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Molecular Phylogeny, Divergence Times and Biogeography of Spiders of the Subfamily Euophryinae (Araneae: Salticidae) ⇑ Jun-Xia Zhang A, , Wayne P
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 68 (2013) 81–92 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Molec ular Phylo genetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Molecular phylogeny, divergence times and biogeography of spiders of the subfamily Euophryinae (Araneae: Salticidae) ⇑ Jun-Xia Zhang a, , Wayne P. Maddison a,b a Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4 b Department of Botany and Beaty Biodiversity Museum, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4 article info abstract Article history: We investigate phylogenetic relationships of the jumping spider subfamily Euophryinae, diverse in spe- Received 10 August 2012 cies and genera in both the Old World and New World. DNA sequence data of four gene regions (nuclear: Revised 17 February 2013 28S, Actin 5C; mitochondrial: 16S-ND1, COI) were collected from 263 jumping spider species. The molec- Accepted 13 March 2013 ular phylogeny obtained by Bayesian, likelihood and parsimony methods strongly supports the mono- Available online 28 March 2013 phyly of a Euophryinae re-delimited to include 85 genera. Diolenius and its relatives are shown to be euophryines. Euophryines from different continental regions generally form separate clades on the phy- Keywords: logeny, with few cases of mixture. Known fossils of jumping spiders were used to calibrate a divergence Phylogeny time analysis, which suggests most divergences of euophryines were after the Eocene. Given the diver- Temporal divergence Biogeography gence times, several intercontinental dispersal event sare required to explain the distribution of euophry- Intercontinental dispersal ines. Early transitions of continental distribution between the Old and New World may have been Euophryinae facilitated by the Antarctic land bridge, which euophryines may have been uniquely able to exploit Diolenius because of their apparent cold tolerance. -
SHORT COMMUNICATION Presence of Vaejovis Franckei in Epiphytic
2009. The Journal of Arachnology 37:371–372 SHORT COMMUNICATION Presence of Vaejovis franckei in epiphytic bromeliads in three temperate forest types Demetria Mondrago´n and Gabriel Isaı´as Cruz Ruiz: Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigacio´n para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR) Unidad Oaxaca, Calle Hornos No. 1003. Santa Cruz Xoxocotla´n, Oaxaca, Me´xico. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Reports of scorpions on epiphytic bromeliads in temperate forests are scarce. Here we present some ecological aspects of this animal-plant interaction in three different types of temperate forests (pine, pine-oak and oak forest) in Oaxaca, Mexico. From 2005 to 2007, we collected 373 bromeliads belonging to 10 species, and each plant was defoliated in search of scorpions. We found 35 individuals of Vaejovis franckei Sissom 1989 in 19 bromeliads: 22 specimens in Tillandsia carlos-hankii with 21% occupancy and an average abundance of 2.1 6 1.9 individuals/plant; 12 specimens in T. prodigiosa (10% occupancy, average abundance 5 1.6 6 0.6) and one specimen in T. calothyrsus (3% occupancy, average abundance 5 1 6 0.0). Pine-oak forest had 29 individuals; pine forest, 4 individuals; and oak forest, 2 individuals. Percentage of occupancy differed among localities, while average abundance remained the same. Vaejovis franckei preferred T. carlos- hankii and pine-oak forest, which was correlated with the percentage of occupancy but not with the average abundance. Keywords: Phytotelmata, Mexico The presence of scorpions in tank-type bromeliads has been widely percentage of occupancy differed among sampling localities (8% in 2 reported (Lucas 1975; Richardson 1999; Santos et al. -
Sexual Selection Research on Spiders: Progress and Biases
