LESSON 5 – Windows (Live) Photo Gallery
Objective How to get it Uploading Organize Photo Basic Editing Advanced Features Slide Show Burn CD/DVD .
Table of Contents LESSON 5 – Windows (Live) Photo Gallery ...... 1 Windows Live Photo Gallery ...... 1 What is “Windows Live Photo Gallery” ...... 1 How to get it ...... 1 Let’s Speak Computer Graphics ...... 32 Start Photo Gallery ...... 4 Photo Gallery Menu ...... 4 Import from Digital Camera ...... 6 Using the Find tab ...... 11 Using face recognition ...... 11 Basic Editing ...... 13 Follow the workflow in Photo Gallery ...... 13 Adjust the exposure and colors ...... 14 Make a black-and-white picture...... 14 Get creative—but preserve your original ...... 15 Editing tools ...... 16 Adjustments ...... 20 Fine Tune ...... 22 Revert to Original ...... 24 Advance Editing ...... 26 What you can do: ...... 26 Automatically straighten photos ...... 27 Retouching photos ...... 27 Using noise reduction ...... 28 Create a panorama with Photo Gallery ...... 29 Using slide show themes ...... 30 Sharing photos and videos online ...... 30 Order Prints ...... 31 Best Free Online Photo Sharing Services ...... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Windows Live Photo Gallery
What is “Windows Live Photo Gallery” Windows Live Photo Gallery is part of Microsoft Windows Live Essentials which lets you to manage and organize your photos, and then post them online or send them to friends. Now you can easily edit and manage your photos, upload them securely to your online albums and share with friends or family with just few clicks.
How to get it First you need to access to the Internet. If you are already a Windows Live Essentials account. If you already have hotmail account, it can also be used as your Windows Live account.
To register for Windows Live account, go to http://home.live.com
Installing Windows Live Essentials:
http://explore.live.com/
Select Run. On the next screen select Choose the program you want to Install. Other Windows Live Setup will automatically install everything.
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Install Only the Live Essentials services you need. For this tutorial, I’ll install Photo Gallery and Movie Maker. Uncheck the other services from the list and click Install.
Once program installation is complete, Live Photo Gallery will automatically scan your entire hard drive for Pictures and Videos folders and list all images here.
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Picture and Video folder are divided into private and public folder. Next, select and existing online album or create a new one. Then you can either make the album public for everyone to see or make it just for you to see or those in your home network. This will make your media available to everyone in your network. Don’t confuse this with sharing media online.
When you’re done, click Publish.
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Start Photo Gallery
Photo Gallery Menu
Locate Photo Gallery Icon on destop Go to Start Menu>All Programs Right-Click on Photo>Open with… Double-click on Photo and select the Edit, organize, or share button
Home Ribbon
The menu system follows Microsoft’s new convention known as the Ribbon menu. The Home ribbon is the first page of the menu. To navigate to another menu group just click on the tab. In Live Photo Gallery, there are 5 tabs, Home, Edit, Find, Create and View.
The first tab is the File menu, where you do all of your basic filing such as saving a file, but since this is not typical word processing type application, this menu is reserve for burning a CD or printing your photos.
Adding Folders to the Gallery or Removing Folders From the Gallery In Vista or Windows 7, Live Photo Gallery automatically adds everything you uploaded from your digital camera or anything that is in you’re My Pictures folder.
However, if you have photos that are not is the Picture folder and want to include them, you must tell Windows Photo Gallery what folders to include From the File menu, select Include Folder in the Gallery. Browse to the location of the folder you'd like to add and click ok. Windows Live Photo Gallery will now include that folder. It will appear in the Navigation Pane under the All Photos and Video node. If you have included a folder that you do not wish to be in the gallery, you can easily remove it. Go to the folder in the navigation pane that you wish to remove, and right click on it. Then select Remove From Gallery. This is the safe and preferred method of removing a folder from the Gallery. Do not delete the folder with the intention of "deleting from the Photo Gallery" -- it will delete it on disk. Instead right click and Remove it. Lesson 5- Photo Gallery.docx 5.4 6/10/2011
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Import from Digital Camera
Options: USB Cable provide with your Camera. On most newer cameras, all you have to do is to connect the cable and turn on the camera. Some camera may require that you put it in the transfer mode. Please consult your owner manual for specific instructions.
