DOCSLIB.ORG

Current Sensitivity Status of Anopheles Gambiae (S.L.) (Culicidae) to DDT and Pyrethroids in Two Agricultural Sites of Mouila, G

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Current Sensitivity Status of Anopheles Gambiae (S.L.) (Culicidae) to DDT and Pyrethroids in Two Agricultural Sites of Mouila, G International Journal of Mosquito Research 2019; 6(1): 12-18 ISSN: 2348-5906 CODEN: IJMRK2 IJMR 2019; 6(1): 12-18 Current sensitivity status of Anopheles gambiae © 2019 IJMR Received: 05-11-2018 (s.l.) (Culicidae) to DDT and pyrethroids in two Accepted: 10-12-2018 agricultural sites of Mouila, Gabon Aubin Armel Koumba A. Research Institute in Tropical Ecology (IRET), P.O. Box: 13354, Libreville, Gabon Aubin Armel Koumba, Christophe Roland Zinga-Koumba, Rodrigue B. University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Mintsa Nguema, Pearl Comlan, Ghislaine Nkone Asseko, Abdou Razack 05 P.O. Box: 1604, Cotonou, Benin C. Regional Institute of Public Health Safiou, Marie-Pascale Gneingui, Guillaume Koffivi Ketoh, Luc Salako (IRSP), P.O. Box: 918, Ouidah, Benin Djogbenou and Jacques François Mavoungou Christophe Roland Zinga-Koumba Research Institute in Tropical Ecology (IRET), P.O. Box: 13354, Libreville, Abstract Gabon The present study was conducted during the rainy season of 2017 in Mboukou and Moutassou, two palm Rodrigue Mintsa Nguema oil concessions located in the suburbs of Mouila city. It aimed at determining the susceptibility status of Research Institute in Tropical Ecology Anopheles gambiae s.l. to organochlorines and pyrethroids. The larvae and pupae of An. gambiae s.l. (IRET), P.O. Box: 13354, Libreville, were collected from different breeding sites by the dipping method and reared to the adult stage in the Gabon field laboratory. The adult females were exposed to various insecticides: Organochlorine (DDT 4%) and Pearl Comlan Pyrethroids (Permethrin 0.75%, 3.75% and 7.75%; Deltamethrin 0.05%, 0.25% and 0.50%; University of Health Sciences of Lambdacyhalothrin 0.05%, 0.25% and 0.50%). The sensitivity of An. gambiae s.l. populations to Libreville (USS), P.O. Box: 4009, Libreville, Gabon insecticides was assessed following WHO protocol. All tested mosquitoes were identified by PCR method. An. gambiae s.s. and An. coluzzii were the only anopheline species identified in all the Ghislaine Nkone Asseko prospected sites. The results of the susceptibility tests revealed that the malaria vectors of the surveyed World Health Organization Country Office Gabon, P.O. Box: 820, Libreville, sites were susceptible or resistant to the tested insecticides depending on the type and the dose of Gabon insecticide. These Anopheles were resistant to DDT 4% and low doses of pyrethroids (Permethrin 0.75%, Deltamethrin 0.05%, Lambdacyhalothrin 0.05%). But they were sensitive to all pyrethroids at high doses Abdou Razack Safiou National Malaria Control Program (98 to 100% mortality). (PNLP), P.O. Box : 14426, Libreville, Gabon Keywords: sensitivity, Anopheles gambiae s.l., DDT, pyrethroids, mouila, gabon Marie-Pascale Gneingui National Malaria Control Program 1. Introduction (PNLP), P.O. Box : 14426, Libreville, Gabon For several decades, humanity has faced several dangerous diseases and one of them is malaria. Malaria is a parasitic disease caused by a protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Guillaume Koffivi Ketoh [1] Unit of Research in Ecotoxicology, Plasmodium and transmitted to humans via a bite of infected female anopheline mosquitoes . University of Lomé, P.O. Box: 1515, It occupies a significant position in terms of endemic diseases [2, 3] and remains the major cause Lomé 01, Togo [4] of morbidity and mortality in the world, particularly in Africa . In 2016, we estimated about Luc Salako Djogbenou 216 million, the number of people living with the disease worldwide, of which 90% of malaria A. University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), [5] 05 P.O. Box: 1604, Cotonou, Benin cases and 92% of malaria deaths occurred in sub-Saharan Africa . Globally, this parasitosis B. Regional Institute