Home Modifications Booklet
SBH Queensland and Montrose Access
Compiled by Belinda Harris and Linda Moylan Occupational Therapy students University of Queensland October 2004 2
DISCLAIMER This booklet is designed to provide general information about topics covered to assist interested parties. It is compiled from information written by the staff of SBH Queensland and Montrose Access, as well as from various publications by authors not related to the associations. Accordingly, whilst SBH Queensland and Montrose Access believe the information is the most accurate and up to date available, the organisations accept no responsibility for the information from other sources.
Standards and government legislation are continually changing, as is the type of equipment available due to improvements in technology. Prices and contacts are current as at July 2004. Because costs change, prices are included as a guide only. Please use the contact numbers provided to obtain the most recent and up to date information.
COPYING SBH Queensland and Montrose Access Material in this booklet may be reproduced provided the source is acknowledged.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Linda Moylan and Belinda Harris, occupational therapy students from the University of Queensland completed this booklet in July 2004.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ...... 5 PART 1: PUBLIC, COMMUNITY AND PRIVATE HOUSING ...... 7 Department of Housing ...... 7 Department of Housing local area office contact details: ...... 7 PUBLIC HOUSING ...... 8 Public rental housing ...... 8 Priority housing ...... 8 COMMUNITY HOUSING ...... 10 Crisis accommodation ...... 10 Transitional accommodation ...... 10 Long term accommodation ...... 10 Tenant advice and advocacy service Qld ...... 11 PRIVATE HOUSING ...... 12 Private home ownership ...... 12 First Home Owner Grant (FHOG) ...... 12 Deposit Assistance Grant for People with Disabilities ...... 13 Private rental accommodation ...... 13 Rent Assistance ...... 14 Telephone allowance ...... 14 Eligibility for Rent Assistance and Telephone Allowance ...... 14 Bond Loans ...... 14 Rental Grant ...... 14 PART 2: SERVICES AND ORGANISATIONS ...... 16 Introduction ...... 16 Lifetec ...... 16 Home Assist Secure (HAS) ...... 17 Technical Aid to the Disabled Qld Inc (TADQ) ...... 18 Queensland Disability Housing Coalition (QDHC) ...... 18 Architects ...... 19 Small home modifications ...... 20 Large home modifications ...... 21 Building Services Authority Queensland ...... 24 HACC home modification services ...... 24 Home care ...... 25 PART 3: AREAS FOR MODIFICATION ...... 26 Australian standards ...... 26 Wheelchair dimensions ...... 26 EXTERNAL ACCESS ...... 27 Driveway and kerbs ...... 27 Garages and carports ...... 27 Pathways ...... 28 Ramps ...... 28 Portable ramps ...... 29 Lifts ...... 29 INTERNAL ACCESS ...... 31 Circulation space ...... 31 Hallways ...... 31 Doors ...... 31 Door handles ...... 32 Flooring ...... 33 Lighting ...... 34 Power Outlets and Light Switches ...... 34 Telephone ...... 35
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Windows ...... 36 BATHROOM AND TOILET ...... 37 Layout ...... 37 Doors ...... 38 Walls and flooring ...... 38 Shower recess ...... 38 Shower screen ...... 38 Shower floor...... 39 Hand-held shower hoses ...... 40 Shower seats and mobile shower commodes ...... 42 Baths ...... 44 Grab rails ...... 46 Taps ...... 47 Thermostat ...... 48 Ventilation and lighting ...... 48 Toilet ...... 49 Hand basin ...... 50 Additional bathroom fittings ...... 51 KITCHEN ...... 52 Layout ...... 52 Lighting ...... 53 Flooring ...... 53 Benches ...... 53 Storage ...... 54 Cupboard and pantry doors ...... 55 Sink ...... 55 Taps ...... 56 Appliances...... 56 Cooktops ...... 57 Walloven ...... 59 Microwave ...... 60 Refrigerator ...... 60 Dishwasher ...... 61 Additional kitchen equipment ...... 62 LAUNDRY ...... 63 Washing machine ...... 63 Clothes dryer ...... 63 Clothes line ...... 64 Laundry tub ...... 64 Taps ...... 64 Ironing equipment ...... 64 BEDROOM ...... 65 Bed and mattress ...... 65 Wardrobe ...... 66 Lighting ...... 66 Floor coverings ...... 66 Mirrors ...... 66 Power points and light switches ...... 66 LOUNGE AND DINING AREA S...... 67 CONCLUSION ...... 67
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INTRODUCTION
What is a home? Home means a lot of different things to people. To most people a home isn’t just a place where you eat, sleep and get ready to go to work or school. Home is place where you can relax, where you can be yourself and express your individuality through the design of the home. You are surrounded by your belongings that have a history. It is a place where family can come together and be in each other’s company. Home is a place to explore your hobbies like reading a book or watching a movie. Therefore when modifying your home or designing a new home it is important to make sure that your home is not only accessible but that you are comfortable and pleased with the design. Because you will be living in it!
What’s in the booklet? The booklet is a guide for people who are building a new home or modifying an existing home for a person who has spina bifida, muscular dystrophy or any other condition that affects mobility. It is aimed at providing information to adults with a mobility difficulty or families who have children with mobility difficulties and require modifications to make their home more accessible.
Information is provided on the services and organisations that may assist you with building or modifying the home and the different type of modifications in the areas of the home. Included are guidelines for modifications in the home, the pros and cons to different options and where materials and equipment can be purchased. Primarily addressed are issues for people who use wheelchairs however it is also useful for people who are ambulant.
What to keep in mind Housing modifications depend on the level of function of the person with the disability and the needs of the rest of the people in the household. When modifying the home it is important to aim for accessibility and for maximum independence for all family members. This booklet provides information in order to empower you to make choices however it is important to seek technical advice and council approval where required prior to beginning the modifications. Collaboration between the architect, builder, occupational therapist, the person with the disability and the family members is required to ensure cost effective and efficient home modifications. Therefore when undertaking modifications or building a new home, it is recommended to: • Familiarise yourself with current Australian Standards and legislation requirements • Consult health and building professionals • Consult the Independent Living Centre for information and advice.
It is important to keep in mind that all people are different and have individual needs. Remember that if you are planning for a child’s needs, your child will grow up to be an adult and the modifications should accommodate their future needs.
Other additional information A video and a photo album produced by SBH Queensland are also available to provide additional information on home modifications. These can be borrowed from the SBH Queensland resource library.
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Access concepts There are many different terms used to describe buildings and homes that have improved access. Each term has a different approach to access and has value. These terms will be defined for your interest and to assist you in designing a home to suit your needs. • Accessible design: A design that complies with certain rules or standards. An example of this is the Australian Standards, which apply to most commercial and public buildings and some to housing. Please refer to the Australian Standards information in section 3 for more details.
• Adaptable Housing: This term describes a shift away from designing ‘special’ accommodation for a particular person and undertaking design to suit everyone of all ages and abilities. It consists of some sensible design features to improve the safety and ease of use of the home for all people. Please refer to Australian Standard 4299 for more information.
• Visitability: This term describes a home’s accessibility to visitors. It aims to make a home ‘visitable’ by all people including wheelchair users by avoiding level changes and having at least one accessible toilet. Manoeuvrability within the living area, kitchen and paths linking these as well as access to controls and taps is also important.
• Universal Design: The term universal design describes the design of environments that are useable by all people to the greatest extent possible without needing adaptation or special design. It is based on a number of core principles such as equitable, flexible, simple and intuitive use. The design should communicate perceptible information to users and provide a tolerance for error should there be accidental or unintended consequences. Finally, the design should require a low physical effort and be used comfortably and efficiently by all people. This Universal Design concept was developed at the Centre for Universal Design at North Carolina State University. For more information, please view their website: http://www.design.ncsu.edu/cud.
