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Allometric Variations and Condition Factor in Cellana Karachiensis (Winckworth, 1930) Found at Two Adjacent Rocky Coasts of Karachi, Pakistan

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Allometric Variations and Condition Factor in Cellana Karachiensis (Winckworth, 1930) Found at Two Adjacent Rocky Coasts of Karachi, Pakistan Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences Vol. 42(6), October 2013, pp. 794-799 Allometric variations and condition factor in Cellana karachiensis (Winckworth, 1930) found at two adjacent rocky coasts of Karachi, Pakistan Fatima Hayat Shaheen Zafar1* & Zarrien Ayub2 1Department of Zoology, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan 2Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan *[E-mail address: [email protected]] Received 15 March 2012; revised 24 October 2012 Length-length and length-weight relationship and condition factor is described for Cellana karachiensis (Winckworth, 1930) collected between November 2007 and April 2009 from rocky shores of Buleji and Paradise Point. Maximum total length registered for this species was 50 mm at Buleji and 40 mm at Paradise Point. Shell length-shell width, shell length- shell height and shell width-shell height showed strong relationship between the variables. Shell length-shell height relationships for C. karachiensis showed a positive allometry, which is common in high-shore limpets in order to lower the rate of water loss in these animals. Value of b, the value of b > 3.0 for shell length and weight relationship indicated a positive allometric growth in C. karachiensis at both sites. Analysis of variance showed significant difference between the value of b during different seasons at Buleji and Paradise Point. Condition factor (CF) calculated for C. karachiensis ranged between 1.007 to 1.108 at Buleji and 1.008 to 1.064 at Paradise Point. Analysis of variance showed no significant difference between CF values in different seasons at two sites. A similar condition factor in different seasons showed that food availability remained constant throughout the year in coastal waters of Pakistan. [Keywords: Length-weight, Condition factor, Cellana karachiensis, Karachi, Northern Arabian Sea] Introduction Limpet Cellana karachiensis (Winckworth, 1930) Analyses of allometric relationships help to get is found on the rocky coasts of Karachi, Pakistan. No information about the basic ecophysiological published information of this species is available on characteristics of organisms, particularly vertebrates1. the geographical distribution, its growth and other However, there is a paucity of comparative studies on aspects of biology, with the exception of the the allometric relationships among aquatic morphometric studies from Gulf of Oman and 9 invertebrates including molluscs. The studies on Arabian Gulf . In the present study length-length and variations in shell shape of limpets have been length-weight relationships and the variation in attributed to exposure, desiccation stress, tidal height condition factor among seasons will be estimated for or a combination of these and other factors2-10. Cellana karachiensis on two rocky shores, Buleji and The knowledge on quantitative aspects such as Paradise Point, Karachi. length-weight relationship, length-length relationship, condition factor, growth and recruitment are Materials and Methods important tools for the adequate management of any 11 Cellana karachiensis species . Condition factor measures the affect of Samples of were collected various ecological and biological factors on the each month from rocky shores of Buleji and Paradise growth rate and reproduction of an individual. High Point, Karachi during November 2007 to April 2009. value of condition factor showed the degree of fitness The coast of Karachi (Fig. 1) located on the and suitability of the environment for the individual12. northeastern border of the Arabian Sea, is about Higher is the weight of limpet, the greater will be its 90 km long and its geographic coordinates are 24° condition factor11. King11 suggested that seasonal 48′ N latitude and 66° 59′ E longitude. Rocky ledge of variations in the condition of a limpet may be related Buleji is covered by boulders of varying sizes and to variations in food abundance and to different occupied by a diversified molluscan and crustacean reproductive stage. fauna, while the Paradise Point has hard platform and is comparatively much less populated than Buleji and ___________________ *Corresponding author the abundant animals found here are limpets and 795 ZAFAR & AYUB: ALLOMETRIC VARIATIONS AND CONDITION FACTOR IN CELLANA KARACHIENSIS data on condition factor (CF) of Cellana karachiensis was subjected to one way ANOVA to test for possible seasonal difference. Results and Discussion Length-length relationship A total of 722 specimens of Cellana karachiensis were examined from Buleji and 721 from Paradise point. Minimum total length of limpet recorded was 14 mm. In the present study the limpets smaller than Fig. 1 A map showing the coastline of Pakistan 14 mm were not found at the sampling sites, which showed that juveniles limpets preferred a different barnacles. On each occasion, quadrats (50 cm × 50 cm) substratum than that preferred by their adults. were