letter from minded efforts toward ending a wa.r instead the city of Washington: Georgia: of laying the foundations for one here at JUNE 25, 1945. AUGUSTA, GA., June 22, 1945, home. My observance is that the educated Senator THEODORE BILBO, Senator THEODORE BILBO, nigger breeds· trouble. The ignorant ones Senate Office Building, Washington, D. C. are the only ones to be trusted, so I say, keep Washington, D. C. DEAR SENATOR: I wish to express to you my them ignorant. DEAR SENATOR BILBO: The great silent ma personal thanks the way you voted upon that More power to you, Senator BILBO, is my jority of the people, both North and South, do special bill that was trying to get by in the heartfelt wish. I do wish I could vote for not wish Mrs. NoRTON and the National Asso Senate-FEPC-a. few days past. I am sure you for anything. Your stand in this FEPC ciation for the Advancement of the Negro with such men as you from the deep South, marks you as a southern gentleman, states Race to force them to work beside a Negro. no such bill will ever pass. Someone started man, and hero. I read the Pittsburgh and An overwhelming silent majority of industry the poll-tax bill and see what happened to Detroit Negro dailies, and get the greatest resent the National Association for the Ad that, though I do trust and pray that there kick in the world out of their antics against vancement of the Negro Race attempting to will always be enough real southern gentle~ you and Honorable Talmadge. I'm so sorry force them to hire Negroes. men in office to take care of what we of the Truman has picked up the F. D. R. cross of This antiwhite scheme for getting black 1·eal South have always been use to. I wisli s~ch good wm toward the black race, but votes is dishonest even in its name. It is to thank you, and add that I do believe this can't be helped. not fair employment practice when it is is my first letter I have ~ver wrote to a Again I say, more power to you, and the forced employment practice and those of us Senator or Congressman th9,nking them for best wishes in the world toward and to ye. who have served our country in two wars fighting for· or against a bill. I feel like you Fight on and on and on. Southern "yes" against German nazism will continue to really need a pat on the back more than a newspapers, along with the nigger press will serve by fighting against this white-hating letter. · try to crucify you, but stick in there with minority of Negro nazism. Forced employ~ I am enclosing one of my old cards _you them is my 3 cents worth of advice and en ment in a free democracy must go. cpuragement. can destroy it or send back if you wish. Its Very truly yours. Yours truly. J only to show you my standing. I am quite In other words, if a man is forced to sure none of the ones who signed that peti Here is another letter from Georgia: employ someone he does not want or tion ever have had the real pleasure of being Senator THEODORE G. BILBO, a member in such. need or cannot use, it is idle to talk Senate Office B1tilding, about this being a free country. When Best of luck to you always. Washington, D. C. I am, most sincerely. MY DEAR SENATOR: l was very much in• the time comes when the Government P. s.-I am an executive committeeman, terested in your remarks before the Senate. undertakes to run a man's private busi white, democratic, Richmond County, pri· contained in the June 20 CoNGRESSIONAL REC ness by telling him that he has to hire mary committeeman, Augusta, Ga. ORD. As a native Georgian, I want you to this man o~ that man and this woman I 6814 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-SENATE JUNE 27 or that woman and put them in his office Mr. President, it is useless to· talk to Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President, will the or in his place of business, to work with me about a free country if this kind of - Senator yield .to me for a moment? people he has willingly employed, aJ;~.d legislation is to be passed. If I have a The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. TuN ·put such persons there against the will store and have 6 people working for me, NELL in the chair) . Does the Senator of the other employees and against their and if my store is located ih a white from Mississippi yield ·to the Senator protests and against their wishes, there community, where I have a select trade, from New Mexico? · will be no freedom left. You need not if I have a vacancy and 1 of the 66 Ne Mr. BILBO. I do not yield yet; I will talk to me about the great democracy groes of the Malcolm Ross outfit comes to let the Senator loose after a while. and freedom of America and the Ameri my office and asks, "Have you a vacancy Here is another letter from Georgia: can way of life when you try to cram this in your store?'' and I reply "Yes," and JUNE 24, 1945. kind of legislation down the throats of then I am asked, "Do you have any Ne Han. THEODORE BILBO, the American people. groes clerking for you?" and I reply"No," United States Senator from Mississippi, Here is a letter from New York: ~\~~~~~ and then I am told, "Well, I have a Negro Washington, D. C. Senator THEODORE G. BILBO, .;ft' girl, or a Negro boy, I want you to hire. MY DEAR SENATOR: I read an Associated Washington, D. C. You must hire him. If you do not hire Press article in the June 22 issue of the At DEAR Sm: I'm just a southern boy on what him, I will report you and I will punish lanta Constitution. It mentions Atlanta is will probably be a short business visit in tne you." As the operator of that store, I a center of "offbrands