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THE A RTS that we mostly associate with glass, namely transparency and fragility, exploited. CREATIVE The basic materials used to make glass are silica (sand), a flux (soda or potash) and a stabiliser (for example, lime). The mixture turns into a liquid when heated to a high temperature and is then shaped through various techniques. It becomes solid when cooled. Glass is a solution and retains the random molecular structure of a liquid when it stiffens. Because it lacks a structure of interlocking crystals, it is transparent, easily USE OF GLASS shattered and deteriorates over time. Through additions to the basic recipe Civilisation/Industry, an art work in coloured glass, blown and heat-shaped with punctures, the quality, durability or workability of the produced by artist Pavel Hlava in 1983 final product is determined. Added iron gives green, selenium or gold produce red MARIANNE ELLIOTT and the addition of soda or lime results in controlled. Yet most techniques used in glass Regional Librarian, Southern Region a clear glass. During the post-industrial era making were developed before the scientific new uses for glass have been made possible. n ancient times glass was associated with revolution of the last two centuries. New glass is produced with specific proper- luxury and exclusivity and never used Glass can be coloured or colourless, ties that serve the product needs of artists, Ias functional, everyday objects. Glass monochrome or polychrome, translucent, engineers, scientists, architects and industrial- making was associated with mystery and transparent or opaque. During the first ists. Examples of contemporary applications processes were developed through careful 3000 years of glass making, other qualities are spun glass fibres for heat resistant cloth- observation of the production procedures. -
Quarterly Journal of the All India Glass Manufacturers' Federation
Vol. 3 | No. 4 | January - March 2016 Quarterly Journal of The All India Glass Manufacturers’ Federation Bi-lingual www.aigmf.com Technical Articles Prof. (Dr.) A. K. Bandyopadhyay Prof. (Dr.) A Sustainable 50 for postage postage for 50 ` ASS ASS www.aigmf.com Building and Packaging material An Publication - GlASS Gl Gl 500 (within India) + + India) (within 500 ` ` Kanch | Vol. 3 | No. 4 | January-March 2016 2 Overseas: US$ 60 (including postage and bank charges) bank and postage (including 60 US$ Overseas: Order Print Copies: Print Order Price: Price: www.aigmf.com President SANJAY GANJOO Sr. Vice President ARUN KUMAR DUKKIPATI Vice President RAJ KUMAR MITTAL Hon. General Secretary BHARAT SOMANY Hon. Treasurer SANJAY AGARWAL Member Editorial Board A K Bandyopadhyay Quarterly Journal of THE ALL INDIA GLASS MANUFACTURERS’ FEDERATION Former Principal, Govt. College of Engineering & Ceramic Technology-GCECT, Kolkata DEVENDRA KUMAR Prof. & HOD, Dept. of Ceramic, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Vol. 3 | No. 4 | January-March 2016 K K SHARMA President, NIGMA and Plant Head, HNG Neemrana, Rajasthan MEMBER ASSOCIatIONS EASTERN INDIA GLASS MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION (EIGMA) Contents c/o La Opala RG Ltd. Chitrakoot, 10th Floor, 230 A, A.J.C. Bose Road From President's Desk 5 Kolkata - 700 020 President - Sushil Jhunjhunwala Glass as Vital Building Material for Smart / Solar Cities NORTHERN INDIA GLASS MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION (NIGMA) & c/o Hindustan National Glass & Industries Limited 6 Post Office - Bahadurgarh, Jhajjar, Haryana-124 507 Book Launch: “Glass - A Sustainable Building and Packaging President - KK Sharma Material” Vice President - Jimmy Tyagi Honorary General Secretary - NN Goyal Glass News 13 Secretary & Treasurer - JB Bhardwaj SOUTH INDIA GLASS MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION (SIGMA) Smart City and Glasses for Flat-Screen Products – Part II 21 c/o AGI Glasspac (An SBU of HSIL Ltd.) Glass Factory Road, Off. -
Float Glass Inspection and Measurement Phone: +1-651-730-4090 Fax: +1-651-730-1955 for Highest Quality and Optimized Yields
