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Usaid/Iraq Gender Assessment

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Usaid/Iraq Gender Assessment USAID/IRAQ GENDER ASSESSMENT Final Report May 2010 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by The QED Group, LLC under contract number 267-M-00-09-00513-00. USAID/IRAQ GENDER ASSESSMENT The QED Group, LLC 1250 Eye St., NW, Suite 1100 Washington, DC 20005 Tel: (202) 521-1900 Fax: (202) 521-1901 www.qedgroupllc.com DISCLAIMER The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...................................................................................... ii ACRONYMS .......................................................................................................... iii GLOSSARY OF GENDER TERMS ........................................................................ v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................... vi INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1 WHY GENDER MATTERS .......................................................................................................... 1 PURPOSE OF ASSESSMENT ....................................................................................................... 3 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................. 3 GENDER AND SECURITY ................................................................................... 6 INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSES TO GENDER ISSUES IN IRAQ ................. 12 GOVERNMENT OF IRAQ GENDER STRATEGY ...............................................................12 GENDER AND THE USAID/IRAQ COUNTRY STRATEGY ...........................................15 GENDER, DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE AND NATIONAL CAPACITY STRENTHENING IN IRAQ ................................................................................ 18 USAID/IRAQ DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE AND NATIONAL CAPACITY STRENGTHENING PROGRAMS .............................................................................................24 PROGRAM GENDER ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................... 25 GENDER AND THE ECONOMY IN IRAQ ...................................................... 29 USAID/IRAQ ECONOMIC GROWTH AND PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS ...................................................................................................................................31 PROGRAM GENDER ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................... 32 USAID/IRAQ INTEGRATED AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT (IAD) PROGRAM ...36 PROGRAM GENDER ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................... 36 GENDER AND EDUCATION IN IRAQ ............................................................ 40 USAID/IRAQ EDUCATION PROGRAM ...............................................................................47 PROGRAM GENDER ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................... 47 GENDER AND HEALTH IN IRAQ .................................................................... 51 USAID/IRAQ HEALTH PROGRAM.........................................................................................57 PROGRAM GENDER ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................... 58 INTERNATIONAL DONORS’ GENDER STRATEGIES AND PROGRAMS 61 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................ 65 APPENDIX A: ADDITIONAL DELIVERABLES ............................................. 69 APPENDIX B: GENDER ASSESSMENT BACKGROUND MATERIALS .... 96 i USAID/IRAQ GENDER ASSESSMENT ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report was prepared under the auspices of the USAID/Iraq Performance Evaluation and Reporting for Results Management (PERFORM) project, implemented by The QED Group, LLC. It was prepared by Patricia T. Morris, Ph.D., Patricia Marcus, JD, Fiona McDowell and Helen Welch with assistance from PERFORM local staff. Sincere thanks go to the USAID/Iraq Mission for the collaboration, support, and warm welcome provided throughout the process of preparation and field work for this Gender Assessment. Mission management, team leaders, and implementing partner staff provided substantial information, resources, and insight into the programs and gender issues for past and future USAID/Iraq programs. Much appreciation also goes to the director and staff of PERFORM’s data collection partner for their support in the administration of focus group discussions. In addition, thanks are extended to Iraqi governmental officials, local NGOs and civil society members concerned with gender issues in Iraq who shared their experiences, expertise and insight in interviews and focus group discussions. Special thanks to the staff of the PERFORM project for their support and assistance in the completion of the report. ii USAID/IRAQ GENDER ASSESSMENT ACRONYMS ADS Automated Directives System ARDI Agriculture Reconstruction and Development in Iraq BSA Board of Supreme Audit CAII Creative Associates International, Inc. CAP Community Action Program CEDAW United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women CGA Country Gender Assessment COI Commission on Public Integrity COR Council of Representatives COSIT Central Organization for Statistics and Information Technology CSO Civil Society Organization DG Democracy & Governance DOD Department of Defense ECWR Egyptian Centre for Women's Rights EGAT/WID Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade/Women in Development EMIS Education Management Information System FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FGC Female Genital Cutting FGM Female Genital Mutilation G8 Group of Eight GIS Geographic Information System GoI Government of Iraq HEAD Higher Education and Development HPV Human Papillomavirus HR Human Resources ICDT International Centre for Democratic Transition ICT Information and Communication Technology ID Iraqi Dinar IDP Internally Displaced Person IFHS Iraq Family Health Survey IG Inspector General IHEC Independent High Electoral Commission IRC International Rescue Committee ITC Information and Communication Technology KRG Kurdistan Regional Government LGP III Local Governance Program LSP Legislative Strengthening Program M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MENA Middle East and North Africa region MICS Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoDM Ministry of Displaced and Migrants MoE Ministry of Education MoF Ministry of Finance MoH Ministry of Health MoHER Ministry of Higher Education and Research MoHR Ministry of Human Rights iii USAID/IRAQ GENDER ASSESSMENT MoJ Ministry of Justice MoLSA Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs MoMPW Ministry of Municipalities and Public Works MoO Ministry of Oil MoPDC Ministry of Planning and Development Cooperation MoP-KRG Ministry of Planning of the Kurdistan Regional Government MOU Memorandum of Understanding NACS Iraq National Anti-Corruption Strategy NCD National Capacity Development NDI National Democratic Institute NDP National Development Plan NES National Education Strategy NGO Non-Governmental Organization OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OHCHR Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights PAPID Participatory Assessment and Project Idea Development PERFORM Performance Evaluation and Reporting for Results Management PMP Performance Management Plan PPA Provincial Powers Act PRT Provincial Reconstruction Team PTSD Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder RFP Request for Proposals RISE Revitalization of Iraqi Schools and Stabilization of Education SEAGA Socio-economic and Gender Analysis SGBV Sexual and Gender-Based Violence SME Small and Medium Enterprises SMoWA State Ministry of Women’s Affairs SMS Short Message Service SOW Scope of Work SSN Social Safety Net STD Sexually Transmitted Disease TOT Training of Trainers TPP The Protection Project TWG Transition Working Group/Council of Ministers Secretariat UN United Nations UNAMI United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq UNCAC United Nations Convention against Corruption UNDP United Nations Development Program UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNIFEM United Nations Development Fund for Women US United States USAID United States Agency for International Development USF-I United States Forces-Iraq USG United States Government WEO Women’s Empowerment Organization WFP World Food Program WHO World Health Organization WTO World Trade Organization iv USAID/IRAQ GENDER ASSESSMENT GLOSSARY OF GENDER TERMS1 Gender refers to the socially constructed economic, social, political and cultural roles and responsibilities, attributes and opportunities assigned to females and males in a given society. Gender differs from sex in that sex refers to biological characteristics of males and females. Gender relations and gender inequality vary among cultures and change over time. Gender Analysis is a set of research methodologies that identify and interpret the consequences of gender differences and gender relations for achieving development objectives, as well as the implications of development interventions for changing relations of power between women and
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