of American citizen north-to New York City. Due to over know that .my clientele do not want to · ship." .You are more than right. There are crowded conditions I have been living on patronize a store which uses Negro clerks. more scalawags in Atlanta today than there the westside where ·New York has made such wa..s in the entire South from 1865 to 1875, an "ideal" solution to the race problem. · They will not buy goods from a Negro by a -ratio of approximately 10 to 1. It clerk. Yet I will be forced to employ would be difilcult to determine the number Of course, that is irony. I read fur someone who will destroy my business. of Rosenwalders, Communists, CIO-gangsters, ther: Mr. President, in the city of Wash scalawags, et al., who infest this city. My purpose in writing is to commend your ington arrangements have been made That is the crowd Mrs. Roosevelt was stand on the race issue and to urge that you with Gallinger Hospital to have doctors bragging about in My Day. continue ·to insist on the South solving the from George Washington University problem as a southern problem and· not as Hospital and other institutions in this I have been here since 1907, and still camp some northern , social workers think the city go there and treat patients. They ing out, and have never called the place So~th should solve its problems. home. It is because I am from Augusta, Ga., The situation here is far from ideal. I do a great deal of work at Gallinger and it will always be home 'to me. We have saw a white man pushed around and beaten Hospital, and they are. not being paid some southern people there like you have in by several Negro bus riders recently-and anything for it. Some of the best medi · heavenly Mississippi. no person dared come to his defense. Har cal talent in the city is doing that kind The Atlanta newspapers have become noth lem-glamorous Harlem-is so lawless that of work. Do you know, Mr. President, ing much more than propaganda sheets, The my guide on a drive through it one Sunday · that the crazy FEPC bunch demands Atlanta Constitution is in the good graces said, "Be careful how you drive, there's many that the doors of Gallinger Hospital be of the Rosenw~ld fund outfit, and. the Atlanta cases where a white man has had his car Journal that died when Jack ·cohen died is completely wrecked by Negro gangs here af thrown wide open to Negro doctors, and influenced by the "rotten dealers" who call ter being involved .in a small accident." that Negro doctors be allowed to en themselves "New Dealers", also the CIO, et The crciwdeq condition would suggest some gage in that practice 'i Georgetown al. friction, but my observation has been that University Hospital and other institu I should have mentioned we have pl~nty the Negroes always consider the words "liber tions in this city have given notice that of "liberals" or so-called progressives, who ty," "rights," and "license" as synonyms. · if that is done their doctors will not con are nothing short of being weak-kneed Com The operation of the antidiscrimination tinue with the work; and the patients at munists who have not the courage to say law is that many apartment building owners they are Communists. hesitate to put out signs announcing vacan Gallinger Hospital, both whites and Ne To sum it all up they. have practically one cie:? because they cannot refuse to rent to groes, say they do not want to have and the same object, that is to bring about Negroes, even in the best sections if a Negro Negro doctors there. But that is the social recognition of the "nigger", and if that can pay the rent. kind of thing the FEPC is doing, and came about it would be natural for · mis So, please insist on the South's rights to that is the way it is sticking its nose into · cegenation to follow, and we would then be solve its own problems--a situation in the other people's business. come "brown America", which in the final South like that in New York City would be analysis would be against·alllaws of God and intolerable with our large concentrations of And then, Mr. President, we have the decency-a Nation in complete decay. What Negroes. Do not disclose my name to any bill which the gentlewoman from · New we need, a million more like Senator BILBo, one, please. One should not be in New York Jersey [Mrs. NoRTON] has introduced and may God help you to win this fight unless he can see the situation here is ideal in the House. God knows what we can against the Unfair Employment Practice as regards the race question. do with that. Committee bill. More power to you and God Yours very truly. Here is another letter from Georgia: bless you for all time. Yours very truly, Here is a letter from Georgia: JUNE 24, 1945. It is a pity we haven't a few more Ameri Han. THEODORE G. BILBO, I hope the prayer will be answered. cans like yourself.