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Changing the Car Lifestyle Dead Trees Give Off Methane CONNECTICUT Woodlands MAGAZINE CHANGING THE CAR LIFESTYLE DEAD TREES GIVE OFF METHANE. MANAGING FORESTS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE. The Magazine of the Connecticut Forest & Park Association SUMMER 2017 Volume 82 No. 2 The ConnectiCuT ForesT & Park assoCiaTion, inC. OFFICERS PRESIDENT, ERIC LUKINGBEAL, Granby VICE-PRESIDENT, STARR SAYRES, East Haddam TREASURER, JAMES W. DOMBRAUSKAS, New Hartford SECRETARY, ERIC HAMMERLING, West Hartford FORESTER, THOMAS J. DEGNAN, East Haddam DIRECTORS PAUL BALAVENDER, Canton STARLING W. CHILDS, Norfolk KRISTEN CONNELL, Killingworth R. RICHARD CROCE, Killingworth RUTH CUTLER, Ashford CAROLINE DRISCOLL, New London FRED JOHNSON, Coventry PETER KNIGHT, Bloomfield MICHAEL LECOURS, Farmington SCOTT LIVINGSTON, Bolton PAUL EDWARDS JEFF LOUREIRO, Canton ANTONIO MAZZARA, Stamford Diane Friend Edwards stops at the overlook on the Henry Buck Trail. See page 22. JEFFREY O’DONNELL, Bristol DAVID PLATT, Chester RAYMOND RADIKAS, Glastonbury HONORARY DIRECTORS Connecting People to the Land Annual Membership GORDON L. ANDERSON, St. Johns, FL Our mission: The Connecticut Forest & Park Individual $ 35 HARROL W. BAKER, JR., Bolton Association protects forests, parks, walking GEORGE M. CAMP, Middletown Family $ 50 ANN CUDDY, Ashland, OR trails and open spaces for future generations by SAMUEL G. DODD, North Andover, MA connecting people to the land. CFPA directly Supporting $ 100 ASTRID T. HANZALEK, Suffield involves individuals and families, educators, Benefactor $ 250 JOHN HIBBARD, Hebron community leaders and volunteers to enhance JOSEPH HICKEY, Wethersfield Patron $ 500 JEAN CRUM JONES, Shelton and defend Connecticut’s rich natural heritage. EDWARD A. RICHARDSON, Glastonbury CFPA is a private, non-profit organization that Guardian $ 1000 L.P. SPERRY, JR., Middlebury relies on members and supporters to carry out SALLY L. TAYLOR, Mystic its mission. SIDNEY VAN ZANDT, Noank Life Membership $ 2500 Our vision: We envision Connecticut as a STAFF place of scenic beauty whose cities, suburbs, PROGRAM DIRECTOR, GOODWIN FOREST CENTER, and villages are linked by a network of parks, BETH BERNARD, Woodstock Corporate Membership forests, and trails easily accessible for all people TRAILS STEWARDSHIP DIRECTOR, CLARE CAIN, Old Lyme to challenge the body and refresh the spirit. We Club / Non-profit $ 75 FIELD COORDINATOR,TRAILS PROGRAM, picture a state where clean water, timber, farm COLIN CARROLL, New Haven Sustaining $ 100 MANAGER OF EVENTS AND VOLUNTEER ENGAGEMENT, fresh foods, and other products of the land make ELIZABETH FOSSETT, Meriden a significant contribution to our economic and Landmark $ 250 MEMBERSHIP & MARKETING DIRECTOR, cultural well-being. MARTY GOSSELIN, Durham Stewardship $ 500 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, ERIC HAMMERLING, West Hartford Leadership $ 1000 EDUCATION DIRECTOR, EMMA KRAVET, New Haven Connecticut Woodlands DEVELOPMENT DIRECTOR, JAMES W. LITTLE, Hebron DEVELOPMENT COORDINATOR, KARA MURPHY, Guilford Published quarterly by the LAND CONSERVATION DIRECTOR, Connecticut Forest & Park Association, LINDSAY SUHR, North Haven 16 Meriden Road, OFFICE MANAGER, TERESA PETERS, Durham Rockfall, CT 06481-2961 EDITOR, CHRISTINE WOODSIDE Indexed in the Connecticut Periodical Index, BOOK REVIEW EDITOR, DAVID K. LEFF COPYEDITOR, ROBIN GOLD ISSN 00106257 GRAPHIC DESIGNER, KAREN WARD Telephone: 860-346-TREE Fax: 860-347-7463. Printed on FSC Certified Paper E-mail address: [email protected] from responsible sources Web site: ctwoodlands.org 2 | CONNECTICUT WOODLANDS | SUMMER 2017 CONNECTICUT Woodlands The Magazine of the Connecticut Forest & Park Association SUMMER 2017 Volume 82 No. 2 CONTENTS FEATURES DEPARTMENTS CAN CONNECTICUT REDUCE 4 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE. GREENHOUSE GASES? Bringing back the American chestnut. By Eric Lukingbeal. 6 CHANGING THE CAR LIFESTYLE. Meet an electric-car owner and 5 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR’S MESSAGE. bicycle commuters who are The importance of silence. leading the way. By Eric Hammerling. By Christine Woodside. 12 NEW ENGLAND TRAIL 8 “CLIMATE CHANGE IS REAL.” POET-IN-RESIDENCE PROJECT. Wesleyan professor who serves David K. Leff continues his project on international climate panel highlighting nature poetry by other says we must face our moral Connecticut poets. This issue: poems imperative to address its greatly by John Stanizzi. evident impacts. By Gary Yohe. 13-16 CFPA IN THE COMMUNITY. P “The Harvest of a Coming Age”: 9 DEAD WOOD GIVES OFF Remembering James L. Goodwin and his On the Cover: SIGNIFICANT METHANE, preserved land in Chaplin and Hampton. By Jean Wierzbinski. Early-morning selfie of a A POWERFUL GREENHOUSE GAS. bicycle commuter’s shadow. Scientists are trying to figure out this under-studied source. 17 ALMANAC. See page 6. Summer’s sculptors and sippers. By Christine Woodside. PHOTO BY SCOTT LIVINGSTON By Katherine Hauswirth. 10 IS GOOD FOREST MANAGEMENT THE ANSWER TO CLIMATE CHANGE? 