Canterbury Underwater Club Inc. Newsletter
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July 2018 Canterbury Underwater Club Inc. Newsletter Canterbury Underwater Club PO Box 2287 Christchurch 8140 www.canterburyunderwater.org.nz Club Meeting Information June Meeting Summary The minutes from the June meeting can be found at the end of this newsletter. Next Meeting – Burnside Bowling Club, Tuesday 10th July Next club meeting will take place on Tuesday the 10th of July at Burnside Bowling Club - 330 Avonhead Road - by Burnside Park. Please arrive at 7:30pm, the meeting will start at 8pm. Trips and Events Please make sure you check the website for trips and events! General Information Dive Insurance The Divers Alert Network (DAN) is your scuba diving safety association. DAN provides protection for scuba divers with Worldwide Emergency Evacuation Coverage (with your DAN Membership) and optional Dive Injury Insurance Plans, for chamber and hospital costs following a covered diving accident. Joining DAN (Membership and Dive Injury Insurance) gives you peace of mind. It allows you to enjoy your scuba diving knowing you will be looked after in the event of a diving incident, wherever you are in the world, 24-hours a day, 7 days a week. Why DAN? With 30+ years’ experience helping sick and injured scuba divers worldwide, DAN are the experts in diving accident management. Visit http://www.danap.org/ for more information. NZ Recreational Fishing Council Thank you to all the clubs and individual members for your continued support – we look forward to working on your behalf to address the management of our shared fisheries. We welcome your membership applications for 2018. Memberships now open click this link to join. Visit our updated website www.recfish.co.nz for more updates and news. We also now have a Facebook page to encourage dialogue with members throughout the country. Margaret Wind, Executive Officer You can join the NZRFC mailing list using this sign up form. Recipe Fish with pangrattato and creamy mushrooms Ingredients Pangrattato ½ loaf Bread, Country style, crusts removed ½ Lemon, finely grated zest 2 cloves Garlic, finely chopped 2 Tbsp Olive oil 1 Tbsp Thyme leaves, freshly chopped Creamy mushrooms 25g Butter 1 Tbsp Olive oil 500g Mushrooms, wiped clean with damp kitchen paper 150ml Cream 1 Tbsp Chopped parsley Fish 25g Butter 4 fillets White fish, boned Method To make the pangrattato, heat the oven to 180C. Break up the bread and place in a food processor. Process until you have medium fine breadcrumbs, then transfer to a shallow baking dish. Add the lemon zest, garlic and oil and toss well to combine. Bake until golden, about 15 minutes. Remove from the oven and toss through the thyme leaves. To make the creamy mushrooms, heat a heavy-based saucepan or frying pan over a medium heat. Add the butter and oil and when the butter is sizzling, the mushrooms. Cook for about 5 minutes until the mushrooms are golden. Increase the heat, add the cream and season with salt and freshly ground black pepper. Cook until syrupy and then add the chopped parsley. For the fish, heat a large frying pan over a medium heat. Add the butter and when it is sizzling, place in the fish fillets. Cook fish for about 4-6 minutes, turning once. (Cooking time will depend on the thickness of your fish fillets.) Divide the creamy mushrooms between 4 warmed plates. Place a fillet of fish on each plate and sprinkle over the pangrattato. Serve with a side of steamed greens. Dive Equipment Information How a Scuba Diving Regulator's Second Stage Works By Floyd Devine, Sport Diver Magazine Second Stage of a Scuba Diving Regulator Have you ever wondered how regulators make it possible for scuba divers to breathe pressurized air underwater? Well, here's an illustrated explanation on half the equation: how a scuba diving regulator's second stage works. We’ve come a long way since the early 1940s when Jacques Cousteau and Emile Gagnan co-invented the Aqua-Lung, an underwater regulator modified from Gagnan’s demand regulator that fed cooking gas to a car’s carburetor in the exact amount needed. Remarkably, today’s regulators rely on the same design principles used by Cousteau and Gagnan. You cannot breathe directly out of your tank because the high pressure would damage your lungs. Just like the Aqua-Lung, today’s second stages take pressurized air from the first stage and provide it to a diver at ambient pressure, allowing him or her to breathe normally underwater. Through the use of precision manufacturing, high tech materials and intensive testing, modern regulator design is efficient and reliable, and with proper maintenance and care, modern second stages will provide years of dependable operation. 1. The Parts Mouthpiece, housing, cover incorporating a purge valve, flexible silicone diaphragm to separate the external water from the housing, demand valve assembly, demand lever and exhaust valve. 