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Banned Composers in the Nazi Era Guest Artists Jocelyn Adelman, Violin Amanda Halstead, Piano with KSU Professor Laurence Sherr
School of Music & Museum of History and Holocaust Education present A Kristallnacht Commemoration Lecture-Recital ‘Degenerate Music’: Banned Composers in the Nazi Era Guest Artists Jocelyn Adelman, violin Amanda Halstead, piano with KSU Professor Laurence Sherr Partnership between KSU and the Anti-Defamation League Southeast Final event in the ADL series Celebrating Defiance Monday, November 5, 2012 7:30 p.m. Music Building Recital Hall Twenty-seventh Concert of the 2012-2013 Season Kennesaw State University School of Music & Museum of History and Holocaust Education Music Building Recital Hall November 5, 2012 ADL Presentation – “No Place for Hate” Bill Nigut, Southeast Regional Director, Anti-Defamation League Holli Levinson, Education Director, Anti-Defamation League Dr. Catherine Lewis, Executive Director, Museum of History and Holocaust Education ‘Degenerate Music’: Banned Composers in the Nazi Era Lecture by Dr. Laurence Sherr INTERMISSION And Their Music Lives On... Recital presenting music by composers suppressed by the Nazis Jocelyn Adelman, violin Amanda Halstead, piano Sonata in F Major, Op. 3 (1920) Ernst Krenek Allegro ma non troppo (1900-1991) Scherzo Sonata No. 2, Op. 40 (1917) Darius Milhaud Pastoral (1892-1974) Vif Lent Tres vif Serenade in A Major (1895) Alexander Zemlinsky Massig (1872-1942) Langsam, mit grossem Ausdruck Sehr schnell und leicht Walzer-tempo Schnell “Culture in the Third Reich: Disseminating the Nazi Worldview” United States Holocaust Memorial Museum website article National Socialism represented much more than a political movement. Nazi leaders who came to power in January 1933 desired more than to gain political authority, to revise the Versailles Treaty, and to regain and expand upon those lands lost after a humiliating defeat in World War I. -
Musicians Who Kept It Quiet During World War II
Musicians who kept it quiet during World War II • Shirley Apthorp From: The Australian November 19, 2011 12:00AM The Spivakovsky-Kurtz trio, from left, Tossy and Jascha Spivakovsky and Edmund Kurtz. Source: Supplied German musicologist and music critic Albrecht Dumling. Picture: Ana Pinto Source: Supplied THE invitation to bomb Berlin caught Albrecht Dumling by surprise. The German musicologist was not being collared by militant extremists in a dark pub. He was visiting the Australian War Memorial in Canberra. There is an exhibit of a Royal Air Force bomber plane with an interactive button to simulate bombing Berlin. "It's like an adventure toy," Dumling recalls. "It felt very strange to be prompted to drop bombs on Berlin. I didn't." Instead, he wrote a book. Vanished Musicians: Jewish Refugees in Australia has just been published by the Bohlau Verlag in Germany. It contains many shocking revelations about a largely forgotten side of Australia's cultural past. Questioning the way history is presented is one of Dumling's chief preoccupations. He was in Canberra to sift through the National Archives, looking into what really happened to Jewish musicians whose flight from Nazi terror brought them to Australia. Today, it is tempting to imagine Australia as a safe haven, where the unjustly persecuted could begin again. The reality was different. Australia was not eager to accept Jewish immigrants. At the Evian Conference of 1938, Australia's trade and customs minister Thomas White, pleading against large-scale Jewish immigration, declared that "as we have no real racial problem, we are not desirous of importing one". -
Ich Sitze Und Schaue Aus: Genesis, Evolution, and Interpretation Of
ICH SITZE UND SCHAUE AUS: GENESIS, EVOLUTION, AND INTERPRETATION OF K.A. HARTMANN’S FIRST SYMPHONY by DAVID ALLEN CHAPMAN, JR. (Under the Direction of David Haas) ABSTRACT This thesis seeks to identify the personal forces that motivated the composition of the Karl Amadeus Hartmann’s Symphony no. 1, Versuch eines Requiems, and how these may inform an interpretation of the Symphony today. These issues include the influences that led to Hartmann’s unique style in the 1930s, the politics of the work’s would-be reception in the early years of the Nazi Regime, and the post-war changes in the composer’s own interpretation of the work. The final chapter proposes an interpretive reading of the work as a dramatic monologue by the Allmutter, personified by the alto singer, and who mourns the loss of “her sons, her daughters” in a great and oppressive “misery” – an obvious comment on the cruelty and destruction of the Third Reich. The untexted theme and variations movement is seen as a meaningful gesture of identification with those oppressed by the Regime. INDEX WORDS: Karl Amadeus Hartmann, Music History, Walt Whitman, Modernism, Symphony, Hermeneutics, Germany, Nazism, Music and Politics ICH SITZE UND SCHAUE AUS: GENESIS, EVOLUTION, AND INTERPRETATION OF K.A. HARTMANN’S FIRST SYMPHONY by DAVID ALLEN CHAPMAN, JR. B.M., Kennesaw State University, 2001 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS ATHENS, GEORGIA 2006 © 2006 David Allen Chapman, Jr. All Right Reserved ICH SITZE UND SCHAUE AUS: GENESIS, EVOLUTION, AND INTERPRETATION OF K.A. -