haphazardly place within the zone of occurrence Absence of small-sized limpets in the present study is of Cellana karachiensis and approximately 120 in agreement with the study of Thompson13 who individuals were removed with the help of spatula, reported that Patella vulgata < 12 mm were either handpicked and were brought to the laboratory. A absent or few present in the area where adults were fixed numbers of individuals were used instead of a found. It has been reported that very young limpets fixed number of plots to make a comparison of size require a damp habitat and avoid dry rocks14-15. structure. Maximum total length of C. karachiensis recorded All shells were measured for total length, width and in this study was 40 mm from Paradise Point and height to the nearest 0.1 mm with the help of vernier 50 mm from Buleji, which is substantially lower than 9 calipers. Weight ( 0.01 g) of each animal was taken those reported for the same species by Emam from on an electronic balance. Later the tissue was Gulf of Oman (Table 1). Maximum size of some removed from the shell and wet weight of tissue was species of Cellana and Patella reported from other taken. parts of the world are either smaller or similar in size Relationships between different lengths were to C. karachiensis with exception of C. testudinaria, examined by the linear regression equation P. flexuosa and P. ferruginea which are compara- Y = a + b*X. Values of a and b were estimated from tively much larger in size (Table 1). These length the log-transformed values of lengths in order to variations between sites may be correlated to the linearize the data. Student’s t-tests was used to ecological conditions of the habitats and/or with confirm whether b values obtained in the linear animal physiology16. regressions were significantly different from the Length-length relationships and the coefficient of isometric value (b= 1). 2 Relationship between shell length and total weight determination r are given in Table 2. In this study the and shell length and tissue wet weight of limpet was shell length-shell width relationships in C. karachiensis b showed a relatively strong relationship between the calculated by the allometric equation W = aL . Values variables (r² = 0.921 at Buleji; r² = 0.861 at Paradise of a and b were estimated from the log10 transformed Point). Value of b is significantly different from the values of length and weight, that is, log10 W = a + b theoretical slope of 1.0 at Buleji (P < 0.001, t-test log10 L. Student’s t-tests was used to confirm whether b values obtained for the length-weight relationship values given in Table 2) while at Paradise Point, the were significantly different from the isometric value shell length-shell width relationship is isometric (b= 3). Data on b value of length-weight relationship (Table 2). Shell length-shell height and shell width- was subjected to one way ANOVA to test for possible shell height relationships in this species were found to seasonal difference. be moderately correlated (in all cases: r² > 0.614) and the value of b is significantly different from the Condition factor (CF) was calculated as CF = theoretical slope of 1.0 (Table 2). Length-length Wcal./Wpred., where Wcal. is the weight of an relationships have been reported to be linear in individual and Wpred. is the weight of individual P. vulgata at three adjacent sites at Sandwick Bay, predicted from the length-weight relationship. The Orkney8. INDIAN J. MAR. SCI., VOL. 42, NO. 6, OCTOBER 2013 796 Table 1 Maximum shell lengths (mm) of Cellana and Patella spp. from various sources and Zeal Pakistan Mediterranean Khouw Indonesia (2007) Paracuellos et al.(2003) W. Emam(1994) Gulf ofEmam(1994) Oman Gulf Baxter (1983) Orkney Island Emam (1994) ofEmam Gulf Arabia Present Study. Paradise Point Present Study. Point Paradise Present study .Buleji Pakistan Present study .Buleji Dunmore and Schiel (2000) New Dunmore(2000) New Schiel and Ayas (2010)Mediterranean E. N. Bosch et al (1995) Gulf of Bosch Arabia et al (1995) Gulf Ismail and (1999) Red Ismail sea Elkrami Navarro et al (2005) Canary Navarro Islands et al (2005) Canary Species Species C. karachiensis - 49.2 55 - - - - - - - 40 50 C. radiata - - - - 38.5 - - - - - - - C. rota - - - 45 50 - - - - - - - C. testudinaria - - - - 90 - - - 31.5 - - - C. ornata - - - - - 49 - - - - - - P. flexuosa - - - 40 95 - - - - - - - P. caerulea - - - - - - - - - 39 - - P. rustica - - - - - - - 48 - 42.5 - - P. ferruginea - - - - - - 96 - - - - - P. vulgata 40 - - - - - - - - - - - P. aspera - - - - - - - 51 - - - - Table 2 Length-length relationships between shell length (SL), shell width (SW) and shell height (SH) in Cellana karachiensis. a, 2 intercept; b, slope; S.E., standard error; r , determination coefficient; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.001 Sites Equation Sample size a S. E. (a) b S. E. (b) r2 t-test Buleji SH=a+b*SL 722 0.123 0.036 1.205 0.026 0.740 7.72** SH=a+b*SW 0.205 0.028 1.121 0.022 0.776 5.37** SW=a+b*SL 0.066 0.235 0.854 0.009 0.921 -15.57** Paradise Point SH=a+b*SL 721 0.199 0.043 1.062 0.031 0.614 1.99* SH=a+b*SW 0.258 0.031 1.054 0.024 0.717 2.20* SW=a+b*SL 0.761 0.020 1.014 0.014 0.868 0.99 In the present study shell length-shell height showed a positive allometry in C.
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