Card Reader (built-in or external)
Wireless Memory Card
Importing photos from a digital camera, memory card, CD, or DVD is easy with Windows Live Photo Gallery.
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Make sure that your digital camera or memory card reader is turned on and attached to your computer or that the disc is inserted into your computer's CD or DVD drive.
1. On the File menu, click Import from a camera or scanner.
2. In the Import Pictures and Videos window, click the device that you want to use, and then click Import. If you're importing from a CD or DVD, select the CD or DVD drive. 3. Click File menu then select options.
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4. Select the options that you want to use, such as where to save the files and what format to use for the folder and file names.f your camera can detect whether you take photos vertically or horizontally, your computer can automatically rotate JPEG photos to the correct orientation when they're imported. To turn off automatic rotation, clear the Rotate photos during import check box.
Click OK, and then do one of the following:
Define, select, and name the groups that you want to import:
By default, the photos are grouped according to when they were taken. To change the time interval used to define the groups, at the bottom of the window, move the Adjust groups slider.
To choose which groups of photos to import, next to each group, select the check box.
To see all of the photos in a group, next to the group, click View all items. If you don't want to import all of the photos in the group, clear the check boxes for the photos that you don't want to import.
For each group of photos that you want to import, click Enter a name, and then type a name for the group.
To assign tags to a group, next to the group, click Add tags, type one or more tags separated by semi-colons, and then press ENTER.
Click Import. Each group of photos is saved to a different folder.
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Click Import all new items now, and then type a name for the photos or videos.
To assign tags to the group of photos that you're importing, click Add tags, type one or more tags separated by semi-colons, and then press ENTER.
Click Import.
Windows Live Photo Gallery excels at handling and presenting your photos. To see your photos in a slideshow, follow these steps:
Pick the photos that you'd like to see in a slideshow. You can pick and choose photos by holding the CTRL while clicking the photos you like. Once you have picked several, press the Slideshow button .
You can scroll through the photos in your slideshow by hitting the right and left arrow keys. When you're all done and would like to exit the slide show, press the ESC key. want to spend a little more time on the subject of tagging. A tag is a description of what is in the photo. What makes tags useful is that if you know what is in the photo, it is easier to search a huge collection for photos that match that tag.
If you are looking for Christmas photos with Grandma AND Jane in them, you'll find them much easier if they are tagged.
So now you understand why tagging can be so useful. But with thousands of photos, won't it be too much work to tag them all?
Windows Live Photo Gallery makes this process easy - and maybe even fun.
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In the above example, I selected all of the photos in my Thanksgiving 2003 Cabin folder. And started tagging! I added Thanksgiving, and Cabin to all of them at once. Then I can visually look for all of the photos with my wife in them, and add a tag Lisa. Then repeat that process for each searchable item.
To find untagged photos, select the Tag "Not Tagged" from the tree view on the left. Then work through them until they're all tagged. Couldn't be simpler!
One thing I tried to do was drag a tag to a photo. It seems so intutive. In the real world, you place tags on objects. And these tags are shaped like tag icons. But as of this version, you can only do this in the reverse way (which is still cool and helpful). So, to review: you drag photos onto the tags on the left, not the other way around. Let's hope this changes soon (bi- directional, please).
Windows Live Photo Gallery can burn photos to a CD quickly and easily, providing that you have a CD burner in your computer.
To do this, select photos that you would like to put on CD. You can select multiple photos by holding CTRL while you click each photo, or select the first photo, hold shift, and click the last photo. Dragging a selection window over photos you'd like to select works as well.
From the File menu, select Burn a Data CD...
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Using the Find tab
Use the Windows Live Photo Gallery search features to find and organize photos and videos you're looking for. This is especially useful if you have large collections of photos and videos.