The Concurrent Prevalence of Modernism and Romanticism As Seen in the Operas Performed Between the World Wars and Exemplified in Ernst Krenek’S Jonny Spielt Auf
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 6-10-2020 The Concurrent Prevalence of Modernism and Romanticism as seen in the Operas Performed between the World Wars and Exemplified in Ernst Krenek’s Jonny Spielt Auf Nicole Fassold Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Music Performance Commons Recommended Citation Fassold, Nicole, "The Concurrent Prevalence of Modernism and Romanticism as seen in the Operas Performed between the World Wars and Exemplified in Ernst Krenek’s Jonny Spielt Auf" (2020). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 5301. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/5301 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. THE CONCURRENT PREVALENCE OF MODERNISM AND ROMANTICISM AS SEEN IN THE OPERAS PERFORMED BETWEEN THE WORLD WARS AND EXEMPLIFIED IN ERNST KRENEK’S JONNY SPIELT AUF A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Musical Arts in The College of Music and Dramatic Arts by Nicole Fassold B.M., Colorado State University, 2015 M.M., University of Delaware, 2017 August 2020 Acknowledgements I would like to express my deepest gratitude to the professors and panel members that have guided me throughout my Doctoral studies as well as to my parents and sister, my family all over the world, my friends, and my incredible husband for their unending support and encouragement. -
Cover Art Toch a MESSAGE from the MILKEN ARCHIVE FOUNDER a MESSAGE from the MILKEN ARCHIVE ARTISTIC DIRECTOR
Cover Art Toch A MESSAGE FROM THE MILKEN ARCHIVE FOUNDER A MESSAGE FROM THE MILKEN ARCHIVE ARTISTIC DIRECTOR Dispersed over the centuries to all corners of the earth, the Jewish people absorbed The quality, quantity, and amazing diversity of sacred as well as secular music written elements of its host cultures while, miraculously, maintaining its own. As many Jews for or inspired by Jewish life in America is one of the least acknowledged achievements reconnected in America, escaping persecution and seeking to take part in a visionary of modern Western culture. The time is ripe for a wider awareness and appreciation democratic society, their experiences found voice in their music. The sacred and secu- of these various repertoires—which may be designated appropriately as an aggregate lar body of work that has developed over the three centuries since Jews first arrived “American Jewish music.” The Milken Archive is a musical voyage of discovery on these shores provides a powerful means of expressing the multilayered saga of encompassing hundreds of original pieces—symphonies, operas, concertos, cantorial American Jewry. masterpieces, complete synagogue services, and folk, popular, and Yiddish theater music. The music in the Archive—all born of the American Jewish experience or fashioned for uniquely American institutions—has been created by native American or immigrant My personal interest in music and deep abiding commitment to synagogue life and the Jewish people composers. The repertoire is chosen by a panel of leading musicians, musicologists, cantors, and united as I developed an increasing appreciation for the quality and tremendous diversity of music Judaic scholars who have selected works based on or inspired by traditional Jewish melodies or modes, written for or inspired by the American Jewish experience. -
From Holy German Art to Degenerate Art: Nazi Ideology and Opera
Bard College Bard Digital Commons Senior Projects Fall 2020 Bard Undergraduate Senior Projects Fall 2020 From Holy German Art to Degenerate Art: Nazi Ideology and Opera Jingyi Zhou Bard College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.bard.edu/senproj_f2020 Part of the German Language and Literature Commons, and the Music Commons This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. Recommended Citation Zhou, Jingyi, "From Holy German Art to Degenerate Art: Nazi Ideology and Opera" (2020). Senior Projects Fall 2020. 37. https://digitalcommons.bard.edu/senproj_f2020/37 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Bard Undergraduate Senior Projects at Bard Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Projects Fall 2020 by an authorized administrator of Bard Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. From Holy German Art to Degenerate Art: Nazi Ideology and Opera Senior Project submitted to The Division of Languages and Literatures of Bard College by Jingyi Zhou Annandale-on-Hudson, New York December 2020 Acknowledgement I would like to express my deepest and most sincere gratitude to my project advisor and German professor Franz Kempf, who has always given me untiring support, insightful advice, and warm encouragement. I can’t imagine the completion of this project without his help and support. My thanks also go to Professor Peter Laki. Our meetings during the summer gave me a deeper understanding of this topic as well as clearer planning for my project. I also want to thank Professor Stephanie Kufner who first introduced this amazing topic to me last year. -