- I want to congratulate Washington, D. C. Mr. President, here is another letter you on your letter to that May. MY DEAR SIR: I admire the stand you are from Georgia: putting up to defeat the uncalled for and DEAR SENATOR: I WiSh to thank you for That is the Georgia petition. I might say the very dangerous FEPC bill I read further from the letter: blasting the little group of renegade whites or act and just can't refrain from writing and "niggers'• (FEPC) up in Atlanta. Being The X are trying to get control of our you and letting you know that there are an outsider you just don't know how strong country, · and I can't understand how loyal thousands of Georgians who share the same the vicious Yankee influences are in that Americans can let them pull the wool over belief. town. Both the papers published there read their eyes as they are trying to do with their The people everywhere to whom I have like they were owned by "niggers." dollars. God help the South if the men in talked are against this infamous act' and But, Senator, 'why is it we can't find a man politics don't get this mess we are in it should not have been instituted in the in the American Congress who has the moral straightened out soon. There's going to be first place and I now pledge that I will do all courage, or as it is called out in the cor-n bloodshed, and plenty of it, right in this I can against it and have already contacted fields, "guts," to stand up and put a finger on county, which I have always loved. my Senators and Representatives in Georgia the chief apostles of this proposed degrada I wish Senator Maybank would join with to do all to delay action and kill it forever. t 1on? Everybody knows that F. D. R. was the you in this fight for the right to keep our daddy of this villainy. Truman being noth self-respect. This means the renewing of the race ques tion in my opinion and will only lead to ing at heart but a plain stooge is the foster You know who is back of all this. They· parent of 'this treachery. Is it because Tru are not even putting their money in war trouble if allowed to be written on the statute man is a Democrat that you will not speak bonds, now that Germany has folded up. books of the United States of America. - out? Or that F. D. R. was one? Well, if They have other unfinished business in this I join you and other fellow Americans in Franklin Roosevelt was a Damocrat then I country now. Thousands of Americans think the fight and I don't believe you will let am a "nigger" washwomen. I hope later on' as I do, but dare not express themselves. this act be put on the records of our great you will have the courage to speak out and That FEPC is an insult to an American. Why American government. May you be success call a spade a spade. lf we have any hope of should we turn our country over to-and ful and, may our great God of all not let preserving the white race as it is today it lies actually the people are afraid to come out this become a law. Yours for a better USA. in Eugene Talmadge, Senator Lee O'Daniel, as you did and say a word . . Your admirer and friend. and men like yourself. If such men shirk 1945 CONGRESSIONAL' RECORD-SENATE - 6815 their duty we might as well give up. If we Mr-. President, this is a_Negro Pl;ofes Mr. LANGER. -Does the Senator see could get our southern leaders to put Tru sor, an educated leader of the South, anythtng wrong in the march of the sol man and the Roosevelts in their place we would not have so much trouble with the who is speaking. . Let me read again diers a few years ago into Washington lit tle scum like that up in Atlanta. what he has said: when they wanted a bonus, and they With many good wishes for your continued I do not believe people living two or three were starving and needed help? success in Washington, I am, thousand miles away are in a position to Mr. BILBO. That was quite different. Very sincerely yours. solve local problems as we ourselves are. Mr. LANGER. I should like to have the Senator state the difference. The writer of that letter speaks his Yet, Mr. President, we find Members Mr. BILBO. Well, Mr. President, it mind. He has his preferences. I do not of the Senate, and of the House of Rep~ agree with him in what he has said about resentatives, who are a -thousand miles -would not do the _Senator any good if I President Truman. re,moved from where the whites and were to show him the difference. If a Mr. TOBEY. Mr. President, will the blacks are forced to live together. The man who has been to Columbia tJniver:. Senator yield? Members of Congress to whom I have sity, as the Senator has been, cannot dif referred do not have to cope with the ferentiate and evaluate the difference Mr. BILBO. The Senator is on the between a group of minority Negroes wrong side of the Chamber. race problem in their own States, coun~ Mr. TOBEY. I am willing to be for ties, or communities. However, they try marching out of New York under the a moment. Will the Senator yield to me to tell us in the South what we must do leadership of men like A. Philip Ran for a question? and what we must not do. It would seem dolph and others, and the American sol Mr. BILBO. Yes. that we do not know anything on earth dier marching to Washington after he Mr. TOBEY. Does the speech of the about the problems with which we are had helped fight for his flag, and asking Senator from.Mississippi constitute what confronted. for a bonus and other privileges, the I .continue reading from the letter: Senator will be unable to see the differ we call a filibuster? ence, and I would waste my time in try Mr. BILBO. Oh, no. As yet, I do not Whether we believe, or whether we like it ing to educate him. [Laughter.] have anything to filibuster about. statistics will prove that the colored peopl~ of the South own more property, operate I continue reading from the article: Mr. TOBEY. Very well. more business, own more farms, and have This member-, Milton P. Webster, interna Mr. BILBO. A filibuster may not take built more institutions than those of any tional president of the AFL Brotherhood of place until after a motion has been made · section of the United States. Sleeping Car Porters, told a news conference to ~uspend the rule. I am now merely Let us all say more about the better and he couldn't disclose the nature of the dem ,talking.