DOCSLIB.ORG

Introduction to Stationary Point Source Emission Inventory Development

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Introduction to Stationary Point Source Emission Inventory Development Prepared by: Eastern Research Group, Inc. Prepared for: Point Sources Committee Emission Inventory Improvement Program DISCLAIMER As the Environmental Protection Agency has indicated in Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) documents, the choice of methods to be used to estimate emissions depends on how the estimates will be used and the degree of accuracy required. Methods using site-specific data are preferred over other methods. These documents are non-binding guidance and not rules. EPA, the States, and others retain the discretion to employ or to require other approaches that meet the requirements of the applicable statutory or regulatory requirements in individual circumstances. ACKNOWLEDGMENT This document was originally prepared and revised by Eastern Research Group, Inc., Morrisville, North Carolina, for the Point Sources Committee of the Emission Inventory Improvement Program and for Roy Huntley of the Emission Factor and Inventory Group, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Members of the Point Sources Committee contributing to the preparation of this document are: Lynn Barnes, South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control Gary Beckstead, Illinois Environmental Protection Agency Dennis Beauregard, Emission Factor and Inventory Group, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Bob Betterton, Co-Chair, South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control Paul Brochi, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission Richard Forbes, Illinois Environmental Protection Agency Alice Fredlund, Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality Marty Hochhauser, Allegheny County Health Department Roy Huntley, Co-Chair, Emission Factor and Inventory Group, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Paul Kim, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency Sonya Lewis-Cheatham, Virginia Department of Environmental Quality Toch Mangat, Bay Area Air Quality Management District Ralph Patterson, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Jim Southerland, North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources Eitan Tsabari, Omaha Air Quality Control Division Bob Wooten, North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources EIIP Volume II iii CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION 5/31/01 This page is intentionally left blank. iv EIIP Volume II CONTENTS Section Page Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Symbols ...........................................x Definitions of Commonly Used Terms .......................................... xiv 1 Introduction ...................................................... 1.1-1 1.1 Background ................................................ 1.1-1 1.2 Purpose of Chapter 1 ......................................... 1.1-3 2 Purposes for Assessing Emissions ..................................... 1.2-1 2.1 Federal Requirements ......................................... 1.2-1 2.1.1 Clean Air Act Requirements ..............................1.2-17 2.1.2 Requirements under Other EPA Regulations .................1.2-25 2.1.3 Federal Requirements Outside of EPA ......................1.2-27 2.2 State Requirements ...........................................1.2-27 3 Emissions Inventory Planning ............................................ 1.3-1 3.1 Preliminary Planning Activities .................................. 1.3-1 3.1.1 End Use of the Data .................................... 1.3-1 3.1.2 Scope of the Inventory .................................. 1.3-3 3.1.3 Availability and Usefulness of Existing Data .................. 1.3-4 3.1.4 Strategy for Data Collection .............................. 1.3-4 3.2 Inventory Preparation Plan .................................... 1.3-8 3.3 Training ................................................... 1.3-9 3.4 Data Sources ...............................................1.3-10 3.4.1 Finding Inventory Guidance ..............................1.3-10 3.4.2 Existing Emission Data ..................................1.3-11 3.4.3 Finding Emission Factor Information ........................1.3-11 3.4.4 Emission Estimation Models ..............................1.3-13 3.4.5 Source Characterization Information ........................1.3-13 3.4.6 Applicable Activity Parameters ............................1.3-15 3.5 Data Handling ..............................................1.3-15 EIIP Volume II v CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Section Page 3.6 Documentation Requirements ...................................1.3-16 3.7 Schedule ...................................................1.3-17 3.8 Issues to Consider When Estimating Emissions from Point Sources ......1.3-17 4 Emission Estimation Procedures ....................................... 1.4-1 4.1 CEMS .................................................... 1.4-3 4.2 Source Tests ................................................ 1.4-3 4.3 Material Balances ............................................ 1.4-5 4.4 Emission Factors ............................................ 1.4-6 4.5 Emission Models ............................................ 1.4-9 4.6 Best Approximation or Engineering Judgement ..................... 1.4-9 4.7 Other Considerations ......................................... 