18 ON THE TRAILS. Probably not all by itself, but it “Where shall we walk today?” A brief reduces carbon buildup in the at- history of the Connecticut Walk Book. mosphere, recent research finds. By Christine Woodside. By Thomas J. Degnan. 20 FROM THE LAND. Thinking about nut trees. By Jean Crum Jones. 21 OBITUARIES Richard A. Bauerfeld and Ned Zaglio. 22 TRY THIS HIKE. Henry Buck Trail: A rugged, but short and very pretty, hike in American Legion State Forest. By Diane Friend Edwards. 23 BOOK REVIEWS. Traprock, tree communication, and classics. 25 FORESTER’S NOTES. Be a good witness. By Jerry Milne. 26 ENVIRONMENTAL UPDATE. Why honeybees are suffering and what beekeepers are doing about it. By Bud Gavitt. SUMMER 2017 | CONNECTICUT WOODLANDS | 3 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE Bringing back the American chestnut BY ERIC LUKINGBEAL better news. Scientists at the State Univer- sity of New York’s College of Environmen- or several centuries tal Science and Forestry (ESF) in Syracuse, before 1895,when Drs. William Powell and Charles Maynard, the Connecticut have engineered a chestnut with full blight FForest & Park Asso- resistance. How was it done? ciation was founded, According to SUNY’s ESF (see http:// the biggest, most dom- inside.esf.edu/category/esf-science-mat- inant, and most useful ters/) a single gene from wheat was added to trees in Connecticut the 38,000 genes of the American chestnut. were American chest- Want one? I do, but we will all have to nuts (Castanea dentata). wait. The scientists are seeking regulatory They grew to 100 feet and had trunk diam- approval from the federal authorities before eters of up to 14 feet. Chestnut wood was distributing the trees to the public. Several used for houses and barns (like mine, built CFPA agencies must review to ensure that the tree American Chestnut. before the Civil War). The wood was strong, will not harm the environment or human or light, resisted rot, and did not warp or check. animal health. ESF estimates this approval As most of us know, the chestnut blight of Chestnut Studies Began in 1930 process will take two to four years. If the the early 20th century devastated the chest- The country’s oldest ongoing chest- tree is approved, it will mark the first time nut population in the Northeast. An air- nut breeding effort is based in Connecti- that a plant functionally extinct is reintro- borne fungal infection killed about 4 billion cut. Beginning about 1930, woodlot own- duced to the wild. trees. The disease was introduced in 1904 ers and nut growers encouraged the Con- Right now, there are 100 of these trans- by accident, on nursery stock imported from necticut Agricultural Experiment Station in genic (some would say genetically modi- Japan. It was first found and identified at New Haven to work on breeding resistant fied) trees being grown in a two-acre plot the Bronx Zoo in 1905. As an exotic inva- trees for both nut and timber production. in upstate New York. When they are able sive, it had no natural enemies and quickly In the 1970s, a hypovirulent strain of the to produce pollen, that pollen will be used spread. By about 1940, the great majority blight fungus was discovered in Italy, and to fertilize flowers from trees in the wild. of American chestnuts were gone. imported to CAES, which in its research Because the wild surviving “mother trees” A few isolated trees survived in small has shown that some trees can survive con- are crossed with the transgenic blight-resis- groves in California, Michigan, Wisconsin, tact with the hypovirulent strain. Dr. Sandra tant trees, half of the offspring will be fully and Georgia, but these were exception- Anagnostakis ran the CAES breeding pro- blight-resistant. Though it will take more ally lucky. gram from 1973 until her recent retirement. time to do the crossing with wild trees, more genetic diversity will result, and the species The American chestnut root system, how- Some of the Connecticut work was done in should be hardier. Several transgenic trees ever, was quite large and robust. These old an orchard in Griswold, where she supervised have been planted in the New York Botani- stumps still send up shoots a century later. the planting of 800 trees. Of those trees, Dr. cal Garden for the public to observe. Some reach heights of 20 to 25 feet, and Anagnostakis said, perhaps 40 will be saved The ESF scientists have even devised a even produce seeds. This April, when hiking for further crossing with each other, with a field test that can identify the nuts with the with several friends on Granby Land Trust goal of producing seeds that might produce blight-resistant gene. The test takes only property, we spied a small clump of American timber or nut trees. four hours. The long-term goal is to secure chestnuts, a few spiny nut cases still hanging The seeds to these trees are available to the funding for “century study.” This would from a branch. One tree, about 3 inches in public because, as Dr. Anagnostakis points result in two 120-acre sites to run compari- diameter, did not look very healthy. Its bark out, the public paid for them to be devel- son studies of wild, transgenic, backcrossed, was a dark orange in places, and gooey “sap” oped.
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