SPINA BIFIDA The term ‘spina bifida’ means split spine. The term refers to a group of birth defects, which interfere with the development of the brain, spinal cord and nerve tissues. The birth defect occurs during the course of pregnancy. It always involves the posterior portion of the vertebrae not forming properly. The spinal cord and coverings are usually damaged. The effects of this birth defect vary from person to person.
MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY Muscular dystrophies are a group of conditions characterised by progressive muscle weakness in various muscle groups. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common and severe form, affecting boys.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by changes in the biochemistry and structure of the muscle cells due to an inability to produce dystrophin. Dystrophin is a protein that is responsible for maintaining the structure of muscle cell membranes. Without dystrophin the muscle cells degenerate and over a period of time this leads to progressive muscle weakness. This occurs throughout the body beginning with the muscles of the hip and progresses to the shoulder girdle and eventually affects all muscle groups. Independent mobility is one of the first body functions to be lost and electric wheelchair dependence is common within the first ten years of age. Upper body strength is also significantly affected.
Home modifications will depend on what stage the child is experiencing and will also include a consideration of their future needs.
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PART 1: PUBLIC, COMMUNITY AND PRIVATE HOUSING
Department of Housing (www.housing.qld.gov.au) There are three main types of housing available public, community and private housing, which will be outlined in detail. The Department of Housing is a Queensland government organisation that aims to improve people’s access to secure, affordable and appropriate housing by:
• providing public housing • funding organisations to provide community housing • providing assistance with private housing (eg. housing loans, bond loans and rental grants) • funding organisations to provide assistance with home modifications, home maintenance and security (Home Assist Secure) • managing and administering eight Home and Community Care (HACC) home modification services • providing information on housing products and services (Queensland Disability Housing Coalition).
Department of Housing local area office contact details:
Bayside Office Capalaba 3362 9100 Central Queensland Office 4938 4089 1800 659 160 Brisbane Central Office 3872 0320 Emerald Client 4987 4871
Fortitude Valley Service Centre 1800 659 160 Brisbane North Office 3896 9900 Far North Queensland 4039 8822 Chermside Office Cairns 1800 623 208 Brisbane South Office 3405 5300 Gladstone Client 4972 6093 Stones Corner Service Centre 1800 801 176 Brisbane South West 3362 9200 Gold Coast Office 5583 2200 Office Inala Robina Caboolture Client 5431 2501 Mackay-Whitsunday 4967 0888 Service Centre Office 1800 069 237 Logan Office 3884 9800 North Queensland Office 4760 7378 Woodridge Townsville 1800 806 242 Redcliffe Office 3480 1550 North West Queensland 4747 2137 1800 659 624 1800 620 466 West Moreton Office 3280 1420 South West Queensland 4615 3560 Ipswich 1800 636 390 Office Toowoomba 1800 623 435 Wynnum Client 3362 9000 Sunshine Coast Office 5475 9700 Service Centre Maroochydore
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PUBLIC HOUSING
Public rental housing Public rental housing is where the Department of Housing provides rental housing at a lower cost for low to moderate-income families and individuals. It aims to provide safe, secure, affordable and appropriate housing for people who have difficulty meeting their housing needs in the private housing market.
The rent for public rental accommodation can be a lot cheaper than private rental accommodation. The rent is dependent on income and for people on the Disability Support Pension it is about 25% of the pension. .
Renting through the Department of Housing is relatively secure ie tenants are usually able to rent a dwelling indefinitely. If an application is approved, the applicant’s name goes on a waiting list. Applicants nominate six suburbs they prefer to live in. Some areas are more popular than others and therefore may have longer waiting times. There is a waiting list for public housing of approximately two years.
Eligibility To be eligible for public housing it is required that you meet certain criteria. These criteria depend on your residency, whether you own a property, age and your household income. There is a full list of the eligibility criteria on www.housing.qld.gov.au under ‘fact sheets’ and ‘eligibility for public housing’.
How to apply To apply for public rental housing you need to complete an ‘Application for Public Housing Form’ and other forms. You can visit or telephone your local Department of Housing Office (list of phone numbers provided above) or you can download it from the above web site under ‘application forms’ and ‘public housing’.
Public Housing for People with a Disability People with a disability can be housed through the Department of Housing’s public housing program. People with any type of disability physical, intellectual, sensory or psychiatric, which affects their housing need, can apply to receive assistance to find appropriate housing. Therefore if you require specific home modifications, they can supply housing that will meet your needs or if you are already in public housing they will supply modifications to that home. An occupational therapist from the Department of Housing will assess your needs.
In special circumstances, the Department may consider offering you a home as soon as possible, which is known as priority housing, which is outlined below.
Priority housing If you have special circumstances or can demonstrate an urgent housing need, you may be eligible for priority housing assistance, where an offer of accommodation may be made to you ahead of turn.
To apply for priority housing you must first demonstrate that: • You are eligible for public housing; and • Your circumstances are more urgent or extreme than other applicants on the public housing waiting list.
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An example of an eligibility criterion is: You or a member of your household, has a serious medical condition or disability that is made worse by your current housing situation.
You also need to: • Demonstrate that you have an urgent housing need; • Demonstrate that you are unable to access alternative appropriate, affordable and accessible housing such as private rental housing, community housing or staying with friends or relatives; and • Prove that priority housing will significantly resolve the circumstances prompting the application.
If you think you may be eligible for priority housing, you should discuss your situation with your local Department of Housing Office (a list is provided above).
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COMMUNITY HOUSING
Community housing is a service area whereby the Department of Housing funds non-profit organisations and local governments to provide housing and support. Funds are provided to organisations to provide: • crisis, transitional and long-term accommodation • information, advice and advocacy to residential tenants and people in housing need (TAASQ) • private housing support - information and assistance for older people and people with a disability living in their own home or renting privately (Home Assist Secure).
Crisis accommodation The Department of Housing funds not-for-profit incorporated community-based organisations and local governments to provide short-term housing for people who are homeless or at risk of homelessness, in crisis and/or in need of transitional support in the move towards independent living.
Transitional accommodation Transitional accommodation is provided through the Community Rent Scheme (CRS) . The Department of Housing funds non-profit, community-based organisations to provide short to medium-term accommodation for people on the public housing wait list who have qualified for public housing and are on the waiting list and are in severe and immediate housing need.
One of the primary target groups is people with disabilities who are on the waiting list for public housing but where there is no suitable public housing with the modifications they require available. CRS organisations are able to fund modifications on the accommodation they rent out. Therefore it provides private rental accommodation at a cheaper rate and with modifications.
It is a rental subsidy scheme , which means that private rental accommodation is provided at a public rental property rate. Therefore the rent paid under the CRS is a lot cheaper than renting privately. It is dependent on income and it is usually 25% of weekly income. So for people on a Disability Support Pension it is usually 25% of the pension.
To apply for CRS accommodation contact the CRS organisation closest to the area nominated on the application for public rental housing. Or contact community housing on (07) 3225 2319 for a list of CRS organisations. Or contact your local Department of Housing office (list provided above).
Long term accommodation Long-term Community Housing is a program is designed to involve local government and non-profit community organisations in the provision of locally managed long-term rental housing for low income earners whose needs are not adequately met by other housing options. One of the primary target groups is people with disabilities. For more information on which organisation is near you, contact the long-term community housing program officer on (07) 3222 2148. Or contact the Tenancy Advice and Advocacy Service Qld for information on how to apply for this service and whether this service would be beneficial for you (contact details provided below). The eligibility criteria are generally the same as for public housing.
