Rabies Extended Version
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Generic Amplification and Next Generation Sequencing Reveal
Dinçer et al. Parasites & Vectors (2017) 10:335 DOI 10.1186/s13071-017-2279-1 RESEARCH Open Access Generic amplification and next generation sequencing reveal Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus AP92-like strain and distinct tick phleboviruses in Anatolia, Turkey Ender Dinçer1†, Annika Brinkmann2†, Olcay Hekimoğlu3, Sabri Hacıoğlu4, Katalin Földes4, Zeynep Karapınar5, Pelin Fatoş Polat6, Bekir Oğuz5, Özlem Orunç Kılınç7, Peter Hagedorn2, Nurdan Özer3, Aykut Özkul4, Andreas Nitsche2 and Koray Ergünay2,8* Abstract Background: Ticks are involved with the transmission of several viruses with significant health impact. As incidences of tick-borne viral infections are rising, several novel and divergent tick- associated viruses have recently been documented to exist and circulate worldwide. This study was performed as a cross-sectional screening for all major tick-borne viruses in several regions in Turkey. Next generation sequencing (NGS) was employed for virus genome characterization. Ticks were collected at 43 locations in 14 provinces across the Aegean, Thrace, Mediterranean, Black Sea, central, southern and eastern regions of Anatolia during 2014–2016. Following morphological identification, ticks were pooled and analysed via generic nucleic acid amplification of the viruses belonging to the genera Flavivirus, Nairovirus and Phlebovirus of the families Flaviviridae and Bunyaviridae, followed by sequencing and NGS in selected specimens. Results: A total of 814 specimens, comprising 13 tick species, were collected and evaluated in 187 pools. Nairovirus and phlebovirus assays were positive in 6 (3.2%) and 48 (25.6%) pools. All nairovirus sequences were closely-related to the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) strain AP92 and formed a phylogenetically distinct cluster among related strains. -
Potential Arbovirus Emergence and Implications for the United Kingdom Ernest Andrew Gould,* Stephen Higgs,† Alan Buckley,* and Tamara Sergeevna Gritsun*
Potential Arbovirus Emergence and Implications for the United Kingdom Ernest Andrew Gould,* Stephen Higgs,† Alan Buckley,* and Tamara Sergeevna Gritsun* Arboviruses have evolved a number of strategies to Chikungunya virus and in the family Bunyaviridae, sand- survive environmental challenges. This review examines fly fever Naples virus (often referred to as Toscana virus), the factors that may determine arbovirus emergence, pro- sandfly fever Sicilian virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic vides examples of arboviruses that have emerged into new fever virus (CCHFV), Inkoo virus, and Tahyna virus, habitats, reviews the arbovirus situation in western Europe which is widespread throughout Europe. Rift Valley fever in detail, discusses potential arthropod vectors, and attempts to predict the risk for arbovirus emergence in the virus (RVFV) and Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV) United Kingdom. We conclude that climate change is prob- could be introduced to Europe from Africa through animal ably the most important requirement for the emergence of transportation. Finally, the family Reoviridae contains a arthropodborne diseases such as dengue fever, yellow variety of animal arbovirus pathogens, including blue- fever, Rift Valley fever, Japanese encephalitis, Crimean- tongue virus and African horse sickness virus, both known Congo hemorrhagic fever, bluetongue, and African horse to be circulating in Europe. This review considers whether sickness in the United Kingdom. While other arboviruses, any of these pathogenic arboviruses are likely to emerge such as West Nile virus, Sindbis virus, Tahyna virus, and and cause disease in the United Kingdom in the foresee- Louping ill virus, apparently circulate in the United able future. Kingdom, they do not appear to present an imminent threat to humans or animals. -
The Approved List of Biological Agents Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens Health and Safety Executive