of Public Health caused about 445, 000 deaths in 2016, and the most affected being children aged under 5 years (IRSP), P.O. Box: 918, Ouidah, Benin [6] and pregnant women . Jacques François Mavoungou Faced with this major public health problem, the countries concerned are developing strategic A. Research Institute in Tropical [7, 8] Ecology (IRET), P.O. Box: 13354, plans for the prevention and the control of vectors as well as in the management of patient . Libreville, Gabon The main entomological control methods against malaria transmission are the massive B. Institute of Technological Research distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and the indoor residual spraying (IRS). (IRT), P.O. Box: 9154, Libreville, Gabon However, the massive use of synthetic antimalarials (chloroquine, amodiaquine) and residual insecticides (DDT) after the Second World War led unfortunately to the development of [9] Correspondence antimalarial resistance and the rapid emergence of insecticide resistance . It is therefore Aubin Armel Koumba essential to know the efficacy of insecticides towards Anopheles malaria vector to better guide A. Research Institute in Tropical [10-12] Ecology (IRET), P.O. Box: 13354, malaria control strategies . Libreville, Gabon In Gabon, a tropical African country, malaria is hyperendemic and mainly caused by B. University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 05 P.O. Box: 1604, Cotonou, Benin Plasmodium falciparum and its major vectors consist of Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Anopheles C. Regional Institute of Public Health funestus s.l. [13]. This disease continues to be the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the (IRSP), P.O. Box: 918, Ouidah, Benin ~ 12 ~ International Journal of Mosquito Research country. According to the National Malaria Control Program, gambiae s.l. population were collected at their larval stage nearly 45% of children and 71% of pregnant women from natural (ponds) and artificial (water reservoirs, pits and consulted were hospitalized because of severe forms of tires) breeding sites present in 11 sampling stations, malaria [14, 15]. To effectively roll back malaria, Gabon distributed all over the study area. These stations were promote vector control based on the mass distribution of represented by Pk19, Moutassou camp (Estate 13, Estate impregnated bed nets and indoor residual insecticide spraying 13Bis, Estate 15), Moutambe Sane Foumou village, Doubou and the management of environment as main control camp, Mboukou village, Doubou village, Mavassa camp, strategies [16]. However, insecticide resistance of Anopheles Ngounié camp and Mboukou camp. Anopheline larvae and gambiae has been reported for a few years in Libreville and pupae were collected from breeding sites [21] using the dipping Port-Gentil by Pinto et al. (2006) [17] and Mourou et al. (2010) method [22], transferred to trays using pipettes and transported [14]. These resistance phenomena can seriously hinder control to the field laboratory for rearing [23]. These larvae were efforts. reared in water from the respective breeding sites and fed In Mouila, Koumba et al. (2018) [16] revealed that in the dry every second day with ornamental fish meal (Sera Vipagran) season, the populations of An. gambiae s.l. in the agricultural [24]. The adults obtained were fed using 10% sugar solution ad areas of this region were resistant to 4% DDT, 0.05% libitum. They were identified morphologically using the Deltamethrin and 0.75% Permethrin. Also, in order to know identification key of Baldacchino & Paupy (2010) [25] and the the sensitivity status of Anopheles gambiae s.l. to females were subjected to sensitivity tests. Organochlorines and Pyrethroids of various doses, a study was conducted in the agricultural sites of Mouila in the rainy 2.3 Adult sensitivity tests season. The aim of this study was to determine the The WHO sensitivity tests kits (WHO tubes and accessories) susceptibility status of An. gambiae sensu lato populations to and insecticide impregnated papers (DDT 4%, Permethrin one organochlorine and different pyrethroids in Mouila. 