Searching for photos and videos
1. Select the folders you'd like to include in your search from the navigation pane. 2. On the Find tab, select how you'd like to search for your photos and videos by the different commands in the Date taken, People, Rated, or File details groups. To search for photos and videos by text, click Text search.
The Find tab makes it easy to find and organize photos and videos.
Using face recognition
Windows Live Photo Gallery now has face recognition to help you identify and tag people in your photos. The more people tags you add to your photos, the better Photo Gallery gets at suggesting tags.
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View tags and captions
Open the tag and caption pane to see the tags and captions in your photos. On the View tab, click Tag and caption pane and then select a photo. If the photo contains people tags, they will appear in the tag and caption pane. If an untagged face is detected, click Who is this? to add a people tag.
On the Find tab, in the People group, you'll find thumbnails of all the tagged people in your collection. To see the photos of a person in the gallery, click a thumbnail. If Photo Gallery detects a similar, untagged face, it will suggest a tag that you can add by clicking Confirm. You can view other tag suggestions for this person by clicking View all suggestions.
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Basic Editing
You can use Windows Photo Gallery to make changes to your pictures. You can improve the exposure and colors, change the composition, and remove red eye—all without using a separate editing program.
Open Windows Photo Gallery by clicking the Start button , clicking All Programs, and then clicking Windows Photo Gallery.
Follow the workflow in Photo Gallery
Digital workflow is a term used by digital photographers to refer to the order in which pictures are edited. Following the correct digital workflow can make a big difference in the quality of your edited pictures. The Fix pane in Windows Photo Gallery has arranged the various changes you can make in the best order, starting with exposure adjustments and ending with red eye removal. Though you can make changes to your pictures in any order, we recommend that you follow the workflow by working from the top of the Fix pane down.
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The recommended workflow in Photo Gallery
Why edit your photos in this order? Imagine, for example, that you want to correct the color balance in your picture. If the overall exposure is wrong (the picture is too dark or too light), it will be difficult to identify the correct color balance. Only by correcting the exposure first can you be sure the colors also look right when you reach that step.
Adjust the exposure and colors
You can edit the brightness and contrast in your picture by moving the sliders for those controls, but it's much easier to click Auto Adjust in the Fix pane. Auto Adjust optimizes the brightness, contrast, color temperature, and tint of your picture all at once. Even after you click Auto Adjust, you can continue to adjust the exposure and colors on your own if you don't like what Photo Gallery has done automatically.
You can confirm when you've made a change by looking in the Fix pane for the check marks that appear next to the control after it has been used to make a change.
The check marks indicate that exposure and color have already been adjusted
If you're reluctant to click Auto Adjust, you shouldn't be. You can always click Undo to restore the picture to its previous state. Likewise, if you change one of the exposure or color settings and don't like the result, click Auto Adjust again to return to the setting that Photo Gallery recommends.
Make a black-and-white picture
Most digital cameras have an exposure mode that allows you to take pictures in black and white, simulating black-and-white film. As a general rule, though, we recommend taking pictures in normal color mode. The reason? While any color picture can be turned into a black- and-white image on the computer, if you take it in black and white to begin with, it's not possible to add the original colors back in.
In Photo Gallery, there's an easy way to simulate black-and-white photography, and it's actually a lot more flexible than the black-and-white mode on your camera. Click Adjust Color in the Fix pane and you'll see the Saturation slider. If you move the slider to the right, you'll increase the intensity of colors in the picture. What's more interesting, though, is what happens if you move the slider to the left. The intensity of color is reduced, and if you move it all the way to the left, Lesson 5- Photo Gallery.docx 5.14 6/10/2011 there's no color at all—the picture becomes black and white. You can use this technique to create pictures with just a little color or no color at all.
A picture with high saturation (left) and low saturation (right)
Get creative—but preserve your original
Perhaps you want to change the composition of your picture from horizontal to vertical using some creative cropping. Or maybe you want to create a black-and-white version of a special picture. You can do all these things in Photo Gallery while keeping an unchanged version of the original picture.
