DOCSLIB.ORG

Carboxymethylcellulose Acetate Butyrate Water-Dispersions As

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Carboxymethylcellulose Acetate Butyrate Water-Dispersions As Carboxymethylcellulose Acetate Butyrate Water-Dispersions as Renewable Wood Adhesives Jesse Loren Paris Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science In Forest Products Charles E. Frazier, Chair Kevin J. Edgar Maren Roman August 5, 2010 Blacksburg, VA Keywords: Carboxymethylcellulose acetate butyrate, CMCAB, wood adhesives, viscosity, dynamic mechanical analysis, adhesive penetration, mode I fracture testing Carboxymethylcellulose Acetate Butyrate Water-Dispersions as Renewable Wood Adhesives Jesse Loren Paris ABSTRACT Two commercial carboxymethylcellulose acetate butyrate (CMCAB) polymers, high and low molecular weight (MW) forms, were analyzed in this study. High-solids water-borne dispersions of these polymers were studied as renewable wood adhesives. Neat polymer analyses revealed that the apart from MW, the CMCAB systems had different acid values, and that the high MW system was compromised with gel particle contaminants. Formulation of the polymer into water- dispersions was optimized for this study, and proved the “direct method”, in which all formulation components were mixed at once in a sealed vessel, was the most efficient preparation technique. Applying this method, 4 high-solids water dispersions were prepared and evaluated with viscometry, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, light and fluorescence microscopy, and mode I fracture testing. Thermal analyses showed that the polymer glass transition temperature significantly increased when bonded to wood. CMCAB dispersions produced fairly brittle adhesive-joints; however, it is believed toughness can likely be improved with further formulation optimization. Lastly, dispersion viscosity, film formation, adhesive penetration and joint-performance were all dependent on the formulation solvents, and moreover, these properties appeared to correlate with each other. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I wish to express my utmost gratitude to my guiding professor and committee chair, Dr. Charles E. Frazier. Early on in my undergraduate studies, he first encouraged me to consider a graduate education. Now upon completion of my Master of Science, I have a deep respect and calling to continue research in the wood-based composites arena. Dr. Frazier taught me self- confidence and scientific rigor which I plan to carry forward in my future endeavors. I also want to thank my committee members Dr. Maren Roman and Dr. Kevin Edgar; their support and unique scientific backgrounds significantly contributed to both my personal development and to that of this work. I also wish to thank the entire faculty, staff and students of the Department of Wood Science and Forest Products who guided and worked alongside me for both my Bachelor and Master degrees. The training and scientific discussions from two particular professors, Drs. Audrey Zink-Sharp and Scott Renneckar were appreciated and very important in this work. Additionally, I thank David Jones and Rick Caudill for their training and friendly conversations, as well. And I offer a very special thanks to my fellow group members in the wood adhesion group for their invaluable friendship and support. I wish to thank the Wood-Based Composites Center for funding this project, and the Sustainable Engineered Materials Institute for providing additional financial support. Also, I thank Eastman Chemical Company for providing me with the polymer I studied and greatly appreciated dispersion formulation advice. Last but not least, I wish to thank my family. Their endless love and encouragement have fueled my desire to continue my education and expand my horizons. iii Table of Contents ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... iii Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................... iv List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. viii List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... xiii 1 Introduction and Literature Review ........................................................................................ 1 1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Wood Adhesion ................................................................................................................ 2 1.2.1 History of Wood Adhesives ...................................................................................... 2 1.2.2 Fundamentals and Mechanisms of Wood Adhesion ................................................. 6 1.3 Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives ................................................................................ 9 1.3.1 Cellulose Structure .................................................................................................. 10 1.3.2 Cellulose Derivatives .............................................................................................. 12 1.3.3 Carboxymethylcellulose Acetate Butyrate ............................................................. 17 1.4 Analytical Techniques .................................................................................................... 