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Tenant advice and advocacy service Qld Tenant Advice and Advocacy Service Qld (TAASQ) is primarily aimed at assisting you to understand your rights and responsibilities as a tenant in your negotiations with lessors and real estate agents. TAAS Workers are situated in independent, community based organisations and part of their role is to provide information on housing. TAAS Workers will give you information about available types of accommodation in your area. They also give you information about your rights as private tenants, and can provide advocacy support in disputes you may have with your landlord. They will give you information on your rights as a tenant even if you rent from the Department of Housing or a community based organisation.
If you would like to use this service contact a TAAS worker close to you. There is a list provided on the Department of Housing web site www.housing.qld.gov.au/renting/pdf/taasq_contacts.pdf. Tenancy advice is also available from the Tenants' Union of Queensland - phone 3257 1108 or Free call 1800 177 761, or the Residential Tenancies Authority on 1300 366 311.
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PRIVATE HOUSING
Buying or renting a home privately can be more expensive than through the Department of Housing. People may choose to purchase their own home or rent a home. There are many ways of accessing information about the property market. Of these, the Internet is fast becoming the most popular means of finding details and images of real estate for sale or rent. Web sites such as www.realestate.com.au allow you to run property searches based on your price range, desired location, type of home and number of bedrooms required.
Other sources of information for property details are: • Metropolitan Newspapers • Suburban/local newspapers • Real estate magazines • Real estate agents’ window displays • ‘For Sale’ sign boards • Friends and neighbours
Private home ownership Few services are available to assist people with disabilities to purchase their own home. Some people have successfully approached services clubs such as Rotary, Lions or local church groups for financial assistance for home modifications. If you or a family member or friend is associated with a community organisation, speak to them about possible assistance with fundraising.
First Home Owner Grant (FHOG) Buying or building your first home is a major expense which the Queensland Government recognises is further increased as a result of the goods and service tax (GST). To help offset these costs, the Queensland Government has introduced the First Home Owner Grant through the Office of State Revenue. From 1 July 2000, when you buy or build your first home, you may be eligible for a $7,000 grant.
Eligibility To be eligible, you must have completed an eligible transaction for the purchase or construction of a home that is your first home and you must satisfy all of the following criteria. • You must be at least 18 years of age • You must be a natural person (not a company or person acting in the capacity of trustee) • You, or a joint applicant, must be an Australian citizen or a permanent resident. • You or your spouse must not have received an earlier grant under the First Home Owner Grant Act 2000 or under an Act of an Australian State or Territory providing for payment of a first home owner grant, unless the earlier grant has been repaid. • You or your spouse must not have previously owned an interest in residential property in Australia prior to 1 July 2000. This includes investment homes. • You or your spouse must not have, on or after 1 July 2000 owned an interest in residential property in Australia and lived in that property.
All applicants who enter into an eligible transaction on or after 1 January 2004 must occupy the home as their principal place of residence within 1 year of completion of the eligible transaction and remain in continuous occupation for a period of at least 6 months.
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How to apply Application forms are available from the Office of State Revenue web site http://www.osr.qld.gov.au. Alternatively, they can be obtained from the Brisbane, Cairns, Townsville and Rockhampton branches of the Office of State Revenue. The application forms may be lodged through your financial institution, if you are obtaining finance for the purchase or construction of your home. Alternatively, you may lodge your application directly with the Office of State Revenue.
Contact Information Postal Address: GPO 2593, Brisbane Qld 4001 Phone: 1300 300 118 Fax: (07) 3227 8292 E-mail: [email protected]
Deposit Assistance Grant for People with Disabilities The Department of Housing provides some grants for private housing deposits and modifications. A grant of up to $10,000 is currently available for people with disabilities who are purchasing a home using the Department’s finance. The grant is designed to help people with disabilities and families with a disabled family member who need to modify their homes to increase safety and maximise independence.
The grant can be used for: • Modifying kitchens or bathrooms; • Improving access facilities with ramps; and • Any other modifications required to make life easier
Eligibility To be eligible for the grant you will need to provide the Department of Housing with specialist medical evidence in relation to your disability, together with details of how this affects your housing needs. If you are eligible for the grant, a report from an occupational therapist is required as well as builder’s quotations for the necessary modifications. The size of the grant will depend on these quotations, with a maximum amount of $10,000 available.
More Information Contact the Department of Housing on 1300 654 322
Private rental accommodation In Australia, many people rent their homes either directly from owners or through real estate agents. Renting privately is usually more expensive than through the Department of Housing as it is influenced by the market demand for property. Some suburbs are cheaper than others to rent in and as a general guide, the closer the suburb is to the CBD the higher the rent will be for homes.
In Queensland, the Residential Tenancies Act (1994) covers people who rent a dwelling. The Act sets out the rights and responsibilities of tenants and lessors. It describes what you and the lessor/agent can and can not do, how to address issues that may arise during the tenancy and explains what happens if either party breaks the law.
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When renting a home privately, it is necessary to request the written permission of the landlord to have any modifications carried out, even for minor jobs. The landlord has the right to refuse the completion of any modifications. If permission is granted, the lessor/agent should outline what changes have been approved and any terms to the agreement.
If you think that the lessor is being unreasonable, you may contact the RTA’s Dispute Resolution Service or alternatively, your local tenants union.
Contact Information For more information about the legislation and your rights and responsibilities when renting, contact the Residential Tenancies Authority at: Postal address: GPO Box 390 Brisbane Qld 4001 Phone: 1300 366 311 Web site: www.rta.qld.gov.au
Rent Assistance Centrelink provides financial rent assistance to people who receive a commonwealth pension and who are living independently in private rental accommodation. The fortnightly amount payable depends on the amount of rent you pay, your marital status and whether you have any children or dependents. • People living in public rental housing are not eligible for Rent Assistance. • People living in housing provided by the Community Rent Scheme (CRS) are entitled to Centrelink Rent Assistance.
Telephone allowance Centrelink provides a Telephone Allowance for assistance with the cost of rental on telephones. This is a non-taxable payment of $19.20 paid every 3 months. To qualify, a person must have a pension concession card, meet residential requirements and have a telephone connected in their own or partners name.
Eligibility for Rent Assistance and Telephone Allowance Telephone Centrelink on 13 27 17 or visit your local Centrelink branch.
Bond Loans A rental bond is money that you pay at the beginning of a tenancy that the lessor/agent can claim if you owe money for rent, damages, or other costs at the end of the tenancy. The maximum bond that a lessor can charge is equivalent to 4 week’s rent if the rent is $300 per week or less. If the rent is more than $300 per week, there is no limit on the bond that can be taken.
A Bond Loan is an interest free loan to people who cannot afford to pay a full bond to move into private rental accommodation. You can apply to your local office at the Department of Housing for a Bond Loan. You must apply before you move in. You will then be required to repay the Department on a monthly basis until it is finalised.
Rental Grant A Rental Grant is a once only grant of two weeks rent to help meet some of the costs associated with moving into private rental accommodation. The grant does not have to be repaid, and it helps people experiencing a housing crisis.
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A rental grant has strict eligibility criteria and may be difficult to access. Some people become eligible if they are exiting a community-based rent scheme to move into private rental accommodation.
More Information For information about Bond Loans and Rental Grants , contact your nearest Department of Housing Area Office as listed in the White Pages telephone directory. Alternatively, fact sheets and resources can be found on the website www.housing.qld.gov.au.
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PART 2: SERVICES AND ORGANISATIONS
Introduction There are a number of government and self-funded services, schemes and organisations that can assist you to meet your various housing needs. The following organisations listed sometimes enforce strict eligibility criteria or have waiting lists for services. For information or further advice regarding the use of these services, please contact SBH Queensland or Montrose Access.
Lifetec Lifetec is a non-government, non-profit, community based service staffed primarily by health care professionals. This organisation provides information and unbiased professional advice on equipment, building, resources and technology options for people with disabilities and their carers. The advice and direct access available will assist you to make informed decisions about the most appropriate equipment or other practical solutions to enhance your independence, ease caring and improve quality of life.