Before you start editing, double-click the picture, click File on the toolbar, click Make a Copy, and then click Save. This creates an identical copy of the picture in the Gallery, which you can preserve in its current form, or edit separately. And remember that if you ever want to undo all of the changes you made to a picture, click the arrow next to the Undo button at the bottom of the Fix pane, and then click Revert to Original.
The Revert to Original command
Or use Ctrl+Z
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Here is a brief description of what each of the editing features in Windows Live Photo Gallery does and how you might use each of them. Remember, part of what makes Photo Gallery fun is how easy it is to experiment and get creative with your photos. You can always undo your changes and try something else if your experiment doesn't work out.
Editing tools
All of the following editing tools are found on the Fix pane. Select a photo to edit, click Fix, and then experiment for yourself.
Auto adjust. Auto adjust senses what corrections will make your photos better and applies them. Remember, Auto adjust changes are subjective and might not always appeal to you. Using Auto adjust as a starting point and making further adjustments as needed is a good way to gain an understanding of what some of the other editing features are. Auto adjust shows you what adjustments have been made, making this easier still.
Brightness. Brightness adjusts the perceived brightness in a photo.
Contrast. Contrast is the overall difference in appearance between dark areas in a photo and lighter areas.
Shadows and Highlights. These adjustments affect the quantity of light and darkness applied to different parts of a photo.
Histogram. The histogram provides information about overall levels of brightness in a photo. The left of the histogram relates to the photo's darkness and the right represents its brightness. You can use this information to gauge the amount of adjustment you might make to a photo or the amount of exposure you use later when taking a photo under similar conditions.
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The exposure adjustments available in Windows Live Photo Gallery
Adjust color. Color temperature is the amount of blue tones (cool) and red tones (warm) in an image. Tint is a variation of hue created by adding white to an image. Saturation is the strength or intensity of color an image has. Highly saturated photos have brighter colors that are rich and vivid. Images with less saturation will be less intense (the extreme case being an image that is entirely composed of gray tones).
The color adjustments available in Windows Live Photo Gallery
Straighten photo. This feature lets you correct of a photo's horizon. Photo Gallery will straighten the photo for you automatically when you select this feature, and then you can fine tune the adjustment by moving the slider.
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The straighten photo adjustments available in Windows Live Photo Gallery
Crop photo. After looking over a photo, you might find sections of the image that you want to remove. The Crop photo feature is the easiest way to change composition and to remove sections of an image that you don't like. When using the Crop photo feature, Photo Gallery displays a frame that you can position and adjust to include the detail you want to keep. Everything outside this frame will be removed when you click Apply. You might need to use the Crop photo feature a few times to get the composition the way you want it.
Adjust detail. Sharpening enhances the perceived edges of subject in an image. Many cameras capture photos that have a "soft" quality to them. These photos can be made more clear by using the sharpen tool. When applying this tool, Photo Gallery determines the edges of an object and enhances them, producing an image that appears more in focus.
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The detail adjustments available in Windows Live Photo Gallery
Fix red eye. Fixing red eye is done by selecting the Fix red eye feature, and then dragging the mouse over the desired pixels.
The fix red eye feature available in Windows Live Photo Gallery
This can be tricky until you get the hang of it. To make it easier, try using the magnifying tool to zoom in on the eyes.
The magnifying tool in Windows Live Photo Gallery
To magnify a photo, move the slider to the right.
Black and white effects. Photo Gallery offers several different black and white effects that can be used to add interesting antiqued qualities to photos. Click one of the six examples to apply a filter to your photo. If you don't like how it looks, click Undo to remove the filter.
Undo/Redo. This feature lets you experiment with the editing tools to discover how they work and what they do, so you can be creative and have fun because you can undo and redo whatever changes you make to a photo. If you go back to the gallery and later want to undo changes to the photo, just select the photo again, click Fix, and then click Revert.
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Adjustments
The next group of editing features lets you make some more detailed changes to your pictures. From the browser view, you can make “quick” adjustments, but I recommend double- clicking the photo so you’re viewing just one picture at a time. This not only gives you a few more options, but it also reveals the Crop option and the Fine Tune panel.
