Northern Illinois Tree Species List

Buckeye, Aesculus glabra Introduction to The Morton Arboretum Northern Illinois Tree Species List

Trees well-suited to the conditions of their sites will be healthier, more likely to succeed, and will require fewer resources for care and maintenance. The following list describes trees that grow well in northern Illinois, with recommendations on best planting sites for each species.

Importance of diversity in the landscape In the ongoing wake of ash tree destruction by the emerald ash borer, it’s vital to recognize the impact of relying so heavily on one genus, ash, just as communities did in the 1950s with elms that were later lost to Dutch elm disease. We have the opportunity now, while replacing lost ash trees, to consider the value of diversity in tree selections. We can fortify communities against impacts from future invasions and a changing Selecting the best climate by increasing the diversity of the trees we plant. tree species for Increased diversity also provides a wider variety your site is vital of food and shelter for wildlife and many other ecosystem services (such as carbon to the success of sequestration, storm water absorption, your tree planting. and nutrient cycling).

Strategies for increasing diversity in your community  Pay attention to the trees commonly planted in your neighborhood and choose something different. For example, maple trees are the most common genus planted in many neighborhoods. If you live in one of those neighborhoods, browse our list for other trees that will suit your planting site.  Aim for the 5-10-15 guideline (up to 5 percent of any one species, up to 10 percent of any one genus, and up to 15 percent of any one family). This guideline is especially useful for incorporation into tree management plans.  Select trees to suit the planting site. Consider the soil type, sun exposure, and site limitations (such as power lines, high exposure to salt spray). The variability in sites is best answered with a variety in tree selections.

Cover photograph: James R. Ault

For more information about each species, check The Morton Arboretum website at mortonarb.org/tree-selector. Key to the list

Invasive Traits These trees have invasive traits that enable them to spread aggressively. Before selecting these trees for any site, review risks carefully. IT-1 = These trees are under observation and may be listed on ofﬁcial invasive species lists in the near future. IT-2 = While these trees have demonstrated invasive traits, there is insufﬁcient supporting research to declare them so pervasive that they cannot be recommended for any planting sites.

Planting Sites Y = Yes, N = No, U = Uncertain City Parkway – Usually publicly controlled property adjacent and parallel to the roadway. Typically have high exposure to stressors (road pollutants, limited soil volume, dry soils). Widths vary. Median – Land in the center of a roadway. Typically have highest exposure to stressors (road pollutants, limited soil volume, dry soils), though medians come in many shapes and sizes. Restricted Sites – Openings in sidewalks and other pavements without soil under the pavement designed to support root growth. Although some trees tolerate restricted planting sites, growth will be restricted within 20 years unless there is at least 200 square feet of open soil around them. Smaller spaces will reduce growth sooner and to a greater extent. Residential and Parks – Open parcels of land, including commercial and industrial campuses. Typically have regular maintenance and fewer stressors than other urban sites. Under Utility Lines – Only plant trees with mature heights up to 25 feet under utility lines.

For tree and plant advice, contact the Plant Clinic at 630-719-2424, 1 email [email protected], or see mortonarb.org/plantclinic. Considerations Native to Illinois Key species traits should be considered before making your final species selection. Y = Yes, N = No For example, trees with thorns, such as hawthorn, may not be a good choice in areas Species that are native to Illinois are typically well-suited to this climate, while also where children play. providing food and shelter for native wildlife. ! = Commonly planted in the Chicago region. To avoid overplanting one species, check tree composition near you. Mature Height A = Aggressive. Capable of spreading quickly. Select a tree of appropriate size for your space. Compact (10–15 ft.) and Small (15–25 ft.) trees are suitable for planting under M = Messy. From fruit or other plant parts. utility lines, among other locations. R = Resistant to particular serious insects and diseases. BBB = bronze birch borer Medium (25–40 ft.) trees can be used in many locations. DED = Dutch elm disease Large (>40 ft.) trees are often best in large yards or park-like spaces. S = Sewer. Roots prone to invading sewer pipes. T = Thorns. For safety, be aware of thorns. Mature Width Width given is typical of tree when planted in an appropriate site. Performance Limitations Key species traits may inhibit the performance of your tree unless sited carefully. Growth Rate in First 10 Years For example, trees that are marginally hardy will need sheltered sites and may require Trees typically have a faster growth rate in the first 10 years of their lives and a additional maintenance in winter. Possible traits in this category are: slower rate as they become more established in a site. The growth rates on this list are estimates and can be affected by growing conditions, including weather and 1 = Prone to major pests and diseases. appropriateness of planting site. Note that fast-growing trees often have shorter life EAB = emerald ash borer TCD = thousand cankers disease spans and weaker branches. Possible traits in this category are: Slow (less than 10 in. per year), Moderate (10 to 20 in. per year), 2 = Weak wood and branch structure. and Fast (more than 20 in. per year). 3 = Highly susceptible to ice storm damage. 4 = Excessive sucker growth can be a problem. Light Required 5 = Intolerant of polluted soil and/or air. = Full sun, = Partial shade, = Full shade 6 = May be difficult to find in nurseries. Form 7 = Marginally hardy. The height, width, and branching pattern of a tree are important. Small, spreading trees Cultivars Available? are not appropriate near streets where

Y = Yes, N = No visibility is important, but can be very useful Shrubby Narrow Oval A cultivar is a named plant selection from which identical or near-identical plants can when screening is desired. On a site with ® be produced. An example is Accolade elm. Vegetative reproduction or cloning is the many trees, a mixture of forms can be propagation method most frequently used. Often many cultivars are selected from aesthetically pleasing. Possible forms: a single species. There are too many cultivars available to be listed individually in this shrubby, narrow, oval, pyramidal, Pyramidal Rounded Spreading guide, but selected cultivars have been included as highlights. rounded, spreading, thicket-forming, upright, weeping, vase, columnar.