1.4-9 4.7.1 Rule Effectiveness ...................................... 1.4-9 4.7.2 Control Devices .......................................1.4-11 5 Data Collection ................................................... 1.5-1 5.1 Level of Detail .............................................. 1.5-1 5.1.1 Plant Level ........................................... 1.5-1 5.1.2 Point/Stack Level ...................................... 1.5-1 5.1.3 Process/Segment Level .................................. 1.5-2 5.2 Availability and Usefulness of Existing Data ........................ 1.5-2 5.3 Data Collection Methods ...................................... 1.5-2 5.3.1 Surveys ............................................. 1.5-3 5.3.2 Plant Inspections ....................................... 1.5-3 5.3.3 Accessing Agency Air Pollution Files ....................... 1.5-5 5.3.4 Emissions Estimates Conducted by Plant Personnel ............. 1.5-5 vi EIIP Volume II CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Section Page 6 Inventory Reporting and Documentation ................................ 1.6-1 6.1 Documentation of Data Collection and Emission Estimation Activities ... 1.6-2 6.2 Reporting the Results of an Inventory ............................. 1.6-3 7 Quality Assurance/Quality Control ..................................... 1.7-1 7.1 Quality Control .............................................. 1.7-2 7.2 Quality Assurance ............................................ 1.7-3 7.3 QA/QC Procedures for Specific Emission Estimation Methods .......... 1.7-3 7.3.1 Source Tests and Continuous Emissions Monitoring (CEM) ...... 1.7-3 7.3.2 Material Balances ...................................... 1.7-5 7.3.3 Emission Factors ....................................... 1.7-6 7.3.4 Modeling ............................................ 1.7-8 7.4 Data Attribute Rating System (DARS) ............................ 1.7-8 8 References ....................................................... 1.8-1 Appendix A: List of HAPS and Associated MACT Categories Appendix B: List of MACT Source Categories and HAPs Appendix C: Overview of Reference Materials Appendix D: List of Emission Estimation Models and Emission Factor Resources Appendix E: List of L&E Documents Appendix F: Guidance on How to Conduct Screening Studies Appendix G: List of EIIP Preferred and Alternative Methods by Source Appendix H: Point Source Example Calculations Appendix I: Contact and Resource Information Appendix J: Clearing Up the Rule Effectiveness Confusion Appendix K: Options for Data Reporting Appendix L: Example QC Checklist Appendix M: QA/QC Procedures Appendix N: Procedures for Developing, Documenting and Evaluating the Accuracy of Spreadsheet Data EIIP Volume II vii FIGURES Page 1.1-1 Point Source Inventory Development Process ............................ 1.1-4 1.2-1 Key Relationships for Industry Air Pollutant Emission Estimation ............. 1.2-2 1.3-1 Activities for Preparing an Inventory ................................... 1.3-2 1.4-1 Emission Estimation Hierarchy ........................................ 1.4-2 1.5-1 Example of Point Source Surveying .................................... 1.5-4 viii EIIP Volume II TABLES Page 1.1-1 Overview of Document Contents ...................................... 1.1-5 1.2-1 Overview of Key Federal Emission Estimation Requirements ................. 1.2-3 1.2-2 Comparison of Emissions Reporting Program Data Elements .................1.2-12 1.2.-3 Emission Reporting Data Elements for the National Emission Inventory .........1.2-15 1.2-4 Inventory Requirements of the Clean Air Act Amendments for Ozone, CO, PM10 and PM2.5 ...............................................1.2-18 1.3-1 Potential Point Sources and Pollutants .................................. 1.3-5 1.3-2 Issues to Consider When Estimating Emissions from Point Sources ............1.3-18 1.4-1 Control Techniques Guidelines Documents (Groups I, II, III) .................1.4-12 1.4-2 Alternative Control Techniques Documents ..............................1.4-15 1.6-1 Data Reporting Elements for the National Emission Inventory (Annual and Triennial) .............................................. 1.6-4 1.6-2 Data Reporting Elements for Toxics For Incorporation into the National Emission Inventory ................................................ 1.6-6 1.7-1 Methods for Achieving Emission Inventory Data Quality Objectives ............ 1.7-4 EIIP Volume II ix ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Emission Inventory & Calculation Methodology 2019
    Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory & Calculation Methodology 2019 Quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions in accordance with the Corporate Green- house Gas Protocol December 2020 Content Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1 About RWE and its value chain .............................................................................................................................. 2 Organisational boundary .......................................................................................................................................... 3 Emissions Accounting and Reporting Methodology ................................................................................... 3 Scope 1 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Scope 2 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Scope 3 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Category
    [Show full text]