Classical Music, Propaganda, and the American Cultural Agenda in West Berlin (1945–1949)
Music among the Ruins: Classical Music, Propaganda, and the American Cultural Agenda in West Berlin (1945–1949) by Abby E. Anderton A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Music: Musicology) in the University of Michigan 2012 Doctoral Committee: Professor Jane Fair Fulcher, Chair Professor Steven M. Whiting Associate Professor Charles H. Garrett Associate Professor Silke-Maria Weineck To my family ii Acknowledgements While writing this dissertation, I have been so fortunate to have the encouragement of many teachers, friends, and relatives, whose support has been instrumental in this process. My first thanks must go to my wonderful advisor, Dr. Jane Fulcher, and to my committee members, Dr. Charles Garrett, Dean Steven Whiting, and Dr. Silke-Maria Weineck, for their engaging and helpful feedback. Your comments and suggestions were the lifeblood of this dissertation, and I am so grateful for your help. To the life-long friends I made while at Michigan, thank you for making my time in Ann Arbor so enriching, both academically and personally. A thank you to Dennis and to my family, whose constant encouragement has been invaluable. Lastly, I would like to thank my mom and dad, who always encouraged my love of music, even if it meant sitting through eleven community theater productions of The Wizard of Oz. I am more grateful for your help than I could ever express, so I will simply say, “thank you.” iii Table of Contents Dedication ....................................................................................................................... -
The Rhineland Bastards
Who were the Rhineland Bastards? Degenerate Music "Rhineland Bastard" was a derogatory term Many black performers and jazz musicians of the commonly used when referring to Afro-German Third Reich had their reputations destroyed, because children. Initially the term denoted only those they played what was known as degenerate music, whose father had been an Allied soldier of or Entartete Musik. Jazz musicians were called African descent, more specifically children of "Gaëtano", meaning Gypsy, and "Schwarzer", soldiers in the French colonial troops who meaning black. Many musicians whose art was occupied the important industrial Rhineland. The considered degenerate went into exile, including term gained popularity during the years of the Kurt Weill, Paul Hindemith, Arnold Schoenberg, Weimar Republic 1919-1933 and eventually Berthold Goldschmidt, and more. Boris Blacher, began being used exclusively to refer to all Afro- Karl Amadeus Hartmann, and others retreated into German children regardless of their father's internal exile, and some musicians like Viktor occupation or heritage. The Rhineland Bastards Ullmann and Erwin Schulhoff were sent to were victims of persecution, sterilization, and concentration camps. Degenerate music was also Source: suite.io/eric-brothers brutality. displayed in exhibits in Germany in 1938. Source: manchesterwire.co.uk Faculty Advisor: Languages, Dr. Louise Stoehr The Rhineland Bastards Cultures, & Natalia Mujadzic Communication Degenerate Art Commission Number 3 Degenerate Art, or Entartete Kunst, is modern art “Commission Number 3″ was created by the banned during the Third Reich, because it was Nazis to deal with the so-called problem of the considered un-German, Jewish, or Communist in “Rhineland Bastards”. -
Songs from the Ashes: an Examination of Three Holocaust-Themed Song Cycles by Lori Laitman" (2007)
UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations 1-1-2007 Songs from the ashes: An examination of three Holocaust- themed song cycles by Lori Laitman Serdar Ilban University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/rtds Repository Citation Ilban, Serdar, "Songs from the ashes: An examination of three Holocaust-themed song cycles by Lori Laitman" (2007). UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations. 2790. http://dx.doi.org/10.25669/mots-mvtn This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SONGS FROM THE ASHES: AN EXAMINATION OF THREE HOLOCAUST-THEMED SONG CYCLES BY LORI LAITMAN by Serdar Ilban Bachelor of Music University of Istanbul 1992 Master of Music The Boston Conservatory 1995 A doctoral document submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Musical Arts Degree in Performance Department of Music College of Fine Arts Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas May 2008 UMI Number: 3319130 Copyright 2008 by Ilban, Serdar All rights reserved. -
Righting and Remembering the Nazi Past: “Suppressed Music” in American Concert Performance
