Rail%Transit%Rail%Rotation%And% Fastening%System%Behavior

Rail%Transit%Rail%Rotation%and% Fastening%System%Behavior

FRA%and%FTA%Crosstie%and%Fastening%System%Research%Program% Industry%Partners%(IP)%Meeting Bonita%Springs,%FL 26%October%2016 Alvaro'E.'Canga'Ruiz,'Aaron'A.'Cook,'Matthew'V.'Csenge,' Marcus'S.'Dersch,'Yu'Qian,'and'J.'Riley'Edwards

Rail%Transit%Rail%Rotation%and%Fastening%System%Behavior Slide'2 Outline • Objective'and'Approach • Data'Collection'Overview • Rail'Displacement' Results: – Curve'Site – Tangent'Site • Conclusions • Future'work Rail%Transit%Rail%Rotation%and%Fastening%System%Behavior Slide'3 Objective%and%Approach

• Objective:% – Determine( rail(displacements( under(rail(transit(loading( conditions( using(field(data – Evaluate( performance( of(fastening(system • Approach: 1. Field' Data'Collection' ' 2. Processing' of'Collected' Data'''' 3. Analysis' of'Data' 4. Comparison' with'Analytical' and'FEM'Models 5. Evaluation' of'Behavior'

Rail%Transit%Rail%Rotation%and%Fastening%System%Behavior Slide'4

Generic%Field%Instrumentation%Map% • Metrics'to'quantify:• Metrics'to'quantify: – Crosstie'bending'strain (crosstie'moment'design) – Rail'displacementsRail%displacements (fastening'system'design) – Vertical'and'lateral'input'loads (crosstie'and'fastening'system' design,'and'load'environment' characterization) – Crosstie'temperature'gradient

Crosstie'Bending'Strain Vertical'and'Lateral'Load'(Wheel'Loads) Rail'Displacement'(Base'Vertical,'Base'Lateral) Rail'Displacement'(Base'Vertical) Rail%Transit%Rail%Rotation%and%Fastening%System%Behavior Slide'5 Data%Collection%Overview Rail'Restraint • Desired%data: – Vertical'and'lateral'rail'base'relative'displacements' with'respect'to'crosstie • Results: – Capture'displacement'of'rail'under'each'axle/wheel – Analyze'load'and'speed'effect'on'rail'displacement – Curve'sites'allow'more'meaningful'study – Compare'results'for'high'and'low'rail'based'on'train'speed'for curve'site' – Have'a'better'understanding'of'train' dynamics'in'curve

Rail%Transit%Rail%Rotation%and%Fastening%System%Behavior Slide'6 Instrumentation%Insight Portable'Displacement'Measurement'Device • Portable'Displacement'Measurement'Device'(PDMD) • Novotechnik TS^0025'potentiometers • 6'potentiometers'per'rail'on'rail'base:' horizontal,'vertical'field'and'vertical'gauge • Stroke'length:' 1.1811'± 0.000079'in'(30'± 0.002'mm) • Measured'data'on'site'needs'calibration • Manual'data'collection,'small'scope'of'work

Potentiometers Mounting' Bracket Rail%Transit%Rail%Rotation%and%Fastening%System%Behavior Slide'7 Partner%Agencies

Rail%Transit%Rail%Rotation%and%Fastening%System%Behavior Slide'8 Light%Rail%Curve%Data

Trains'in'Dataset:'36 From'18'November'2015' to'17'March'2016 (Curve%Site) Rail%Transit%Rail%Rotation%and%Fastening%System%Behavior Slide'9 Curve%Geometry St.'Louis'MetroLink Curve'Site • Pilot'site'on'St.'Louis'MetroLink • Characteristics: – Curve:'6°00’' (955'ft.'(291'm)'radius) – Superelevation: Superelevation 5.25'in.'(133'mm)' – Balance'speed:' 35.4'mph'(57'km/h) Gauge • Fastening system:'Pandrol Fastclip FE • Measured'speeds – From'15'mph'(25'km/h) to'46'mph'(74'km/h) • High'and'low'rail'instrumented

Rail%Transit%Rail%Rotation%and%Fastening%System%Behavior Slide'10 MetroLink%Light%Rail%Vehicles Siemens'SD^400'&'SD^460 • 2^vehicle'(12'axle)'trainsets • Traction'motor'and'gearbox'locations:

B A

• Normal'trainset'configuration: A B B A

1''''2 3''''4 5''''6 7''''8 9'''10 11''12 Direction'of'movement Rail%Transit%Rail%Rotation%and%Fastening%System%Behavior Slide'11 Results St.'Louis'MetroLink Curve'Site • The'following'results'were'obtained: – Horizontal'and'vertical'displacements'were' analyzed'for'high'and'low'rail'considering: • Displacement'due'to'wheel'loads • Uplift'of'rail'between'trucks – Rail'displacement'by'axle'for'12^axle'light'rail' rolling'stock – Effect'of'speed'in'rail'displacement'at'curve' location – Effect'of'different'static'loads'in'rail'displacement