25 1.4.1 Viscosity ................................................................................................................. 25 iv 1.4.2 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) .................................................................. 31 1.4.3 Adhesive Performance Testing ............................................................................... 34 1.5 References ...................................................................................................................... 42 2 Carboxymethylcellulose Acetate Butyrate (CMCAB) Neat Polymer Characterization ....... 52 2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 52 2.2 Experimental .................................................................................................................. 54 2.2.1 Materials ................................................................................................................. 54 2.2.2 Methods................................................................................................................... 54 2.3 Results and Discussion ................................................................................................... 58 2.3.1 Polymer Acid Number ............................................................................................ 58 2.3.2 Polymer Thermal Properties ................................................................................... 59 2.3.3 Plasticizer Analysis ................................................................................................. 69 2.4 Conclusions .................................................................................................................... 71 2.5 References ...................................................................................................................... 72 3 CMCAB Dispersion Formulation and Optimization ............................................................ 74 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 74 3.2 Experimental .................................................................................................................. 76 3.2.1 Materials ................................................................................................................. 76 3.2.2 Methods................................................................................................................... 77 3.3 Results and Discussion ................................................................................................... 81 v 3.3.1 Dispersion Mixing Criteria ..................................................................................... 81 3.3.2 Dispersion Solvent/Viscosity Relationship ............................................................. 82 3.3.3 Film Formation Study ............................................................................................. 88 3.4 Conclusions .................................................................................................................... 90 3.5 References ...................................................................................................................... 92 4 CMCAB Dispersion Polymer Thermal Properties ............................................................... 93 4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 93 4.2 Experimental .................................................................................................................. 93 4.2.1 Materials ................................................................................................................. 93 4.2.2 Methods..................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • General Introduction Sustainability Issues in the Preservation of Black and White Cellulose Esters Film- Based Negatives Collections
    Élia Catarina Tavares Costa Roldão Licenciada em Conservação e Restauro A contribution for the preservation of cellulose esters black and white negatives Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Ciências da Conservação do Património, Especialidade em Ciências da Conservação Orientador: Doutora Ana Maria Martelo Ramos, Professora Associada, FCT NOVA Co-orientadores: Doutor Bertrand Lavédrine, CRC Doutor António Jorge D. Parola, Professor Associado com Agregação, FCT NOVA Júri: Presidente: Doutora Maria João Seixas de Melo, Professora Catedrática, FCTNOVA Arguentes: Doutor Hugh Douglas Burrows, Professor Catedrático Jubilado, FCT-UC Doutora Ana Isabel S. C. Delgado Martins, Directora do AHU-DGLAB Vogais: Doutora Ana Maria Martelo Ramos, Professora Associada, FCT NOVA Doutor João Pedro Martins de Almeida Lopes, Professor Auxiliar, FF- UL Novembro, 2018 A contribution for the preservation of cellulose esters black and white negatives Copyright © Élia Catarina Tavares Costa Roldão, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. A Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia e Universidade Nova de Lisboa têm o direito, perpétuo e sem limites geográficos, de arquivar e publicar esta dissertação através de exemplares impressos reproduzidos em papel ou de forma digital, ou por qualquer outro meio conhecido ou que venha a ser inventado, e de divulgar através de repositórios científicos e de admitir a sua cópia e distribuição com objectivos educacionais ou de investigação, não comerciais, desde que seja dado crédito ao autor e editor.