2. How It Works Air from the first stage enters the second stage housing through an inlet fitting. At the inlet, an orifice with a circular “knife edge” provides a sealing surface for the main valve assembly. This assembly consists of a poppet with a hard-rubber seat at one end, a bias spring and the valve body. The bias spring applies pressure on the poppet, pressing the seat against the edge of the orifice and creating an airtight seal. The demand lever is attached to the valve body and compresses the bias spring to pull the poppet away from the orifice, allowing air to flow into the valve. As you inhale, pressure in the second stage is reduced and the diaphragm is pushed inward by the surrounding water pressure. The diaphragm then pushes on the demand lever, opening the valve. With the valve open, air then enters the second stage through an opening in the valve housing until it equalizes with the surrounding water pressure, making it possible for a diver to breathe air at ambient pressure. When the diver stops inhaling, pressure inside the second stage increases, causing the diaphragm to relax and release the demand lever, closing the valve. As the diver exhales, air is expelled through the exhaust valves. The design of the second stage keeps ambient pressure in the housing at the same pressure as the surrounding water, ensuring that the reg enables consistent breathing effort regardless of conditions and depth. 3. Additional Features Many regs have cracking pressure adjustment knobs, Venturi adjustment controls, and a balancing chamber in the demand valve. In a balanced second stage, a balancing chamber is added to the end of a modified poppet with a drilled-out center chamber and a hollowed-out seat. When a balanced second stage valve is closed, air travels through the opening in the seat and poppet into the balance chamber, pushing the poppet back against the orifice. This means a lighter bias spring can be used and less effort is required to open the valve. A cracking pressure adjustment manually changes the tension on the bias spring to increase or decrease the amount of effort required to open the valve, and the Venturi adjustment moves a rotating vane to direct air flow toward or away from the diver’s mouth. Both features potentially reduce breathing effort and aid in managing freeflows. Safety Section How to avoid the most common ear-related dive injuries By Divers Alert Network (DAN) Part of what makes diving so compelling is that it’s not always easy. In general we all agree that the benefits far outweigh the risks, but it’s important to recognize that some injuries do occur more often than we’d like. Ear injuries are chief among these; in fact, they represent the single most common type of injury that divers face. The good news is that while common, ear injuries are rarely serious, and they’re easy to prevent. Learn to recognize the most common ear injuries and how to prevent them before they happen to you. Barotrauma Barotraumas are injuries caused by pressure differentials. In diving, the most notable pressure differentials are between the surrounding water and the air in divers’ middle ears (the spaces just inside the eardrums). Failing to equalize properly, diving with congestion and ascending or descending too rapidly can lead to compression or expansion of the air in the middle ears. The difference in pressure between this air and the water in the ear canal (on the outside of the eardrum) can push the eardrum beyond its safe limits — even to its breaking point. Common symptoms of barotrauma include a sensation of fluid or pressure in the ear, diminished hearing and pain. Most cases of barotrauma resolve with little or no intervention in a matter of days or weeks, but in extreme situations, such as when a diver experiencing equalization difficulty continues to descend without equalizing, the eardrum can rupture, which can allow incursion of water into the middle ear. This can lead to vertigo, significant pain and a high risk of infection. After experiencing a barotrauma, avoid diving until you have recovered completely. If the symptoms don’t subside in a few days, or you experience serious pain or protracted hearing loss, have a physician examine your ears for a perforated eardrum or other serious condition. Ear barotrauma can be avoided by never diving while congested, equalizing early and often, and aborting a dive if equalization is impossible. Swimmer’s Ear Otitis externa, or swimmer’s ear, is an infection of the ear canal that’s fairly common in swimmers and divers. It can cause inflammation and partial closure of the ear canal, and touching the outer ear may cause pain. The adage about an ounce of prevention rings true with this condition: Your ears retain moisture from submersion, and that moisture encourages bacteria growth that can lead to infection.