Rail%Transit%Rail%Rotation%and%Fastening%System%Behavior Slide'12 Rail%Displacement St.'Louis'MetroLink Curve'Site Displacement' High'rail Displacement' (in) Low'rail (in) 0.015 0 ^0.015 ^0.015 0 0.015 1X 2X

0.381 0 ^0.381 ^0.381 0 0.381 (mm) (mm)

0.015 0.381 0.010 0.254 0.005 0.127

(in) 0.000 0.000 (mm) ^0.005 ^0.127 Displacement' Displacement' ^0.010 ^0.254

^0.015 2YF 2YG 1YG 1YF ^0.381 Rail%Transit%Rail%Rotation%and%Fastening%System%Behavior Slide'13 Rail%Displacements%by%Axle St.'Louis'MetroLink Curve'Site

Horizontal low rail displacement for 35 trains (+) 0.015 0.381 0.010 0.254 0.005 0.127 0.000 0.000 (in) ^0.005 ^0.127 (mm) Displacement' ^0.010 ^0.254 Displacement'

(^) ^0.015 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ^0.381 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Horizontal high rail displacement for 35 trains (+) 0.015 0.381 0.010 0.254 0.005 0.127 0.000 0.000 (in) ^0.005 ^0.127 (mm) Displacement' ^0.010 ^0.254 Displacement'

(^) ^0.015 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ^0.381 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Rail%Transit%Rail%Rotation%and%Fastening%System%Behavior Slide'14 Rail%Displacements%by%Axle St.'Louis'MetroLink Curve'Site

0.015 Vertical low rail field side displacement for 35 trains 0.381 0.010 0.254 0.005 0.127 0.000 0.000 (in) ^0.005 ^0.127 (mm) Displacement' ^0.010 ^0.254 Displacement' ^0.015 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ^0.381 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

0.015 Vertical high rail field side displacement for 35 trains 0.381 0.010 0.254 0.005 0.127 0.000 0.000 (in) ^0.005 ^0.127 (mm) Displacement' ^0.010 ^0.254 Displacement' ^0.015 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ^0.381 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Rail%Transit%Rail%Rotation%and%Fastening%System%Behavior Slide'15 Rail%Displacements%by%Axle St.'Louis'MetroLink Curve'Site

0.015 Vertical low rail gauge side displacement for 35 trains 0.381 0.010 0.254 0.005 0.127 0.000 0.000 (in) ^0.005 ^0.127 (mm) Displacement' ^0.010 ^0.254 Displacement' ^0.015 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ^0.381 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

0.015 Vertical high rail gauge side displacement for 35 trains 0.381 0.010 0.254 0.005 0.127 0.000 0.000 (in) ^0.005 ^0.127 (mm) Displacement' ^0.010 ^0.254 Displacement' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ^0.015 ^0.381 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Rail%Transit%Rail%Rotation%and%Fastening%System%Behavior Slide'16 Balance%Speed%Criteria St.'Louis'MetroLink Curve'Site Displacement Displacement (in) (mm)

Horizontal low rail displacement depending on speed 0.015 Vertical field low rail displacement depending on speed Vertical gauge low rail displacement depending on speed 0.381 0.010 0.254 0.005 0.127 0 0 ^0.005 ^0.127 ^0.010 ^0.254

^0.015 Below Above Below Above Below Above ^0.381 Below Above Below Above Below Above Displacement Displacement (in) (mm) 0.015 Vertical gauge high rail displacement depending on speed Vertical field high rail displacement depending on speed Vertical gauge high rail displacement depending on speed 0.381 0.010 0.254 0.005 0.127 0 0 ^0.005 ^0.127 ^0.010 ^0.254

^0.015 Below Above Below Above Below Above ^0.381 Below Above Below Above Below Above Rail%Transit%Rail%Rotation%and%Fastening%System%Behavior Slide'17 Wheel%Static%Load%Criteria St.'Louis'MetroLink Curve'Site Displacement Displacement (in) (mm)

Vertical gauge low rail displacement powered vs unpowered 0.015 Horizontal low rail displacement powered vs unpowered Vertical field low rail displacement powered vs unpowered 0.381 0.010 0.254 0.005 0.127 0 0 ^0.005 ^0.127 ^0.010 ^0.254

^0.015 Unpowered Powered Unpowered Powered Unpowered Powered ^0.381 Unpowered Powered Unpowered Powered Unpowered Powered Displacement Displacement (in) (mm) Horizontal high rail displacement powered vs unpowered Vertical field high rail displacement powered vs unpowered 0.015 Vertical gauge high rail displacement powered vs unpowered 0.381 0.010 0.254 0.005 0.127 0 0 ^0.005 ^0.127 ^0.010 ^0.254