  • Data and Information Committee Agenda 9 June 2021 - Agenda
    Data and Information Committee Agenda 9 June 2021 - Agenda Data and Information Committee Agenda 9 June 2021 Meeting is held in the Council Chamber, Level 2, Philip Laing House 144 Rattray Street, Dunedin Members: Hon Cr Marian Hobbs, Co-Chair Cr Michael Laws Cr Alexa Forbes, Co-Chair Cr Kevin Malcolm Cr Hilary Calvert Cr Andrew Noone Cr Michael Deaker Cr Gretchen Robertson Cr Carmen Hope Cr Bryan Scott Cr Gary Kelliher Cr Kate Wilson Senior Officer: Sarah Gardner, Chief Executive Meeting Support: Liz Spector, Committee Secretary 09 June 2021 02:00 PM Agenda Topic Page 1. APOLOGIES No apologies were received prior to publication of the agenda. 2. PUBLIC FORUM No requests to address the Committee under Public Forum were received prior to publication of the agenda. 3. CONFIRMATION OF AGENDA Note: Any additions must be approved by resolution with an explanation as to why they cannot be delayed until a future meeting. 4. CONFLICT OF INTEREST Members are reminded of the need to stand aside from decision-making when a conflict arises between their role as an elected representative and any private or other external interest they might have. 5. CONFIRMATION OF MINUTES 3 Minutes of previous meetings will be considered true and accurate records, with or without changes. 5.1 Minutes of the 10 March 2021 Data and Information Committee meeting 3 6. OUTSTANDING ACTIONS OF DATA AND INFORMATION COMMITTEE RESOLUTIONS 8 Outstanding actions from resolutions of the Committee will be reviewed. 6.1 Action Register at 9 June 2021 8 7. MATTERS FOR CONSIDERATION 9 1 Data and Information Committee Agenda 9 June 2021 - Agenda 7.1 OTAGO GREENHOUSE GAS PROFILE FY2018/19 9 This report is provided to present the Committee with the Otago Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory FY2018/19 and report.
    [Show full text]
  • Emission Factor Documentationfor AP42 Section 2.4 Municipal Solid
    Background Information Document for Updating AP42 Section 2.4 for Estimating Emissions from Municipal Solid Waste Landfills EPA/600/R-08-116 September 2008 Background Information Document for Updating AP42 Section 2.4 for Estimating Emissions from Municipal Solid Waste Landfills Prepared by Eastern Research Group, Inc. 1600 Perimeter Park Dr. Morrisville, NC 27560 Contract Number: EP-C-07-015 Work Assignment Number: 0-4 EPA Project Officer Susan Thorneloe Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division National Risk Management Research Laboratory Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC 20460 Notice The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through its Office of Research and Development performed and managed the research described in this report. It has been subjected to the Agency‘s peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Any opinions expressed in this report are those of the author and do not, necessarily, reflect the official positions and policies of the EPA. Any mention of products or trade names does not constitute recommendation for use by the EPA. ii Abstract This document was prepared for U.S. EPA’s Office of Research and Development in support of EPA’s Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS). The objective is to summarize available data used to update emissions factors for quantifying landfill gas emissions and combustion by-products using more up-to-date and representative data for U.S. municipal landfills. This document provides background information used in developing a draft of the AP-42 section 2.4 which provides guidance for developing estimates of landfill gas emissions for national, regional, and state emission inventories.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Upstream Sustainability Trends Within the Food Production Industry. Case Study: a Food Manufacturer
    P a g e | 1 Analysis of Upstream Sustainability Trends within the Food Production Industry. Case Study: A food manufacturer Sarah Dallas, Jessica Lam, Nora Stabert Academic Advisor: Deborah Gallagher Spring 2013 P a g e | 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 3 Guide to Reading the Report ........................................................................................................................ 4 Literature Review ............................................................................................................................................ 5 Motivation ........................................................................................................................................................ 20 The Food Manufacturer Case .................................................................................................................... 25 Supply Chain.................................................................................................................................................... 26 Customer Analysis ........................................................................................................................................ 28 Climate Change ............................................................................................................................................... 34 Competitor Analysis ....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Copernic Agent Search Results
