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Spring 2016: Exposing a Climate Threat

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Spring 2016: Exposing a Climate Threat Solutions Vol. 47, No. 2 / Spring 2016 30.2 1 Exposing a Climate Threat In California, EDF’s infrared images revealed the biggest known methane leak in U.S. history. How do we stop the next one? Page 8 2 14.5 ω Dist = 1.0 Trefl = 20.0 = 0.95 6 Putting the 13 Bringing 16 Artists 18 Today’s Mississippi back the emerge as special: guilt- to work monarchs climate warriors free seafood Ancient mariners Sea turtles can live more than 50 years and migrate thousands of miles. To protect endangered species such as this hawksbill, EDF helped lay the groundwork for the first formal environmental agreement between the United States and Cuba in almost 60 years. Under the pact, officials from marine parks in both countries will join forces to develop science, educational and management programs to conserve their shared biological resources. PHOTO: SHUTTERSTOCK LOOKING FORWARD EDF, then and now When he’s asked how Environmental Defense Fund got its start, EDF co-founder Art Cooley likes to quote Alexis de Tocqueville: “As soon as several Americans have conceived a senti- ment or an idea that they want to produce be- Environmental Defense Fund’s mission fore the world, they seek each other out... is to preserve the natural systems thenceforth they are no longer isolated indi- on which all life depends. Guided viduals, but a power conspicuous from the by science and economics, we find practical and lasting solutions to the distance whose actions serve as an example.” most serious environmental problems. It was 50 years ago that Art, then a high school biology teacher, sat Our work is made possible by the support of our members. down with some fellow scientists and an attorney in his living room on Long Island to talk about bringing into court the evidence against Solutions On the cover: DDT, the pesticide Rachel Carson had warned about in her 1962 Vol. 47, No. 2 / Spring 2016 30.2 When an old natural 1 book Silent Spring. Exposing a gas well above Climate Threat In California, EDF’s infrared images revealed the biggest known methane California’s San Fer- leak in U.S. history. How do we stop the next one? Page 8 That meeting, and the legal actions that it sparked, led to the forma- 2 nando Valley began tion of EDF in 1967 and the banning of DDT in 1972, which saved the 14.5 spewing methane ω Dist = 1.0 Trefl = 20.0 = 0.95 6 Putting the 13 Bringing 16 Artists 18 Today’s and toxic gases, bald eagle and other great American birds of prey. It also began the Mississippi back the emerge as special: guilt- to work monarchs climate warriors free seafood partnership of science and law that helped pave the way for the mod- no one knew how ern environmental movement. bad the leak was. EDF’s Tim O’Connor helped expose the magnitude of the It all began in a living room. disaster. He shot the infrared cover image of the otherwise invisible plume. The environmental issues we face today may seem more daunting Senior writer Leslie Valentine followed the unfolding story and what it meant for ‘‘than EDF’s first case against a single chemical. But ’’then, as now, nearby residents (see page 8). everything is connected. In October, the nation’s worst known natu- ral gas leak erupted in Aliso Canyon, CA—and remained unplugged Cover photo: Timothy O’Connor for four months—spewing methane and toxic gases into the air. It was not only a health crisis for the residents of Porter Ranch, but an extreme example of the methane leaks that are endemic to oil and Solutions gas operations around the globe. Methane accounts for about one- quarter of the global warming we are now experiencing (see story, p. 8). Editor Peter Klebnikov Art Director Janice Caswell I’m proud of EDF’s leadership in exposing and investigating the per- Environmental Defense Fund 257 Park Ave. South fectly avoidable problem of methane leakage, and in fighting to New York, NY 10010 change industry practices and get strong regulations in place. Main number 212-505-2100 Research shows that nearly half of methane leaks globally could be Membership questions 800-684-3322 repaired at a cost of about one-half of 1% of the price of natural gas. or [email protected] The benefit to the climate over 20 years would be equivalent to shut- ting down one-third of all coal-fired power plants. WE WANT TO HEAR FROM YOU Send feedback to address above or email [email protected] In March, our efforts paid off. In an announcement with huge poten- tial for the climate, Canada matched an earlier U.S. pledge to reduce CONNECT WITH US ONLINE methane emissions by 40–45% from 