Lifetec has a large display of many aids and equipment including: • Bathing, toilet and self-care equipment • Mobility and wheelchair equipment • Hoists and alternatives for transfers • Equipment for eating, drinking and meal preparation • Seating, beds and positioning • Equipment for leisure and work • Home access and design
Lifetec does not sell or hire out equipment.
Lifetec staff are available to assist your enquires about: Occupational therapists, architects and builders experienced in home modifications Plumbers and handymen available for small jobs Bathroom and kitchen layout Building products
The centre is open for visits without an appointment each Tuesday and Thursday, opening hours: 9:00am - 4:30pm. Cost is $4.00 per person for entry. An appointment is required to visit the Centre on other days or if you would like to trial equipment on display.
If you live outside Brisbane, there is a Mobile Team that travels to rural, regional and remote areas throughout Queensland.
More Information Address: Level One, Reading Newmarket Cnr Newmarket & Enoggera Roads PO Box 3241 Newmarket Qld 4051 Ph: 1300 885 886 or 3552 9000 Fax: (07) 3552 9088
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Domain Central 103 Duckworth Street Garbutt QLD 4814 PO Box 8280 Garbutt QLD 4814 Ph: 4759 5600
Email: [email protected]
Home Assist Secure (HAS) Home Assist Secure offers non-financial assistance, advice and information on home repairs, maintenance and minor modifications and security. The service aims to remove some of the practical housing-related difficulties to help people feel safer and ensure they have easy access to and within their home.
The service provides assistance to elderly people (60+) and people with a disability who either own their home or live in private rental housing. To be eligible for subsidised assistance, people must be in receipt of a Commonwealth Government pension or benefit and be unable to make use of alternative forms of assistance, such as Home and Community Care, family or friends.
Home Assist Secure is not available to tenants of public rental housing.
More Information For copies of books and information about Home Assist Secure services, phone (07) 3227 6816 (Brisbane) or 1800 177 289 (toll free outside Brisbane). Alternatively, contact your local Department of Public Works and Housing Offices.
Contact details for Home Assist Secure:
Barcaldine & District 4651 2187 Logan & Beenleigh Districts 3208 0604 Beaudesert 5541 1653 Longreach & District 4658 1416 Blackall & District 4657 4013 Mackay & Hinterland 4963 2740 Bowen / Whitsunday 4786 3629 Mackay & Hinterland (freecall) 1800 679 622 Bowen / Whitsunday 1800 649 842 Maroochydore 5476 6130 Bribie Island 3408 0416 Maryborough office 4123 2234 Brisbane North-East 3254 0355 Maryborough (Gympie office) 5483 6666 Bundaberg & District 4153 1099 Mount Gravatt District 3849 2131 Bundaberg (freecall) 1800 112 210 Mount Isa & District 4749 0036 Caboolture & Kilcoy 5495 8700 Mount Isa & District (freecall) 1800 640 932 Caloundra 5491 7489 Noosa 5449 0214 Central Queensland 4922 3301 North Queensland 4787 3943 Central Qld (freecall) 1800 223 301 North Qld (freecall) 1800 130 943 Charleville & District 4654 3325 Pine Rivers 3889 1852 Chermside & District 3256 3001 Redcliffe 3284 0526 Far North Queensland 4039 9780 Redland 3829 8478 Far North Qld (25c call) 1300 301 882 Sandgate & District 3869 1000 Gold Coast Central 5538 1947 South West Brisbane 3892 3200 Gold Coast North 5531 3502 South West Qld (freecall) 1800 464 664 Gold Coast South 5598 1073 Stafford/Wavell Heights 3229 9416 Hervey Bay 4197 4332 Tableland 4091 4512 Inner West 3366 3066 Toowoomba 4632 7385 Ipswich 3810 6662 Townsville 4727 9025 Ipswich (25c per call) 1300 656 207 Western Suburbs Brisbane 3878 8058 Kangaroo Point to Carina 3391 8100 Wynnum 3393 3154
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Technical Aid to the Disabled Qld Inc (TADQ) TADQ is a non-profit association of technical volunteers including industrial designers, engineers, tradesmen, fitter and turners and paramedical professionals. Volunteers custom design, construct, adapt, install and maintain modifications and living aids for people with disabilities, where such suitable aids are not commercially available.
The service is provided free of all labour costs to clients with only the cost of materials and the volunteers out of pocket expenses requested. There is no charge for volunteers' hours .
The types of projects carried out by TADQ is exhaustive, for example: • Raised surfaces in kitchens • Slope boards • Modified pull-out cupboards • Specialised small chairs • Book rests/holders Tap turners • Kitchen and bedroom shelves • Kitchen trolleys • Bed raisers Height adjustable chairs and tables
TADQ groups operate in many regions throughout Queensland, including the Brisbane Metropolitan area, Sunshine and Gold Coasts, Toowoomba and many country centres.
More Information Postal Address: PO Box 158 Virginia BC QLD 4010
Phone: (07) 3216 1733 Fax: (07) 3216 1744 Email: [email protected] Web site: [email protected]
Queensland Disability Housing Coalition (QDHC) The Queensland Disability Housing Coalition (QDHC) is an independent statewide community based organisation funded by Department of Housing. The primary focus of QDHC includes: • Community Education: QDHC produce and distribute newsletters across Queensland. They also have useful publications such as ‘A Home of Your Own’ and ‘Housing on Your Mind’, which can be accessed from the website www.qdhc.org.au • Information Provision and Advice: QDHC provides information on a range of topics for example housing options, improving access and tenancy law. This can be through such means as the telephone, fax, post and e-mail. • Library Facilities: QDHC’s library provides information in the form of policy documents; reports; journals; books and videos on topics relative to housing and disability.
More Information PO Box 440, Stones Corner Qld 4120 Phone: (07) 3391 3433 Fax: (07) 3391 3488 Email: [email protected]
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Architects Architects use creativity and a practical understanding of structures and materials to develop concepts, plans, specifications and detailed drawings for homes and other structures. They negotiate with builders and planning authorities, administer building contracts and inspect any work carried out.
They may assist you with the following tasks when designing or modifying structures: • Prepare sketch drawings of layout, plumbing, heating units and electrical outlets • Discuss designs and cost estimates • Obtain necessary approvals from authorities • Prepare specifications for builders and trades people • Observe, inspect and monitor building work, to ensure that it is progressing according to the contract and specifications
Architects listed below specialise in modifying and building accessible homes. For information regarding architects in other regions, please contact Lifetec (See Lifetec Contact Details above).