Thicket-forming Upright Weeping Vase Columnar

2 For more information about each species, check The Morton Arboretum website at For tree and plant advice, contact the Plant Clinic at 630-719-2424, 3 mortonarb.org/tree-selector. email [email protected], or see mortonarb.org/plantclinic. Ideal Digging Season Trees Not Recommended for Any Sites Trees can be purchased in many forms—bare root, container, grow bag, or Due to susceptibility to pests and/or disease, the following trees are not recommended ball-and-burlap. Ball-and-burlap (B&B) trees, are dug out of nurseries and wrapped for planting anywhere in this region and usually require removal and/or replacement. in burlap for transport. Some species perform best after transplanting if they are To ﬁnd more details about these species, visit Northern Illinois Tree Selector dug in the spring. at mortonarb.org/tree-selector. Tolerances Trees Susceptible to Pests and/or Diseases Understanding site limitations is important when selecting a tree species. For example, while urban soils in northern Illinois are often alkaline, pin oaks require acidic soil. Botanical Name Common Name Pest/Disease Deicing salt can cause stress and death to certain species planted near busy roads. White-barked Testing your soil and observing your site’s conditions before you select a tree can Betula jacquemontii Bronze birch borer Himalayan birch help you avoid expensive mistakes. (For a list of soil testing facilities, visit: urbanext.illinois.edu/soiltest.) Possible traits in this category are: Betula pendula European white birch Bronze birch borer T = Tolerant Betula platyphylla Asian white birch Bronze birch borer M = Moderate I = Intolerant Betula pubescens Eurasian paper birch Bronze birch borer P = Prefers R = Requires Fraxinus americana White ash Bronze birch borer U = Uncertain Fraxinus excelsior European ash Emerald ash borer

Ornamental Interest Fraxinus nigra Black ash Emerald ash borer Many plants have especially attractive features or seasonal interest. On this list we Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green ash Emerald ash borer focus on winter interest (bark, form, persistent fruit); ﬂowers (fragrant, showy, striking, spring, summer, or fall); fruit or cones (edible, ornamental, showy, Fraxinus profunda Pumpkin ash Emerald ash borer striking, or variable); whether a tree is evergreen or deciduous; and whether a tree has fall color. Fraxinus quadrangulata Blue ash Emerald ash borer For more details on the ornamental features of these species, visit: Juglans cinerea Butternut Butternut canker mortonarb.org/tree-selector. Not suitable for region, Pinus nigra Austrian pine becomes susceptible to many pests and diseases

Not suitable for region, Pinus sylvestris Scots pine becomes susceptible to many pests and diseases

Black poplar, includes Populus nigra Canker cultivar ‘Italica’

Ulmus americana American elm Dutch elm disease

Ulmus rubra Slippery elm Dutch elm disease

4 For more information about each species, check The Morton Arboretum website at For tree and plant advice, contact the Plant Clinic at 630-719-2424, 5 mortonarb.org/tree-selector. email [email protected], or see mortonarb.org/plantclinic. Planting Site Growth Information Tolerance Ornamental Interest

Alder, European Alnus glutinosa IT-1 N N N N N 4 YN Large 20–40 Fast Pyramidal T T I I M T Bark, Deciduous N black persistent fruit Alder, European Alnus incana YYNYN 6 YN Large 20–40 Fast Pyramidal Spring T T I U I T Bark, Spring Deciduous N white or fall persistent fruit Alder, seaside Alnus maritima YYUYY 5, 6 YN Small, 16–20 Fast Pyramidal Spring T T U U M P Persistent Fall Deciduous Y medium fruit Alder, speckled Alnus incana NNNYY 6 YY Small 15–25 Moderate Multi- Spring T I M I M T Bark, Spring Deciduous N ssp. rugosa stemmed persistent fruit Arborvitae, Thuja NNNYN Many Y Large 10–15 Moderate Pyramidal Spring T P M T M M Form Evergreen N eastern occidentalis or fall Arborvitae, giant Thuja plicata NNNYN Many Y Large 15–25 Moderate Pyramidal Spring T T I I M M Form Evergreen N or fall Arborvitae, Platycladus NNNYY YN Small 10–15 Slow Pyramidal Spring T T M I T I Form Evergreen N oriental orientalis (syn. Thuja orientalis) Aspen, quaking Populus YYNYN 3, 4 YY Large 20–30 Moderate Pyramidal Spring T M T I T I Bark Deciduous Y tremuloides Basswood, Tilia americana YYNYN 3 YY Large 30–60 Moderate Pyramidal Spring T T I I M M Persistent Fragrant, Deciduous N American (linden) or fall fruit showy, spring Basswood Tilia americana YYNYN R NA NA Large 25–30 Moderate Pyramidal Spring M M I I M M Bark, Fragrant, Deciduous Y TM AMERICAN SENTRY ‘McKSentry’ (Japanese or fall persistent spring (linden) beetle) fruit Basswood, white Tilia americana YYNYN 6 NY Large 35–40 Moderate Pyramidal Spring P M I I M M Persistent Fragrant, Deciduous N var. heterophylla or fall fruit showy, summer Beech, American Fagus grandifolia NNNYN 6 YY Large 50–70 Slow Rounded Spring P M I I I I Bark, form Edible Deciduous Y Beech, European Fagus sylvatica YYNYN Many N Large 35–45 Slow Rounded Spring M T I I I I Bark, form Edible Deciduous Y Birch-WHITE SATINTM Betula ‘Madison’ N N N Y N R (BBB) NA N Medium, 25–35 Fast Pyramidal Spring T I I I T T Bark, form Spring Deciduous Y large Birch, river- Betula nigra NNNYN R (BBB) NA Y Medium 20–30 Moderate Rounded Spring T I T M T M Bark Spring Deciduous Y FOX VALLEYTM ‘Little King’ or fall Birch, gray Betula populifolia NYUYN R (BBB) 6 YN Small, 10–20 Moderate Pyramidal Spring T I T I T T Bark Spring Deciduous Y medium Birch, gray Betula populifolia YYNYN R (BBB) NA NA Medium 20–30 Fast Upright Spring M T I I M I Spring Deciduous Y ‘Whitespire ‘Whitespire Senior’ Senior’ Birch, paper Betula papyrifera NNNYN 1 (bronze YY Large 19–45 Fast Thicket- Spring P M T T I M Bark, form Spring Deciduous Y birch borer- forming some resistance), 5 Birch, RENAISSANCE Betula papyrifera NNNYN R (BBB) 5 NA Y Large 20–25 Fast Vase Spring P M T T I M Bark, form Spring Deciduous Y REFLECTION® ‘Renci’ Birch, river Betula nigra NNYYN R (BBB) YY Medium 20–30 Fast Rounded Spring P I M M I M Bark Spring Deciduous Y or fall Birch, sweet Betula lenta NNNYN R (BBB) 6 NN Large 35–45 Moderate Pyramidal Spring T T T I I T Bark Spring Deciduous Y