2012 levels by 2025. And both edf.org countries agreed for the first time to cut methane pollution from oil facebook.com/EnvDefenseFund and gas facilities—which produce the vast majority of emissions. twitter.com/envdefensefund Key to our climate efforts, and many other initiatives, are EDF econo- linkedin.com/company/ mists. They have found that if you make environmental protection environmental-defense pay, people will invent all kinds of ways to make it happen. We’ll be celebrating the role of economics in environmental protection in a ©2016 Environmental Defense Fund. new regular feature in Solutions, honoring the legacy of longtime Published quarterly in New York, NY EDF supporter and trustee Robert W. Wilson (see p. 13). ASSN 0163-2566 New York / Austin / Bentonville, AR / Boston / Boulder / Raleigh / Sacramento / San Francisco / Washington, DC / Beijing, China / La Paz, Mexico / London EDF President Solutions / edf.org / Spring 2016 3 FIELD NOTES GETTY The existing coal leasing program amounted to an unfair federal subsidy for‘‘ coal. —EDF President Fred Krupp, commenting on the decision ’’ by the U.S. to block coal leasing on public land. Penguins diving for krill, a staple of their diet. Krill, the canary of the sea 4 in 10 Americans face The small, shrimp-like crus- crustaceans such as krill to seere water scarcity at least taceans called krill sustain build shells and exoskeletons. much of the marine life in the If oceans continue to acid- one month each year Southern Ocean. They form ify, new research predicts (Water use is double the amount replenished by rain oer the year. schools that are miles long there could be a 20% to 70% SOURCE: SCIENCE ADVANCES 12 FEB 2016 and serve as the primary food reduction in Antarctic krill by source for whales, penguins, 2100. That would be a tragedy. sea birds and fish. “All of us—fishermen, fish- WIKIPEDIA But there’s a problem: ery managers, NGOs and con- krill are at risk from global cerned citizens—need to warming. push for reductions in the Higher levels of carbon di- carbon emissions that are oxide in the water mean causing acidification,” says greater levels of ocean acidifi- Dr. Rod Fujita, EDF’s director cation, which interrupts the of oceans research and devel- physiology of krill. It stops the opment. “We also need to ad- eggs from hatching and the just harvests to account for larvae from developing. these changes so that krill and As the ocean takes up the magnificent marine spe- more carbon dioxide, it be- cies that depend on them can comes difficult for stay healthy.” Shuttered: three units at the Allen coal plant in North Carolina. EDF court win closes plants EDF—one of the nation’s best EDF and three other environ- more than a million tons of mental groups have settled a carbon dioxide. The lawsuit EDF was rated one of the lawsuit against Duke Energy was initially filed by EPA, but most effective environmental after the company rebuilt a it was EDF who took the case groups in an annual ranking dozen coal-fired power plants to the Supreme Court and of best and worst charities. without the required pollu- won a unanimous decision, See how we did in tion controls. The settlement paving the way for the histor- Consumer Reports! requires Duke Energy, the na- ic settlement. tion’s second biggest utility, to “Millions of people in Thank you members for your close three polluting coal North Carolina will be better support! units near Charlotte, NC, that off when these dirty coal in 2014 emitted thousands of plants are shuttered,” said ››› READ THE REPORT ››› tons of sulfur and nitrogen Michael Regan, associate vice bit.ly/1UJzhEC pollutants into the air, and president at EDF. 4 Solutions / edf.org / Spring 2016 FIELD NOTES U.S. bans FOR THE RECORD BOOKS IN THE COURTS SOURCES: NASA, U.S. FOREST SERVICE PHOTOS: CORBIS SOURCES: NASA, U.S. microbeads, 2015 2015 was the hottest year on In a win for public health, the U.S. Supreme aiding oceans record globally, breaking the mark set in FREE IMAGES 2014. Without global warming, the chances of Court upheld a federal rule back-to-back hottest years are one in 1,500. allowing customers to get paid for using less power at times of peak demand. On hot days when demand skyrockets, utilities fire up polluting “peaker” plants. With “de- 1890 1920 1950 1980 2010 mand response,” customers are paid for using less power at times of peak demand, Sailing through Congress with reducing the need for peaker rare bipartisan support last plants. Power companies year was a bill to ban micro- originally challenged the beads nationwide by 2017. policy, and EDF defended it as President Obama signed the The 2015 U.S.
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