The Crop feature is pretty handy. Earlier, I was complaining about the lack of proportional resizing features, but Windows Live Photo Gallery 2011 makes up for it here. You can do a typical custom crop by simply drawing a box around the area you’d like to crop. But more usefully, you can Click Crop and choose Proportion to choose a common printout dimension. When you choose a proportion, your crop box will automatically be resized. You can also rotate the frame to make an 8 x 10 into 10 x 8 or a 4 x 6 into a 6 x 4, etc. In this way, you can ensure that your everything you want to make it into the frame fits in perfectly.
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The other photo editing features include:
Red eye – Allows you to remove the red eye effect caused by flashes. Simply draw a box around the eyes to apply. Tip: For close-ups, you may get better results by doing one eye at a time. Otherwise, you may get some discoloration outside of the eye. Retouch – Lets you remove blemishes, such as scars, acne and moles. You too can be an airbrushed supermodel! Straighten – Automatically adjusts the horizontal alignment of the picture. Good for those drunken action shots. That is, unless you were going for that Dutch angle efffect. Color – Adjusts the color temperature, tint and saturation. Click the button itself to let Windows Live Photo Gallery automatically adjust it according to what it thinks looks best. Or, you can click the arrow to choose from several different presets. Exposure – Adjusts the exposure of the photo. Same drill as with color— click the button once to go with Windows Live Photo Gallery’s best guess. Click the arrow to choose from some presets. Noise Reduction – Automatically removes “noise” (i.e. graininess and colored speckles). Effects – Not really part of the adjustments section, but it fits in with the others. Here, you can choose effects from the gallery such as sepia tone, cyan tone, black and white, orange filter, yellow filter and red filter.
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You can apply these adjustments one at a time, or you can click Auto adjust to apply several adjustments all at once.
You can change which ones get applied, as well as the jpeg compression quality by clicking the arrow beneath Auto adjust and choosing Settings…
These photo editing features and adjustments are a bit hard to describe. So, I encourage you to try them out for yourself. Or watch this video demonstrating some of the photo adjustments:
Fine Tune
You can use the above quick buttons to alter these attributes, or you can get even more tweaky with the Fine Tune panel. Click Fine Tune to reveal it on the right-hand side. Here, you’ll have a variety of sliders that you can use to adjust the various attributes of the photo. Click the Check Mark if/when you’re satisfied with what you’ve done.
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One groovy feature that I should point out: in the Adjust exposure section, you can move the sliders or you can shift the histogram around to alter the photo.
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Revert to Original
Now, if you’re anything like me, tweaking and editing photos will actually net a worse looking effect than if you would’ve just left it alone. Luckily, there’s the Revert to Original button. This lifesaver hangs out in the top-right hand corner of the window. By default, Windows Live Photo Gallery 2011 saves originals indefinitely in C:\Users\YOURUSERNAME\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows Photo Gallery\Original Images. So, if you edit a photo, publish it, share it, close Windows Live Photo Gallery, turn off your computer and come back three months later, you can still click that Revert to Original button and undo the damage you did. Note, however, that the Revert to Original button won’t undo resizes, filename changes or rotations (which is why you should save your resized photos to another folder).
If you don’t want all your hard drive space being eaten up by original photos, you can change how Windows Live Photo Gallery handles them by clicking the arrow beneath Revert to original and choosing Settings… You can choose how long Windows Live Photo Gallery will keep originals in the drop-down menu. After a period of time, Windows Live Photo Gallery will Lesson 5- Photo Gallery.docx 5.24 6/10/2011 automatically move photos to the Recycle Bin—which means there’s still time to recover the original, if you make a mistake.
Conclusion
Overall, Windows Live Photo Gallery 2011 gives you a decent set of photo editing and adjustment features. While you are still far from a professional photo editing suite such as Photoshop or Gimp, you should have everything you need for basic photo editing. You can eliminate red eye, boost the brightness, straighten a photo and zap some pimples before framing a family portrait so that everyone looks as good as technology intended them to look. Oh, and it’s easy and free
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Advance Editing
What you can do:
Use Photo Fuse to combine the best parts of two or more photos—like group portraits—into a single composite photo.