Birch, yellow Betula NNNYN R (BBB) 6 YY Large 60–75 Moderate Rounded Spring P T I I I T Bark Spring Deciduous Y alleghaniensis Boxelder Acer negundo NNNYN A 2, 3, 4 YY Medium, 30–50 Fast Rounded Spring T T M I T T Deciduous N large or fall M (females) Buckeye, Ohio Aesculus glabra YYYYN M 1 (leaf blotch) YY Small, 20–40 Moderate Rounded Spring P M M I M M Bark Showy, spring Deciduous Y medium or fall Buckeye, red Aesculus pavia NNNYY M 1 (leaf blotch) YN Small 15–30 Slow Rounded Fall P M M M T T Showy, spring Deciduous N Buckeye, yellow Aesculus flava YYNYN M 1 (leaf blotch), NY Large 25–35 Moderate Oval Spring P M M I M T Bark Showy, spring Deciduous Y 6 Catalpa, Chinese Catalpa ovata YYNYN M 2, 6 NN Small, 20–30 Moderate Spreading Spring M T M M T T Showy, spring Deciduous N medium or fall Catalpa, hybrid Catalpa x YYYYN M 6 YN Large 40–50 Fast Spreading Spring T T M M T I Ornamental, Deciduous N erubescens spring Catalpa, northern Catalpa speciosa YYYYN M 2 YY Large 20–40 Fast Narrow Spring T T M M T T Bark, form Fragrant, Deciduous N oval showy, spring Catalpa, southern Catalpa YYYYN M 2, 6 YN Medium, 30–40 Moderate Rounded Spring T T I I T T Bark, form Fragrant, Deciduous N bignonioides large to broad or fall showy, spring rounded Cherry, Amur Prunus maackii NYUYN 6 YN Medium, 25–35 Moderate Rounded Spring T T M I T I Bark, form Showy, spring Deciduous N large Cherry, black Prunus serotina NNNYN A M 3 NY Large 20–30 Fast Pyramidal Spring T T I T M M Bark Showy, spring Edible Deciduous Y Cherry, Higan Prunus NNNYN 4, 6 YN Small, 15–30 Moderate Weeping Spring T M T T T I Form Showy, spring Deciduous N (weeping) subhirtella medium Cherry, Japanese Prunus serrulata NNNYY YN Small 15–20 Moderate Rounded Spring T M T T I I Bark, form Fragrant, Deciduous Y owering showy, spring Cherry, Sargent Prunus sargentii NYNYN 6 YN Large 40–50 Moderate Vase Spring T M M T I I Bark Showy, spring Deciduous Y Chestnut, Chinese Castanea YYUYN M 6 YN Large 40–60 Moderate Spreading Spring P M U U T I Edible Deciduous Y mollissima Coffeetree, Gymnocladus YYYYN M YY Large 40–50 Moderate Oval, Spring T T T T T T Persistent Fragrant, Deciduous N Kentucky dioicus irregular or fall fruit (female) spring Corktree, Amur Phellodendron NNNYN A M YN Medium, 30–60 Moderate Open Spring T P M M M I Bark, form Deciduous N amurense large rounded (male only) Cornel, Japanese Cornus officinalis YYUYY 6 YN Small 15–20 Slow Open, Spring P M I I I I Bark Showy, spring Edible, Deciduous N multi- or fall showy stemmed Cottonwood, Populus deltoides NNNYN S 2, 3 YY Large 50–75 Fast Pyramidal Spring T T T I T T Bark Deciduous N eastern Crabapple Malus cultivars YYNYY M 4 (grafted Many Y Compact, Variable Moderate Variable Spring T Varies Varies I M I Form Showy, spring Variable Deciduous N and species plants) (400- small or fall 600) Crabapple, prairie Malus ioensis NNNYY YY Small, 20–30 Moderate Rounded Spring T T I I T I Form Fragrant, Edible Deciduous N medium or fall showy, summer Cypress, bald Taxodium YYYYN YY Large 20–30 Moderate Pyramidal Spring P M T I M T Bark Deciduous Y distichum conifer

