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La Regina Bona Sforza Tra Puglia E Polonia

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ACCADEMIA POLACCA DELLE SCIENZE BIBLIOTECA E CEMTRO DI STUDI A ROMA CONFERENZE 95 LA REGINA BONA SFORZA TRA PUGLIA E POLONIA ATTI DEL CONVEGNO PROMOSSO DALL'ASSOCIAZIONE CULTURALE «REGINA BONA SFORZA ". SOTTO IL PATROCINIO DELLA REGIONE PUGLIA . DELLA PROVINCIA, DEL COMUNE E DELL'UNIVERSITÀ DI BARI Bari, Castello Svevo, 21 aprile 1980 OSSOLINEUM ACCADEMIA POLACCA DELLE SCIENZE BIBLIOTECA E CENTRO DO STUDI A ROMA Direttore : Tadeusz Rosi ano wski 2, Vicolo Doria (Palazzo Doria) 00187 Roma Tel. 697.21.70 CONSIGLIO Di REDAZIONE Aleksander Gicysztor presidente Witnld Hcnsil iVIieczyslaw Klimimicz Roman Kulikowski Lcszck Kuznicki Wladyslow Markiewicz Stanislao Mossakowski Maciej JSÌalfcz Witti Id iN awrocki Miroslaw Nnwaczyk Jcrzy Prochorow Tadeusz Rnslannwski Janusz Tazbir Wojciech Zielenkiewicz Krzvsztof Zaboklicki REDATTORE Bronislaw Biliiiski J. ACCADEMIA POLACCA DELLE SCIENZE BIBLIOTECA E CENTRO DI STUDI A ROMA CONFERENZE 95 LA REGINA BONA SFORZA TRA PUGLIA E POLONIA ATTI DEL CONVEGNO PROMOSSO DALL'ASSOCIAZIONE CULTURALE «REGINA BONA SFORZA" SOTTO IL PATROCINIO DELLA REGIONE PUGLIA DELLA PROVINCIA, DEL COMUNE E DELL'UNIVERSITÀ DI BARI Bari, Castello Svevo, 27 Aprile 1980 WROCLAW • WARSZAWA • KRAKÓW • GDANSK • LÓDt ZAKLAD NARODOWY IM1ENIA OSSOLINSK1CH WYDAWN1CTWO POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK 1987 Come presidente dell'Associazione culturale Bona «Regina Sforza" , sono lieta di il porgere più cordiale e rrala, saluto a tutti voi che c avete voluto onorare della vostra presenza : le autorità politiche, religiose, accademiche, gli studiosi, gli appassionati ed i semplici simpatizzanti dell 'amicizia Italia-Polonia. di Questa giornata studio, infatti, vuol essere un momento «forte" di antica amicizia questa che noi vogliamo rinnovare e rafforzare dopo tanti secoli, nel nome di Bona Sforza che fu insieme duchessa d Bari e regiona di Polonia. L 'Associazione che mi onoro presiedere ha voluto, tenacemente e anche tra le difficoltà e sacrifici, organizzare questo Con regno nella convinzione che ilpassato possa e debba unire il presente ; e la ricostruzione storica possa e debba rendere un servizio alla fratellanza fra i popoli. I Polacchi ed i Pugliesi sono molto lontani nello spazio, ma possono essere molto vicini nello spirito. Lasciate che ve lo dica una Polacca come me. che. nata a Cracovia, vive da 30 anni a Bari. Io ho fatto un cammino inverso di Bona Sforza venendo da Cracovia a Bari, mentre tei andò da Bari a Cracovia insieme e, alla sua meravigliosa persona e alla vostra splendida cultura, ci portò la civiltà del Rinascimento. / tesori del più grandi Rinascimento, che sono il nostro orgoglio nazionale, noi li dobbiamo a questa meravigliosa donna italiana venuta da Bari, che ha dato tanto alla mia patria polacca. Ho imparato ad amare l'Italia lì, a Cracovia, dove l'impronta dell'arte italiana è in ogni strada, su ogni palazzo, in ogni chiesa. Girando Cracovia si per può dimenticare di essere in Polonia e creder di essere in Italia. Cracovia è la Firenze della Polonia. E noi lo dobb iamo all'ingenio italiano e alla grandezza di Bona Sforza. Ricordarla oggi, nella maniera più nobile e severa (un incontro di ' é un riandare al studio) . po glorioso passato dei Baresi e a! profondo che li legame tenne uniti allora ai Polacchi e che oggi si vuole rinverdire. Anche perché un Polacco illustre è oggi in terra italiana, il più illustre degli polacchi in Italia, Karol ospiti Wojtyla , capo della Chiesa Cattolica Universale col nome di Giovanni Paolo II. Consentitemi allora, da una Polacca in Italia e da promotrice del 4 LA REGINA BONA SFORZA TRA PUGLIA E POLONIA comitato organizzatore, di inviare da questo Convegno un caloroso e deferente saluto, anche a nome di tutti i convegnisti, a S. S. Giovanni Paolo II, la cui preannunciata visita a Bari, in un prossimo futuro, potrà èssere un altro, più forte legame intrecciato tra Puglia e Polonia, in nome dell'amore e della fratellanza tra i popoli. Concludo questo breve indirizzo di saluto con un doveroso ringra­ ziamento agli Enti pubblici (Regione, Provincia, Comune e Università) che hanno voluto patrocinare e sostenere l'iniziativa e a quegli amici e collaboratori che volontariamente, con sacrifìcio personale e con ammire­ vole entusiasmo, hanno organizzato con me questo Convegno : VIT­ TORIO STAGNANI. ROSINA BASSO-LOBELLO, ROSALBA CA- VALLO-BISCARDI e BIANCA TRAGNI. Senza il loro dispendio di energie intellettuali, materiali w morali oggi non saremmo qui a parlare di Bona Sforza e a fare opera di pace. Perché, mentre