^0.015 Unpowered Powered Unpowered Powered Unpowered Powered ^0.381 Unpowered Powered Unpowered Powered Unpowered Powered

Rail%Transit%Rail%Rotation%and%Fastening%System%Behavior Slide'18 Partner%Agencies Rail%Transit%Rail%Rotation%and%Fastening%System%Behavior Slide'19 Light%Rail%Tangent%Data

Trains'in'Dataset:'6 8'March'2016' (Tangent%Site)

Rail%Transit%Rail%Rotation%and%Fastening%System%Behavior Slide'20 Curve%Geometry St.'Louis'MetroLink Tangent'Site • Tangent'site • Fastening System:'Pandrol Fastclip FE • Measured'speeds – From'26'mph'(42'km/h)'to'52'mph'(84'km/h) • One'rail'instrumented • Smaller'dataset Rail%Transit%Rail%Rotation%and%Fastening%System%Behavior Slide'21 Rail%Displacement St.'Louis'MetroLink Tangent' Site Displacement'(in) 0.015 0 ^0.015

0.381 0 ^0.381 (mm)

0.015 0.381 0.010 0.254 0.005 0.127

(in) 0.000 0.000 (mm) ^0.005 ^0.127 Displacement' Displacement' ^0.010 ^0.254 ^0.015 ^0.381 (Field) (Gauge)

Rail%Transit%Rail%Rotation%and%Fastening%System%Behavior Slide'22 Results%Summary

Maximum Displacement' Curve Site (in*10^3) Light' Rail Heavy'Rail Commuter' Rail Freight Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Horizontal 11.3 ^3.0 ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ Low' Rail Vertical'Gauge 4.5 ^4.9 ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ Vertical'Field 4.2 ^11.1 ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ Horizontal 8.6 ^2.6 ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ High'Rail Vertical'Gauge 10.3 ^5.8 ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ Vertical'Field 3.2 ^10.0 ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^

Maximum Displacement' Tangent Site (in*10^3) Light' Rail Heavy'Rail Commuter' Rail Freight Max Min Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Horizontal 2.2 ^0.5 ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ Rail'A Vertical'Gauge 1.6 ^4.2 ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ Vertical'Field 1.6 ^3.7 ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ • Very'small'displacements'for'regular'train'passes'(track'equipment'not' accounted) • Other'rail'transit'systems'to'be'analyzed'to'fill'in'the'table Rail%Transit%Rail%Rotation%and%Fastening%System%Behavior Slide'23 Conclusions

• Horizontal'displacement'consistently'to'the'field'side,' generating'gauge'opening • For'curve'site: – Gauge'side'alternates'positive'and'negative'values – Leading'axles'caused'the'largest'displacements'in'the'system – Speed'of'the'train'might'affect'distribution'of'displacements' between'low'and'high'rail • For'tangent'site: – Rotation'of'rail'is'imperceptible' – Measured'displacements'were'smaller'than'for'curve'site – Small'dataset • Effect'of'static'load'on'displacement'could'not'be'proved

Rail%Transit%Rail%Rotation%and%Fastening%System%Behavior Slide'24 Future%Work

• Compare'obtained'results'with'working'range'of' fastening'system'(displacements'are'small)'to'assess' performance • Expand'understanding' of'speed'and'load'effect'on' displacements • Repeat'work'for'different'rail'transit'loading'conditions • Compare'with'analytical'models' (e.g.'infinite'beam'on'elastic'foundation),' FEM'models,'and'laboratory'experimentation Rail%Transit%Rail%Rotation%and%Fastening%System%Behavior Slide'25 Acknowledgements FTA Industry Partners:

• Funding% for%this%research% has% been% provided% by: – Federal% Transit% Administration% (FTA) – National University Rail Center (NURail Center) • Industry'partnership'and'support'has'been' provided'by: – American Public Transportation Association (APTA) – New'York'City'Transit'(NYCTA) – Metra'(Chicago,' Ill.) – MetroLink' (St.'Louis,'Mo.) – TriMet'(Portland,'Ore.) – Pandrol' USA – Progress'Rail'Services – LBFoster,'CXT'Concrete' Ties – GIC'Inc. – Hanson' Professional' Services,'Inc. – Amtrak • Special'thanks'to'Union' Pacific'for'giving'access'to'their' Geneva' Subdivision' site

Rail%Transit%Rail%Rotation%and%Fastening%System%Behavior Slide'26 Contact%Information

Alvaro% E.%Canga% Ruiz Graduate( Research( Assistant cangaru2@illinois.edu Aaron% A.%Cook Graduate( Research( Assistant [email protected] Matthew% V.%Csenge Manager( of(Experimentation [email protected] Marcus% S.%Dersch Senior( Research( Engineer [email protected] Yu%Qian Research( Engineer [email protected] J.%Riley% Edwards Senior( Lecturer(and( Research( Scientist [email protected]