Dogwood, Cornus mas YYNYY Many N Small 15–20 Slow Oval Spring T T M I I I Bark Showy, spring Edible, Deciduous Y Cornelian-cherry rounded or fall Showy to rounded Dogwood, Cornus florida NNNYN 5 Many Y Small, 20 Slow Rounded Spring R I I I I I Bark Showy, spring Showy Deciduous Y owering (>150) medium or fall Dogwood, hybrid Cornus x NNUYY R (dogwood 6 YN Compact, 10–20 Moderate Rounded Spring P M M I I M Showy, spring Deciduous Y owering rutgersensis anthracnose) small or fall Dogwood, kousa Cornus kousa YYUYN Many N Small, 21–30 Slow Rounded Spring P M M I M I Bark Showy, spring Edible, Deciduous Y medium to broad or fall showy spreading Dogwood, pagoda Cornus NNNYY YY Small 20–32 Moderate Spreading Spring P I I I I M Form Fragrant, Ornamental Deciduous Y alternifolia or fall showy, spring Elm, Frontier Ulmus ‘Frontier’ YYYYN R (DED, elm NA N Medium, 20–30 Slow Narrow Spring T T T T T T Bark Deciduous Y yellows) large Elm, lacebark Ulmus parvifolia YYYYN R (DED) YN Large 40–50 Moderate Rounded Spring T T M T T T Bark Deciduous Y Elm, Ulmus ‘Morton YYYYN R (DED) NA N Large 40–50 Fast Oval Spring T T T T T T Deciduous Y COMMENDATIONTM Stalwart’ or fall Elm, ACCOLADETM Ulmus davidiana YYNYN R (DED, leaf NA N Large 30–40 Fast Vase Spring T T M M T I Form Deciduous Y var. japonica miner, elm or fall ‘Morton’ yellows) Elm, New Horizon Ulmus ‘New YYYYN R (DED) NA N Medium, 15–25 Fast Oval Spring T T M T M M Deciduous Y Horizon’ large or fall Elm, Patriot Ulmus ‘Patriot’ YYYYN R (DED) NA N Large 30–40 Fast Oval Spring T T T T T T Deciduous Y or fall Elm, Princeton Ulmus YYYYN R (DED, elm NA N Large 30–50 Fast Vase Spring T T T T T T Form Deciduous Y americana beetles) or fall ‘Princeton’ Elm, Prospector Ulmus davidiana YYYYN R (DED, elm NA N Large 20–25 Fast Vase Spring T M I I M M Form Deciduous Y var. japonica leaf beetle, ‘Prospector’ elm yellows) Elm, Regal Ulmus ‘Regal’ YYYYN R (DED) 3 NA N Large 50–60 Moderate Oval Spring T T M M T T Deciduous N or fall Elm, Siberian Ulmus pumila IT-2 N N N N N A R (DED) 2, 3 YN Large 40–50 Fast Rounded Spring T T T T T T Deciduous N or fall Elm-DANADA Ulmus ‘Morton YYYYN R (DED, elm 2 NA N Large 50–60 Fast Vase Spring T T M M T T Deciduous Y CHARMTM Red Tip’ yellows) or fall

Elm-TRIUMPHTM Ulmus ‘Morton YYYYN R (DED, elm NA N Large 35–40 Fast Vase Spring T T M M T T Deciduous Y Glossy’ yellows) or fall Fir, Douglas Pseudotsuga NNNYN Many N Large 12–20 Slow Pyramidal Spring T T I T I I Form Ornamental Evergreen N menziesii (>350) or fall Fir, white Abies concolor NNNYN Many N Medium, 15–20 Slow Pyramidal Spring T M I I T I Form Evergreen N (>40) large or fall Fringe tree Chionanthus NNUYY 1 (potential YN Compact, 12–20 Slow Oval Spring P M U T U I Fragrant, Ornamental Deciduous N virginicus for EAB), 6 small or fall showy, spring Fringe tree, Chionanthus NNUYY 6 YN Small 15–25 Slow Rounded Spring T T U U I U Fragrant, Deciduous Y Chinese retusus or fall showy, spring

Ginkgo Ginkgo biloba YYYYN Many N Large Variable Moderate Variable Spring T T M M T I Deciduous Y (male only) Hackberry Celtis occidentalis YYYYN 2, 3 YY Large 40–50 Fast Vase Spring T P M M T T Bark Edible Deciduous Y or fall Hawthorn, Crataegus NNNYN T YY Small, 20–35 Moderate Thicket- Spring T T I I T M Form Showy, spring Showy Deciduous Y cockspur crus-galli medium forming Hawthorn, Crataegus YYNYN NA Y Small, 20–35 Moderate Rounded Spring T T T M T M Form Showy, spring Showy Deciduous Y cockspur crus-galli var. medium (thornless) inermis Hawthorn, dotted Crataegus NYNYN T 1 (cedar rust), YY Small, 20–40 Moderate Spreading Spring T T I U T T Form, Showy, spring Showy Deciduous N punctata 6 medium persistent fruit Hawthorn, downy Crataegus mollis NYNYN M T 1 (cedar rust), NY Small, 20–40 Moderate Spreading Spring T T I I T T Form Showy, spring Showy Deciduous Y 6 medium Hawthorn, English Crataegus NYNYY T 6 YN Small 15–20 Moderate Rounded Spring T T I I T I Form Showy, spring Deciduous N (whitethorn) laevigata Hawthorn, green Crataegus viridis YYNYN YY Small, 20–35 Moderate Spreading Spring T T I I T M Bark, form, Showy, spring Showy Deciduous Y medium persistent fruit Hawthorn, scarlet Crataegus NYUYY T 1 (cedar rust), YY Small 21–25 Moderate Rounded Spring T P M M M I Form Showy, spring Edible, Deciduous Y coccinea 6 showy Hawthorn, single- Crataegus NYNYN A T 6 YN Small, 20–40 Moderate Rounded Spring P T I I T I Showy, spring Deciduous N seeded monogyna medium Hawthorn, Crataegus YYNYN T 1 YY Medium 20–25 Moderate Vase Spring T T I M T M Form, Showy, spring Deciduous Y Washington phaenopyrum persistent fruit Hazelnut, Turkish Corylus colurna YYNYN 6 NN Large 15–35 Moderate Pyramidal Spring T T I I T M Bark Edible Deciduous N Hemlock, eastern Tsuga NNNYN 5 YY Large 25–35 Moderate Pyramidal Spring T T I I M I Form Ornamental Evergreen N canadensis or fall Hickory, bitternut Carya cordiformis YYNYN 6 NY Large 40–50 Slow Oval Spring P T T I I I Deciduous Y or fall Hickory, mockernut Carya tomentosa YYNYN 6 NY Large 20–30 Slow Oval Spring T I I I T I Bark Edible Deciduous Y Hickory, pignut Carya glabra YYNYN 6 NY Large 25–35 Slow Rounded Spring T T I M T I Deciduous Y Hickory, red Carya ovalis YNNYN YY Large 60–80 Slow Rounded Spring T T I I M T Edible Deciduous N Hickory, shagbark Carya ovata YYNYN 6 YY Large 30–50 Slow Oval Spring T T T I T I Bark, form Edible Deciduous Y Hickory, shellbark Carya laciniosa YYNYN 6 YY Large 50–75 Moderate Oval Spring M I I I I T Bark Edible Deciduous Y Holly, American Ilex opaca NNNYN 6, 7 Many Y Large 18–40 Slow Pyramidal Spring P M T T I I Persistent Showy Evergreen N (>1000) fruit (female) broadleaf Honey-locust Gleditsia YYYYN ! T Y Medium, 30–70 Fast Rounded Spring T T T T T T Persistent Deciduous Y triacanthos large or fall fruit (female) Honey-locust, Gleditsia YYYYN ! Many N Medium, 30–70 Fast Rounded Spring T T T T T T Persistent Deciduous Y thornless triacanthos f. large or fall fruit (female) inermis Hornbeam, Carpinus NNNYN YY Small, 20–30 Slow Oval Spring T M I I M T Bark, Deciduous Y American caroliniana medium persistent fruit