0.75%, 3.75% and 7.75%, Deltamethrin 0.05%, 0.25% and 0.50%, Lambdacyhalothrin 0.05%, 0.25% and 0.50%) were 2. Materials and Methods provided by WHO country office Gabon (Table 1). 2.1 Study area The present study was conducted in the rainy season of 2017 Table 1: Insecticides used for ssensitivity test in two agricultural sites, in the suburbs of Mouila city, notably Insecticide Tested Insecticide Mboukou and Moutassou. (Fig. 1). The Mboukou site family concentration (%) (1°39'06 "S and 10°49'42.6" E) is located in the Tsamba- Permethrin 0.75 – 3.75 – 7.75 Magotsi department about 35 kilometers from the town of Pyrethroids Deltamethrin 0.05 -0.25 – 0.50 Mouila. It is limited to the East by river Ngounié and Saint- Lambdacyhalothrin 0.05 – 0.25 – 0.50 Martin and Migabe villages and to the West by the Douya, Organochlorines DDT 4 Doubou, Mboukou and Rembo villages [18, 19]. The Moutassou site (1°59'33.8 "S and 11°02'25.2" E) is located in the Douya- Bioassays were carried out using WHO test kits for adult Onoye division about 13 kilometers from the town of Mouila mosquitoes and WHO procedures [26]. The insecticide [20]. It is limited to the north by the city of Mouila, to the East susceptibility tests were conducted using 2-4 days old, by the Moulandoufouala, Mbengui and Mbadi villages then to glucose-fed but non-blood-fed female Anopheles mosquitoes, the West by the Moutassou, Koumbanou, Ikolo-Ikolo and from larvae collected from the various breeding sites of the Digabosse villages. It is an ecosystem dominated by savannas, study sites. Each test on a batch of 25 mosquitoes was forests and forest-savanna mosaics occupying 75% of the replicated four times. They were exposed to impregnated exploitation permit [20]. papers with different insecticides for 60 minutes. Controls made up of wild mosquitoes were exposed to paper treated with olive oil only. The number of Knocked-down mosquitoes was first recorded every 5 minutes during the first 20 minutes of exposure and then every 10 minutes until 60 minutes of exposure. After 1 hour of exposure, the mosquitoes were transferred into WHO observation insecticide free tubes and maintained on sugar solution (10%). Mortality was recorded 24 hours post-exposure.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT a Commitment to Capacity Building
    CONTRIBUTING TO GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT A commitment to capacity building BY MICHELLE SCHOPP 22 Right of Way SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2018 magine living in an environment where you lose power every time it rains. Imagine being delayed getting to work because you had to bail a foot of water out of your living room or because the dirt road access to where you work is now a lake. Of course, by lunch it will all have dried out so you will go about your business and prepare to repeat this routine tomorrow. Such is the GLOBAL I way of life in Port Gentil, Gabon. 10° CAMEROUN 14° DEVELOPMENT Bitam 2° 2° Baie de RÉPUBLIQUE Biafra Oyem DU CONGO GUINÉE- Woleu ÉQUATORIALE Baie de Ivindo Corisco Makokou Libreville Owendo Kango Équateur 0° 0° Booué Cap Ogooué Lopez Lambaréné Lastoursville Port-Gentil Ogooué Mont Iboundji Ngounié Koulamoutou Moanda Mouila Franceville 2° 2° Gamba RÉPUBLIQUE Tchibanga DU CONGO OCÉAN ATLANTIQUE Mayumba 0 (km) 150 Terminal 0 (mi) 100 Lucina 12° Welcome to Central Africa roughly 7.3 million acres of marine and land area for conservation, establishing the country’s National Parks Service and 13 national Gabon is located on the western coast of Africa, straddling the parks. equator. It is bordered by Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon in the north, and the Republic of the Congo in the south. Utilities, Transportation, Oil and Gas Due to its location, Gabon experiences a year-round tropical Gabon’s abundance of natural resources has allowed for a climate with temperatures ranging from 68°F in the cooler profitable economy through the exportation of timber, manganese months to 88°F in its hottest month of January.