Brisbane South
Keith Buhr 212 Boundary Street BRISBANE Ph: 07 3831 4644 Briggs, Peterson & QLD, 4000 Fax: 07 3832 2667 Buhr Email: [email protected]
Merrin & Cranston Pty 192 Vulture St SOUTH Ph: 07 3844 6104 Ltd BRISBANE QLD, 4101 Fax: 07 3846 3204
Mulder & Kenny 131 Mildmay St Ph: 07 3848 1121 Architects FAIRFIELD QLD, 4103 Fax: 07 3892 4554
Thomson Adsett 12 Fleet Lane Ph: 07 3840 9999 Architects SOUTH BRISBANE Fax: 07 3846 3672 QLD, 4101
Brisbane North Bradley Biggs; 2/139 Gotha St Ph: 07 3252 8305 Hargraves Biggs FORTITUDE VALLEY Fax: 07 3252 8592 Jacuzzi Pty Ltd QLD, 4006
Carl Brooks Ph: 07 3839 8544 Fax: 07 3832 1478
Keith Buhr See above
John Deshon 273 Moggill Rd Ph: 07 3878 3655 INDOOROOPILLY Mob: 0418 787 974 QLD, 4068 Fax: 07 3878 3677 Email: [email protected] John Packer 1026 Dayboro Rd Ph: 07 3285 4132 KURWONGBAH QLD, 4503
Sue Rowsell Ph: 07 3700 9511
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Fax: 07 3700 9512
Paul Trotter; Fullton, 96 Astor Terrace Ph: 07 3832 0622 Trotter & Moss SPRING HILL Fax: 07 3291 1500 QLD, 4000 Email: [email protected]
Webster; Hulme & 50 Sylvan Rd Ph: 07 3371 5533 Webster TOOWOONG Fax: 07 3371 6682 QLD, 4066 Email: [email protected]
Sunshine Coast
John Bennett; Bennett Unit 8, 15 Beacon Court Ph: 07 5474 8000 Architects SUNRISE BEACH QLD, 4567
Merrin & Cranston Ph: 07 5443 9293 Fax: 07 5443 9902
Gold Coast
Allan Hayes; Hamilton 143 Ferry Road Ph: 07 5528 0088 Hayes Henderson SOUTHPORT Fax: 07 5528 0066 Architects QLD, 4215
Central East Queensland
R.D. Smyth Ph: 07 4972 7327 Fax: 07 4972 4958
Small home modifications This is a list of companies or individuals that are able to carry out small alterations to homes for people with disabilities. For example, lowering or replacing light switches, widening door openings for wheelchair access, installing grab rails or replacing hinged doors with sliding doors. It is advisable to check builder’s registration numbers prior to entering into any work contract.
Prices are kept to a minimum and vary based on the services required. Contact details are as follows:
Brisbane South Region
Disability 33-37 Daniel Court Ph: 07 3297 5328 Modifications GREENBANK Mob: 0418 782 118 QLD, 4124 Fax: 07 3297 5768 Email: [email protected] Hennessey, David 3 Bordeaux Street Ph: 07 3341 3649 EIGHT MILE PLAINS QLD, Mob: 0421 102 805 4113 Fax: 07 3341 2077
Kayhan Pty Ltd PO Box 644 Ph: 07 3344 4435 SUNNYBANK QLD, 4109 07 3344 7426 Fax: 07 3423 7167 Email: [email protected]
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Web: www.kayhan.biz
Mascotbridge Pty Ltd Suite 11/ Country Traders Ph: 07 3289 1884 Cottage Carpentry 222 Mt Glorious Road 07 3289 2884 (A/H) SAMFORD Fax: 07 3289 1224 QLD, 4520 Email: [email protected]
S.R. Building 9 Willard Street Ph: 0411 877 497 TIVOLI Fax: 07 3281 2586 QLD, 4305 Web: www.tobuild.com.au/srbuilding
Terrill, Philip 68 Raelene Tce Ph: 07 3208 0412 SPRINGWOOD Fax: 07 3208 0412 QLD, 4127
Yarrow Building and 4A, 23 Richland Ave Ph: 07 3274 4178 Plumbing COOPERS PLAINS Fax: 07 3275 3037 QLD, 4108 Email: [email protected] Web: www.yarrowbuilding.com.au
Brisbane North Region
Darben Constructions 113 York Street Ph: 07 3256 6044 NUNDAH Mobile: 0411 702 500 QLD, 4012 Fax: 07 3256 6066
Gibson Bros Plumbers 18 Mayneview Street Ph: 3369 4333 MILTON QLD, 4064 Fax: 3369 9536
J and D Contracting PO Box 53 Ph: 07 3205 1971 STRATHPINE QLD, 4500 Fax: 07 3205 5113
Mascotbridge Pty Ltd Suite 11/ Country Traders Ph: 07 3289 1884 Cottage Carpentry 222 Mt Glorious Road 07 3289 2884 (A/H) SAMFORD Fax: 07 3289 1224 QLD, 4520 Email: [email protected]
S.R. Building 9 Willard Street Ph: 0411 877 497 TIVOLI Fax: 07 3281 2586 QLD, 4305 Web: www.tobuild.com.au/srbuilding
Tadgell, Chris 42 Hansen Rd Ph: 07 3289 1157 SAMFORD QLD, 4520
Large home modifications This is a list of registered builders who have experience in large home modifications for people with disabilities. Jobs performed include building ramps and constructing wheel chair accessible bathrooms and kitchens. Please check any builder’s registration numbers prior to engaging in any work contracts.
Prices vary based on the services required. Contact details are as follows:
Brisbane South Region
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Bathman 88 Main Ave Ph: 0418 192 222 BALMORAL 07 3899 2468 QLD, 4171 Fax: 07 3395 6969
Bond Carpentry 6 Lovell Court Ph: 0412 001 276 SINNAMON PARK Fax: 07 3715 5878 QLD, 4073
Chappel Quality 7 Wisteria Street Ph: 07 3800 5047 Homes REGENTS PARK 0412 784 242 QLD, 4118
Daniel Ng and Suite 25 "Dennis Court" Ph: 07 3808 6878 Associates Pty Ltd 8 Dennis Road Fax: 07 3808 7050 SPRINGWOOD QLD, 4127
Disability 33-37 Daniel Court Ph: 07 3297 5328 Modifications GREENBANK 0418 782 118 QLD, 4124 Fax: 07 3297 5768 Email: [email protected]
Diverse Building 49 Luke Road Ph: 07 3299 7109 Services BUCCAN QLD, 4207 Fax: 07 3299 7117
Group Training 37 - 43 Commercial Drive Ph: 07 3806 1120 Australia [Brisbane] SHAILER PARK Fax: 07 3806 1125 QLD, 4129
Household and PO Box 3192 Ph: 07 3272 4377 Property Maintenance SUNNYBANK SOUTH Mobile: 0419 736 462 QLD, 4109 Fax: 07 3272 3382
Kayhan Pty Ltd PO Box 644 Ph: 07 3344 4435 SUNNYBANK 07 3344 7426 QLD, 4109 Fax: 07 3423 7167 Email: [email protected] Web: www.kayhan.biz
Mascotbridge Pty Ltd Suite 11/ Country Traders Ph: 07 3289 1884 Cottage Carpentry 222 Mt Glorious Road 07 3289 2884 (A/H) SAMFORD Fax: 07 3289 1224 QLD, 4520 Email: [email protected]
Maxiqual Enterprises 4/6 Vanessa Blvde Ph: 07 3808 8544 SPRINGWOOD Fax: 07 3808 8344 QLD, 4127 Email: [email protected]
S.R. Building 9 Willard Street Ph: 0411 877 497 TIVOLI QLD, 4305 Fax: 07 3281 2586 Web: www.tobuild.com.au/srbuilding
Tallon, Greg 29 Sandringham Street Ph: 0419 704 140 MANSFIELD QLD, 4122 Fax: 07 3343 2208
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Terrill, Philip 68 Raelene Tce Ph: 07 3208 0412 SPRINGWOOD Fax: 07 3208 0412 QLD, 4127
Yarrow Building and 4A, 23 Richland Ave Ph: 07 3274 4178 Plumbing COOPERS PLAINS Fax: 07 3275 3037 QLD, 4108 Email: [email protected] Web: www.yarrowbuilding.com.au
Brisbane North Region
Bond Carpentry 6 Lovell Court Ph: 0412 001 276 SINNAMON PARK Fax: 07 3715 5878 QLD, 4073
Daniel Ng and Suite 25 "Dennis Court" Ph: 07 3808 6878 Associates Pty Ltd 8 Dennis Road Fax: 07 3808 7050 SPRINGWOOD QLD, 4127
Mascotbridge Pty Ltd Suite 11/ Country Traders Ph: 07 3289 1884 Cottage Carpentry 222 Mt Glorious Road 07 3289 2884 (A/H) SAMFORD QLD, 4520 Fax: 07 3289 1224 Email: [email protected]
S.R. Building 9 Willard Street Ph: 0411 877 497 TIVOLI QLD, 4305 Fax: 07 3281 2586
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Building Services Authority Queensland The Queensland Building Services Authority is a Statutory Authority established under the Queensland Building Services Authority Act 1991.