Common Botanical Invasive Traits City Parkway Median Sites Restricted & Parks Residential Under Utility Lines Considerations Performance (for B&B trees) Acid Soils Alkaline Soils Salt Spray Winter Interest Flowers Fruit/Cones or Evergreen Name Name Limitations Cultivars? Native to IL Height Mature Width Mature (ft.) Rate in Growth First 10 years Light Required Form Ideal Digging Season Soil Salt Drought Drainage Poor Deciduous Fall Color Hornbeam, Carpinus betulus YYNYN Many N Large 30–40 Slow Oval Spring T M I I T T Bark, Deciduous Y European persistent fruit, persistent leaves Horse-chestnut Aesculus YYYYN M 1 (leaf blotch, YN Large 40–65 Moderate Rounded Spring T T T M I M Showy, spring Deciduous N hippocastanum anthracnose) Horse-chestnut, Aesculus x YYUYN M YN Medium 30–40 Moderate Rounded Spring P M T I I I Showy, spring Deciduous N red carnea Ironwood Ostrya virginiana YYNYN YY Medium, 15–40 Slow Oval Spring T T M I T I Bark, Deciduous Y large persistent fruit Juniper, Chinese Juniperus NNNYN Many N Large 15–20 Moderate Pyramidal Spring T T T I T I Form Ornamental Evergreen N chinensis (>75) or fall Katsura tree Cercidiphyllum YYNYN YN Large 20–30 Moderate Pyramidal Spring T M T M I T Spring Deciduous Y japonicum Larch, European Larix decidua NNNYN 5 YN Large 25–30 Fast Pyramidal Spring T M T I I I Spring Ornamental Deciduous Y conifer Larch, Japanese Larix kaempferi YYNYN 5, 6 YN Large 25–40 Fast Pyramidal Spring T M T T I T Ornamental Deciduous Y conifer Lilac, Peking Syringa YYNYY 6 YN Small 10–15 Moderate Rounded Spring T T T M M I Bark Fragrant, Ornamental Deciduous N pekinensis or fall showy, spring Lilac, Peking- Syringa YYNYY NA N Small 10–15 Moderate Oval Spring T T T T M I Bark Fragrant, Ornamental Deciduous N BEJING GOLDTM pekinensis or fall showy, ‘Zhang Zhiming’ summer Lilac, Peking- Syringa YYNYY NA N Small, 15–25 Moderate Rounded Spring T T T M M I Bark, form, Fragrant, Ornamental Deciduous N CHINA SNOWTM pekinensis medium or fall persistent showy, spring ‘Morton’ fruit Lilac, Japanese tree Syringa reticulata YYYYN YN Small, 15–25 Slow Rounded Spring T T T T I I Bark Fragrant, Ornamental Deciduous N medium or fall showy, spring Linden, big-leaved Tilia platyphyllos YYNYN 6 YN Large 50–60 Moderate Pyramidal Spring T P T U I I Form Fragrant, Deciduous N or fall spring Linden, little-leaved Tilia cordata YYNYN 1 (Japanese YN Large 30–40 Moderate Pyramidal Spring T T I M T M Form, Fragrant, Deciduous Y beetle) or fall persistent summer fruit Linden, Mongolian Tilia mongolica YYNYN 6 YN Small, 15–25 Slow Pyramidal Spring T T I U I I Bark Summer Deciduous Y medium or fall Linden, silver Tilia tomentosa YYNYN YN Large 25–40 Moderate Pyramidal Spring T T T T I I Fragrant, Deciduous Y or fall summer Locust, black Robinia IT-2 N N N N N A M 1 (locust YY Medium, 20–35 Fast Oval Spring T T T T T I Bark, Fragrant, Deciduous N pseudoacacia borers), large persistent showy, spring 2, 3, 4 fruit Maackia, Amur Maackia YYYYN YN Small, 20–35 Slow Rounded Spring T T I I T I Bark Showy, Deciduous N amurensis medium fragrant, summer Magnolia, Magnolia NNNYN 5, 6 Many Y Large 50–80 Moderate Pyramidal Spring P T I I I I Bark, form, Showy, Ornamental Deciduous Y cucumber acuminata persistent summer fruit, Magnolia, Japanese Magnolia kobus NNNYN 2, 6 YN Medium 30–40 Slow Rounded Spring T T M U T T Bark Fragrant, Ornamental Deciduous N (Northern) var. borealis showy, spring Magnolia, Magnolia x NNNYN 5 YN Small, 20–40 Slow Rounded Spring T M M I I I Bark, form Fragrant, Ornamental Deciduous N Loebner’s loebneri medium showy, spring