    [Show full text]
  • Birds from Gabon and Moyen Congo
    -"L I E) RAR.Y OF THE UN IVLR5ITY or ILLINOIS 590.5 FI V.41 cop. 3 NAiUhAL HISiuiSY SURVEY ,3 birds from Gabon and Moyen Congo AUSTIN L. RAND HERBERT FRIEDMANN MELVIN A. TRAYLOR, JR. fjMnoisiniiiiuHfiis FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY VOLUME 41, NUMBER 2 Published by CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM NOVEMBER 25, 1959 HIST-: birds from Gabon and Moyen Congo AUSTIN L. RAND Chief Curator, Department of Zoology Chicago Natural History Museum HERBERT FRIEDMANN Curator of Birds, United States National Museum MELVIN A. TRAYLOR, JR. Associate Curator, Division of Birds Chicago Natural History Museum FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY VOLUME 41, NUMBER 2 Published by CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM NOVEMBER 25, 1959 This paper is dedicated to PROFESSOR ERWIN STRESEMANN on the occasion of his seventieth birthday. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 59-15918 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS V.HI Ot? I/O , o Contents PAGE Introduction 223 Aschemeier's Itinerary 228 Beatty's Itinerary 231 Faunal Relationships 233 Acknowledgments 238 List of Birds 239 References 405 List of Families 411 221 Introduction In introducing a new study of the birds of Gabon we are mindful of the fact that the beginnings of our knowledge of the bird life of that portion of western Africa were connected with an American museum, the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. However, there cannot be said to be any connection between that historical fact and the present study, as the intervening century has seen little active interest in Gabon on the part of American ornithologists. Even the early interest in Gabon at the Philadelphia institution was not due to any advance planning on the part of the Academy.
    [Show full text]
  • Les Ethnies Du Gabon Et Leur Localisation
    Centre d’études stratégiques du bassin du Congo LES PRINCIPALES ETHNIES DU GABON ET LEUR LOCALISATION NOM PROVINCE LOCALISATION Andesa Haut-Ogooué Sud de Franceville Apindji Ngounié Nord de Mouila Bekwil Ogooué Ivindo Rive Invindo defrontière Gabon-Congo à Makokou Duma Plusieurs provinces Majoritairement à Lastourville Majoritairement dans Du nord de la forêt des Abeilles à Bakoumba. l’Ogooué Lolo De Lébamba à Mounana Evea Ngounié Environ de Fougamou Fang Ntumu Woleu Ntem Majoritairement d’Oyem à Bitam Sous-groupes 1. Mekaa, 1. Mekaa : Mitzic 2. Mveny 2. Mveny :Minvoul 3. Okok 3. Okok : Medouneu Ethnie apparentée Nzaman Ogooué Ivindo Environs de l'Ogooué, à Makokou et à Booué Galwa Moyen Ogooué Lacs Onangué, Avanga, Ezanga et Lambaréné Ethnies apparentées : 1. Adjumba 1. Lac Azingo , 2. Enanga 2. Lac Zilè Kande Moyen Ogooué Entre le confluent Ogooué/Okano et Booué Kaningi Haut-Ogooué Franceville Kele Moyen Ogooué Entre Lambaréné et Ndjolé Ngounié Fougamou Kota Haut-Ogooué Okondja Ogooué Ivindo Mékambo Lumbu Nyanga Tchibanga Entre Setté-Cama et Mayumba Mahongwe Ogooué Ivindo Mékambo Makaa Ogooué Ivindo Environ de Port Boué Mbaama Haut-Ogooué Rive de la Sembé, Akiéni, Okondja et Franceville Mbangwe Haut-Ogooué Nord de Franceville Myene Estuaire et Ogooué Maritime Sous-groupes : 1. Mpongwe 1. Libreville et Ponte Denis 2. Orungu 2. Cap Lopez et Port-Gentil 3. Nkomi 3. Fernan-Vaz 4. Ajumba 4. Lac Azingo 5. Enenga 5. Lac Zilé Ndambomo Ogooué Ivindo Sud de l’Ogooué Ivindo Nduumo Haut-Ogooué Franceville, Moanda Ngom 1. Ogooué Ivindo 1. Mékambo 2. Ogooué Lolo 2. Koulamoutou Nzébi 1. Ngounié 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Congolese Refugees in Gabon
    UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES EVALUATION AND POLICY ANALYSIS UNIT Refugee livelihoods Livelihood strategies and options for Congolese refugees in Gabon. A case study for possible local integration By David Stone, consultant, email: [email protected], EPAU/2004/09 and Machtelt De Vriese September 2004 Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit UNHCR’s Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit (EPAU) is committed to the systematic examination and assessment of UNHCR policies, programmes, projects and practices. EPAU also promotes rigorous research on issues related to the work of UNHCR and encourages an active exchange of ideas and information between humanitarian practitioners, policymakers and the research community. All of these activities are undertaken with the purpose of strengthening UNHCR’s operational effectiveness, thereby enhancing the organization’s capacity to fulfil its mandate on behalf of refugees and other displaced people. The work of the unit is guided by the principles of transparency, independence, consultation, relevance and integrity. Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Case Postale 2500 1211 Geneva 2 Switzerland Tel: (41 22) 739 8249 Fax: (41 22) 739 7344 e-mail: [email protected] internet: www.unhcr.org/epau All EPAU evaluation reports are placed in the public domain. Electronic versions are posted on the UNHCR website and hard copies can be obtained by contacting EPAU. They may be quoted, cited and copied, provided that the source is acknowledged. The views expressed in EPAU publications are not necessarily those of UNHCR. The designations and maps used do not imply the expression of any opinion or recognition on the part of UNHCR concerning the legal status of a territory or of its authorities.