Dispute Resolution Service The objective of the service is to regulate the building industry by ensuring maintenance of proper standards. They provide remedies for defective building work and aim to resolve disputes efficiently. This is achieved through the Dispute Management Division, which provides information and assistance in dealing with disputes between consumers and contractors regarding defective or incomplete building work.
If negotiations between you and your builder or trade contractor break down, and rectification work is not completed, there are options and procedures for resolving your dispute. Firstly, you must convey your concerns in writing to your building contractor, giving them a reasonable amount of time (approx 14 days) in which to address the matter. Date, sign and keep a copy of your letter for records. If attempts to reach an amicable solution with your builder break down, contact your nearest BSA office. You may have to complete a Complaint Form which is available from any BSA office or the website (address listed below).
The second stage may involve an inspection of the work by a BSA building inspector or an independent consultant to identify the extent of defective work. The BSA uses discretion at this point and may direct the contractor to rectify the individual items of defective work or attempt alternate dispute resolution procedures.
More Information Brisbane Office 11 Edmondstone Street South Brisbane QLD 4101 Telephone: 3225 2800 Fax: 3225 2999
The Authority also has offices located at the Gold Coast, Sunshine Coast, Toowoomba, Rockhampton, Mackay, Townsville and Cairns. Contact details for each office is available from the website: www.bsa.qld.gov.au
HACC home modification services Home and Community Care Home Modification Services are funded through the joint Commonwealth/State Home and Community Care (HACC) Program, which is administered by Queensland Health.
The Department of Housing manages and administers eight Home Modification Services. The HACC Home Modification Services provide information, assessment, project management and/or financial assistance with larger home modifications, such as ramps and bathroom adaptations. The range of services provided include: • Initial home assessment; • Occupational therapy assessment; • Arranging preparation of building plans and specifications; • Cost estimation; • Project coordination of building modification; • Post modification assessment; and • Referral and information.
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Eligibility Older and frail persons as well as younger persons with moderate, severe or profound disabilities, who need support with home modifications to prevent premature or inappropriate long term residential care into a hostel, nursing home or similar institution, and the carers of those persons.
More Information (Please note: Home Modification Services are not available in all parts of Queensland)
Brisbane North 3254 0355 (Saint Michael’s) Brisbane South 3338 9044 (Brisbane South Home Modification Service) Rockhampton 4922 3301 Barcaldine 4651 2187 Charleville 4654 1307 Toowoomba 4632 3233 Ipswich 3810 6662 Mackay 4963 2740 Maryborough 4123 2234 Redlynch 4039 9780 Gold Coast 5594 7890 Sunshine Coast 5476 6130 Townsville 4727 9000
Home care Home care is a service where home care workers provide help with dishwashing, laundry, ironing, shopping, bill paying, cleaning, cooking and other household chores. They also provide help with personal care, which includes help with bathing, dressing, grooming etc.
The home care service is provided by the Home and Community Care (HACC) Program in Queensland and is generally free or is a small cost. It aims to provide support services for frail aged people, younger people with disabilities, and their carers, in their own homes. However, if a person shares a home with a person without a disability they are not eligible for this service.
The home care service can be accessed through your local Community Health Centre or other service providers such as Blue Care and St Luke’s. An Occupational Therapist will assess the amount and type of assistance required. Community Health Centres can be found in the White Pages under ‘Queensland Health’. If you have any queries contact the HACC enquiries line on 3234 0340.
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PART 3: AREAS FOR MODIFICATION
There is an international trend towards Universal Housing concepts, which involves designing, building and modifying homes to promote freedom of access and independent living for all people, regardless of their abilities (see www.design.ncsu.edu/cud). This section draws upon universal design concepts and is to be used as a general guide when building a new home or renovating an existing home.
Australian standards The Standards serve to provide minimum design requirements to enable access for people with a broad range of disabilities. The standards do not offer a simple formula that can be used for any person in all homes. Building and modifications need to be customised to an individual’s current and future needs. An occupational therapist can provide you with assistance to ensure the home is designed to be easy to live in and navigated by all. This will benefit all occupants and visitors to the home. Please refer to the relevant Australian Standards to assist you in establishing basic design criteria. • Design for access and mobility: AS1428 Parts 1-3, and • Adaptable Housing: AS 4299 See Standards Australia's website: www.standards.com.au.
Wheelchair dimensions
The Australian Standards are based on average manual wheelchair dimensions. The dimensions of different types of manual and electric wheelchairs vary.
This must be considered when undertaking any building or home modifications to ensure free access to all essential areas of the house without assistance. For example, electric wheelchairs are considerably larger than manual wheelchairs and require more space to manoeuvre.
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EXTERNAL ACCESS
A home built on a level block of land with minimal slope or steps is best. Consider the homes proximity to local community resources such as shops, health services and transport facilities.
Driveway and kerbs The driveway should be designed to permit a driver to have good road visibility in both directions. Wheelchair access is required from the street or footpath to the home. Rollover kerbs are preferable to kerbs of a 90 ° angle.
Garages and carports The garage or carport should be located close to the home with direct access to the entrance via a door (if attached to the home) or a covered, level pathway. This is to protect all users from exposure to weather and in some instances enable access to homes. For example, for homes with steep driveways car transportation is the only means of increasing a home’s accessibility. Protection from rain is particularly important for electric wheelchair users as the controls must not be allowed to get wet.
Remote controlled roller doors are easy and safe to operate. Automatic garage doors are convenient and save people getting in and out of their cars to open the garage door. This is especially handy for adults who are often alone in the car. Manual tilt and lift doors are preferable to manual roller doors for ease of use.
Suppliers: Automatic garage doors or gates, Remote Control Unit and Installation Package - standard cost $800 - $1200. Costs vary based on size, brand and length of warranty. • Action Automatics and Garage Doors. Ph: (07) 3289 4565 • B & D Doors. Ph: (07) 3271 2500 • Domestic Queensland Roller Doors. Ph: 1800 814 020 • Gold Coast Door Centre. Ph: (07) 5535 5100 • Noosa Garage Doors Pty Ltd. Ph: (07) 5474 4144
A garage or carport should be large enough to allow car doors to be fully opened without hitting any walls or posts. This will allow adequate room for all people to get in and out of cars with ease. The amount of space required will vary based on the type of chair used and whether it is transported on top of or inside the car. In general, a minimum 3500mm width permits a wheelchair user to park and complete a car transfer comfortably. Garages require extra roof height (2500mm) to accommodate vehicles with wheelchair hoists that are located on a car roof or vehicles with a raised roof to accommodate electric wheelchair users. Additional width is recommended for easy side-transfers.
Finally, position the electricity fuse box at an easily accessible height and location within the garage.
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Pathways All pathways should be accessible to the letterbox, rubbish bin, clothesline and carport or garage. In general, they should: • Be free of steps • Have slip-resistant surfaces • Be reasonably flat with adequate drainage • Have a smooth transition between different surfaces or slopes • Have adequate lighting
Paths should have a gradient of 1 in 20 for wheelchair or walking aid use. This means that for every 10cm of height, 2m of path is required.
Paths should be at least 1200mm wide, have well defined edges or have a high contrast finish with adjoining ground surfaces.
Ramps Ramps can provide access to homes with steps or steep levels. Their location is important and should be carefully discussed with family members. Ramps can be built as permanent fixtures or temporary structures.
If ramps are required, they should meet the following guidelines: • WIDTH: At least 1200mm wide, measured at the narrowest point
• GRADIENT: No steeper than a 1-in-14 gradient to aid wheelchair or walking aid use. This means that for every 10cm of height, 1.4m of ramp length is required.