- [Laughter.] more substantial contributions that both of onstration now, but "we are not going to Here Is a letter from a soldier boy: us have contributed to our beloved South take it lying down." DEAR SENATOR BILBO: Although not a con and it will do much to help solve our race problem. In other words, they are bluffing; they stit uent of your State, I want to thank you are trying to intimidate; they are trying for your proposed opposition to the FEPC: The FEPC is definitely a waste of the peo As I have already said, that letter is to bulldoze, as they did the President to ple's money as . far as I'm concerned. Fur from Floyd Brown, president, Fargo get the damned thing signed. That is thermore, I can see nothing practical in such Agricultural School, Fargo, Ark., and what they are trying to do. "Oh, we an idea. It is certainly not democracy when was written to the Arkansas Democrat are going to do something; we are going some "peckerwood" with a brief case of red at Little Rock. Floyd Brown is a very to do something awful. It is going to be tape under each arm can go 'into a man's sensible and splendid Negro leader. more awful than 200,000 Negroes march business and tell him how many of this race Here is an encouraging piece of news ing down on Washington from New York and that race he must hire. • from the Washington Post of June 26 and Philadelphia at one time. I think Give them "extended explanation" from 1945: , now on if necessary. it is about time we were having a demon Respectfully yours. The fight over continuing the Fair Employ stration." ~ent Practice Committee hit new intensity I had two or three of them in my office The writer of the letter does not say yesterday with the agency's head saying it yesterday morning. They said they "filibuster"; he says "extended exp1ana may continue operating on a volunteer basis wanted to talk to me about a filibuster;.; tion." even if Congress gives it no money. that I had no right to filibuster, that it · Mr. President, I will now read what a Mr. President, think of the audacity was not the thing to do. They said they certain prominent Negro educator has to of MalcolPl Ross, with his. employees wanted to talk .to me about it. They s~,y with regard to this matter. He is numbering approximately 115-66 Ne talked to my secretary. They told him, Floyd Brown, president, Fargo Agricul "If we do not get to see the Senator, and tural School, Fargo, Ark.; and I read groes, 12 Jews, and 2 Japs, as well as a few gentiles-saying that he does not if we cannot stop him, he will be stopped from a l~tter which he wrote to the give a rap whether we make an appro~ by an act of God.'' Trying to threaten Arkansas Democrat at Little Rock. His me or bluff me with the righteous indig letter is as follows: priation for him or not, but that he will continue to operate regardless. In other nation of God. That is all right; I am As so much is being said within and without words, he is deriving so much kick, so willing to take my medicine so long as about the race, problem in the South, and as I God wants to punish me for filibustering, was born and reared in the South, and being much pleasure, and so much satisfaction a colored man, I feel justified in expressing out of his work that he is willing to con but I do not want some peckerwood who my views about the race problem as I see it. tinue with his program of harassing the has nothing to do with God messing In my travels in Arkansas and the South, American -businessman, and is willing to around with it. I am convinced that the race problem is not remain on the job and function for noth He referred to slow action on legislation· so acute as many would have it. ing. If 'he feels that way about it, we for a permanent FEPC. The House Appro should let him do his work for nothing, priation Committee approved ye~terday a Mr. President, the problem may not be $125,000 fund earmarked for liquidation of very acute at the present time, but it will I continue reading from the newspa the agency in the 3 months after July 1. become so-if there shall be enacted the per article: damn-fool legislation which is now being Chairman Malcolm Ross said the FEPC Senators understand what happened. proposed. may go ahead regardless, and another mem It went to the Rules Committee, and was I continue reading from the letter: ber, ·a Negro, reported plans for a demonstra not given a rule, in other words the I ani opposed to anyone, colored or white, tion "more dramatic than a march on Wash House committee was willing to put up of North or South, at all times exposing the ington." $125,000 to liquidate .this piece of com bad side of and neglecting to say anything Logan has said in his book that the munistic conception and foolishness, about the brighter side of race relationship. Negro has learned the technique of but the Rules Committee was not willing I do not believe the welfare of the two races to spend 5 cents on it, and it is not worth should be left in the hands of the radicals. force. It was that force behind the sug After allis said and done, until the south gestion that 200,000 Negroes would march that much. ern white people and the southern Negro into Washington that led the President Southerners in Congress, meanwhile, girded people seek to adjust their misunderstand to sign the Executive order which for a filibuster to talk to death any attempt ings and solve their own problems, our rela brought the FEPC into existence. to give FEPC a congressional appropriation. tionship -will not be what it shoulci be. I do not believe people living