“Promoting a resilient campus community” Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Prepared by the Eastern Michigan University June 2012 Emergency Management Office Rev.2.2 This page is intentionally left blank This page is left intentionally blank Eastern Michigan University Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Prepared by: Eastern Michigan University Office of Emergency Management 204C Public Safety Building Eastern Michigan University Ypsilanti, MI 48197 http://www.emich.edu/ June, 2012 This page is left intentionally blank i Record of Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Revisions Date Section Pages Entered By 8-23-12 All document review All Mark Wesley 2-13-13 Appendices 201-216 Mark Wesley ii Table of Contents Section 1: Introduction………………………………………………………………..… 1 Background and Purpose………………………………………………….………..…. 1 Authority…………………………………………………………………………….. 3 Disaster Resistant University Initiative……………………………………..………… 4 Eastern Michigan University…………………………………………………..……… 5 Scope of Plan……………………………………………………………………..…… 8 Plan Overview…………………………………………………………………..…….. 11 Mission Statement…………………………………………..………………………… 13 Section 2: Community Profile……………………………………………..……………. 13 Community Background……………………………………………………………… 13 Population and Demographics………………………………………………………... 14 Geography and Environment…………………………………………………………. 18 Employment and Industry…………………………………………….………………. 19 Housing………………………………………………………………………….……. 23 Social & Community Development………………………………………………... 24 Zoning & Land Use…………………………………………………………………… 25 Transportation Network………………………………………………………………. 29 Police, Fire and Emergency Facilities………………………………………………… 34 Section 3: University Profile…………………………………………….…………….… 36 University Impact……………...……..…………………………………………..…… 36 University Mission…………………………………………………….……………. 37 University Background……………...……………………………….………………... 37 Organizational Structure……………………………………………………..……… 38 Scope……………………………………………………………………………...…… 40 Economic Impact………………………………..……………………..……………… 40 Section 4: Planning Process………………………………………………………..……. 42 Overview of Hazard Mitigation Planning…………………………………..……….... 42 Preparing the Plan……………………………………………………………....…….. 43 The Advisory Committee, Committee Meetings and Public Involvement…...……..... 49 Section 5: Hazard Identification, Risk Analysis & Vulnerability Assessment……..... 51 Initial Hazard Identification………………………………..………..………………... 51 State and Federal Disaster Declarations………………………………………………. 54 University Facilities Inventory………………………………………………………... 55 Natural Hazard………………………………………………………………………... 63 Mold…………………………………………...……………………………………… 81 Technological Hazards……………….………………………………..…........……… 84 Societal Hazards…………………………………………………………………..…... 106 Hazard Priority Rating……………………………………………………………….... 117 Hazard Summary……………………………………...………………...…………….. 120 iii Section 6: Mitigation Strategy…………………………………………………………... 121 Introduction…………………………………..……………………………………..… 121 Eastern Michigan University Mitigation Goals……………………………………….. 123 Identification and Analysis of Mitigation Actions……………………………………. 129 Recommendation and Prioritization of Mitigation Actions…………………………... 134 Potential Funding Sources…………………………………………………………….. 142 Section 7: Plan Implementation and Maintenance…………………………….....…… 143 Adoption and Implementation………………………………………………………… 143 Monitoring, Reviewing and Amending……………………………………………….. 144 Continued Public Involvement………………………………………………………... 146 Section 8: References…………………………………………………………………….. 147 Print Resources…………………………..……………………………….…………… 147 Website Resources…………………………………………….……………………… 148 Section 9: Appendices…………………………………………………………………… 149 EMU Hazard Mitigation Risk Assessment Results 2011……………..……………. 149 Mass Notification & Emergency Communications…………………………………. 171 Hazard Mitigation Meeting Sign in November 19, 2010…………………………... 175 EMHE Presentation Sign in December 13, 2011…………………………………...... 176 November Mitigation Meeting Public Posting……………………………………... 177 November Mitigation Meeting Public Posting 2…………………………………… 178 Health and Safety Committee Minutes September 17, 2010…………………………. 179 Health and Safety Committee Minutes October 15, 2010……………….…………. 181 Health and Safety Committee Minutes April 15, 2011……………………………….. 184 Health and Safety Committee Minutes August 19, 2011…………………………….. 186 Health and Safety Committee Minutes December 16, 2011………………………….. 189 Washtenaw Emergency Managers Consortium Risk Assessment Meeting March 23, 2012…………………………………………………………………………………… 192 Mitigation Plan Community Presentation June 14, 2012…………………………... 193 Mitigation Plan Committee Presentation June 15, 2012……………………………… 199 Figures Figure 1-1: EMU Campus Locations Map……………………………………………..…. 7 Figure 1-2: EMU Main Campus Map…………………………………………………….. 