    [Show full text]
  • Health Financing in the Republic of Gabon Public Disclosure Authorized
    A WORLD BANK STUDY Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Health Financing in the Republic of Gabon Public Disclosure Authorized Karima Saleh, Bernard F. Couttolenc, Public Disclosure Authorized and Helene Barroy Health Financing in the Republic of Gabon A WORLD BANK STUDY Health Financing in the Republic of Gabon Karima Saleh, Bernard F. Couttolenc, and Helene Barroy © 2014 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 17 16 15 14 World Bank Studies are published to communicate the results of the Bank’s work to the development com- munity with the least possible delay. The manuscript of this paper therefore has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formally edited texts. This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, inter- pretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Multinational
    AFRICA DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP NDENDE-DOLISIE ROAD AND LIBREVILLE-BRAZZAVILLE CORRIDOR TRANSPORT FACILITATION PROJECT - PHASE I COUNTRY: GABONESE REPUBLIC/REPUBLIC OF CONGO PROJECT APPRAISAL REPORT OITC DEPARTMENT December 2013 Translated Document TABLE OF CONTENTS PROJECT INFORMATION SHEET, CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS, ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS, LIST OF ANNEXES AND TABLES, BASIC DATA, PROGRAMME LOGICAL FRAMEWORK, IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE, EXECUTIVE SUMMARY………………………………………………………………………………………..……………..………………………..I - IX 1 PROJECT STRATEGIC THRUST AND RATIONALE .............................................. 1 1.1 Key Development Constraints ................................................................................... 1 1.2 Project Linkages with Regional and National Strategies and Objectives .................. 1 1.3 Rationale for Bank Involvement ................................................................................ 2 1.4 Aid Coordination ....................................................................................................... 2 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................ 3 2.1 Project Objectives and Components .......................................................................... 3 2.2 Technical Solutions Retained and Other Alternatives Explored ............................... 4 2.3 Project Type ............................................................................................................... 5 2.4 Project Cost Estimates and Financing
    [Show full text]
  • Download Publication
    REPORT OF THE AFRICAN for Indigenous Affairs Indigenous for International Work Group Group Work International COMMISSION’S WORKING GROUP ON INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS/COMMUNITIES N O RESEARCH AND INFORMATION VISIT TO et des Peuples des et des Droits de l’Homme l’Homme de Droits des THE REPUBLIC OF GABON Commission Africaine Africaine Commission 15-30 September 2007 REPUBLIC OF GAB REPUBLIQUE DU GAB 15-30 Septembre 2007 Septembre 15-30 EN REPUBLIQUE DU GABON DU REPUBLIQUE EN African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights VISITE DE RECHERCHE ET D’INFORMATION D’INFORMATION ET RECHERCHE DE VISITE O N COMMUNAUTÉS AUTOCHTONES COMMUNAUTÉS SUR LES POPULATIONS / / POPULATIONS LES SUR International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs DE LA COMMISSION AFRICAINE AFRICAINE COMMISSION LA DE RAPPORT DU GROUPE DE TRAVAIL DE GROUPE DU RAPPORT REPORT OF THE AFRICAN COMMISSION’S WORKING GROUP ON INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS/COMMUNITIES RESEARCH AND INFORMATION VISIT TO THE REPUBLIC OF GABON 15-30 September 2007 The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights adopted this report at its 45th Ordinary Session, 13-27 May 2009 African Commission on International Work Group Human and Peoples’ Rights for Indigenous Affairs (ACHPR) 2010 REPORT OF THE AFRICAN COMMISSION’S WORKING GROUP ON INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS/COMMUNITIES: RESEARCH AND INFORMATION VISIT TO THE REPUBLIC OF GABON 15-30 September 2007 © Copyright: ACHPR and IWGIA Typesetting and Layout: Jorge Monrás Prepress and Print: Eks-Skolens Trykkeri, Copenhagen, Denmark ISBN: 978-87-91563-74-4 Distribution in North
