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64 Avances, Vol. 22 No.1, Enero-Marzo, 2020. P. 64-80. ISSN 1562-3297 Efecto De La Pesca Artesanal De Aulacomya Atra En La Sostenibilidad Del Recurso

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64 Avances, Vol. 22 No.1, Enero-Marzo, 2020. P. 64-80. ISSN 1562-3297 Efecto De La Pesca Artesanal De Aulacomya Atra En La Sostenibilidad Del Recurso ISSN 1562-3297 ARTÍCULO CIENTÍFICO Vol.22 No.1, enero-marzo, 2020 Efecto de la pesca artesanal de Aulacomya atra (Mollusca: Mytilidae) en la sostenibilidad del recurso Effect of artisanal fishing of Aulacomya atra (Mollusca: Mytilidae) on the sustainability of the resource Alejandro Marcelo Gonzales Vargas* Doctorante en Acuicultura. Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Perú, [email protected];http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3256-907X Luis Antonio Espinoza Ramos Magister en Gestión Ambiental. Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Perú, [email protected] ; ID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7958-7331 Para citar este artículo / To reference this article / Para citar este artigo Gonzales, A. M. y Espinoza, L. A. (2020). Efecto de la pesca artesanal de Aulacomya atra (Mollusca: Mytilidae) en la sostenibilidad del recurso. Avances, 22(1),64-80. Recuperado de http:// www.ciget.pinar.cu/ojs/index.php/publicaciones/article/view/508/1595 Recibido: 26 de septiembre de 2019 Aceptado: 10 de diciembre de 2019 RESUMEN El presente trabajo de investigación fue en la sostenibilidad del recurso. El tipo de realizado en la zona Litoral de la región de investigación fue básica, con un nivel Tacna y Moquegua durante el periodo 2012- descriptivo y un diseño de investigación no 2017, el cual permitió analizar el efecto de la experimental. El método usado fue pesca artesanal de Aulacomya atra “choro” documental retrospectivo. Se usó el software 64 Avances, Vol. 22 No.1, enero-marzo, 2020. p. 64-80. ISSN 1562-3297 Efecto de la pesca artesanal de Aulacomya atra en la sostenibilidad del recurso estadístico de SPSS 24 para el análisis de fishing of Aulacomya atra "choro" on the frecuencia, regresión y correlación. La sustainability of the resource. The research población y muestra de la investigación was basic with a descriptive level and non- correspondió a todos los informes (fichas y/o experimental research design. The method formularios) trimestrales del recurso used was retrospective documentary and the Aulacomya atra “choro”, en las regiones descriptive and frequency statistical test. This litorales de Tacna y Moquegua, Perú, cuyos research work was carried out in the coastal informes detallan los datos recabados de area of the Tacna and Moquegua region manera numérica. La información se during the period 2012-2017, which allowed recolectó de las zonas costeras del litoral de analyzing the effect of artisanal fishing of Moquegua (Norte: Pocoma, Escoria; Sur: Aulacomya atra "choro" on the sustainability Leonas, Cuartel); y Tacna (Norte: Punta San of the resource. The type of research was Pablo, Lozas; Sur: Quebrada de Burros, basic, with a descriptive level and a non- Lobera) de manera trimestral en los seis años experimental research design. The method de estudio, con un total de 192 datos. Según used was retrospective documentary. The los resultados, la captura por unidad de statistical software of SPSS 24 was used for esfuerzo, no presenta alteraciones en un frequency, regression and correlation 90,10 %, sin embargo, en la biometría del analysis. The population and sample of the recurso y la abundancia relativa si se investigation corresponded to all the presentan alteraciones en un 68,75 % y quarterly reports (files and / or forms) of the 53,13 % respectivamente. La pesca artesanal Aulacomya atra “choro” resource, in the de Aulacomya atra “choro” influye coastal regions of Tacna and Moquegua, significativamente en la biometría del recurso Peru, whose reports detail the data collected y en la abundancia relativa. Se comprobó que in numerical manner. The information was la pesca artesanal de “choro” influyó collected from the coastal areas of the significativamente en la sostenibilidad del Moquegua coast (North: Pocoma, Escoria; recurso en zonas del litoral de la región de South: Leonas, Barracks); and Tacna (North: Tacna y Moquegua, periodo 2012-2017. Punta San Pablo, Lozas; South: Quebrada de Palabras clave: Aulacomya atra, Choro, Burros, Lobera) on a quarterly basis in the pesca artesanal, abundancia relativa, six years of study, with 192 data. According biometría. to the results, the catch per unit of effort ________________________________ does not show changes in 90.10%, however, ABSTRACT in the biometrics of the resource and the This research work was carried out in the relative abundance if there are changes in coastal area of the Tacna and Moquegua 68.75 % and 53.13 % respectively. The region during the period 2012-2017, which artisanal fisheries of Aulacomya atra “choro” allowed analyzing the effect of artisanal significantly