Zootaxa 4403 (3): 523–539 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4403.3.6 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AEABA77E-FABE-4A50-B211-80E6BB8FCE8B A new species of Caribbean toad (Bufonidae, Peltophryne) from southern Hispaniola MIGUEL A. LANDESTOY T. 1,3, DANIEL B. TURNER2, ANGELA B. MARION2 & S. BLAIR HEDGES2 1Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, República Dominicana 2Center for Biodiversity, 502 SERC Building, Temple University, 1925 N. 12th St., Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA 3Corresponding author. E-mail:
[email protected] Abstract Peltophryne armata sp. nov. is described from the South paleoisland of Hispaniola, West Indies. This is the only native toad species known to inhabit the Barahona Peninsula, Dominican Republic, in the southernmost part of Hispaniola, and it is allopatric with the widely distributed Hispaniolan toad species, P. guentheri Cochran. However, in a molecular phy- logeny, the closest relative of P. armata sp. nov. is the Puerto Rican species P. l e m ur Cope, with which it shares a protru- sive snout, large orbits, a depressed head, indistinct or absent infraorbital crests, and a long and complex advertisement call, but differs from it greatly by the very long cephalic crests, and in the massive and spinose parotoid glands that con- verge medially on the dorsum. The new species is similar in ecology and larval morphology to the Cuban P. florentinoi Moreno & Rivalta, but differs from it in adult morphology.