Magnolia, saucer Magnolia x NNNYN M Many N Small, 20–30 Moderate Rounded Spring T T M I M I Bark Showy, spring Ornamental Deciduous N soulangiana medium Magnolia, star Magnolia stellata NNNYY 2 Many N Small 10–15 Slow Rounded Spring T T M I T T Bark Fragrant, Ornamental Deciduous N showy, spring Magnolia, sweetbay Magnolia NNNYY Many N Compact, 10–20 Moderate Pyramidal Spring R I M I I T Bark Fragrant, Ornamental Deciduous N virginiana small showy, spring Magnolia, umbrella Magnolia NNNYN 6 Many N Small, 15–30 Moderate Pyramidal Spring T M I I I I Showy, spring Ornamental Deciduous Y tripetala medium Maple-STATE Acer miyabei YYNYN NA N Large 30–35 Fast Oval Spring T T M I T M Bark, form Deciduous Y STREETTM ‘Morton’ or fall Maple, Amur Acer ginnala IT-1 N N N N N ! YN Small 15–18 Moderate Rounded T M M I T M Bark Fragrant Ornamental Deciduous Y Maple, black Acer nigrum YYNYN ! YY Large 40–50 Moderate Rounded Spring P T I I M I Deciduous Y Maple, Freeman’s Acer x freemanii YYNYN ! YY Large 20–40 Fast Oval Spring T M M I T M Bark Deciduous Y or fall Maple, fullmoon Acer japonicum NNNYN YN Medium 20–40 Moderate Rounded Spring P M I I I I Form Deciduous Y or fall Maple, hedge Acer campestre IT-2 N N N N N ! A YN Medium 25–35 Moderate Rounded Spring T P T I T I Deciduous Y Maple, Japanese Acer palmatum NNNYY Many N Small 15–35 Slow Rounded Spring T M I M I I Bark, form Deciduous Y (>200) or fall Maple, Marmo Acer x freemanii YYNYN ! NA N Large 35–40 Fast Oval Spring P T I I M T Deciduous Y Freeman’s ‘Marmo’ Maple, nikko Acer NNNYN 6 YN Medium, 30–45 Slow Oval Spring T M I U I I Form Deciduous Y maximowiczianum large or fall Maple, Norway Acer platanoides IT-2 N N N N N ! A Many N Large 35–50 Fast Rounded T T T M T T Deciduous Y (>100) Maple, paperbark Acer griseum NNNYN YN Medium 10–30 Slow Oval Spring T M M M M T Bark Deciduous Y Maple, red Acer rubrum NNNYN ! 5 Many Y Large 35–45 Moderate Rounded Spring P M I I I T Ornamental Deciduous Y (>75) or fall Maple, Shantung Acer truncatum YYNYY R (leaf scorch) YN Small 15–25 Slow Rounded Spring P M M U T T Showy Deciduous Y or fall Maple, silver Acer NNYNN ! A M S 2, 3 YY Large 30–50 Fast Spreading Spring T M M I T T Deciduous Y saccharinum or fall Maple, sugar Acer saccharum NNNYN ! 5 Many Y Large 40–50 Moderate Oval Spring T T I I I I Deciduous Y Maple, sugar- Acer saccharum NNNYN ! 5 NA Y Large 30–35 Moderate Rounded Spring T I I I T I Deciduous Y CRESCENDOTM ‘Morton’ Maple, sycamore Acer YYYYN YN Large 35–60 Moderate Rounded Spring T T T I I I Bark Deciduous N pseudoplatanus Maple, three- Acer triflorum NNNYY 6 NN Small, 20–30 Slow Oval Spring P I M M M I Bark, form, Deciduous Y owered medium persistent fruit Maple, trident Acer YYYYN 6, 7 YN Medium 15–25 Moderate Oval Spring P M M T T I Bark, form Deciduous Y buergerianum

Mulberry, red Morus rubra YYYYN M 2, 6 YY Large 40–50 Moderate Rounded Spring T P T I I T Bark Ornamental, Deciduous Y or fall edible (female)

Mulberry, white Morus alba YYYYN A (choose 2 YN Medium, 30–50 Fast Rounded Spring T T T T T M Ornamental Deciduous Y (cultivars or cultivars or large or fall males) males) M Oak, black Quercus velutina YYNYN M 6 YY Large 40–70 Moderate Rounded Spring P M T I T I Deciduous N Oak, bur Quercus YYNYN M YY Large 70–80 Moderate Rounded Spring T P I M T T Form Deciduous N macrocarpa Oak, chestnut Quercus montana YYNYN M NY Large 60–70 Moderate Rounded Spring P T I I T I Bark Deciduous N Oak, chinkapin Quercus NNNYN M NY Large 50–70 Moderate Rounded Spring M T I I T M Form Deciduous N muehlenbergii Oak, English Quercus robur YYYYN M 1 (two-lined YN Large 75–100 Moderate Rounded Spring T T M I M M Deciduous N chestnut borer)