sinistri clangori di guerra rimbombano per il mondo, fare cultura in nome dell'amicizia fra due popoli lontan i e diversi, studiandone le comuni antiche tradizioni, significa davvero essere per la concordia internazionale, fare seriamente opera di pace. Con questo auspic io dichiaro aperti i lavori del Convegno. JANINA LENCZO WSKA GIOVANNI PINTO Bona Sforza duchessa di Bari e regina di Polonia L'odierna giornata mi offre la felice occasione di far conoscere il contenuto di una lettera inedita, scritta da Cracovia, il 25 novembre 1546, dalla regina Bona Sforza ed inviata ai canonici della chiesa metropolitana di Bari, a testimonianza e conferma degli stretti legami intercorsi tra Bari e Cracovia, tra il ducato di Bari e il regno polacco : Venerab tfibus viris canonicis clero Ecclesiae « capitolo et metropolitanae Barensis devotissimis diìeciis. Venerabiles viri devoti nostri dilecti : Li due tappeti che per il magni­ fico Francisco Giacinto Calco nostro servitore vi havemo mandato per uso di questa vostra metropolitana chiesa, havendoli cosi caramente ricevuti si come perja vostra ai 22 settembre ne significate n'è stato grato intender­ lo, rendendovi pero gracie de le solenni processioni, et di note oracioni che fatte havete, et continovamente dicete fare, per la salute, sanità et prosperità nostra, et de li serenissimi re nostri consorte colendissimo, et figlio amatissimo Iddio nostro Signore si degna accettarle, et esaudire et vi ne rendi degna mercede. Il broccato ne ricercate per riparacione del vecchio pallio donatovi per la felice memoria della illustrissima nostra matre. havuta havemo certa risolutone dal magnifico nostro thesaurero di detto broccato vi faremo poi sopra ciò più particolar et chiara risposta. Di Cracovia il di 25 novembre del 1546. Bona regina di Polònia" Eppure dal 1517, anno in cui Bona Sforza aveva lasciato Bari, erano trascorsi circa trent'anni, dieci all'incirca dacché aveva assunto il titolo e il governo del ducato di Bari e sarebbero occorsi ancora circa otto dall'anno in cui l'avrebbe retto di persona, con il suo rientro a . Bari. 1 Inedita, rinvenuta nell'Archivio Capitolare di Bari alcuni anni fa, dove è tuttora conservata. 6 LA REGINA BONA SFORZA TRA PUGLIA E POLONIA E' bene tuttavia, prima di presentare la figura e ia personalità d Bona Sforza, in quanto duchessa di Bari e regina di Polonia, far conoscere come e quando i suoi antenati si ammantarono de titolo di signori di Bari. Sulle contrastanti notizie riferite da molti autori, dallo Zazzera al Beatillo, al Muratori, al Petroni, al Garrubba per restare tra i più noti, circa l'anno di concessione del ducato di Bari, Ludovico Pepe, dopo un diligente esame del materiale documentario e attenta critica degl autori testé menzionati, stabilisce con sufficiente autorevolezza che sin dal 9 settembre 1464, Ferdinando F d'Aragona o Ferrante, re di Napoli, grato dei benefici ricevuti dal duca di Milano, Francesco Sforza, donava al di lui figlio Sforza Maria Sforza, promesso sposo di Eleo­ nora, figlia del re Ferdinando, il ducato di Bari, che includeva le terre di Palo e Modugno, tenimenti devoluti l'anno prima, per la morte del principe di Taranto, alla regia corte di Napoli. Il 27 settembre dell'anno successivo 1465. re Ferdinando senti il òisogno di dare un nuovo attestato di gratidudine al duca di Milano Francesco Sforza e una nuova prova d'affetto al presunto genero Sforza Maria, promesso sposo di sua figlia Eleonora. Pertanto il dominio degli Sforza a Bari é da datarsi dalla prima concessione, come tra l'altro si rileva da un atto rogato in Bari nel 1475, come il decimo anno del primo governo sforzesco. Non pare che Sforza Maria Sforza abbia dimorato sia pure per breve tempo nel suo stato. Certamente fu a Napoli alla corte di Ferdinando mentre agli inizi del 1479 lo si trova alla di testa un esercito nel Nord, dove si era diretto per assumere la reggenza del ducato di Milano, in sostituzione del governatore Ciccio Simonetta, legatosi con Venezia e Firenze contro Napoli. Morì il improvvisamente 29 luglio dello stesso anno 1479, alla vigilia della di Tortona. presa Sforza Maria Sforza, primo duca di Bari, non ave­ va lasciato né figli né eredi. Dopo che il suo matrimonio con Eleo­ nora d'Aragona era stato dichiarato nullo, egli aveva preferito rimanere celibe. Fu allora che il fratello Ludovico il Moro, già duca di Milano, si fece investire del ducato di Bari il 14 agosto del 1479, affidando l'incarico di governatore alla sorella Ippolita, sposa dal settembre 1465 di Alfonso d'Aragona, figlia del re Ferdinando. Alcuni anni dopo, per contrasti sorti tra Milano e Napoli, il Morso sostituiva la sorella Ippolita con il suo luogotenente Giovanni Erminzani. Al