influences the biometrics of the 65 Avances, Vol. 22 No.1, enero-marzo, 2020. p. 64-80. ISSN 1562-3297 Gonzales, A. M. y Espinoza, L. A. resource and the relative abundance. It was the resource in coastal areas of the Tacna found that the artisanal fishing of “choro” and Moquegua region, 2012-2017 periods. significantly influenced the sustainability of Key words: Choro, artisanal fishing, relative abundance, biometrics. ______________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCCIÓN La pesquería artesanal a menudo se refiere a clase Bivalvia. Orden Mytilida y Familia actividades de pesca comercial, aunque una Mytilidae (Ávila, 2015). A. atra es explotada pequeña porción puede ser para la para consumo humano directo desde hace subsistencia; se emplean artes de pesca mucho tiempo; se caracteriza por ser un tradicionales, de bajo costo y con pequeñas bivalvo de concha mitiliforme, con su borde embarcaciones. Los peces, moluscos, dorsal y su parte más alta hacia la mitad de crustáceos y otros animales son capturados a la valva, el borde ventral generalmente recto, través de escalas muy diferentes, desde a veces cóncavo (IMARPE, 2018). métodos de pesca artesanal de subsistencia A. atra se distribuye por el Pacífico, hasta flotas pesqueras industriales de alta desde Callao (Perú) hasta el Canal Beagle, tecnología (Freire et al., 2018). islas Navarino e isla Picton (Chile), En ecología la sostenibilidad o continuando hasta el norte por la costa sustentabilidad describe cómo los sistemas Atlántica hasta el sur de Brasil. También se biológicos mantienen su diversidad y encuentra en la isla Juan Fernández y las productividad con el transcurso del tiempo. Islas Malvinas. Su distribución batimétrica, va Se refiere al equilibrio de una especie con los desde el sector rocoso del intermareal recursos de su entorno. Por extensión se (Uriarte, 2008). aplica a la explotación de un recurso por En el litoral sur peruano existen debajo del límite de renovación del mismo diferentes bancos naturales de invertebrados desde la perspectiva de la prosperidad marinos bentónicos, siendo la pesquería de humana (Brundtland, 1987). En general, las recursos bentónicos una actividad evaluaciones se realizan mediante dos característica de los pescadores marisqueros métodos: directos e indirectos. Así, mientras que faenan en el litoral de la región Tacna los directos se mantienen independientes del con un aporte significativo de sus faenas al sector extractivo, los indirectos proceden de mercado local y nacional. Esta actividad ha la actividad pesquera comercial. sufrido una serie de variantes en cuanto a la El choro Aulacomya conocido como modalidad de pesca como las características cholga o mejillón en el Perú y cholga, cholgua de la flota y por el incremento en su o mejillón rayado en Chile, es un demanda por parte de la industria invertebrado bentónico perteneciente a la exportadora (Tejada y Baldarrago, 2016) 66 Avances, Vol. 22 No.1, enero-marzo, 2020. p. 64-80. ISSN 1562-3297 Efecto de la pesca artesanal de Aulacomya atra en la sostenibilidad del recurso La extracción del recurso de A. atra Mundialmente el desarrollo “choro”, actualmente viene siendo objeto de sustentable ha sido un concepto utilizado una sobreexplotación en los últimos años para guiar las interacciones entre la ocasionando una paulatina disminución en el naturaleza y la sociedad, con el fin de tamaño de sus bancos naturales en la región dominar los cambios locales y globales como y en la biomasa total del recurso, sin que se cambio climático, pérdida de biodiversidad, conozca con certeza si esta disminución se sobrepoblación y falta de recursos según debe a factores naturales originados por las Cortés y Peña (2015). El objetivo del condiciones oceanográficas o se debe a presente estudio fue identificar la causa de la factores humanos como la pesca artesanal disminución del recurso A. atra “choro” y expresada a través de un exceso de Captura como se está afectando su sostenibilidad, a por Unidad de Esfuerzo (CPUE), la cual está través de una descripción de sus ocasionando la mortalidad de este recurso características principales como su biometría (MARPE, 2007). y abundancia relativa. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS La población y muestra de la Zonas de muestreo investigación correspondió a todos los Las zonas de muestreo de extracción informes (fichas y/o formularios) trimestrales del recurso A. atra “choro”, se presentan del recurso A. atra “choro”, desde el periodo en la Tabla 1. de 2012-2017 en las regiones litorales de Tacna y Moquegua, Perú, cuyos informes detallan los datos recabados de manera numérica. Se procedió a su análisis estadístico para establecer la influencia de la pesca artesanal determinada por la “Captura por unidad de esfuerzo”, en cada una de las dimensiones consideradas en la sostenibilidad del recurso choro. 67 Avances, Vol. 22 No.1, enero-marzo, 2020. p. 64-80. ISSN 1562-3297 Gonzales, A. M. y Espinoza, L. A. 68 Avances, Vol. 22 No.1,
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