Oak, northern pin Quercus YYNYN M 6 YY Large 40–75 Moderate Oval Spring P I I M T I Deciduous Y (Hill’s) ellipsoidalis Oak, northern red Quercus rubra YYNYN M YY Large 60–75 Moderate Rounded Spring T M I M T T Form Deciduous Y Oak, pin Quercus palustris NNNYN M 1 (chlorosis YY Large 40–50 Fast Pyramidal Spring R I M I I T Form Deciduous Y if planted in alkaline soil) Oak, scarlet Quercus coccinea NNNYN M YY Large 40–75 Moderate Oval Spring P I I T M I Form Deciduous Y Oak, shingle Quercus YYYYN M NY Large 50–60 Moderate Pyramidal Spring T M I I T M Deciduous N imbricaria Oak, Shumard’s Quercus shumardii YYNYN M 6 YY Large 40–60 Moderate Pyramidal Spring T T I T T T Deciduous Y Oak, swamp Quercus YYNYN M 6 NY Large 40–60 Moderate Rounded Spring T T I I I T Deciduous Y chestnut michauxii Oak, swamp white Quercus bicolor YYYYN M YY Large 50–60 Moderate Rounded Spring T M I M T T Deciduous Y Oak, Ware’s Quercus x warei YYUYN M 6 Y NA Medium, 20–25 Fast Columnar Spring P M I U T M Form Deciduous Y large Oak, white Quercus alba YYNYN M YY Large 100 Moderate Rounded Spring T I I I T I Form Deciduous Y Oak-CRIMSON Quercus YYYYN M YN Large 10–20 Fast Columnar Spring T T I I T M Form Deciduous Y SPIRETM ‘Crimschmidt’ Osage-orange Maclura YYNYN A 6 YN Small, 20–40 Moderate Rounded Spring T T T T T T Bark, form Striking Deciduous Y medium or fall pomifera M (females) T Parrotia (Persian Parrotia persica NNNYN 6 YN Small, 15–30 Moderate Oval Spring P T U U T I Bark Spring Deciduous Y ironwood) medium Pawpaw Asimina triloba NNNYY 4, 6 YY Small 15–20 Slow Pyramidal Spring T I I I I T Bark, form Striking, spring Ornamental, Deciduous Y edible Pear, Callery Pyrus calleryana IT-1 N N N N N ! A 2, 3 YN Medium, 20–35 Moderate Pyramidal T T M I T T Deciduous Y large Pecan Carya YYNYN M 6 Many Y Large 40–75 Moderate Oval Spring T M I I I T Form Edible Deciduous N illinoinensis (>500) Persimmon Diospyros YYNYN 6 YY Medium, 20–35 Moderate Oval Spring Bark Fragrant, Edible Deciduous Y M (females) T T M I T T virginiana large spring Pine, Balkan Pinus peuce NNNYN 6 YN Medium, 20–25 Slow Pyramidal Spring P M I M T I Form Edible Evergreen N large or fall

Pine, eastern white Pinus strobus NNNYN 5 Many Y Large 20–40 Moderate Pyramidal Spring P M I I I M Form Edible Evergreen N (>150) or fall Pine, jack Pinus banksiana NNNYN 3, 6 YY Medium, 10–20 Slow Open Spring P T T I T I Bark, form Evergreen N large spreading Pine, Japanese Pinus thunbergii NNNYN 6, 7 Many N Small, 20–35 Moderate Pyramidal Spring T T T T T I Form Evergreen N black (>50) medium, large Pine, Japanese Sciadopitys NNNYN 6 YN Small, 15–20 Slow Pyramidal Spring R I T T I T Bark, form Evergreen N umbrella verticillata medium Pine, Japanese Pinus parviflora NNNYN 6 Many N Medium, 25–50 Slow Pyramidal Spring T M T I M I Form Edible Evergreen N white (>300) large or fall Pine, lacebark Pinus bungeana NNNYN 2, 6 YN Medium, 20–35 Slow Pyramidal Spring T T I I M I Bark, form Edible Evergreen N large or fall Pine, limber Pinus flexilis NNNYN Y N Medium, 15–35 Slow Pyramidal Spring T T M I T I From Edible Evergreen N (>50) large or fall Pine, Swiss stone Pinus cembra NNNYN Many N Medium, 15–25 Slow Columnar Spring T T T U T I Form Edible Evergreen N (>50) large or fall Planetree, London Platanus x YYYYN YN Large 65–80 Fast Pyramidal Spring T M M I T M Bark Striking Deciduous N acerifolia Planetree, London- Platanus x YYYYN R NA N Large 40–50 Fast Pyramidal Spring T T T T T M Bark Striking Deciduous N TM EXCLAMATION! acerifolia (anthracnose) ‘Morton Circle’ Plum, wild Prunus NNNYY A 4 YY Small 15–25 Moderate Thicket- Spring T M I I T M Showy, spring Ornamental, Deciduous Y americana forming edible Poplar, white Populus alba IT-2 N N N N N A M 2, 4 YN Large 40–70 Fast Rounded T T T M I M Bark Deciduous N Redbud Cercis NNNYN M Many N Small, 25–35 Moderate Rounded Spring T T I I I I Bark, Showy, spring Ornamental Deciduous Y canadensis medium or fall persistent fruit Red-cedar, eastern Juniperus YYNYN Many Y Large 8–20 Moderate Pyramidal Spring T P T T T I Bark, form Showy Evergreen N virginiana or fall Redwood, dawn Metasequoia YYYYN YN Large 25 Fast Pyramidal Spring P I M I T T Bark, form Deciduous Y glyptostroboides conifer Rubber-tree, hardy Eucommia YYYYN YN Large 30–50 Moderate Rounded Spring T T M M T T Deciduous N ulmoides or fall Sassafras Sassafras NNNYN 4, 6 YY Small, 25–40 Moderate Pyramidal Spring P M M I T I Ornamental Deciduous Y albidum medium Scholar tree, Styphnolobium YYYYN 6 YN Large 50–75 Moderate Rounded Spring T T M T T M Fragrant, Deciduous N Japanese japonicum or fall showy, summer Serviceberry, Amelanchier YYNYY YY Small 15–25 Moderate Narrow Spring T M I I I T Bark, form Fragrant, Ornamental, Deciduous Y Alleghany laevis or fall showy, spring edible Serviceberry, apple Amelanchier x YYNYY Y NA Small 20–25 Moderate Spreading Spring T M T I M I Bark, form Showy, spring Ornamental, Deciduous Y grandiora or fall edible Serviceberry, Amelanchier NYNYY 5 Y Y Small Variable Moderate Narrow Spring P M M I T T Bark, form Showy, spring Edible Deciduous Y downy arborea or fall Shadbush, inland Amelanchier NYNYY 6 YY Small 20–30 Moderate Narrow Spring T T I I I I Bark, form Fragrant, Edible Deciduous Y interior or fall showy, spring