• LENGTH: Ramps should not exceed 6m without a level area. Longer ramps require landings 1.2m square every 6m and at the top of the ramp, otherwise they become too steep and require too much physical effort by the user.
• RAMP SURFACE: The surface should have a good grip in hot and dry weather as well as in wet conditions. A good way to increase the grip on concrete is to use a brushing effect on concrete whilst it is still fresh. This brushing technique gives more grip than the usual trowelled finish.
• RAILS: Handrails should be fitted at a height between 865mm and 1m for safety.
Different models can be fitted with components such as straight sections, landings and handrails.
Australian Ramp Systems produce a reusable modular steel and aluminium ramp system comprised of prefabricated sections that are assembled on site by licensed builders or other skilled tradespeople.
The components are treated to resist weathering and the floor of the ramp is aluminium checker plate to provide slip resistance. The ramps can be dismantled, stored and relocated as they are designed for strength, stability and long or short-term use.
These ramps are manufactured by River Abilities in Albury New South Wales. Chris Lok from Disability Modifications is the Queensland distributor for Australian Ramp Systems. Ph:
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(07) 3297 5328 or mobile 0418 782 118. Prices range between $550 and $675 per linear metre installed.
There are several other alternatives to constructing fixed ramps to access higher levels such as porches, steps and levels at home. The following list provides some ideas on what is available, in approximate order of least to most expensive.
Portable ramps • Portable ramps can be used over short grades or as a temporary fixture, for example, when renting or awaiting funding. These are ramps that can be moved from place to place and can often be folded for storage. • Portable ramps come in various lengths, most are only suitable for two or three steps due to the gradient. According to the Australian standards (AS 1428.2) kerb/step ramps (1520mm. maximum length) the gradient should be 1:8 maximum. These ramps are available with two separate tracks so the wheels line up on either side, however this is unsuitable for a wheelchair where front and rear wheels are not aligned or 3-wheeled mobility devices. A one-piece ramp is able to account for this, but is often harder to lift and store.
Portable ramps with two separate tracks for a wheelchair.
Suppliers: • DECPAC Portable Wheelchair Ramp Sizes vary from: • 0.69 m in length - allows access over obstacles or steps up to 17.5cm high • 2 m in length - allows access over obstacles or steps 63cm high Price range: $275 - $1210; varies according to length and if an Edge Lip Barrier is purchased Available from: Apollo Medical and Surgical. Ph: 3358 5222
• Ez-Access Roll Up Ramp Sizes vary from: • 0.91 m in length to 2.44 m in length. The ramps can bridge a gap over one or two steps. Price range: $337 - 1070 depending on length. Available from: L & M Equipment. Ph: 3355 4577
• Check ‘disability supplies’ section of local newspapers and the Trading Post for second- hand ramps
Lifts Lifts are available if ramps are not a feasible option. Small sized lifts are an option for residential use however they are expensive and require space. Safety extras such as telephones often need to be fitted in case of breakdown. Lifts can be purchased with varying holding capacity. The weight of the client, the wheelchair or other equipment as well as the carer has to be considered when determining the lifts capacity required. The three main types of lifts are
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30 inclined platform wheelchair lifts for stair use, vertical wheelchair lifts up levels or portable wheelchair lifts.
Stairlifts with wheelchair platform
These are platforms that elevate up and down stairways, and can have a wheelchair taken up to various levels in the house. They require space on the stairway (approximately 1200mm width) to be used in a residential setting. When there is a curve, the platform lift can be adapted where room allows. The platform is able to fold against the wall to allow normal use of the stairs.
Suppliers: Master Lifts, Spring Hill. Ph: 3831 3119
Water Lifts These lifts operate off the normal household water supply and do not require power to run. The lifts are designed to travel short distances no longer than 3 metres or more than 2 levels. Level ground is essential for installation. You will need to contact a representative from a lift company to assess your property’s suitability.
Supplier: Aqualift Australia, Fortitude Valley. Ph: 3252 5146
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INTERNAL ACCESS
Circulation space An open-plan living design with wide hallways and doorways is ideal to allow for a wheelchair’s full turning circle. The most accessible home has generous open spaces and few passageways to maximise access between rooms and to outdoor areas.
Factors to consider: • The dimensions of the wheelchair • The mode of operation (electric or manually operated) • The storage of equipment items • Location of furniture • Who will be accessing the room?
Hallways The width of hallways and doors will depend upon the width of the wheelchair and the users skill level. The preferred hallway width is 1200mm. However 1000mm may be sufficient for people using standard width manual wheelchairs. For people who mobilise using wider or longer based wheelchairs, a wider width will be preferable.
Internal hallways and doors can be protected from bumps, scratches and dints using wall coverings or corner guards. Kick plates can protect doors from damage by wheelchair impact. There are a variety of products available.
Suppliers • Intrad Tri-Guards: Clear vinyl covering for walls and corners Available from Moodie Marketing. Ph: (07) 5578 1912 • Yeaman Shields Tri-Guards: Vinyl covering for walls and corners. Available from Acculine. Ph: (07) 5442 1744 or toll free 1800 021 144
Doors Doors may be needed for security, privacy, climate control and sound reduction. If doors are required, consideration must be given to the type and size of door, hinge and handles installed. The current minimum door width opening for access is 800mm (AS 1428.1) with a preferred width of 850mm (ie. door leaf required is 920mm).
There are different types of doors that can be installed within homes. For example, • Hinged doors • Sliding doors • Bi-fold and double doors • Automatic doors
Hinged doors Standard swing hinged doors that open inwards occupy a considerable amount of circulation space and can be difficult to operate from a wheelchair. A slow release hinge may be useful to install on doors that are too heavy or spring loaded. If hinged, the door should open outwards with a minimum width of 760mm.
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Sliding doors Sliding doors do not provide as much of a barrier to light, sound and smells as hinged doors that close securely into the doorframe. However, sliding doors minimise the circulation space occupied and are easier to operate for wheelchair users. The minimum recommended width is 850mm. It is important to remember that a fully opened sliding door provides a narrower opening than the width of the doorframe that it is placed within. Sliding door floor tracks can also create a barrier for wheelchairs. Consider overhead or recessed tracking so that the tracks are rebated and level with the floor. If this is not possible, small wedges can be fixed against each side of a track to raise the adjacent floor level.
Threshold ramps may also be purchased to overcome a door threshold and can be custom made to the height of a doorframe.
Sliding doors should be fitted with emergency access latches that allow the door to be forcibly opened in case of emergency.
Automatic sliding doors Automatic sliding door systems can be installed in homes to provide hands free control for people who have difficulty opening doors. The system automatically opens a sliding door then closes and locks after a programmable time delay. Activation of the door is achieved by pressing a wall mounted or hand held wireless remote or an optional numeric keypad for secure keyless entry. A proximity sensor that opens the door when the sensor comes within a certain distance can also activate it.
Supplier: Innotek Australia PO Box 765 Mudgeeraba Qld, 4213Ph: (07) 5530 7471 Fax: (07) 5525 1906 Email: [email protected] Website: www.innotek.com.au
Door handles Choose door handles that are easily gripped and operated with one hand. They should be mounted on both sides of internal doors at approximately 1000mm. These handles need to allow adequate grip and should not let a hand slip from the handle during operation. Sliding doors and hinged swing doors have different handle requirements.
Sliding doors should be operated with raised pull handles rather than recessed handles that are difficult to grip. A d-shaped pull handle with a minimum length 200mm is optimal for sliding doors.
Hinged doors require rotating handles. Lever handles with long levers and a ‘turned-in’ end are preferred to doorknobs. This is because they provide a better grip and can be opened with a small amount of effort.