Germany Phone: +49-89-85695-0 Fax: +49-89-85695-200 USA Float Glass Inspection and Measurement Phone: +1-651-730-4090 Fax: +1-651-730-1955 for Highest Quality and Optimized Yields Korea Phone: +82-2-527-1633 Fax: +82-2-527-1635 Taiwan Phone: +886-2-2920-7899 Fax: +886-2-2920-8198 Dr. Schenk’s production site Hong Kong Phone: +852-2425-1860 Fax: +852-2425-6775 China-Beijing Dr. Schenk GmbH, established in 1985, is an innovative Phone: +86-10-6503-2159 high-tech company based near Munich, Germany. Fax: +86-10-6503-2161 Dr. Schenk develops, produces and markets optical surface inspection and measurement solutions for automated China-Shanghai quality assurance and production process monitoring. Phone: +86-21-5836-6700 The systems are a key success factor in the making and Fax: +86-21-5836-6701 converting of many materials, e.g. plastics, glass, metal, PV modules, wovens & nonwovens, and the semiconduc- tor industry. Throughout the world Dr. Schenk’s 220 employees con- For further regional sales & tinue to set new standards for the inspection of surfaces. service representatives please refer Over 10,000 m² of modern production and testing facili- to www.drschenk.com ties are available to research, development and production to apply cutting-edge optics and electronics to customer applications. The company’s objective is complete customer satisfaction. This is achieved through innovative and practical solutions that can be implemented into new and existing production lines. Local sales and service facilities around the world ensure fast support, technical service, training and consult- ing at any phase of a project. -
ENABLING WONDERS. INSPIRING AWE. AIS Architectural Product Profile
ENABLING WONDERS. INSPIRING AWE. AIS Architectural Product Profile 1 FROM ART TO ARCHITECTURE Architecture is an emotional experience that begins in the mind of the architect. It starts from a vision that transforms into an art. Just like any artist, the architect gets to play with various materials and ideas. Glass is the latest material that is allowing architects to interpret space in a whole new way, inspire creative designs, and create structures that reflect beauty. AIS has the knowledge, expertise, and an unmatched array of products to bring an artistic idea from a vision to a masterpiece. 2 Cummins, Pune 3 ENABLING A FUTURE THAT SEES MORE AIS is India’s leading integrated glass company. Being a leader, AIS delivers top-of-the-line products and solutions through three Strategic Business Units (SBUs) of Automotive Glass, Architectural Glass and Consumer Glass. We use our glass product portfolio – which is the biggest in the country – to meet functional needs in an aesthetic and contemporary manner. With products that provide next-generation solutions, AIS brings new ideas to life – enabling an age of ‘green buildings’ and the dawn of a truly sustainable future. Taking the versatility of glass to the next level, AIS today has unmatched glass processing capabilities, including the processing of special glass products, that enables us to meet your every need, and fulfil every requirement. And help you realise your dream house in glass. 4 ARCHITECTURAL GLASS Architectural Glass, or float glass, is manufactured by floating the molten glass on a bed of molten metal, typically tin. This method gives the glass product uniform thickness and a very flat surface. -
Glass Shaping
MIT 3.071 Amorphous Materials 6: Glass Shaping Juejun (JJ) Hu 1 After-class reading list Fundamentals of Inorganic Glasses Ch. 20 Introduction to Glass Science and Technology Ch. 13 2 Image @ MIT. All rights reserved. This content is excluded from our Creative Commons license. For more information, see http://ocw.mit.edu/help/faq-fair-use/. “Viscosity makes things happen essentially in slow motion. If you are trying to melt a crystalline solid (like ice or an aluminum oxide ceramic), as soon as you reach the melting point, a drop of liquid forms and falls away from the melting surface. Glass, on the other hand, … gradually transforms from a hard solid to a slowly softening liquid. This soft liquid gradually stiffens as it cools (because of its increasing viscosity), allowing glass blower time to shape and manipulate the glass.” http://madsci.org/posts/archives/2007-09/1188944613.Ph.r.html 3 Viscosity reference points Working range PGM Glass blowing Lehr annealing Fiber drawing Float glass Pitch: 2.3 × 108 h 101 103 106.6 1012 1013.5 (Pa·s) Melting Working Softening Annealing Straining point point point point (Tg) point 4 Basic properties of common silicate glasses Soda-lime Borosilicate Fused silica CTE (ppm/°C) 9.2 3.2 0.5 Working point 1005 1252 N/A (°C) Softening point 696 821 1650 (°C) Annealing point 510 560 1140 (°C) Strain point (°C) 475 510 1070 5 Flat glass manufacturing: float glass process Forming of a continuous ribbon of glass using a molten tin bath Melting and refining (homogenization and bubble removal) Float bath: glass thickness controlled by flow speed Annealing: stress release Inspection, cutting and shipping 1 2.5 12 15 10 Pa·s 10 Pa·s 10 Pa·s > 10 Pa·s © H.S. -