The Approved List of biological agents Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens Health and Safety Executive © Crown copyright 2021 First published 2000 Second edition 2004 Third edition 2013 Fourth edition 2021 You may reuse this information (excluding logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence. To view the licence visit www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/ open-government-licence/, write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email [email protected]. Some images and illustrations may not be owned by the Crown so cannot be reproduced without permission of the copyright owner. Enquiries should be sent to [email protected]. The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 refer to an ‘approved classification of a biological agent’, which means the classification of that agent approved by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). This list is approved by HSE for that purpose. This edition of the Approved List has effect from 12 July 2021. On that date the previous edition of the list approved by the Health and Safety Executive on the 1 July 2013 will cease to have effect. This list will be reviewed periodically, the next review is due in February 2022. The Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens (ACDP) prepares the Approved List included in this publication. ACDP advises HSE, and Ministers for the Department of Health and Social Care and the Department for the Environment, Food & Rural Affairs and their counterparts under devolution in Scotland, Wales & Northern Ireland, as required, on all aspects of hazards and risks to workers and others from exposure to pathogens. -
Ticks and Tickborne Diseases
Ticks and Tickborne Diseases The Moredun Foundation News Sheet Vol. 6, No. 6, May 2015 Mara Rocchi PhD, MRCVS, MISTR Hugh Reid MBE, BVM&S, DipTVM, PhD, MRCVS Moredun Research Institute Neil Sargison VetMB, BA, PhD, DSHP, DipECSRHM, FRCVS Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh Key points Ticks are blood sucking obligate ectoparasites with at least 20 species indigenous to the UK, the majority only parasitising specific wildlife hosts. Ticks are spreading geographically and increasing in numbers, most likely because of climate change. Ticks are inactive in the winter and only start looking for a host when the mean weekly temperature exceeds 7oC. Ticks have a three year life cycle (or longer) with each stage requiring only one blood meal (one host). The three host life cycle of sheep ticks makes it possible for them to transmit diseases to their host during the later-stage blood meals (nymph and adult). The most common tick in the British Isles is Ixodes ricinus, the sheep tick, which is the vector for the 5 diseases below. The important diseases transmitted to livestock by ticks in the UK include: Louping ill, tickborne fever, babesiosis (redwater fever) and tick pyaemia. However the same ticks can transmit Lyme disease (Borrelia) to humans, dogs and horses. Louping ill is the most common disease of sheep spread by ticks in the UK, but there is an effective vaccine. Tickborne fever is prevalent where sheep and ticks are common and sheep should be exposed to ticks prior to mating for the first time. Tick pyaemia affects lambs (2–12 wk old) and causes significant economic loss through debilitation and death. -
Supporting Information
Supporting Information Rosenberg et al. 10.1073/pnas.1307243110 SI Results and Discussion domestic ungulates (horses, cows, sheep, goats, camels, and pigs) Of the 83 arboviruses, nonhuman vertebrate hosts have been and rodents in both groups might be a consequence of spatial identified for 70 (84%); the remaining 13 are presumed to be proximity to humans. Sentinel monkeys were often used in pro- zoonoses because there is no indication they can be transmitted cedures to isolate arboviruses, which might account for their directly between humans by vectors (Table S1). Animal hosts have higher representation among arboviruses. In contrast, there are been identified for at least 57 (44%) of the 130 nonarboviruses; an few published records of bats being routinely sampled during additional 5 (8%) are presumed on epidemiological evidence to arbovirus studies, and only two arboviruses (3%) have been iso- have nonhuman reservoirs (Table S1). A number of viruses infect lated from bats. The reason a much larger number of arbovirus more than one nonhuman vertebrate host species and it is likely species (n = 16) have been isolated from birds than have that the variety of hosts is wider than has been recorded. The nonarbovirus species (n = 1) might, however, be characteristic of predominant host groups for arboviruses (n = 70) are nonhuman the pathogenicity of the togaviruses and flaviviruses, which are primates (31%), rodents (29%), ungulates (26%), and birds (23%); much more common among the arboviruses. The most prominent for the nonarboviruses (n = 57), they are rodents (30%), ungu- vectors of arboviruses were mosquitoes (67%), ticks (19%), and lates (26%), bats (23%), and primates (16%). -