Use noise reduction to remove grain and smooth out the appearance of photos in Photo Gallery.
Correct small blemishes and other minor imperfections in your photos with the new retouch tool.
Straighten the horizontal alignment of photos one at a time, or automatically straighten a batch of photos at the same time.
Create stunning panoramic photos by combining a series of photos into a single composite without special lenses or other equipment.
Add slide show themes to your slide shows to give them a unique look and feel.
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Automatically straighten photos
Automatically straighten the horizontal alignment of photos using Windows Live Photo Gallery.
Automatically straighten a batch of photos
1. Select the photos you'd like to straighten from the gallery. 2. On the Edit tab, in the Quick adjustments group, click Straighten.
Click Straighten to automatically straighten selected photos.
To manually straighten a single photo
1. Double-click the photo you'd like to straighten from the gallery. 2. On the Edit tab, in the Adjustments group, click Fine tune and then Straighten photo. 3. Use the slider to apply the amount of straightening you want. When finished, click Close file to save the changes you've made and return to the gallery.
When manually straightening photos, a grid appears over your photo to help with horizontal alignment.
Retouching photos
Use the retouch tool in Windows Live Photo Gallery to correct minor flaws and imperfections in photos.
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To use the retouch tool
1. Double-click the photo you'd like to retouch. 2. In the Adjustments group, click Retouch.
To get started correcting minor flaws in photos, click Retouch.
3. Drag the pointer over the area you'd like to retouch. 4. When you're finished retouching the photo, click Close file.
Your changes will be saved automatically.
Using noise reduction
Improve the appearance of photos using the noise reduction feature in Windows Live.
To automatically reduce noise in a batch of photos
1. Select the photos you'd like to apply noise reduction to from the gallery. 2. On the Edit tab, in the Quick adjustments group, click Noise reduction.
Click Noise reduction to automatically reduce noise in selected photos.
To manually reduce noise in a single photo
1. Double-click the photo you'd like to apply noise reduction to from the gallery. 2. On the Edit tab, click Fine tune, and then click Adjust detail. 3. Use the slider to apply the amount of noise reduction you prefer. When you're finished, click Close file to save your changes and return to the gallery.
How to use Photo Fuse
1. Select the photos you want to fuse. On the Create tab, in the Tools group, click Photo Fuse. 2. Click the area of the photo you want to replace. Drag one of the points to adjust the size of this area. 3. Click the replacement photo that you like best, and then click Save.
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On the left is a group photo and on the right is a Photo Fuse composite of that photo and several others.
Note
To create a Photo Fuse, start with a set of photos taken from the same scene and vantage point.
With Windows Live Photo Gallery, a photo isn't limited to what you can squeeze into one frame. Now you can stitch several photos together to create a panorama. This is a great way to capture photos of landscapes and other subjects that are too large for a single photo.
Create a panorama with Photo Gallery
1. To create a panorama, take a series of photos from a single vantage point so that each photo overlaps the one preceding it and import them into Photo Gallery.
A panorama begins with a series of overlapping photos.
2. Once imported, select the photos you're going to use and on the Create tab, click Panorama. Photo Gallery will align the photos and combine them into a new composition.
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3. To crop a finished panorama, on the Edit tab, in the Adjustments group, click Crop.
Create a panorama in Photo Gallery.
Using slide show themes
Add themes to your slide shows in Windows Live Photo Gallery to give them a unique look and feel.
To create a slide show and add a theme
1. Select the photos you'd like to use in your slide show from the gallery. 2. On the Home tab, click Slide show and then select a theme.
Add a theme to a slide show.
Sharing photos and videos online
Windows Live Photo Gallery makes it possible to share photos and videos by publishing them to sites like SkyDrive, Facebook, and YouTube. When your photos and videos are shared online, they're available anywhere you or your friends have Internet access. Lesson 5- Photo Gallery.docx 5.30 6/10/2011
To upload photos and videos to a social networking site
1. Select the photos and videos you'd like to share from the gallery. 2. On the Home tab, in the Share group, select a service you want to use, and then follow the on-screen instructions. 3. To add a service that's not listed in the Share group, click Add a plug-in, and then follow the on-screen instructions.