Biol. Rev. (2005), 80, pp. 363–385. f Cambridge Philosophical Society 363 doi:10.1017/S1464793104006700 Printed in the United Kingdom Sexual selection research on spiders: progress and biases Bernhard A. Huber* Zoological Research Institute and Museum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany (Received 7 June 2004; revised 25 November 2004; accepted 29 November 2004) ABSTRACT The renaissance of interest in sexual selection during the last decades has fuelled an extraordinary increase of scientific papers on the subject in spiders. Research has focused both on the process of sexual selection itself, for example on the signals and various modalities involved, and on the patterns, that is the outcome of mate choice and competition depending on certain parameters. Sexual selection has most clearly been demonstrated in cases involving visual and acoustical signals but most spiders are myopic and mute, relying rather on vibrations, chemical and tactile stimuli. This review argues that research has been biased towards modalities that are relatively easily accessible to the human observer. Circumstantial and comparative evidence indicates that sexual selection working via substrate-borne vibrations and tactile as well as chemical stimuli may be common and widespread in spiders. Pattern-oriented research has focused on several phenomena for which spiders offer excellent model objects, like sexual size dimorphism, nuptial feeding, sexual cannibalism, and sperm competition. The accumulating evidence argues for a highly complex set of explanations for seemingly uniform patterns like size dimorphism and sexual cannibalism. Sexual selection appears involved as well as natural selection and mechanisms that are adaptive in other contexts only. Sperm competition has resulted in a plethora of morpho- logical and behavioural adaptations, and simplistic models like those linking reproductive morphology with behaviour and sperm priority patterns in a straightforward way are being replaced by complex models involving an array of parameters. -
Speculative Hunting by an Araneophagic Salticid Spider
SPECULATIVE HUNTINGBY ANARANEOPHAGICSAL TICID SPIDER by ROBERT J.CLARK , DUANE P.HARLAND and ROBERT R.JACKSON 1,2) (Departmentof Zoology,University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand) (Acc.3-VII-2000) Summary Portia mbriata ,anaraneophagic jumping spider ( Salticidae),makes undirected leaps ( er- raticleaping with no particulartarget being evident) in the presence of chemicalcues from Jacksonoidesqueenslandicus ,anothersalticid and a commonprey of P. mbriata. Whether undirectedleaping by P. mbriata functionsas hunting by speculation is investigatedexperi- mentally.Our rsthypothesis, that undirected leaps provoke movement by J.queenslandicus , wasinvestigated using living P. mbriata andthree types of luresmade from dead, dry arthro- pods (P. mbriata, J.queenslandicus and Muscadomestica ).When a living P. mbriata made undirectedleaps or aspring-drivendevice made the lures suddenly move up and down, sim- ulatingundirected leaping, J.queenslandicus respondedby wavingits palps and starting to walk.There was no statisticalevidence that the species from which the lure was made in u- enced J.queenslandicus ’responsein these tests. Our second hypothesis, that J.queenslandi- cus revealsits location to P. mbriata bymoving, was investigated by recording P. mbriata’s reaction to J.queenslandicus when J.queenslandicus reactedto luressimulating undirected leaping.In these tests, P. mbriata respondedby turning toward J.queenslandicus and waving its palps. Keywords: Portia mbriata , Jacksonoidesqueenslandicus ,jumpingspiders, predation, spec- ulativehunting. 1) Correspondingauthor; e-mail address: [email protected] 2) WethankPhil T aylorand David Blest for useful discussion and valuable comments on the manuscript.Financial support was provided by theNational Science Foundation ( GrantBNS 861078)and the Marsden Fund of New Zealand(Grant UOC512). c KoninklijkeBrill NV ,Leiden,2000 Behaviour137, 1601-1612 ® 1602 CLARK, HARLAND&JACKSON Introduction Ageneralproblem facing predators is howto locate prey(Curio, 1976). -
Field Biology Booklet 2011
Field Biology Booklet 2011 Field Biology 2011 Leroy Percy State Park Tishomingo State Park The students and faculty of Field Biology, Summer Trimester 2011, Dr. Thomas Rauch Frank Beilmann Haley Bryant Courtney Daley Jennifer Farmer Jillian Ferrell Amy Ford Jessie Martin Rendon Martin Kayla Ross Whit Sanguinetti Katy Scott Laila Younes Nafiyah Younes would like to thank the manager of Leroy Percy State Park, Betty Bennett, for her hospitality, kindness, and generosity and the manager of Tishomingo State Park, Bill Brekeen, for his help and overwhelming support of our Field Biology class. The 2011 Field Biology class would also like to thank Ms. Heather Sullivan and Ms. Margaret Howell for helping us identify numerous