Verdant Beauty, Espresso, and Warm Glass
SGAA News Featuring the latest from the Stained Glass Association of America Verdant Beauty, Espresso, and Warm Glass by Bryant J. Stanton, SGAA Editorial Committee Member he Stained Glass Association of America’s 106th summer stained glass conference was an overwhelming success, setting Trecords for registered attendance and class participation. Those of us who arrived early had a chance to slip away and explore the beauty that is the Pacific Northwest. As we traveled around the area, we were surprised by the num- ber of espresso bars and coffee shops dotting the landscape. I was also struck not only by the natural beauty and culture of the area, but also by the new innovations and rich history of the large glass companies in the Pacific Northwest. I came away from the confer- ence with ideas and inspiration based on the new techniques that these companies are putting forth. The Bullseye Projects Gallery On one of our early morning forays, we jumped onto Portland’s MAX Light Rail system and rode it to the chic Pearl District to tour Detail of a fused glass panel by Tim Carey of The Judson Studios. the Bullseye Glass Projects Gallery with its fused, cast, and blown Photo by The Judson Studios. glass. The gallery’s propped-open, thickly cast glass door immedi- ately caught my attention. The double door is impressive, standing at least 3 inches thick and about 10 feet tall. To give an idea of the window’s scale, the head of Christ alone The cast glass was incised with architectural design elements is 5 feet tall. -
Precision Sensors & Applications Glass Industry
Sensors & Applications Glass Industry More Precision Sensors and measuring systems confocalDT 2421 / 2422 Confocal chromatic sensors for for glass production distance and thickness measurements Modern glass production is increasin- One-sided thickness measurement of gly determined by maximum efficiency. transparent materials Therefore, rapid access to fundamental Synchronous 2-channel measurement process variables is required in order to with max. measuring rate ensure fast control of the process. With Best price/performance ratio in its class products such as container glass, flat glass or special glasses, tight manufac- turing tolerances must be adhered to while maintaining the shortest possible cycle times. colorCONTROL ACS Sensors for color measurement of transparent materials Due to the high degree of integration as Ideal for integration into processing lines well as the high accuracy and measure- due to high measuring rates ment speed, sensors from Micro-Epsilon are used in the glass industry for different High accuracy measurement tasks: robust eddy current Robust and suitable for industrial applications sensors are integrated into machines in order to detect machine movements while optical sensors monitor glass products in processing lines. Typical measured para- meters include displacement, position, thermoIMAGER / thermoMETER thickness, color and temperature. Thermal imaging cameras and infrared pyrometers for non-contact temperature measurement Fast and precise temperature measurement Real-time process monitoring and system control Compact design & extensive range of interfaces optoNCDT 1420 Compact laser triangulation displacement sensor for high speed, precision measurements Non-contact displacement and distance measurements with large measuring ranges from 10mm to 500mm High accuracy High measuring rate for dynamic measurements Compact design and easy to install Flat glass Temperature measurement of float glass After the tin bath, flat glass has a temperature of approx. -
Brief History of the Flat Glass Patent