Moro, secondo il Bea­ si tillo, rivolsero i baresi per ottenere sovvenzioni per la costruzione della chiesa di Santa Chiara con l'annesso monastero tuttora esistente. DUCHESSA DI BARI E REGINA DI POLONIA 7 Il 22 ottobre 1494 moriva nel castello di Pavia, a 22 anni, Gian Ga­ leazzo Sforza, forse, secondo il Pontano, avvelenato dallo stesso Lu­ dovico il Moro. La moglie Isabella d'Aragona con i tre figli, France­ sco, Bona e Ippolita, cerca scampo a Milano. Le vicende burrascose della storia le riserbavano ben altri destini. L'avvento di una nuova potenza straniera nel quadro storico dell'Italia doveva infierire un duro colpo alla tracotanza di Ludovico il Moro, il quale trattò segreti accordi con Carlo VIII° re di Francia e permise il passaggio delle sue truppe nel ducato di Milano pur di danneggiare la casa aragonese di Ma XII° succeduto VIIF Napoli.
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    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2011 Architectural Trees and Moorish Knots in Leonardo's Sala Delle Asse Thane Young Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY THE COLLEGE OF VISUAL ARTS, THEATRE AND DANCE ARCHITECTURAL TREES AND MOORISH KNOTS IN LEONARDO’S SALA DELLE ASSE By: Thane Young A Thesis submitted to the Department of Art History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2011 The members of the committee approve the thesis of Thane Young defended on April 4, 2011. __________________________________________________ Jack Freiberg Professor Directing Thesis __________________________________________________ Stephanie Leitch Committee Member __________________________________________________ Robert Neuman Committee Member Approved: _____________________________________________________ Dr. Adam Jolles, Chair, Department of Art History _____________________________________________________ Dr. Sally McRorie, College of Visual Arts, Theatre & Dance The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members. ii AKNOWEGEMENTS I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Jack Freiberg for his continuous support, encouragement, and guidance in writing this thesis. I am also indebted to my thesis committee: Professors Jack Freiberg, Stephanie Leitch, and Robert Neuman for their commentary, readings, and expertise. They have all dedicated so much time, and I wish to thank them sincerely. I also would like to extend my thanks to the Penelope Mason Travel Grant committee members who allotted travel funding for this thesis research. I also thank Dr. David Allan Brown, Curator of Italian Renaissance Painting at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in Washington D.C., for taking some time to offer advise and encouragement in conducting research on this topic.
  • La Bella Principessa – Arguments Against The

    La Bella Principessa – Arguments Against The

    Katarzyna Krzyżagórska­Pisarek La Bella Principessa. Arguments against the Attribution to Leonardo The sensational attribution of an anonymous profile drawing of a young girl, called La Bella Principessa, to Leonardo da Vinci, which was reported in the press worldwide, makes an inter- esting case of contemporary connoisseurship. The drawing was executed in the mixed media technique of pen and brown ink, black, red and white chalks (or trois crayons), and body­ colour, on vellum laid on oak panel, 33 × 23.9 cm [Fig. 1].1 Cutting­edge Lumiere Technology (multi­spectral digitaliza- tion), as well as forensic sciences (fingerprint analysis), ­X rays and Carbon­14 dating were among scientific methods of au- thentication used, in addition to the more traditional art his- torical approach led by Martin Kemp, Emeritus Professor of Art History at Oxford, and recognised expert on Leonardo’s scientific work. The attribution was also publicly articulated, which is admittedly rare, in the book by Martin Kemp and Pas- cal Cotte, founder of Lumiere Technology, The Story of the New Masterpiece by Leonardo da Vinci; La Bella Principessa (London, 2010), as well as in some scholarly articles2 and web material.3 Further information was also reported by the press in numerous interviews and commentaries worldwide. More recently the present owner of the drawing, Peter Silverman, a Canadian art collector based in Paris, published his own ac- count of the rediscovery and long process of authentication in Leonardo’s Lost Princess: One Man’s Quest to Authenticate an Unknown Portrait by Leonardo Da Vinci (New Jersey, 2012). Katarzyna Krzyżagórska-Pisarek Nevertheless, despite the extensive publicity surrounding it, of European Paintings at the Metropolitan Museum of Art; Car- the drawing is not unanimously accepted as by Leonardo.