species, and Mr. Bob Gresham for allowing us to explore on his property. In addition, the students would like to extend a HUGE thank you to our beloved professor, Dr. Thomas Rauch (Rauchfiki). This booklet was made by the students of the 2011 Field Biology class and is not sponsored by William Carey University (i.e. it is not used for the purpose of keying organisms). All collections were done in and around Leroy Percy State Park in the Mississippi Delta, in and around Tishomingo State Park in Mississippi, and right over the Alabama border. Various means were used to identify animals including bird calls and tracks, as well as many species identification books. We, the 2011 Field biology students, fully enjoyed our field biology experience. We hope that this booklet will give you a glimpse into all that we were able to learn, as well as all the fun times we shared. -
Visual Perception in Jumping Spiders (Araneae,Salticidae)
Visual Perception in Jumping Spiders (Araneae,Salticidae) A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biology at the University of Canterbury by Yinnon Dolev University of Canterbury 2016 Table of Contents Abstract.............................................................................................................................................................................. i Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................................................... iii Preface ............................................................................................................................................................................. vi Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2: Innate pattern recognition and categorisation in a jumping Spider ........................................................... 9 Abstract ....................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 11 Methods ..................................................................................................................................................................... -
Phylogeny of the North American Vaejovid Scorpion Subfamily Syntropinae Kraepelin, 1905, Based on Morphology, Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA
Cladistics Cladistics 31 (2015) 341–405 10.1111/cla.12091 Phylogeny of the North American vaejovid scorpion subfamily Syntropinae Kraepelin, 1905, based on morphology, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA Edmundo Gonzalez-Santill an a,b,*,†,‡ and Lorenzo Prendinib aThe Graduate Center, City University of New York, CUNY, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA; bScorpion Systematics Research Group, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024-5192, USA; †Present address: Laboratorio Nacional de Genomica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Leon, C.P. 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico; ‡Present address: Laboratorio de Aracnologıa, Departamento de Biologıa Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Coyoacan, C.P. 04510, Mexico D.F., Mexico Accepted 25 June 2014 Abstract The first rigorous analysis of the phylogeny of the North American vaejovid scorpion subfamily Syntropinae is presented. The analysis is based on 250 morphological characters and 4221 aligned DNA nucleotides from three mitochondrial and two nuclear gene markers, for 145 terminal taxa, representing 47 species in 11 ingroup genera, and 15 species in eight outgroup genera. The monophyly and composition of Syntropinae and its component genera, as proposed by Soleglad and Fet, are tested. The follow- ing taxa are demonstrated to be para- or polyphyletic: Smeringurinae; Syntropinae; Vaejovinae; Stahnkeini; Syntropini; Syntrop- ina; Thorelliina; Hoffmannius; Kochius; and Thorellius. The spinose (hooked or toothed) margin of the distal barb of the sclerotized hemi-mating plug is demonstrated to be a unique, unambiguous synapomorphy for Syntropinae, uniting taxa previ- ously assigned to different subfamilies. -
Aranhas (Araneae, Arachnida) Do Estado De São Paulo, Brasil: Diversidade, Esforço Amostral E Estado Do Conhecimento