    [Show full text]
  • Thermal Degradation of Cellulosic Materials 1,2 S
    Iournal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards Vol. 60, No.4, April 1958 Research Paper 2853 Thermal Degradation of Cellulosic Materials 1,2 S. 1. Madorsky, V. E. Hart,3 and S. Straus Fortisan, cellulose triacetate, and NOroxidized cellulose were pyrolyzed in a vacuum in the temperature range 180 0 to 465 0 C. Cotton cellulose and cellulose triacetate were also pyrolyzed in nitrogen at atmospheric pressure. The tar yields were in the decreasing order from: Cotton, Fortisan, cellulose triacetate, and oxidized cellulose. The other volatiles consisted mainly of acetic acid, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide, from the triacctate; and water, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide from the other celluloses. In all cases there was a carbonaceous residue (volatilization end point), the amount depending on t he nature of the cellulose and the temperature of pyrolysis. When pyrolyzed in nitrogen at atmospheric pressure, cotton cellulose and cellulose triacetate yielded less tar than when pyrolyzed in a vacuum. T he tar from cellulose triacetate consisted of a compound whose infrared spectrum resembled that of the original triacetate. Cotton cellulose, Fortisan, and cellulose triacetate do not differ much in their initial rates and activation energies of thermal degradation. Oxidized cellulose has very high initial rates of thermal degradation. 1. Introduction Agriculture. Details of its purification have been described previously [1]. The purified coLton had a It was shown in an earlier publica Lion [1] 4 by the moistme content of 3.7 percent, based on the dry present authors that cotton cellulose, cotton hydro­ weight. cellulose, and viscose rayon, when pyrolyzed in a Fortisan,6 a regenerated cellulose, was purified by vacuum, yield volatile products consisting mainly scouring for 1 hI' in an aqueous solution containing d of tar, H 20 , CO2, and CO, and also a nonvolatile percent a 2C03 and 0.5 percent Castile soap, a1 carbonaceou residue.
    [Show full text]
  • Ep 2532683 A2
    (19) & (11) EP 2 532 683 A2 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: (51) Int Cl.: 12.12.2012 Bulletin 2012/50 C08B 3/16 (2006.01) C08B 3/18 (2006.01) C08B 15/00 (2006.01) C08B 15/04 (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (21) Application number: 12006226.0 C08B 15/06 C08B 3/22 C09D 17/00 (2006.01) C08L 1/14 (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (22) Date of filing: 23.11.2004 C08L 1/12 C08L 1/10 C08B 3/24 (2006.01) C08B 3/06 (2006.01) C08B 3/04 (2006.01) A61K 47/38 (2006.01) A61K 9/48 (2006.01) A61K 9/20 (2006.01) (84) Designated Contracting States: • Lambert, Juanelle Little AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR Gray HU IE IS IT LI LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR TN 37615 (US) •Posey-Dowty, Jessica Dee (30) Priority: 28.11.2003 US 525787 P Kingsport TN 37663 (US) (62) Document number(s) of the earlier application(s) in • Watterson, Thelma Lee accordance with Art. 76 EPC: Kingsport 04812002.6 / 1 689 787 TN 37660 (US) • Wood, Matthew Davie (71) Applicant: EASTMAN CHEMICAL COMPANY Gray Kingsport, TN 37660-5075 (US) TN 37615 (US) • Malcolm, Michael Orlando (72) Inventors: Kingsport • Buchanan, Charles Michael TN 37664 (US) Kingsport • Lindblad, Margeretha Soderqvist TN 37660 (US) 186-50 Vallentuna (SE) • Buchanan, Norma Lindsey Bluff City (74) Representative: Wibbelmann, Jobst TN 37618 (US) Wuesthoff & Wuesthoff • Carty, Susan Northrop Patent- und Rechtsanwälte Kingsport Schweigerstrasse 2 TN 37660 (US) 81541 München (DE) • Kuo, Chung-Ming Kingsport Remarks: TN 37660 (US) This application was filed on 03-09-2012 as a divisional application to the application mentioned under INID code 62.