10 Figure 2-1: Population by County Map…………………………………………………… 16 Figure 2-2: EMU Student Gender Distribution…………………………………………… 17 Figure 2-3: EMU Student Racial Distribution……………………………………………. 17 Figure 2-4: Labor Force Annual Average Map…………………………………………… 22 Figure 2-5: Ypsilanti Road Map………………………………………………………….. 26 Figure 2-6: Michigan Road Map………………………………………………………….. 27 Figure 2-7: Washtenaw County Rail Map………………………………………………… 28 Figure 2-8: Michigan Rail Map…………………………………………………………… 29 Figure 2-10: Area Public Transit Map……………………………………………………. 31 iv Figure 3-1: EMU Organizational Chart…………………………………………………… 39 Figure 3-2: Economic Impact of EMU……………………………………………………. 41 Figure 5-1: Presidential Disaster Declaration………….…………………………………. 54 Figure 5-2: Areal View of EM……………………………………………………………. 55 Figure 5-3: Michigan Average Annual Snowfall…………………………………………. 64 Figure 5-4: Tornado Activity in the United States………………………………………... 67 Figure 5-5: FEMA Wind Speed Map……………………………………………………... 70 Figure 5-6: Middle Huron Watershed Boundaries Map………………………………….. 72 Figure 5-7: City of Ypsilanti 100-yr Floodplain Map…………………………………….. 75 Figure 5-8: 1947 Earthquake Effect Map…………………………………………………. 79 Figure 5-9: Electric Utility Services Map………………………………………………… 95 Figure 5-10: YCUA Existing Water Supply System……………………………………… 96 Figure 5-11: YCUA Existing Wastewater System………………………………………... 98 Figure 5-12: Gas Utility Services Areas…………………………………………………... 99 Figure 5-13: City of Ypsilanti Map with Campus Information…………………………… 100 Figure 5-14: IED Attack Timeline………………………………………………………... 114 Figure 9-1: Outdoor Speaker Arrays Coverage Map 198 Figure 9-2: Washtenaw County Outdoor Warning Siren Coverage Map 199 Tables Table 2-1: Demographic data 15 Table 4-1: EMU Mitigation Timeline 48 Table 4-2: EMU Hazard Mitigation Advisory Committee Members 50 Table 5-1: Hazard Identification Comparison 53 Table 5-2: General Fund Building Inventory & Replacement Costs 56 Table 5-3: Auxiliary Fund Building Inventory & Replacement Costs 58 Table 5-4: Estimated Building Contents Value 60 Table 5-5: Additional Asset Value Information 62 Table 5-6: Frequency Distribution of Ice and Sleet Storms 65 Table 5-7: EF Scale 69 Table 5-8: Recent Historical Earthquake Data 80 Table 5-9: Probability of Earthquakes within the Next 50 Years 80 Table 5-10: Results of the Risk Assessment 88 Table 5-11: EMU Fire Safety Matrix 91 Table 5-12: Hazard Priority Ranking 120 Table 6-1: STAPLEE Mitigation Criteria 136 Table 6-2: Mitigation Actions 137 Table 6-3: Mitigation Action Worksheet 141 v This page is left intentionally blank vi Section 1: Introduction Background and Purpose Authority Disaster Resistant University Initiative Eastern Michigan University Scope of Plan Plan Overview Background & Purpose In the public sector, choices are made every day that affect the consequences, duration, and costs of responding to and recovering from adverse incidents. Mitigation requires systemically anticipating and adjusting to trends that could endanger the future of the campus community. Appropriate choices made beforehand can manage or reduce long-term risk and potentially reduce response requirements. Mitigation during the recovery phase helps strengthen and build a more resilient campus community to withstand future disasters. Hazard mitigation is defined by FEMA as “any sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to human life and property from a hazard event.” The results of a three-year, congressionally mandated independent study to assess future savings from mitigation activities provides evidence that mitigation activities are highly cost-effective. On average, each dollar spent on mitigation saves society an average of $4 in avoided future losses in addition to saving lives and preventing injuries (National Institute of Building Science Multi-Hazard Mitigation Council 2005). This plan documents Eastern Michigan University’s (the “University”) hazard mitigation planning process and identifies relevant hazards and vulnerabilities and strategies the University will use to decrease vulnerability and increase resiliency and sustainability of the Ypsilanti Campus. 1 Information in this plan will be used to help guide and coordinate mitigation activities and decisions for the University in the future. Proactive mitigation planning will help reduce the cost of disaster response and recovery to the campus community by protecting critical university facilities, reducing liability exposure, and minimizing overall campus impacts and disruptions. The University planning area has been affected by hazards in the past and it is thus committed to reducing future impacts from hazard events and becoming eligible for mitigation-related federal funding. The benefits of hazard mitigation include the reduction