Louping Ill Importance Louping Ill Is a Zoonotic, Tick-Borne Viral Disease That Is Mainly Significant in Sheep and Red Grouse
Louping Ill Importance Louping ill is a zoonotic, tick-borne viral disease that is mainly significant in sheep and red grouse. Severe clinical signs can be seen in naive sheep flocks moved Ovine Encephalomyelitis, into endemic areas: many animals may develop neurological signs and up to 60% of Infectious Encephalomyelitis the flock can die. In resident flocks, most losses occur in unvaccinated younger of Sheep, Trembling-Ill animals that are no longer protected by maternal antibodies. Louping ill can also cause high mortality in wild red grouse, especially chicks, which affects the grouse hunting industry. Clinical cases and fatalities are reported sporadically in other Last Updated: May 2020 animals including livestock, captive wildlife and dogs. The commercial sheep vaccine for louping ill was recently withdrawn, which may make control more difficult until a new vaccine becomes available. Etiology Louping ill results from infection by louping ill virus, a member of the genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae. This virus is closely related to tickborne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and is a member of the same viral complex. This close relationship may complicate diagnosis or surveillance by serology. Several related viruses (Turkish sheep encephalitis virus, Greek goat encephalitis virus, Spanish sheep encephalitis virus and Spanish goat encephalitis virus) have been described in small ruminants outside the areas where louping ill is traditionally found. Although they were proposed as distinct species, some (or all) of these viruses are now considered to be variants of louping ill virus, as they have similar hosts, pathologies and vectors. Negishi virus, which was isolated in Japan in the 1940s, is very similar to a louping ill virus found recently in part of Russia. -
A Retrospective Epidemiological Study of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Patients with Neurological Disorders in Hokkaido, Japan
microorganisms Article A Retrospective Epidemiological Study of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Patients with Neurological Disorders in Hokkaido, Japan Kentaro Yoshii 1,2,* , Ikuko Takahashi-Iwata 3, Shinichi Shirai 3, Shintaro Kobayashi 1, Ichiro Yabe 3 and Hidenao Sasaki 3 1 Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; [email protected] 2 National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan 3 Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; [email protected] (I.T.-I.); [email protected] (S.S.); [email protected] (I.Y.); [email protected] (H.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +81-98-819-8595 Received: 5 October 2020; Accepted: 27 October 2020; Published: 28 October 2020 Abstract: Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a zoonotic disease that usually presents as a moderate febrile illness followed by severe encephalitis, and various neurological symptoms are observed depending on the distinct central nervous system (CNS) regions affected by the TBE virus (TBEV) infection. In Japan, TBE incidence is increasing and TBEV distributions are reported in wide areas, specifically in Hokkaido. However, an extensive epidemiological survey regarding TBEV has not been conducted yet. In this study, we conducted a retrospective study of the prevalence of antibodies against TBEV in patients with neurological disorders and healthy populations in a TBEV-endemic area in Hokkaido. Among 2000 patients, three patients with inflammatory diseases in the CNS had TBEV-specific IgM antibodies and neutralizing antibodies. -
Zoonotic Potential of International Trade in CITES-Listed Species Annexes B, C and D JNCC Report No