    [Show full text]
  • Performance Analysis of Blended Membranes of Cellulose Acetate with Variable Degree of Acetylation for CO2/CH4 Separation
    membranes Article Performance Analysis of Blended Membranes of Cellulose Acetate with Variable Degree of Acetylation for CO2/CH4 Separation Ayesha Raza 1,*, Sarah Farrukh 1, Arshad Hussain 1, Imranullah Khan 1, Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman 2 and Muhammad Ahsan 1 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; [email protected] (S.F.); [email protected] (A.H.); [email protected] (I.K.); [email protected] (M.A.) 2 Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, University of Technology Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia; hafi[email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The separation and capture of CO2 have become an urgent and important agenda because of the CO2-induced global warming and the requirement of industrial products. Membrane-based technologies have proven to be a promising alternative for CO2 separations. To make the gas- separation membrane process more competitive, productive membrane with high gas permeability and high selectivity is crucial. Herein, we developed new cellulose triacetate (CTA) and cellulose diacetate (CDA) blended membranes for CO2 separations. The CTA and CDA blends were chosen because they have similar chemical structures, good separation performance, and its economical Citation: Raza, A.; Farrukh, S.; and green nature. The best position in Robeson’s upper bound curve at 5 bar was obtained with Hussain, A.; Khan, I.; Othman, M.H.D.; Ahsan, M. Performance the membrane containing 80 wt.% CTA and 20 wt.% CDA, which shows the CO2 permeability Analysis of Blended Membranes of of 17.32 barrer and CO2/CH4 selectivity of 18.55.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Customer Quality Analysis of Outdoor Clothing'
    'Customer quality analysis of outdoor clothing' Program: Quality in process Technology (Degree Project) Examiner: Sven Hamp (HST) Supervisor: Eric Sjolander (M.D., GreenIT) Author: Fazle Al Hossaini 0 | P a g e TABLE OF CONTENT ABSTRACT: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 INTRODUCTION: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 Problem Formulation: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 Project Description: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 Literature Review: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 CHAPTER 2-ANALYSIS OF SURVEY ------------------------------------------------------------- 14 Result: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 Market offer information: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16 Buying reason: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 Requirements and Fulfillment of outdoor clothing quality: ----------------------------------------------------------------- 17 Customer support expectation: -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [Show full text]
  • Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose Triacetate As Support for Lecitase Ultra Immobilization
    molecules Article Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose Triacetate as Support for Lecitase Ultra Immobilization Francielle Batista da Silva 1 ID , Wilson Galvão de Morais Júnior 2, Cleuzilene Vieira da Silva 1, Andressa Tironi Vieira 3, Antônio Carlos Ferreira Batista 3, Anízio Márcio de Faria 3 and Rosana Maria Nascimento Assunção 3,* ID 1 Laboratory of Polymers Recycling, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38408-144, MG, Brazil; [email protected] (F.B.d.S.); [email protected] (C.V.d.S.) 2 Chemical Engineering Faculty, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38408-144, MG, Brazil; [email protected] 3 Faculty of Integrated Sciences—FACIP, Federal University of Uberlândia, Ituiutaba 38304-402, MG, Brazil; [email protected] (A.T.V.); fl[email protected] (A.C.F.B.); [email protected] (A.M.d.F.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-034-3271-5251 Received: 25 September 2017; Accepted: 6 November 2017; Published: 16 November 2017 Abstract: The use of polymers as supports for enzyme immobilization is a strategy that enables to remove the enzymes from a chemical reaction and improve their efficiency in catalytic processes. In this work, cellulose triacetate (CTA) was used for physical adsorption of phospholipase Lecitase ultra (LU). CTA is more hydrophobic than cellulose, shows good performance in the lipases immobilization being a good candidate for immobilization of phospholipases. We investigated the immobilization of LU in CTA, the stability of the immobilized enzyme (CTA-LU) and the performance of CTA-LU using soybean oil as a substrate. LU was efficiently immobilized in CTA reaching 97.1% in 60 min of contact with an enzymatic activity of 975.8 U·g−1.