two or three thou Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, will the Further on the article recites: sand miles away are in a position .to solve Senator yield? Boris Shishkin, FEPC member and AFL local problems as we ourselves are. - Mr. BILBO. I yield. economist, said the Army has cliscoverecl I 6816 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 27 widespread use by the .Japanese of racial and if, through this instrumentality, they not the manhood to stand up and say, prejudices in this country in arl attempt to can -force association and force con "No; that is not the right thing, not the persuade Asiatic peoples that this is a white nection then they are making progress. proper thing, not the patriotic thing, not -man's war. the best for the country, not the best Ross said regardless of whether Congress Old Dr. DuBois says in the book that he votes FEPC any money the Committee will has just printed, "we have got to have for you." They will not say that, because hold its regular meeting July 7 and decide the association, we have got to have the they are afraid they will lose votes. then on its future. He said that the Com contact, we have got to bring them to I was talking to one of these Negro mittee, without funds, could not operate gen gether," and he says the Charter at San loving politicians in the Congress a few erally in industry but could continue to insist Francisco is a failure, it is not going to days ago and I said, "What in the hell on nondiscrimination by government and get anywhere, because it does not declare are you going to do when I get through contractors doing business with the Govern in favor of the participation of the co sending the Negroes to West _Africa? ment. lonials of Great Britain, Russia, France, You will not have anybody to 'politic' Webster said the move to abolish FEPC leaves Negroes feeling "like we're being and the United States, and it is not with. There will not be anybody to vote double-crossed-that this thing called de going to take care of the cases of dis for you. You will be out of business." mocracy doesn't mean us at all." crimination within the territorial limits And that is true. "There probably will be the greatest of the smaller countries of the United I wish to call attention to another upsurge of Negro opinion in history if the Nations. That is why he says that the matter. I quote from The Racial Prob Committee (FEPC) is knocked down," he third world war is in the offing, and will lem Discussed. Let Us Keep the United declared. come in a very short while, and the ef States White, by John R. Irvin, Center Bulldozing again, intimidating, threat fort at world peace is going to be a fail ville, Ga.: ening that, if this or that is not done ure, because it is not going to satisfy Is the United States soon to become a as they want it done, they are going to the colored people of America, and so hybridized Nation through governmental do so and so, and so and so. war is coming. He not only prophesies it, legislation, controlling the social and eco but he wants it. One who reads his boolc nomic life of the citizen? · In New York, Representative ADAM CLAY· will find that to be so. He may have TON PoWELL, Democrat, New York, accused That is the purpose. That is what we the House of "double dealing" in refusing to been at San Francisco. trying to help are discussing. This is an attempt pass legislation providing for FEPC. write the Charter of peace and de through legislative enactment to break "I charge that there has been double mocracy, because it is an inherent in dealing on both sides of the aisle as regards stinct in the average Negro in this coun do'\Yn the color li~e in order to S:id ~he FEPC," he said in an address prepared for try to want to put his bill into every day of miscegenatiOn and mongrellzatwn the annual Negro Freedom Rally in Madison thing; he wants to go everywhere. between the races. Square Garden. I had an experience with the Negroes That day is co~ing if we do_not do "I further charg~ that if the Republican something about it, because every stu Party had supported the FEPC the same as it of Washington as chairman of the Com dent of history knows that the records supported the abolition of the poll tax, leg mittee on the District of Columbia. They of 30,000 years of known history show islation today would be enacted on the called on me. I said, "Stop your fooling tbat whenever the white man and the FEPC." around, put your cards on the table. black man have tried to live side by side, In other words, the Negroes, as rep .. What do you want? How far do you in the end miscegenation and mongrel resented by their spokesmen, their lead want to go?" They spilled the beans. ization and hybridization take place, ers, are not satisfied with either the They said, "We want to use your hotels, both the white race and the black race we want to use your barber shops, we are destroyed, _and nothing is left but Democrats or the Republicans. We can want to use your restaurants, your cafes, not do enough to satisfy them, and we a yello~ race. That was the doctrine do not know today what they will do your swimming pools, your schools. We old Dr. Boas taught in Columbia Univer- tomorrow. The politicians who are ex want complete mixing, social equality." . sity. He taught it to his students, and pecting to control the Negro vote can just And nothing short of that will satisfy that damnable doctrine and poison has put it in their pipes and smoke it that them: If one will take the book to which been scattered all over the Unite