Righting and Remembering the Nazi Past: “Suppressed Music” in American Concert Performance LILY E. HIRSCH On October 4, 2012, in the audience at a “Recovered Voices” concert in Santa Monica, I found myself speaking to the individual sitting to my right, Louisa Saini. Before the concert began, I asked her about her attraction to the evening’s event. She explained that she respected conductor James Conlon’s reputation, enjoyed chamber music (the focus of the night), and wanted to take advantage of music so near her house. Still, she admitted very honestly that she was “a little uncomfortable” initially that night: she had overheard audience members discussing the composers’ fates and their own Jewish histories.1 But why this discomfort? Did she feel that she somehow had no right to this concert, that this music was not her own? Was a Jewish identity or historical connection necessarily a part of the evening? Or was this discomfort generated by a clash of conscience—looking forward to the music while acknowledging its violent historical context? Fast forward to July 11, 2013: in Tablet Magazine James Loeffler addressed performances devoted to the problematic term “Holocaust Music,” concentrating on the activity of Murry Sidlin: “It may sound like heresy to criticize a pious act of Holocaust remembrance. But the true heresy is to turn Jewish composers into shadow images defined only by their status as Hitler’s victims.”2 Online reactions below Leoffler’s article varied widely. A surprisingly unreflective response from the author of Virtually Jewish, Ruth Ellen Gruber, complained: “I don't understand his criticism—it smacks of ‘oh, here is someone being praised, I guess I better shoot him down.’” Another poster, Nicole Maratovah Czarnecki, simply seemed stuck on the notion that work in this area is, yes, noble. -
Erik Levi Resisting Nazism – Hartmann, Blacher and Von Einem
Erik Levi Resisting Nazism – Hartmann, Blacher and von Einem We are all too familiar with the extreme climate of fear perpetrated by the Nazi regime. The repressive measures unleashed by the totalitarian state were designed to muzzle opposition,makingitallbutimpossibletodefythestatusquo.Indeed,thosethatengaged in non-compliance were perfectly aware of the risks they were taking, and that the con- sequences of being found out could be severe. Nevertheless, charting the extent to which individuals might be regarded as being actively engaged in non-compliance or resistance during this period is by no means a straightforward process. It can prove particularly challenging in the case of cultural issues. The task of evaluating the often bewildering degree of responses by creative artists to the sequence of official directives that evolved during the “Third Reich” is invariably complex. It requires a certain degree of sensitivity in relating private thoughts, committed through diary entries and personal letters, or recounted in memoirs often published years later, with public action at the time. The question therefore arises as to whether it is possible to reconcile the inner recesses of the mind, that perhaps presented a stance of personal resistance, with day-to-day behaviour, which, to all intents and purposes, suggested obeisance and absolute political loyalty? This tension between the internal and external continues to be one of the major issues confronting scholars researching musical life in Nazi Germany. It begs a number of questions with regard to the position of some of the most prominent personalities. Yettemptingthoughitmightbetoclassifytheir activities as being specifically in either the complicit or resistance categories, such binary divisions prove far too blunt a tool to serve a useful purpose. -
DMA Abstract Page
DEGENERATE MUSIC?! MUSICAL CENSORSHIP IN THE THIRD REICH by Mark Lewis Singer Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment Of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Musical Arts 2011 Advisory Committee Professor Gerald Fischbach, Chair Professor Evelyn Elsing Professor Barbara Haggh-Huglo Professor Marsha L. Rozenblit Professor James Stern ABSTRACT Title of dissertation DEGENERATE MUSIC?! MUSICAL CENSORSHIP IN THE THIRD REICH Mark Lewis Singer, Doctor of Musical Arts, 2011 Dissertation directed by Professor Gerald Fischbach School of Music In 1938, in Düsseldorf, the Nazis put on an exhibit entitled "Entartete Musik” (degenerate music), which included composers on the basis of their “racial origins” (i.e. Jews), or because of the “modernist style” of their music. Performance, publication, broadcast, or sale of music by composers deemed “degenerate” was forbidden by law throughout the Third Reich. Among these composers were some of the most prominent composers of the first half of the twentieth-century. They included Stravinsky, Schoenberg, Webern, Berg, Mahler, Ernst Krenek, George Gershwin, Kurt Weill, Erwin Schulhoff, and others. The music of nineteenth-century composers of Jewish origin, such as Mendelssohn and Meyerbeer, was also officially proscribed. In each of the three recitals for this project, significant works were performed by composers who were included in this exhibition, namely, Mendelssohn, Webern, Berg, Weill, and Hans Gal. In addition, as an example of self-censorship, a work of Karl Amadeus Hartmann was included. Hartmann chose “internal exile” by refusing to allow performance of his works in Germany during the Nazi regime.