    [Show full text]
  • Asbestos Substitutes.Pdf
    UNITED NATIONS RC UNEP/FAO/RC/COP.4/INF/16 Distr.: General 9 October 2008 United Nations English only Environment Programme Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade Conference of the Parties Fourth meeting Rome, 27–31 October 2008 Item 5 (e) of the provisional agenda* Implementation of the Convention: consideration of a chemical for inclusion in Annex III of the Convention: chrysotile asbestos Report of the World Health Organization workshop on mechanisms of fibre carcinogenesis and assessment of chrysotile asbestos substitutes Note by the Secretariat The annex to the present note contains the full report of the World Health Organization workshop on mechanisms of fibre carcinogenesis and assessment of chrysotile asbestos substitutes, which was held in Lyon, France, from 8 to 12 November 2005. A summary consensus report was made available at the third meeting of the Conference of the Parties. The full report is presented as received and has not been formally edited by the Secretariat. ∗ UNEP/FAO/RC/COP.4/1. K0842141 101008 For reasons of economy, this document is printed in a limited number. Delegates are kindly requested to bring their copies to meetings and not to request additional copies. WHO Workshop on Mechanisms of Fibre Carcinogenesis and Assessment of Chrysotile Asbestos Substitutes 8–12 November 2005 Lyon, France Contents Letter from the Secretariat of the Rotterdam Convention to WHO
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent Office Patented Mar
    2,880,106 United States Patent Office Patented Mar. 31, 1959 2 lose acetate and cellulose triacetate using lacquer chips 2,880,106 from a single source. MANUFACTURE OF TEXT LE AND OTHER According to the invention therefore cellulose triacetate MATER ALS HAVING A BASIS OF CELLU. textile and other articles containing effect materials are LOSE TRACETATE made by forming a solution of (a) an acetone-soluble cellulose acetate in which an effect material has been ;Selwyn George Hawtin and John Downing, Spondon, finely dispersed, and (b) a considerably larger propor snear Derby, England, assignors to British Celanese tion of a cellulose triacetate, and shaping and coagulating Limited, a corporation of Great Britain the said solution. (It is convenient to refer to the solu No Drawing. Application January 9, 1957 tion as a "spinning solution' although, as is shown below, it can be shaped by other methods.) Solvents consisting Serial No. 633,194 mainly or entirely of methylene chloride or ethylene chlo Claims priority, application Great Britain ride are particularly suitable for use in the process of the January 11, 1956 invention, but other solvents for both acetone-soluble 9 Claims. (CI. 106-193) 5 cellulose acetate and cellulose triacetate can be employed, for example acetic acid. Preferably the solution contains This invention relates to the manufacture of artificial not more than 15%, and especially not more than 8%, textile and other materials having a basis of cellulose say 1-8%, of the acetone-soluble cellulose acetate, based itriacetate and containing an effect material, for example on the weight of the cellulose triacetate.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent Office Patented Feb
    2,923,706 United States Patent Office Patented Feb. 2, 1960 2 : ployed as catalyst, and the whole of this amount is uni formly distributed throughout the cellulose in the course 2,923,706 of a pretreatment in which the main pretreatment agent MANUFACTURE OF CELLULOSEESTERS OF . is an aliphatic acid containing up to 4 carbon atoms in ALPHATIC ACDS the molecule, especially acetic acid. It has been found Norman B. Campbell, Drummondville, Quebec, and Lau that amounts of sulphuric acid below 1%, if introduced rent Berthiaume, Marcotte Village, Quebec, Canada, into the cellulose in this way, are capable of catalysing assignors to Canadian Celanese Limited, Montreal, the esterification so effectively that smooth substantially Quebec, Canada, a body politic and corporate gel-free solutions are readily obtained. At the same time, No Drawing. Application June 22, 1955 O as a result of the small, amount of sulphuric acid present, Serial No. 517,372 the esterification temperature can be allowed to rise above 50 or 60° C. without causing undue degrada 6 Claims. (CI. 260-229) tion of the cellulose molecule with consequent loss of viscosity. Indeed it is possible to use temperatures This invention relates to the manufacture of cellulose 5 so high that the esterification can be completed in a esters of aliphatic acids, especially esters of lower ali matter of minutes, e.g. in 5-15 minutes without causing phatic acids (i.e. aliphatic acids containing 2-4 carbon undue Viscosity loss; this is of course a great advantage, atoms in the molecule) such as cellulose acetate by a since it enables esterification to be carried out as a process of the solution type in which a lower aliphatic continuous process.