Zoonotic potential of international trade in CITES-listed species Annexes B, C and D JNCC Report No. 678 Zoonotic potential of international trade in CITES-listed species Annex B: Taxonomic orders and associated zoonotic diseases Annex C: CITES-listed species and directly associated zoonotic diseases Annex D: Full trade summaries by taxonomic family UNEP-WCMC & JNCC May 2021 © JNCC, Peterborough 2021 Zoonotic potential of international trade in CITES-listed species Prepared for JNCC Published May 2021 Copyright JNCC, Peterborough 2021 Citation UNEP-WCMC and JNCC, 2021. Zoonotic potential of international trade in CITES- listed species. JNCC Report No. 678, JNCC, Peterborough, ISSN 0963-8091. Contributing authors Stafford, C., Pavitt, A., Vitale, J., Blömer, N., McLardy, C., Phillips, K., Scholz, L., Littlewood, A.H.L, Fleming, L.V. & Malsch, K. Acknowledgements We are grateful for the constructive comments and input from Jules McAlpine (JNCC), Becky Austin (JNCC), Neville Ash (UNEP-WCMC) and Doreen Robinson (UNEP). We also thank colleagues from OIE for their expert input and review in relation to the zoonotic disease dataset. Cover Photographs Adobe Stock images ISSN 0963-8091 JNCC Report No. 678: Zoonotic potential of international trade in CITES-listed species Annex B: Taxonomic orders and associated zoonotic diseases Annex B: Taxonomic orders and associated zoonotic diseases Table B1: Taxonomic orders1 associated with at least one zoonotic disease according to the source papers, ranked by number of associated zoonotic diseases identified. -
Clinical Presentation of Meningitis in Adults
Clinical Presentation of Meningitis in Adults Prof. Dr. Serhat Ünal FACP, FEFIM Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine Department of© Infectious by author Diseases , ANKARA Meningitis Update ESCMIDESCMID PostgraduateOnline Lecture Educational Library Course September 2013, İzmir Why Is Clinical Examination Important? "If, in a fever, the neck be turned awry on a sudden, so that the sick can hardly swallow, and yet no tumour appear, it is mortal.- © by author ESCMID“Aphorism Online XXXV Lecture of Hippocrates Library” Meningitis • Meningitis is a clinical syndrome characterized by inflammation of the meninges • Infectious Meningitis – caused by a variety of infectious agents • bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. • Clinical signs and symptoms at presentation may predict prognosis • Only 25% of adults© by have author a classic presentation and are not a diagnostic dilemma. • ESCMIDMany patients Online have a Lecture less obvious Library presentation Mace SE, Emerg Med Clin N Am 2008;38:281 Spanos A et al JAMA 1998;262:2700 Clinicians Suspecting Meningitis • While taking the patient's history • Examine for – General symptoms of infection • such as fever, chills, and myalgias – Symptoms suggesting central nervous system infection © by author • photophobia, headache, nausea and vomiting, focal neurologic symptoms, or changes in mental status ESCMID Online Lecture Library Clinical Presantation of Meningitis (Dept. Of Emergency) The suspicion of ABM is critically dependent on the early recognition of the meningitis syndrome. • 156 patients with meningitis -Taiwan – I nitial ED diagnosis was correct in only 58% of the cases. • The 3 most common© by alternative author diagnoses – Nonmeningeal infection ESCMID– Metabolic encephalopathy Online Lecture Library – Nonspecific conditions Chern CH, Ann Emerg Med. -
Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Health and Disease: from Metabolic
UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE FARMÁCIA DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOQUÍMICA PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE: FROM METABOLIC DYSFUNCTION TO BIOMARKERS Rúben José Jesus Faustino Ramos Orientador: Professora Doutora Maria Isabel Ginestal Tavares de Almeida Mestrado em Análises Clínicas 2013 Pentose Phosphate Pathway in health and disease: From metabolic dysfunction to biomarkers . Via das Pentoses Fosfato na saúde e na doença: Da disfunção metabólica aos biomarcadores Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Análises Clínicas Rúben José Jesus Faustino Ramos Lisboa 2013 Orientador: Professora Doutora Maria Isabel Ginestal Tavares de Almeida The studies presented in this thesis were performed at the Metabolism and