Spruce, Black Hills Picea glauca NNNYN YN Small, 10–15 Moderate Rounded Spring T I M M M I Form Evergreen N var. densata medium or fall Spruce, blue Picea pungens NNNYN YN Medium, 10–20 Moderate Pyramidal Spring T T T M T I Form Evergreen N var. glauca large or fall Spruce, Norway Picea abies NNNYN Many N Large 25–30 Moderate Pyramidal Spring T M M M I I Form Evergreen N (>100) or fall Spruce, oriental Picea orientalis NNNYN 5, 6 YN Large 15–25 Slow Pyramidal Spring T T U U M I Form Evergreen N Spruce, Serbian Picea omorika NNNYN 5 YN Large 20–25 Slow Pyramidal Spring T M I M M I Form Evergreen N or fall Spruce, white Picea glauca NNNYN Many N Large 10–20 Slow Pyramidal Spring T M I I I I Form Evergreen N (>100) or fall Sugarberry Celtis laevigata YYNYN 4, 6 YY Large 40–60 Fast Rounded Spring M T T T M T Edible Deciduous N or fall Sweet-gum Liquidambar NNNYN M 5, 7 Many Y Large 40–75 Fast Pyramidal Spring P I T T T T Deciduous Y styraciflua Sycamore Platanus YYNYN M YY Large 50–70 Fast Rounded Spring T P M T I T Bark Ornamental Deciduous N (buttonwood) occidentalis Tamarack Larix laricina NNNYN 5 YY Large 30–50 Fast Pyramidal Spring T T T I I T Bark Ornamental Deciduous Y conifer Tree of heaven Ailanthus IT-1 N N N N N 4 YN Large 35–60 Fast Spreading T T T T T T Persistent Deciduous N altissima fruit (female) Tulip-tree Liriodendron YYNYN 2, 3, 7 Many Y Large 35–50 Fast Oval Spring T M I I I I Form Showy, Deciduous Y tulipifera summer Tupelo (black gum) Nyssa sylvatica YYNYN 6 YY Medium, 20–30 Moderate Spreading Spring P I M M M M Bark, form, Ornamental Deciduous Y large persistent fruit (female) Walnut, black Juglans nigra YYNYN M 1 (TCD), 6 YY Large 30–50 Moderate Rounded Spring I M T I M M Form Edible Deciduous N Willow, black Salix nigra NNNYN S 2, 3, 4 YY Medium, 30–60 Fast Oval Spring T M M M I T Bark, form Deciduous N large Willow, weeping Salix alba NNNYN S 2, 3 YN Large 50–100 Fast Weeping Spring T T M T I T Showy, spring Deciduous Y ‘Tristis’ Willow, white Salix alba NNNYN S 2, 3 YN Large 50–100 Fast Upright Spring T T M T I T Showy, spring Deciduous Y Yellowwood Cladrastis YYNYN 2, 3, 6 YN Medium, 40–55 Moderate Rounded Spring T T M M M M Bark, form, Fragrant, Deciduous Y kentukea large or fall persistent showy, spring fruit Zelkova, Japanese Zelkova serrata YYYYN 3 YN Large 50–75 Fast Vase Spring T M M T T I Bark, form Deciduous Y

Invasive Traits Planting Sites Considerations Performance Limitations Light Required Tolerances IT-1 = Demonstrates invasive Y = Yes 1 = Prone to pests/diseases 4 = Excessive sucker growth T KEY ! = Commonly planted R = Resistant = Full sun = Tolerant traits; likely to be listed as N = No EAB–emerald ash borer = A = Aggressive BBB–bronze birch borer 5 Intolerant of polluted soil/air = Partial shade M = Moderate invasive plant in near future = Uncertain TCD–thousand cankers disease U DED–dutch elm disease 6 = ificult to find in nurseries = M = Messy = Full shade I Intolerant IT-2 = Extent of invasiveness 2 = Weak wood/branch structure S = Sewer 7 = Marginally hardy P = Prefers under observation 3 = Susceptible to ice storm damage 22 T = Thorns R = Requires 23 U = Uncertain For more information about each species, check The Morton Arboretum website at mortonarb.org/tree-selector. Notes In keeping with The Morton Arboretum’s goal to plant and conserve trees, this paper contains post-consumer fiber. fiber. post-consumer contains paper this trees, conserve and plant to goal Arboretum’s Morton The with keeping In to display them across naturally beautiful landscapes landscapes beautiful naturally across them display to a greener, healthier, and more beautiful world. world. beautiful more and a greener, healthier, and other plants from around the world, world, the around from plants other and The mission of The Morton Arboretum Arboretum Morton The of mission The in ways that enhance our environment. environment. our enhance that ways in is to collect and study trees, shrubs, shrubs, trees, study and collect to is the planting and protection of trees trees of protection and planting the and to learn how to grow them grow them how to learn to and for people to study and enjoy, and study to people for Our goal is to encourage encourage to is goal Our 630-968-0074 and other plants for for plants other and 4100 IllinoisRoute53 © 2015 The Morton Arboretum Arboretum Morton © 2015 The OUR MISSION Lisle, Illinois60532 • mortonarb.org

20M_LOW_0115_Rolland Opaque 80C/70T