    Copernic Agent Search Results Search: volatile organic compounds in the air Gulf of Mexico Oil (All the words) Found: 1131 result(s) on _Full.Search Date: 7/17/2010 6:10:34 AM 1. Oil Spill Effects on Kids Jun 6, 2010 ... stay indoors to limit your exposure to the Volatile Organic Compounds or VOCs, which causes ... and turn on your central air conditioner or set your window air conditioner ... Related: CDC - 2010 Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill ... http://pediatrics.about.com/b/2010/06/06/oil-spill-effects-on-kids.htm 99% 2. Air Monitoring on Gulf Coastline | EPA Response to BP Spill in the Air monitoring reports below are on Particulate Matter, Total Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) and Air Toxics ... Since the BP Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico on April 22, 2010, EPA has provided full support to the U.S. Coast Guard http://www.epa.gov/bpspill/air.html 96% 3. BP Oil Spill Causing Serious Air Quality Concerns ... Due to the BP Oil Spill, the EPA Department of Air Quality is carefully tracking air quality along the Gulf of Mexico. Cases of bad odors, dizziness, nausea, and ... http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/5505474/bp_oil_spill_causing_serious_ air_quality.html 93% 4. NASA - Gulf of Mexico Initiative Targets Oil Spills and Other ... May 19, 2010 ... Viewing the Gulf of Mexico oil spill from 438 miles (705 km) away can be ... perspective of the layers of volatile organic compounds (VOCs, an oil ... of the water it comes into contact with the air and releases VOCs. ... http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/oilspill/oilspill-calipso-caliop.html 93% 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Air Quality Assessment Tools: a Guide for Public Health Practitioners
    Air Quality Assessment Tools: A Guide for Public Health Practitioners Prabjit Barn, Peter Jackson, Natalie Suzuki, Tom Kosatsky, Derek Jennejohn, Sarah Henderson, Warren McCormick, Gail Millar, Earle Plain, Karla Poplawski, Eleanor Setton Summary • Several tools exist to assess local air quality, including the impact of specific sources, emissions, and meteorological conditions. • Information generated from the use of air quality assessment tools can inform decisions on permitting of emissions, industrial siting, and land use; all can impact local air quality, which in turn can influence air pollution related health effects of a population. • The five tools discussed in this guide (highlighted with case examples) address different components of air quality: o Emissions inventories are databases of air pollution sources and their emissions, which allow for the monitoring of pollution releases to the air; emissions inventories can feed into other tools, such as dispersion models. o Dispersion modeling uses data on emissions, meteorology, and topography to provide estimates of ambient pollutant concentrations at specific receptor sites. o Source apportionment helps to identify important sources in an area by using information on ambient pollutant levels. o Mobile monitoring, in contrast to traditional fixed site monitoring, allows for a better understanding of pollutant concentrations and their sources, both temporally and, very importantly, spatially; Data collected by mobile monitoring projects can feed into models, such as land-use regression. o Land use regression uses a combination of local information to provide the best estimates of ambient pollution in a specific area. • Health impact assessment is an example of direct application of information generated by air quality assessment tools, to understand the air quality related health impacts of a population.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Greenhouse Gas Accounting and Reporting Guidance Council on Environmental Quality January 17, 2016
    Federal Greenhouse Gas Accounting and Reporting Guidance Council on Environmental Quality January 17, 2016 i Contents 1.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Purpose of This Guidance ............................................................................................... 2 1.2. Greenhouse Gas Accounting and Reporting Under Executive Order 13693 ................. 2 1.2.1. Carbon Dioxide Equivalent Applied to Greenhouse Gases .......................................... 3 1.2.2. Federal Reporting Requirements .................................................................................. 4 1.2.3. Distinguishing Between GHG Reporting and Reduction ............................................. 5 1.2.4. Opportunities, Limitations, and Exemptions under Executive Order 13693 ................ 5 1.2.5. Federal Greenhouse Gas Accounting and Reporting Workgroup ................................ 6 1.2.6. Electronic Greenhouse Gas Accounting and Reporting Capability (Annual Greenhouse Gas Data Report Workbook) .................................................................................................. 6 1.2.7. Relationship of the Guidance to Other Greenhouse Gas Reporting Requirements and Protocols ................................................................................................................................. 7 1.2.8. The Public Sector Greenhouse Gas Accounting and Reporting Protocol ..................... 8 2.0 Setting
    [Show full text]
  • 2017 Emission Inventory Conference