Biota Neotrop., vol. 11(Supl.1) Aranhas (Araneae, Arachnida) do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil: diversidade, esforço amostral e estado do conhecimento Antonio Domingos Brescovit1,4, Ubirajara de Oliveira2,3 & Adalberto José dos Santos2 1Laboratório de Artrópodes, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil, n. 1500, CEP 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, e-mail: [email protected] 2Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG, Av. Antonio Carlos, n. 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 3Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG 4Autor para correspondência: Antonio Domingos Brescovit, e-mail: [email protected] BRESCOVIT, A.D., OLIVEIRA, U. & SANTOS, A.J. Spiders (Araneae, Arachnida) from São Paulo State, Brazil: diversity, sampling efforts, and state-of-art. Biota Neotrop. 11(1a): http://www.biotaneotropica.org. br/v11n1a/en/abstract?inventory+bn0381101a2011. Abstract: In this study we present a database of spiders described and registered from the Neotropical region between 1757 and 2008. Results are focused on the diversity of the group in the State of São Paulo, compared to other Brazilian states. Data was compiled from over 25,000 records, published in scientific papers dealing with Neotropical fauna. These records enabled the evaluation of the current distribution of the species, the definition of collection gaps and priority biomes, and even future areas of endemism for Brazil. A total of 875 species, distributed in 50 families, have been described from the State of São Paulo. -
Himenopteros Parasitoides De Phyllocnistis Citrella St
Folia Entomol. Mex. 40(1):83-91 (2001) HIMENOPTEROS PARASITOIDES DE PHYLLOCNISTIS CITRELLA ST AINTON (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE) EN TAMAULIPAS Y NORTE DE VERACRUZ, MEXICO, CON UNA CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES 1 2 ENRIQUE RUÍZ CANCIN0 , CELESTINO MARTÍNEZ BERNAV· , JUANA 1 3 MARÍA CORONADO BLANC0 , JUAN ROBERTO MATEOS CRESP0 Y JORGE E. PEÑA4 'UAM Agronomía y Ciencias, UAT. 87149 Cd. Victoria, Tam., MEXICO. 'Dirección General de Sanidad Vegetal, SAGAR, Cd. Victoria, Tam., MEXICO. 'Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Veracruzana, Apartado Postal 70, Tuxpan, Ver., MEXICO. 'Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, U.S.A. RESUMEN. Once especies parasíticas del minador de la hoja de los cítricos, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, fueron obtenidas en Tamaulipas y norte de Veracruz (diez de Eulophidae y una de Elasmidae). El género Cirrospilus está representado por tres especies, al menos, Cirrospilus sp C fue la especie más común. Se registra a Cirrospilus sp. B como parasitoide de P. citrella en México. Se elaboró una clave para la determinación taxonómica de las especies obtenidas. PALABRAS CLAVE: Phyllocnistis citrella, parasitoides, clave de especies, México. ABSTRACT. Eleven parasitic species of citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, were obtained in Tamaulipas and northern Veracruz (ten species in Eulophidae and one in Elasmidae). The genus Cirrospilus is represented by three species, at least, Cirrospilus sp. C was the commoner. Cirrospilus sp. Bis recorded as P. citrella parasitoid in México. A key for the taxonomical determination of the species was prepared. KEY WORDS: Phyllocnistis citrella, parasitoids, key to species, México. A nivel mundial, México ocupa el quinto lugar en producción de cítricos, la superficie plantada es de 440,000 ha con 330,000 en etapa productiva, la producción nacional es de 3'615,270 ton (SARH, 1994b). -
Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016
Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016 April 1981 Revised, May 1982 2nd revision, April 1983 3rd revision, December 1999 4th revision, May 2011 Prepared for U.S. Department of Commerce Ohio Department of Natural Resources National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Division of Wildlife Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management 2045 Morse Road, Bldg. G Estuarine Reserves Division Columbus, Ohio 1305 East West Highway 43229-6693 Silver Spring, MD 20910 This management plan has been developed in accordance with NOAA regulations, including all provisions for public involvement. It is consistent with the congressional intent of Section 315 of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, and the provisions of the Ohio Coastal Management Program. OWC NERR Management Plan, 2011 - 2016 Acknowledgements This management plan was prepared by the staff and Advisory Council of the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve (OWC NERR), in collaboration with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources-Division