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No. ICC-01/04-02/12 18 December ICC-01/04-02/12-3-tENG 12-04-2013 1/198 FB T Original: French No.: ICC-01/04-02/12 Date: 18 December 2012 TRIAL CHAMBER II Before: Judge Bruno Cotte, Presiding Judge Judge Fatoumata Dembele Diarra Judge Christine Van den Wyngaert SITUATION IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO IN THE CASE OF THE PROSECUTOR v. MATHIEU NGUDJOLO Public document Judgment pursuant to article 74 of the Statute No. ICC-01/04-02/12 1 18 December 2012 Official Court Translation ICC-01/04-02/12-3-tENG 12-04-2013 2/198 FB T Decision to be notified in accordance with regulation 31 of the Regulations of the Court to: Office of the Prosecutor Counsel for Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui Ms Fatou Bensouda, Prosecutor Mr Jean-Pierre Kilenda Kakengi Basila Mr Éric MacDonald, Senior Trial Lawyer Mr Jean-Pierre Fofé Djofia Malewa Legal Representatives of Victims Legal Representatives of Applicants Mr Jean-Louis Gilissen Mr Fidel Nsita Luvengika Unrepresented Victims Unrepresented Applicants for Participation/Reparations Office of Public Counsel for Victims Office of Public Counsel for the Defence States’ Representatives REGISTRY Registrar Counsel Support Section Ms Silvana Arbia Victims and Witnesses Unit Detention Section Ms Maria-Luisa Martinod-Jacome Mr Patrick Craig Victims Participation and Reparations Other Section No. ICC-01/04-02/12 2 18 December 2012 Official Court Translation ICC-01/04-02/12-3-tENG 12-04-2013 3/198 FB T I. OVERVIEW.............................................................................................................. 6 A. LOCATION OF BOGORO.................................................................................. 6 B. THE ACCUSED.................................................................................................... 7 C. THE CHARGES.................................................................................................... 7 II. BRIEF HISTORY OF THE CASE......................................................................... 11 A. JURISDICTION .................................................................................................. 11 B. PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND.................................................................... 11 C. PARTICIPATION OF VICTIMS ...................................................................... 15 III. THE CHAMBER’S CRITERIA FOR ITS EVALUATION OF THE EVIDENCE17 A. BURDEN OF PROOF ........................................................................................ 17 B. FACTS REQUIRING NO EVIDENCE ............................................................ 18 1. Facts of common knowledge......................................................................... 18 2. Agreements as to evidence ............................................................................ 18 C. THE EVIDENCE ................................................................................................ 18 1. Evidence assessment method........................................................................ 19 2. Assessment of oral testimony........................................................................ 20 3. Assessment of evidence other than direct oral evidence .......................... 22 4. Assessment of documentary evidence......................................................... 23 5. Expert witnesses.............................................................................................. 24 6. Interpretation and translation ....................................................................... 24 7. Protective measures........................................................................................ 25 8. Testimony and statement of the Accused persons..................................... 26 9. Judicial site visit .............................................................................................. 26 10. Circumstantial evidence................................................................................. 27 11. Corroboration .................................................................................................. 28 III. THE SUBMISSIONS OF THE PARTIES AND PARTICIPANTS ................... 29 A. PROSECUTION SUBMISSIONS...................................................................... 29 B. SUBMISSIONS OF THE DEFENCE FOR MATHIEU NGUDJOLO........... 37 C. SUBMISSIONS OF THE LEGAL REPRESENTATIVES OF VICTIMS ....... 43 1. Submissions of the common legal representative of the main group of victims ...................................................................................................................... 43 2. Submissions of the Legal Representative of the group of child-soldier victims ...................................................................................................................... 45 IV. THE CHAMBER’S APPROACH AND KEY FINDINGS ................................ 47 V. THE PROSECUTOR’S INVESTIGATIONS....................................................... 50 No. ICC-01/04-02/12 3 18 December 2012 Official Court Translation ICC-01/04-02/12-3-tENG 12-04-2013 4/198 FB T VII. ANALYSIS OF THE CREDIBILITY OF SPECIFIC WITNESSES..................... 54 A. KEY PROSECUTION WITNESSES .................................................................... 55 1. P-250 ..................................................................................................................... 55 a) Main subject areas covered by Witness P-250’s testimony...................... 55 b) Analysis........................................................................................................... 57 c) Conclusion .................................................................................................. 66 2. P-279.................................................................................................................. 67 a) Main subject areas covered by Witness P-279’s testimony...................... 67 b) Analysis........................................................................................................... 69 c) Conclusion .................................................................................................. 77 3. P-280 ..................................................................................................................... 77 a) Main subject areas covered by Witness P-280’s testimony...................... 77 b) Analysis ....................................................................................................... 79 c) Conclusion .................................................................................................. 85 B. OTHER WITNESSES ............................................................................................. 86 1. P-28.................................................................................................................... 86 a) Main subject areas covered by Witness P-28’s testimony.................... 86 b) Analysis ....................................................................................................... 87 c) Conclusion .................................................................................................. 97 2. P-219.................................................................................................................. 99 a) Main subject areas covered by Witness P-219’s testimony...................... 99 b) Analysis......................................................................................................... 101 c) Conclusion ................................................................................................ 108 3. P-317................................................................................................................ 109 a) Main subject areas covered by Witness P-317’s testimony.................... 109 b) Analysis ............................................................................................................. 110 c) Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 111 4. D03-88 ............................................................................................................. 112 a) Main subject areas covered by Witness D03-88’s testimony................. 112 b) Analysis ............................................................................................................. 114 c) Conclusion......................................................................................................... 117 VIII. THE EVENTS IN BOGORO .............................................................................. 117 A. TERMINOLOGY ................................................................................................. 118 B. BOGORO VILLAGE ............................................................................................ 119 C. THE ATTACK...................................................................................................... 120 D. CONCLUSION .................................................................................................... 125 IX. FACTUAL FINDINGS ON THE ROLE OF MATHIEU NGUDJOLO ........... 127 A. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 127 No. ICC-01/04-02/12 4 18 December 2012 Official Court Translation ICC-01/04-02/12-3-tENG 12-04-2013 5/198 FB T B. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FNI COMBATANTS AND THE LENDU MILITIA COMBATANTS FROM BEDU-EZEKERE GROUPEMENT.............. 128 C. ORGANISATION OF THE LENDU COMBATANTS OF BEDU-EZEKERE GROUPEMENT .......................................................................................................
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