    [Show full text]
  • Rapid Identification of Cellulose Nitrate and Cellulose Acetate Film In
    Carter et al. Herit Sci (2020) 8:51 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-020-00395-y RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Rapid identifcation of cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate flm in historic photograph collections Elizabeth A. Carter1,2* , Brad Swarbrick2, Thérèse M. Harrison1 and Lucilla Ronai3 Abstract Cellulose nitrate transparent plastic flm was used by photographers and movie flmmakers from its release in the 1880s to the 1950s. The storage of this material is a challenge for cultural institutions because of its instability and haz- ardous nature, as nitrate is highly fammable and deteriorates over time. Historically, cellulose acetate gradually began to replace cellulose nitrate as it is not fammable. Despite its non-fammable properties, leading to cellulose acetate being called ‘safety’ flm, over time it became clear that it also deteriorates in hazardous ways. Identifcation of cellu- lose nitrate and cellulose acetate in collections is necessary for preservation and risk management to collections and humans. Both cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate are found in gallery, library, archive and museum photographic collections. As a result, identifcation and management of this material might be the responsibility of curators, librar- ians, archivists, collection managers, registrars or conservators, depending on the institution stafng and structure. Currently, there is no single identifcation method readily available to heritage institutions that meets the require- ments to identify and distinguish between cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate reliably, non-destructively and rapidly. In this study samples from both the Sydney University Museums and Australian National Maritime Museum collections have been analysed using infrared total refectance spectroscopy, a novel approach which demonstrates great potential for rapid and non-invasive identifcation particularly when combined with multivariate statistical analysis methods.
    [Show full text]
  • Eastman Kodak Company
    United States Office of Pollution November 1994 Environmental Protection Prevention and Toxics EPA 745-K-94-018 Agency 7408 EPA’s 33/50 Program Company Profile Eastman Kodak Company gq Printed on Recycled Paper EPA’s 33/50 PROGRAM COMPANYPROFILES This Company Profile is part of a series of reports being developed by EPA to highlight the accom- plishments of companies participating in the 33/50 Program. The 33/50 Program is an EPA voluntary pollution reduction initiative that promotes reduc- tions in direct environmental releases and ofSsite transfers of I7 high-priority toxic chemicals. The program derives its name from its overall goals - an interim goal of a 33% reduction by I992 and an ultimate goal of a 50% reduction by 1995. The program uses I988 Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) reporting as a baseline. In February, 1991, EPA began contacting the parent companies of TRI facilities that reported using 33/50 Program chemicals since 1988 to request their participation in the 33/50 Program. As of Novembel; 1995, nearly I,300 companies had elected to participate in the Program, pledging to reduce emissions of the 17 target chemicals by more than 380 million pounds by 1995. Companies set their own reduc- tion targets, which may vary from the Program ’s national 33% and 50% reduction goals. Industry exceeded the 33/50 Program’s interim 33% reduction goal by more than 100 million pounds in 1992. National emissions of Program chemicals were reduced by an additional 100 million pounds in 1993, bringing total reductions since I988 to more than 685 million pounds (46%).
    [Show full text]
  • UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,591,077 METHOD of PRODUCING ATHERMOPLAS TIC CELLULOSE ACETATE Composition Bayard T
    Patented Apr. 1, 1952 2,591,077 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,591,077 METHOD OF PRODUCING ATHERMOPLAS TIC CELLULOSE ACETATE CoMPosITION Bayard T. Lamborn, Matawan, N.J., assignor to Hercules Powder Company, Wilmington, Del., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application April 12, 1951, .. Serial No. 220,733 3 Claims. (C. 106-196) This invention relates to a method for pro uniformly distributed throughout the film also ducing thermoplastic cellulose acetate composi about 17% diethyl phthalate distributed through tions. In a specific aspect this invention relates the film in greatest concentration near the sur to a method for producing a thermoplastic com face and in gradually diminishing concentration position containing cellulose triacetate in an inwardly from the Surface. The film was swollen amount within the range of 10 to 50%. by the plasticizer and the surface was still slightly Cellulose triacetate scrap such as that used in wet with plasticizer in Small areas. Microscopic photographic film has heretofore been recovered examinations of a cross section showed a gradual by Solution processes for re-use in films, or it has decrease of plasticizer content, as indicated by been dissolved in organic solvents such as acetic 0 degree of Swelling, inwardly from the surface. acid and subjected to hydrolysis conditions for Part of this film was cut into strips 3 mm. by 35 conversion to a secondary acetate which is then mm. by 0.15 mm. for kneading with plasticized directly useful for conversion to plastics. Cellu secondary cellulose acetate.
    [Show full text]