of Wildlife. Participants in the planning process included: Manager, Frank Lopez; Research Coordinator, Dr. David Klarer; Coastal Training Program Coordinator, Heather Elmer; Education Coordinator, Ann Keefe; Education Specialist Phoebe Van Zoest; and Office Assistant, Gloria Pasterak. Other Reserve staff including Dick Boyer and Marje Bernhardt contributed their expertise to numerous planning meetings. The Reserve is grateful for the input and recommendations provided by members of the Old Woman Creek NERR Advisory Council. The Reserve is appreciative of the review, guidance, and council of Division of Wildlife Executive Administrator Dave Scott and the mapping expertise of Keith Lott and the late Steve Barry. -
Spiders of the Hawaiian Islands: Catalog and Bibliography1
Pacific Insects 6 (4) : 665-687 December 30, 1964 SPIDERS OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS: CATALOG AND BIBLIOGRAPHY1 By Theodore W. Suman BISHOP MUSEUM, HONOLULU, HAWAII Abstract: This paper contains a systematic list of species, and the literature references, of the spiders occurring in the Hawaiian Islands. The species total 149 of which 17 are record ed here for the first time. This paper lists the records and literature of the spiders in the Hawaiian Islands. The islands included are Kure, Midway, Laysan, French Frigate Shoal, Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, Maui and Hawaii. The only major work dealing with the spiders in the Hawaiian Is. was published 60 years ago in " Fauna Hawaiiensis " by Simon (1900 & 1904). All of the endemic spiders known today, except Pseudanapis aloha Forster, are described in that work which also in cludes a listing of several introduced species. The spider collection available to Simon re presented only a small part of the entire Hawaiian fauna. In all probability, the endemic species are only partly known. Since the appearance of Simon's work, there have been many new records and lists of introduced spiders. The known Hawaiian spider fauna now totals 149 species and 4 subspecies belonging to 21 families and 66 genera. Of this total, 82 species (5596) are believed to be endemic and belong to 10 families and 27 genera including 7 endemic genera. The introduced spe cies total 65 (44^). Two unidentified species placed in indigenous genera comprise the remaining \%. Seventeen species are recorded here for the first time. In the catalog section of this paper, families, genera and species are listed alphabetical ly for convenience. -
A Protocol for Online Documentation of Spider Biodiversity Inventories Applied to a Mexican Tropical Wet Forest (Araneae, Araneomorphae)
Zootaxa 4722 (3): 241–269 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2020 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4722.3.2 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6AC6E70B-6E6A-4D46-9C8A-2260B929E471 A protocol for online documentation of spider biodiversity inventories applied to a Mexican tropical wet forest (Araneae, Araneomorphae) FERNANDO ÁLVAREZ-PADILLA1, 2, M. ANTONIO GALÁN-SÁNCHEZ1 & F. JAVIER SALGUEIRO- SEPÚLVEDA1 1Laboratorio de Aracnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Colonia Copilco el Bajo. C. P. 04510. Del. Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México. E-mail: [email protected] 2Corresponding author Abstract Spider community inventories have relatively well-established standardized collecting protocols. Such protocols set rules for the orderly acquisition of samples to estimate community parameters and to establish comparisons between areas. These methods have been tested worldwide, providing useful data for inventory planning and optimal sampling allocation efforts. The taxonomic counterpart of biodiversity inventories has received considerably less attention. Species lists and their relative abundances are the only link between the community parameters resulting from a biotic inventory and the biology of the species that live there. However, this connection is lost or speculative at best for species only partially identified (e. g., to genus but not to species). This link is particularly important for diverse tropical regions were many taxa are undescribed or little known such as spiders. One approach to this problem has been the development of biodiversity inventory websites that document the morphology of the species with digital images organized as standard views.