Genetics group, iMed.UL (Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences), Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal, under the supervision of Prof. Maria Isabel Ginestal Tavares de Almeida, and in collaboration with the Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Dr. Mirjam Wamelink. De acordo com o disposto no ponto 1 do artigo nº 41 do Regulamento de Estudos Pós- Graduados da Universidade de Lisboa, deliberação nº 93/2006, publicada em Diário da Republica – II série nº 153 – de 5 julho de 2003, o autor desta dissertação declara que participou na conceção e execução do trabalho experimental, interpretação dos resultados obtidos e redação dos manuscritos. Para os meus pais e -
Hantavirus Infections
Revista MVZ Córdoba ISSN: 0122-0268 ISSN: 1909-0544 [email protected] Universidad de Córdoba Colombia Hantavirus Infections Guzmán T, Camilo; Calderón R, Alfonso; González T, Marco; Mattar V, Salim Hantavirus Infections Revista MVZ Córdoba, vol. 22, 2017 Universidad de Córdoba, Colombia Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=69353273020 PDF generated from XML JATS4R by Redalyc Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative Camilo Guzmán T, et al. Hantavirus Infections Revisión de Literatura Hantavirus Infections Infecciones por hantavirus Camilo Guzmán T Redalyc: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=69353273020 Universidad de Córdoba, Colombia [email protected] Alfonso Calderón R Universidad de Córdoba, Colombia [email protected] Marco González T Universidad de Córdoba, Colombia [email protected] Salim Mattar V Universidad de Córdoba, Colombia [email protected] Received: 16 August 2016 Accepted: 08 March 2017 Abstract: Hantaviruses are the causative agents of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in humans in the Americas; e primary reservoirs are in the rodents of the subfamily Sigmodontinae. In South America, cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome caused by numerous viral genotypes have been diagnosed. In Colombia, different serological studies have reported the circulation of hantavirus in humans and rodents. ese viruses act in an intimate association with a rodent species that serves as a reservoir and have a distribution around the wild rodent, being limited to a specific geographic region. In South America, the first HPS-associated hantavirus was described in 1993 in Brazil and was called Juquitiva and from 1993 to 2012, more than 1400 cases had been identified in Brazil. -
Research Article
z Available online at http://www.journalcra.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH International Journal of Current Research Vol. 9, Issue, 12, pp.62497-62502, December, 2017 ISSN: 0975-833X RESEARCH ARTICLE INCLUSION BODIES - A REVIEW 1Dr. Mrunalini Mahesh Dadpe, 2, *Dr. Sourab Kumar, 3Dr. Mahesh Dadpe, 4Dr. Payoshnee Bhalinge Jadhav, 5Dr. Abhishek Jadhav and 6Dr. Shilpi Suman 1, 4Department of Oral Pathology, M A Rangoonwala Dental College, Aazam Campus, Camp, Pune 411001, India 2, 5, 6Department of oral Pathology, D.Y. Patil School of Dentistry, Nerul, Navi Mumbai 400706, India 3MIDSR Dental College, Vishwanathpuram, Amba Jogai Road, Latur 413531, India ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: The word inclusion means incorporation. Inclusion bodies are nuclear or cytoplasmic aggregates of Received 16th September, 2017 stainable substances which are usually ‘proteins’. They typically represent sites of viral multiplication Received in revised form in bacteria or in a eukaryotic cell and usually consist of viral capsid proteins. Inclusion bodies are 17th October, 2017 typically identified within a cell by their different appearance. Accepted 25th November, 2017 Published online 27th December, 2017 Key words: Proteins, Viral, Types, Structures Copyright © 2017, Mrunalini Mahesh Dadpe et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Citation: Dr. Mrunalini Mahesh Dadpe, Dr. Sourab Kumar, Dr. Mahesh Dadpe, Dr. Payoshnee Bhalinge Jadhav, Dr. Abhishek Jadhav and Dr. Shilpi Suman, 2017. “Inclusion Bodies - A Review”, International Journal of Current Research, 9, (12), 62497-62502. Classification INTRODUCTION Viral inclusion bodies Inclusion bodies (IB) can also be hallmarks of genetic diseases, as in the case of Neuronal Inclusion bodies in neural disorders, A.