Use Photo Gallery to upload photos and videos online.
Order Prints
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Let’s Speak Computer Graphics
Before we continue on, let’s learn some new terms so you can better understand digital image format.
Terms
Anti-aliasing Anti-Aliasing is a method of fooling the eye that a jagged edge is really smooth. Anti-Aliasing is often referred in games and on graphics cards. In games especially the chance to smooth edges of the images goes a long way to creating a realistic 3D image on the screen. Remember though that Anti-Aliasing does not actually smooth any edges of images it merely fools the eye. Like a lot of things they are only designed to be good enough. If you can't tell the difference, then that's fine. Let’s take a look at the example below to demonstrate the effects of Anti-Aliasing.
Burning Burning means darkening part of a photograph. In the darkroom, it's done by blocking some of the light that would normally reach the rest of the photo. In digital photo editing, it's usually a paintbrush-like tool built into the application.
CD Compact Disks are the typical means of storing digital photographs. They hold about 700 megabytes of information, and can be CD-R for writeable CDs and CD-RW for re- writeable CDs.
Cloning Cloning is an image editing term for copying one part of the image into another part of the same image or a different image entirely. It's used for painting out unwanted items, like electric lines.
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Compact Flash Compact Flash is one form of digital camera media. It was the original standard, and is still one of the most common formats.
Cropping Cropping involves chopping out part of a picture. You might crop to focus attention on the real subject, or to remove extra stuff that intruded on the picture.
Download Downloading is the opposite of uploading. Downloading means to pull data from another location. Normally it means to get data from the Internet, but in digital photography, it also means to get the pictures from the camera. Sometimes used interchangeably with Importing.
DPI Most photo printers and monitors measure their resolution in Dots Per Inch, or DPI. The higher the number, the higher the resolution.
EXIF EXIF stands for Exchangeable Image Format. Most digital images have two parts. The first is the image itself, which is usually stored as a JPG image. The second is the EXIF data. EXIF data most often includes all of the photographer's information, like the date and time the picture was taken and the shutter speed and aperture set at the time.
Flip Flipping an image is the same as reflecting it in a mirror. Flipping is one of the basic image editing tools.
Grayscale Technically speaking, a spectrum of gray shades from black to white. A grayscale picture is the digital equivalent of a black and white photo.
Highlights The Highlights are the whitest part of a picture. Normally, they are a very small percentage of the picture, because it's very easy to lose details in highlights.
Histogram A Histogram is a chart that graphs all of the tones in a photo. Most programs will generate histograms, and most digital cameras can create them also.
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Image File Format The format of an image file determines the size of the file, the overall image quality, and several other things. Common image file formats are JPG, GIF, TIFF, and PNG.
Jpeg Artifacts JPEG artifacts are areas in an image with a blocky or blotchy appearance. JPEG artifacts are the result of an aggressive data compression scheme that discards some image data. This is known as "lossy" data compression. Landscape
Layers Think of Layers as sheets of tracing paper or transparency film laid over top of your image. Graphic designers use layers to separate out elements of their project, so that they can work on individual pieces without damaging others. Adjustment Layers are a special kind of layer that shows the results of whatever filter or function is attached to that layer.
Noise Noise is distortion in a digital images such as round edges, blurring, a smeared appearance, color distortion, and/or checkerboard-like blocking in busy regions.
Pixel In digital imaging, a pixel or (picture element) is a single point in a raster image, or the smallest addressable screen element in a display device; it is the smallest unit of picture that can be represented or controlled. Each pixel has its own address. The address of a pixel corresponds to its coordinates.
The resolution of digital images can be described in many different ways.
Pixel resolution The term resolution is often used for a pixel count in digital imaging. The more pixels, the clearer the image. When the pixel counts are referred to as resolution, the convention is to describe the pixel resolution with the set of two numbers, where the first number is the number of pixel columns (width) and the second is the number of pixel rows (height), for example as 640 by 480.