World Patent Information 38 (2014) 50e56 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect World Patent Information journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/worpatin Brief history of the flat glass patent e Sixty years of the float process Marcio Luis Ferreira Nascimento a,b a Vitreous Materials Lab, Institute of Humanities, Arts and Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo s/n, Idioms Center Pavilion (PAF IV), Ondina University Campus, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil b PROTEC/PEI e Postgraduate Program in Industrial Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Aristides Novis 2, Federação, 40210-630 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil article info abstract Article history: This paper deals with one of the single most important innovations made in Great Britain since World Available online 4 July 2014 War II. It is certainly one of the greatest process inventions of the twentieth century. The float process is one of the most widely used methods for flat glass manufacturing as it ensures security, high quality and Keywords: productivity. From a historical point this innovation was the beginning of a revolutionary change in the Glass mass production of flat glass for the building and automotive sectors. More specifically this innovation Flat eliminates the traditional operations of rolling, grinding and polishing the glass surface while creating a Float high quality and inexpensive flat glass product. The first patent was applied for on December 10th, 1953 Patent History by Pilkington and Bickerstaff. This paper presents a brief discussion from the 1960s in a historical Technology perspective about this amazing discovery and the main patents related to it. -
Glass Needs for a Growing Photovoltaics Industry Keith Burrows1 and Vasilis Fthenakis1,2* 1Center for Life Cycle Analysis, Colum
BNL-107755-2015-JA Glass Needs for a Growing Photovoltaics Industry Keith Burrows1 and Vasilis Fthenakis1,2* 1Center for Life Cycle Analysis, Columbia University, New York, NY 2Photovoltaics Environmental Research Center, Brookhaven National Lab, Upton, NY Abstract With the projected growth in photovoltaics, the demand for glass for the solar industry will far exceed the current supply, and thousands of new float-glass plants will have to be built to meet its needs over the next 20 years. Such expansion will provide an opportunity for the solar industry to obtain products better suited to their needs, such as low-iron glass and borosilicate glass at the lowest possible price. While there are no significant technological hurdles that would prevent the flat glass industry from meeting the solar industry’s projected needs, to do so will require advance planning and substantial investments. 1. Introduction / Background For any solar technology to succeed, it must scale up in a manner that is the least expensive without compromising quality. Not only must the solar-cell manufacturers scale up their own manufacturing processes, they must ensure that their suppliers will be able to meet their demand. The 2005 to 2008 shortage of silicon needed to manufacture crystalline silicon solar cells is an excellent example of the problems that can occur when a supplier lags behind the development of an industry [1,2]. Although this was a temporary issue, it raised the prices for these technologies, and provided a window of opportunity for thin-film applications to capture a bigger market share. Most photovoltaic modules use glass. -
Understanding Float Glass Firing Schedules
Understanding Float Glass Firing Schedules There is a lot of misunderstanding about firing Different Thickness schedules for float glass. Most of that confusion With art glass if you want a 6m thick project you must comes from the assumption firing schedules will be fuse 2 layers of glass together. With float glass you very similar to those used for art glass. That can instead just use 6mm thick glass. confusion is compounded by a lot of misinformation being distributed that perpetuates myths about float Different Viscosity glass. Float is much stiffer than art glass so is slower to soften and requires higher temperatures to produce We should first talk about how float glass is different the same effects as art glass. than art glass. Let’s start with the most common myth – the assumption you can use the same firing Tin Side schedules for float you use for art glass by just With art glass it makes