    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2017 International Emission Inventory Conference “Applying Science and Streamlining Processes to Improve Inventories” Training - August 14 - 15, 2017 Plenary - August 15, 2017 Technical Sessions - August 16 - 18, 2017 Hyatt Regency Baltimore on the Inner Harbor 300 Light Street Baltimore, Maryland 21202 Sponsored by: Emission Inventory and Analysis Group Air Quality Assessment Division Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards In Memoriam Raymond Kevin Forde (November 29, 1962 – July 28, 2017) We mourn the passing of our dear friend Raymond Forde who died unexpectedly in July 2017. Raymond began his career in the emissions inventory field in 1989 with the EPA Region 3 Office in Philadelphia. After several years there he moved to the EPA Region 2 office in New York City where he was the key emissions inventory lead for most of his career, diligently supporting the program needs and concerns of the Region's states and territories. Raymond was more than just a colleague. He greeted everyone with a smile on his face and was a friend to all who knew him. Always a true gentleman, he treated everyone with respect, great kindness, and compassion. Raymond was a steady and long- standing member of the emissions inventory community and regularly attended the Emissions Inventory conferences. His many contributions to this community made him a well-respected and natural leader among his peers, and he will be greatly missed. Welcome to the 2017 Emissions Inventory Conference This year’s conference will focus on improving the science and streamlining processes to build robust, sound and timely inventories.
    [Show full text]
  • Download/ Projekte/ 1850-1899/1890/Report Ngos En.Pdf Accessed on 19 January 2011 at 3:48 Pm
    ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND ADMINISTRATION IN INDIA : GOVERNMENTAL RESPONSE THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF Doctor of Philosophy IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION By ZAINAB RAZA UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF PROF. ARIF HAMEED DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH-202002, INDIA 2011 Certificate This is to certify that Ms. Zainab Raza has completed her thesis entitled “Environmental Policy and Administration in India: Governmental Response” under my supervision and is, in my opinion, suitable for submission for the award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Public Administration of Aligarh Muslim University. (Prof. Arif Hameed) Supervisor Abstract Since the concern for environment has become a major field in today‟s world, therefore, environmental policies, whether taken up by the government or public, have become a major subject of discussion; therefore, the topic of this thesis, “Environmental Policy and Administration in India: Governmental Response” is an endeavour to assess the role of different organs of the government of India in the field of environment, coupled with the sector-wise assessment of the environmental policy, the response of the public to the environment and administration of the environmental policies. People in general, and policy makers in particular, have realised lately that environment degradation cannot be swept under the carpet any longer because the need of the time, and in great urgency, is to realise the importance and necessity of protecting the environment with all seriousness that it deserves. The implication of this realisation can be easily judged by watching around us where we come across everyday with articles, advertisements, activities, conferences, demonstrations raising the issue of environment and the urgency of doing everything possible for its protection.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of EPA's Residential Wood Heater Certification Program
    2021 Assessment of EPA’s Residential Wood Heater Certification Program Test Report Review: Stoves & Central Heaters Members of Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management Paul J. Miller, Executive Director Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management Tracy Babbidge, Bureau Chief Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, Bureau of Air Management Jeff Crawford, Bureau Director Maine Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Air Quality Glenn Keith, Director Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, Air and Climate Programs Craig Wright, Director New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, Air Resources Division Francis Steitz, Director New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Air Quality Chris LaLone, Acting Director New York Department of Environmental Conservation, Division of Air Resources Laurie Grandchamp, Chief Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, Office of Air Resources Heidi Hales, Director Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation, Air Quality & Climate Division Assessment of EPA’s Residential Wood Heater Certification Program Page ii ASSESSMENT OF EPA’S RESIDENTIAL WOOD HEATER CERTIFICATION PROGRAM Test Report Review: Stoves & Central Heaters Project Manager Lisa Rector, NESCAUM Principal Contributors Mahdi Ahmadi, Ph.D. Arthur Marin Barbara Morin, NESCAUM Kelly Raymond, NESCAUM Lisa Rector, NESCAUM Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management (NESCAUM) Boston, Massachusetts Printed: March 2021 Assessment of EPA’s Residential Wood Heater Certification Program Page iii Summary for Policymakers The Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management (NESCAUM) in collaboration with the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC) conducted a review of the US Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) program to certify that new wood stoves and central heaters meet air pollution standards.