Another popular convention is to cite resolution as the total number of pixels in the image, typically given as number of megapixels, which can be calculated by multiplying pixel columns by pixel rows and dividing by one million. Other conventions include describing pixels per length unit or pixels per area unit, such as pixels per inch or per square inch.
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Below is an illustration of how the same image might appear at different pixel resolutions, if the pixels were poorly rendered as sharp squares (normally, a smooth image reconstruction from pixels would be preferred, but for illustration of pixels, the sharp squares make the point better).
Print resolution Megapixel Photo Pixel Count Printer Print Size camera Maximum Setting Resolution 1 960 x 1280 240 PPI 3.2 x 4.3 2 1200 x 1600 300 PPI 4.0 x 5.3 3 1536 x 2048 300 PPI 5.1 x 6.8 4 1704 x 2272 300 PPI 5.7 x 7.6 5 1944 x 2592 300 PPI 6.5 x 8.6 7 2304 x 3072 300 PPI 7.7 x 10.2 8 2448 x 3264 300 PPI 8.2 x 10.9
Quality equation example If you try to print a photo larger than its photo resolution allows, your print quality will decrease. The following illustration is a blown-up section from a 1536 x 2048-pixel photo printed at two different sizes with a printer resolution of 240 ppi. The difference between the two pictures demonstrates how resolution dictates the quality of your print size. In the 8 x 10 example, you can clearly see the hair is blurring, the facial features are pixilated, and the edges are extremely jagged. The quality of the 5 x 7-inch photo is much better.
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Looking back at the 240-ppi table, you can see that the 5 x 7-inch print of the 1536 x 2048-pixel photo is within the quality print size of 6.4 x 8.5 shown in the table. The 8 x 10-inch print exceeds that size, so the quality is decreased.
Red Eye Red Eye is the reflection of the camera flash off of the back of the subject's eyes. It happens most often with a bright flash in dim light. Many photo editing applications have red eye removal features.
Resize Resize is one of the basic photo editing tools. It's used to change the size or resolution of an image.
RGB RGB is the standard color format for digital images. It stands for Red, Green, Blue. Each of the three colors is given an amount between 0 and 255, and the blend of the three produces all of the other colors. Three zeroes produce white, and three 255s produce black.
Rotate Rotation is one of the basic photo editing tools, and is commonly used to fix portraits that have been downloaded from the camera as landscape.
Saturation Saturation is a measure of the richness of the colors in a photo. When a picture is de- saturated, all of the color information has been removed, and what's left is a grayscale or black and white picture.
Secure Digital (SD) is a non-volatile memory card format developed by the SD Card Association for use in portable devices. The SD technology is used by more than 400 brands across dozens of product categories and more than 8,000 models, and is considered the de-facto industry standard.
Shadows The shadows are the darkest part of an image, just as highlights are the brightest.
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Sharing Sharing photos generally involves uploading them to a website (like Flickr) so that other people can view them or even order prints and photo gifts.
Sharpness Sharpness is a description of the focus and clarity of a picture. It concerns how clearly the details appear to be.
Shutter Speed Shutter Speed is the amount of time the shutter remains open when a photo is taken. Shutter Speed and Aperture together determine just how much light hits the film or camera sensor. The shutter speed is also a fraction, just like the aperture. A shutter speed of 500 is actually 1/500, or "one five hundredth of a second."
Uploading Uploading is the opposite of downloading. Uploading involves sending a file from your computer to another system, either through a cable or over the Internet.
USB USB stands for Universal Serial Bus. It's an industry standard for connecting things to computers. Most digital cameras and chip readers use a USB cable to connect to the computer. USB 2.0 is a newer and faster standard, but not every computer can handle the 2.0 speeds yet.
White Balance White Balance is a camera setting used to compensate for changes in the color of light. Some artificial lights "tint" the color they project, so the camera's white balance setting is used to balance this back to a more normal color cast. If the camera's white balance was incorrect, then the photo editor has to account for this by changing the color scale. The program will use an area that was supposed to be white as the starting point, and will remap every other color in the picture accordingly.
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