no difference which side of changing the top performance temperature by a the glass faces up unless you’re using textured glass fixed amount. You can use the same firing and want to retain the texture. Float is smooth on schedules used for COE 96 glass for COE 90° by both sides but it can make a huge difference whether just firing to 20°F higher but claiming you can do the you fire it in your kiln air side up or tin side up. same with float glass is wrong. There is no fixed temperature difference that will work. Let’s compare Allowances the differences between COE 96 fusing glass and These variables make it more difficult to get reliably float. -
REPORT Functional Glasses
Functional Glasses: Properties and Applications for Energy and Information REPORT Functional Glasses: Properties and Applications for Energy and Information January 6 – 11, 2013 Siracusa, Sicily, Italy Klaus Bange MK Consulting GmbH, Germany Himanshu Jain Lehigh University Carlo G. Pantano The Pennsylvania State University Sponsored by NSF’s International Materials Institute for New Functionality in Glass www.lehigh.edu/imi 1 Functional Glasses: Properties and Applications for Energy and Information Outline 1. Introduction 2. Glasses in Energy Technology 2.1 Applications of Glass in Energy Technology 2.2 Glass Properties for Energy Applications 2.3 Energy Storage Technologies 2.4 Summary: Glass and Energy 3. Glasses in Information Technology 3.1 Application of Glass in Information Technology 3.2 Glass Properties for Information Applications 3.3 Summary: Information Technology 4. Glass Processing and Fabrication 4.1 Summary: Glass Processing and Fabrication 5. Influence of the surface on glass properties 5.1 Summary: Glass surface and Properties 6. Summary 7. References Acknowledgement Appendix 2 Functional Glasses: Properties and Applications for Energy and Information 1. Introduction “The International Interactive Conference on Functional Glasses: Properties and Applications for Energy & Information” took place on January 6-11, 2013 in Siracusa, Sicily. The organization and funding of this unique conference were the result of a multi- year effort by the “NSF’s International Materials Institute for New Functionality in Glass (IMI-NFG)” to bring together active glass researchers with the industries using or manufacturing glass for innovative new products. The meeting was organized unlike most regular or topical conferences in order to promote extensive discussion amongst academics, technologists and manufacturers: invited speakers only, defined discussion leaders, an industry panel, a detailed summary report and a roadmap outlining future needs and opportunities for glass in these technologies. -
For the Creative Professional Working in Hot, Warm, and Cold Glass May/June 2019
For the Creative Professional Working in Hot, Warm, and Cold Glass May/June 2019 $7.00 U.S. $8.00 Canada Volume 34 Number 3 www.GlassArtMagazine.com KilnMaster Touchscreen Programming just got really cool! • Built-in Wifi and Free App • Write and Name Your Own Programs • Remote Monitoring • Help Screens for Every Feature • Navigates like your Smartphone • Graphing • Hinged Controller for Perfect Angle • Logging • Built-in Library of Programs • Improved Diagnostics ...and so much more skutt.com/kmtwww.Skutt.com/kmt Touchscreen ControllerV3.indd 1 8/16/18 8:09 AM May/June 2019 Volume 34, Number 3 6 Independent Artist From Wind and Water to Pâtisserie The Evolution of Shayna Leib’s Sculpture by Shawn Waggoner 14 Hot Glass Studio Profile Cheyenne Malcolm’s Personal Retrospective The Artist Behind Canned Heat Glass Studios by Shawn Waggoner 20 Functional Glass Nick Deviley The Glassroots Art Show Moves to Asheville by Shawn Waggoner 26 Personal Development Creativity—Using the Rhythm and Harmony of Multiples by Milon Townsend 29 What's New 30 Winning Glass Contemporary Glass Initiatives from The Corning Museum of Glass by Kimberly Thompson 34 GAS News GAS + British Glass Biennale New Partnership and Award Supports Worldwide Innovation and Collaboration by Tess McShane for the Glass Art Society 36 Warm Glass Studio Profile Vitrum Studio’s Judith Finn Conway and Kevin O’Toole Educating a New Generation of Kiln Forming Artists by Shawn Waggoner On the cover: Shayna Leib, 6 species. Photo by Eric Tadsen www.GlassArtMagazine.com Glass Art TM • May/June