    [Show full text]
  • What Is an Emission Inventory? (PDF)
    DE0067英文 07.10.2 8:18 AM ページ 1 What is an Emission Inventory? DE0067英文 07.10.2 8:18 AM ページ 2 Roles of an emission inventory Given the current rapid rate of economic development in East Asia and the degradation of air quality in the future likely to result from this, it becomes necessary to make use of all the scientific tools available for the management of the atmospheric environment. One of these tools is the air pollutant emission inventory. What quantities of air pollutants are emitted and where do they come from? The best way to answer these questions is to prepare an air pollutant emission inventory. Emission inventories are now regarded as indispensable tools for a wide range of environmental measures such as management of chemicals as well as the prevention of air pollution. ◎ de wi qu im an ◎ lik ac Es ◎ dif co Fig. 1 Roles of the emission inventory for air quality management ◎ An emission inventory can be utilized for the following purposes. ec reg ◎ ◎ Quantitative understanding of actual emissions The quantitative emissions estimates provided by an inventory promote a better understanding of the actual ran emissions and help to raise the awareness of both policy makers and the general public. Through this process, the we major emission sources can be identified, priorities for emission reduction defined and any data gaps requiring bu further work are revealed. Th lea 02 What is an Emission Inventory ? DE0067英文 07.10.2 8:18 AM ページ 3 ir e e o s s Fig. 2 Examples of application of an emission inventory ◎ Use for modeling activity Emissions data allocated geographically and temporally can be used as input data for atmospheric transport and deposition models.
    [Show full text]
  • Study on Comprehensive Assessment of Environmental Impact of Air Pollution
    sustainability Article Study on Comprehensive Assessment of Environmental Impact of Air Pollution Miao Zhang 1,2, Longyu Shi 1, Xiaofei Ma 1, Yang Zhao 1 and Lijie Gao 1,* 1 Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; [email protected] (M.Z.); [email protected] (L.S.); [email protected] (X.M.); [email protected] (Y.Z.) 2 School of Geography Science, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-592-619-0672 Abstract: Pollutants discharged from irrational energy consumption pose a serious threat to urban ecological security. The Western Taiwan Straits Economic Zone is an important part of China’s coastal economy. With the rapid development of the economy in this area, the atmospheric environmental pollution problem, caused by energy consumption, has become increasingly serious. Therefore, the study of the environmental impact assessment of air pollution in the Western Taiwan Straits Economic Zone has reference value to prevent ecological risks. This paper constructed a regional- scale environmental impact assessment model that includes pollution sources, pollution stress, and evaluation results, and evaluated the environmental impact of SO2, NO2, CO, PM10, and PM2.5 from three perspectives: regional integration, different energy consumption sectors, and different cities. The results showed that the regional environmental impact level of the research area was high, and the main pollutants transformed from SO2 to NO2, PM10, and PM2.5 from 2008 to 2016. According to the results of different sectors, the transportation sector contributes the most to NO2 and remains unchanged, and the industrial sector contributes the most to SO2, PM10, and PM2.5.
    [Show full text]