    [Show full text]
  • Surveys of Potential Yellow Fever Vectors in Gabon And
    WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION'I WHO/VBC/71.279 I I ORGANISATION MONDIALE DE LA SANT6 ORIGINAL: FRENCH i .SURVEYSOF POTE~IALYELLOW FEVER VECTORS IN GABON AND CHAD (21 October - 7 November 1970) by 1 J. MOUCHET " 4 ' i. AIMS Little is known regarding the distribution and ecology of the oulicinae especially of potential yellow fever vectors in Gabon and Chad, whereas information is relatively more plentiful concerning the other States belonging to the OCEAC, namely Cameroon, the C.A.R. and Congo. Consequently the author took advantage of a stay of two weeks in Gabon to study the ecological conditions and quantitative distribution of A. aegypti in the north-west of the country. During three days spent in Chad, similar studies were restricted to a few villages in the neighbourhood of Fort Lamy. At the same time, certain data were collected on culicid fauna in Gabon. In addition, seven A. aegypti strains were collected 5n Gabon for laboratory breeding and subsequent investigation of their susceptibility to insecticides, an essential guide in any control campaign. This research was motivated by the concern of OCEAC, which has been aroused by the recrudescence of yellow fever in Africa and was therefore welcomed by the authorities of that Organization, which is endeavouring to promote a rational prophylaxis of the endemic in the Member States. 2. SURVEYS IN GABON 2.1 Epidemiological and entomological background Memories of the devastating yellow fever epidemics are still vivid in the coastal region of Gabon, but no case of the disease has been reported since 1949. An OCEAC information document (June 1970) mentions the presence of antibody in a few unvaccinated subjects and does exclude the possibility of jungle transmission in the east of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Colonial Transactions Imaginaries, Bodies, and Histories in Gabon
    colonial transactions imaginaries, bodies, and histories in gabon Florence Bernault Colonial Transactions theory in forms A Series Edited by Nancy Rose Hunt and Achille Mbembe Colonial Transactions • • • • • Imaginaries, Bodies, and Histories in Gabon florence bernault duke university press Durham and London 2019 © 2019 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of Amer i ca on acid- free paper ∞ Designed by Amy Ruth Buchanan Typeset in Arno Pro by Westchester Publishing Services Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Bernault, Florence, author. Title: Colonial transactions : imaginaries, bodies, and histories in Gabon / Florence Bernault. Description: Durham : Duke University Press, 2019. | Series: Theory in forms Identifiers: lccn 2018047203 (print) | lccn 2018059396 (ebook) isbn 9781478002666 (ebook) isbn 9781478001232 (hardcover : alk. paper) isbn 9781478001584 (pbk. : alk. paper) Subjects: lcsh: Gabon—Colonial influence. | Gabon— History—1839–1960. | Gabon—Religious life and customs. | Magic—Social aspects—Gabon. | Witchcraft—Social aspects— Gabon. | France—Colonies—Africa—Administration. | Imperialism in popular culture—France—History—19th century. Classification: lcc dt546.175 (ebook) | lcc dt546.175 .b47 2019 (print) | ddc 967.21/02—dc23 lc record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018047203 Cover art: Malangatana Ngwenya (1936–2011), Untitled, 1967. Oil paint on hardboard, 1095 × 1902 mm. © Fundação Malangatana Valente Ngwenya. Photo: © Tate, London 2019. To Suzanne and Roman, with love contents Preface • ix Introduction • 1 chapter 1 • A Siren, an Empty Shrine, and a Photo graph • 27 chapter 2 • The Double Life of Charms • 69 chapter 3 • Carnal Fetishism • 96 chapter 4 • The Value of People • 118 chapter 5 • Cannibal Mirrors • 138 chapter 6 • Eating • 168 Conclusion • 194 Notes • 205 Bibliography • 293 Index • 321 Preface One day in Brazzaville (Congo), witchcraft filled my heart with anger.
    [Show full text]
  • Republique Gabonaise
    WORLD POLICE AND PARAMILITARY FORCES The Gabonese police forces are organized on French lines. They are the National Police Forces (Forces Nationales de GABON Police), comparable to the French Police Nationale, with Republique Gabonaise about 1000 men, and the paramilitary Gendarmerie Nation­ ale Gabonaise, which is commanded by French officers and has some 1700 men.The Forces Nationales de Police Area: 267,667 sq. km comprise the National Security Police (Surete Nationale) and Population: 1,292,000 the Judiciary Police (Police Judiciaire). Capital: Libreville The Gendarmerie consists of three Brigades, subdivided into Companies: Eastern (Mouanda Company), Northern Head of State: Omar Bongo (President) (Libreville, Makokou and Oyem Companies) and Southern Prime Minister: Leon Mebiame (Lambarene, Mouila, Port Gentil and Tchibanga Com­ panies). There is a training school (Ecole Nationale de Gabon comprises nine provinces (capitals in brackets): Gendarmerie) at Owendo. In common with most African countries, Gabon is a one-party state, ruled by the Gabonese Democratic Party Estuaire (Libreville) Ogooue-Ivindo (Makokou) (Parti Democratique Gabonais, PDG). Unlike other coun­ Haut-Ogooue Ogooue-Lolo tries, it is fairly stable and has very few internal security (Franceville) (Koulamoutou) problems. The Gendarmerie is trained for riot control duties, Moyen-Ogooue Ogooue-Maritime in case such an emergency arises. (Lambarene) (Omboue) Ngounie (Mouila) Woleu-Ntem (Oyem) Direction de la Surete Nationale, BOlte Postale 2233, Nyanga (Tchibanga) Libreville 74 J. Andrade, World Police & Paramilitary Forces © Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited 1985.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    E4658 REPUBLIQUE GABONAISE Unité-Travail-Justice Ministère de l’Energie et des Ressources Hydrauliques Public Disclosure Authorized --- Commission Nationale des TIPPEE --- Secrétariat Permanent _________ Projet « Accès aux services de base en milieu rural et Renforcement Public Disclosure Authorized des capacités PROJET __________ CADRE DE GESTION ENVIRONNEMENTALE ET SOCIALE (CGES) Public Disclosure Authorized Mai 2014 Mbaye Mbengue FAYE Consultant en Evaluation Environnementale et Sociale Tél : (221) 77549 76 68 BP 12 860 Dakar Email : [email protected] Dakar - Sénégal Avec la collaboration de : Mohamadou Lamine FAYE, Expert Socio-économiste/environnementaliste Mamadou DIEDHIOU, Socio-économiste Public Disclosure Authorized Clair MBOUROU, Expert Sociologue et Environnementaliste Moussa DIOP, Expert Energie Meïssa FALL, Expert Hydraulique MIKALA Mussavu Rufin, Expert Cartograhe/SIG 2 TABLE DES MATIERES ACRONYMES ............................................................................................................................................................. 6 RESUME EXECUTIF ................................................................................................................................................ 7 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................ 10 1.1. CONTEXTE ................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Lexicography in Gabon: a Survey1 B
    Lexicography in Gabon: A Survey1 B. Nyangone Assam and P.A. Mavoungou, Department of Afrikaans and Dutch, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, Republic of South Africa Abstract: This paper traces the historical development of lexicography in Gabon. Gabon, like most African countries, is multilingual. The recent inventories of languages spoken in Gabon are those established by Jacquot (1978) and Kwenzi-Mikala (1998). According to Kwenzi-Mikala (1997), there are 62 speech forms divided into 10 language groups or language-units in Gabon. These speech forms co-exist with French, the official language. In fact, in article 2 of paragraph 8 of the revised Constitution of 1994 the following can be read: "The Gabonese Republic adopts French as the official language. Furthermore, she endeavours to protect and promote the national languages." This constitutional arrangement naturally makes French the language used in education, administration and the media. The survey of lexicography in Gabon that is presented here includes the linguistic situation in and the language policy of Gabon, the lexicographic survey itself, as well as the lexicographic needs of the different speech forms (including languages and dialects). Initially, the pioneers of Gabonese lexicography were missionaries or colonial administrators. Very little was done in this field by the Gabonese themselves. Although credit is to be given to these early works, there are a number of shortcomings regarding the linguistic as well as the metalexicographic contents of dictionaries and lexicons produced during this period. In fact, the main weak point of those studies was the lack of tones in the written transcription of oral productions and orthographic problems.
    [Show full text]