Suppliers • Dalco Lever Door Handles cost $35 - $175 depending on materials. Contact the wholesaler for your local distributor: Ingersoll Rand Architectural Hardware. Ph: 3208 8900 Brisbane suppliers:
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• John Barnes, South Brisbane. Ph: 3844 1800 • Keeler Hardware, Windsor. Ph: 3852 4100 • Bretts Architecture. Ph: 3361 0540
Automatic opening doors For ease of access, automatic opening doors are an option to consider. These systems are expensive and may not be necessary for all wheelchair users.
Suppliers: • Edington Automatic Doors. Ph: 3394 3477. Prices from $2575 • Automated Disabled Access Systems. Ph: (07) 5476 6899 • Doormate Automatic Sliding Door System. Available from Innotek Australia. Ph: (07) 5530 7922. $599 + accessories
Flooring Slip-resistant floor surfaces are recommended in the kitchen, laundry, bathroom and toilet. Factors affecting slipperiness of flooring include
• Soft materials such as rubber or urethane are less slippery than hard surfaces such as ceramic • Porous surfaces such as concrete absorb water, while epoxy coated surfaces retain water. • Textured surfaces allows water to move out of the way of the contacting surfaces, and various textured finishes are outlined below. • Cleaning – a highly textured surface finish is hard to clean and eventually loses its texture due to the inability to remove dirt. • Some cleaning materials leave residuals that contribute to slipperiness of floors • All flooring materials wear with use and thus ‘polish’ the surface. Plastic beads cannot withstand heavy traffic, silica (sand) wears much better, aluminium oxide lasts the longest. Polyurethane elastomers have poor adhesive properties. Epoxies have excellent adhesive strength.
For wet locations, consider: • Slip resistant tiles (eg. Tilecraft) • Floorsafe anti-slip cleaner – cleans and sanitises ceramic, quarry tiles, marble, concrete, terrazzo and paved floors whilst making them anti-slip. Meets Australian Standards. Available from Floorsafe International. • Slip Grip works on the surfaces of tiles yet remains invisible. Designed for ceramic tiles. Available from good hardware stores. • PGH Pool Safe Pavers. • Vinyl flooring • Polyflor Slip Resistant Flooring with black silicon carbide granules (may attract dirt). Polyflor Australia Pty Ltd 1800 777 425 • Tarkett Slip Resistant Flooring. Tarkett Sommer Pty Ltd 07 3252 5885 • Spectrum Assurance Slip Resistant Flooring. From Capital Flooring Systems www.capfloor.com.au. Ph 07 3881 3701. • Armstrong Slip Resistant Flooring. Available from Andersons Carpets Statewide, and Armstrong World Industries 07 3420 6201.
For other locations within and outside the home, all floor surfaces must be suitable for unrestricted wheelchair use. Some carpets with a raised pile restrict wheelchair movement. Low-pile carpet, linoleum or tiles provide the least amount of wheelchair resistance when pushing a manual chair. Therefore for dry locations, consider: All materials suitable for wet conditions (above);
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Short piled carpet (<6mm); Smooth flooring materials without high gloss or slippery finish or which have been suitably treated.
Low pile, long-wearing carpets with a tight weave pattern are ideal and are easy to clean. Non-slip surfaces such as textured vinyl, non-slip tiles or other surfaces that comply with standards may be more suitable in some cases. For example, powered wheelchairs can damage carpet with frequent travel and turning.
Lighting
Inside lighting should be strong and consistent
Consider using security sensor lights for outdoor lighting .
Power Outlets and Light Switches Light switches and power points should be at a reachable height appropriate to the particular person. Rocker action, toggle or push pad switches with a recommended width of 35mm are preferred.
Large rocker switches are easy to operate and can be activated with an elbow or just with light pressure.
Switches should be placed 1000mm above floor level and a maximum of 100mm above bench tops. Place switches at least 500 - 600mm away from corners.
It is often useful to mount a 2-way switch within the same room. In the lounge, one switch may be at each entrance door. In the bedroom, one switch may be at the door and one switch within reach of the bed.
Supplier of rocker switches, power outlets, dimmers and fan speed controls: Clipsal Prestige Switch Series, available from most hardware stores. • Single PowerPoint: $18 - $20 • Double PowerPoint: $28 - $31 • Single light switch: $14 - $15
An alternative to rocker switches is the use of automatic light switch and security systems. These operate by switching on when movement is detected within a room.
Environmental control systems An environmental control system can be used to replace the standard on/off control of most electrical appliances and lamps that run off mains power. They operate at the level of domestic independence and seek to give users greater control over domestic appliances. As well as appliances, lights and infra red devices, environmental control systems can be used to control security systems, telephones, sprinklers, doors, curtains, electric beds and virtually any other device in a home that is electrically operated. They usually operate through infra red, X-10 or Radio Frequency (RF) technology.
Environmental control systems can vary considerably in the range of devices controlled; the base of control; the method of control available to the user; the feedback offered to the user
SBH Queensland and MontroseAccess – Home Modifications Booklet 35 and the methods of backup provided. These differences are important in linking the system to a person’s needs and capacities. It is important to discuss your individual needs with your occupational therapist.
Telephone A telephone is one of the most important means of keeping in touch with family and friends and may also be a method for calling for assistance in an emergency situation. Access for people with physical disabilities to telephone technology has increased significantly with a greater availability of hands-free telephones and automatic dialling systems.
There are 2 main different types of telephone. For example, • Push button telephones that may have a memory function where frequently used numbers can be called again at the press of one button. Some models have small buttons that are difficult to read and touch. • Cordless telephones are similar to push button phones but have smaller buttons. They are portable and can be carried around the house or garden area on a belt or in a pocket. This saves people from hurrying to move to the telephone to answer and can be extremely useful in the case of an emergency.
A telephone based emergency call system can be installed within a home as a safety feature. There are a number of different systems that can be purchased however most have similar features. They consist of a lightweight water resistant transmitter that is worn as a pendant on a neck chain, on the wrist using a wristwatch strap, or on a keyring. It is designed to enable people who are at home alone to call for assistance when required. When the button on the pendant is pressed, a radio signal is sent to the receiver unit which is installed beside the home telephone. The receiver unit then sends an emergency signal to a 24 hour monitoring centre. Staff at the centre will contact a relative, neighbour, doctor or the ambulance service according to your pre-determined emergency plan.
Suppliers These systems are available throughout Queensland. Some systems are for rental only, not to purchase. Long-term rentals usually incur an establishment fee as well as ongoing monitoring fees. Short-term rentals do not usually incur an establishment fee but the monitoring fee is higher, and paid monthly. • Vitalcall Emergency Call Systems 1300 360 808 • Tunstall 1300 760 333 • Safe At Home 1300 365 101
It is also possible to purchase a hands-free telephone, which has no need to hold the receiver. Calls can be answered from a distance by pressing a button on a transmitter worn by the person.
There should be provisions for telephone outlets in the bedroom and kitchen/dining areas. All telephone connections should be within 1000mm of a power outlet.
Supplier Telstra has a service to support people with disabilities. If you have a disability and are unable to use the standard telephone, Telstra's Disability Equipment Program may have a product to suit your needs. The program offers many ways to provide basic telephone access and help you stay in touch. Information in alternative/accessible formats, including forms, contracts and resource material about Telstra's products and services is available on request from Telstra's Disability Enquiry Hotline. For further information visit www.telsta.com or contact the Disability Enquiry Hotline on 1800 068 424.
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Windows Windows and screens should be able to be easily opened, with catches at a height convenient for the individual. People in wheelchairs need room to approach windows and operate the opening mechanisms. Avoid placing furniture or other obstacles in front of windows.
There are different types of windows that can be used in homes to promote the use of natural light. Sliding windows that pivot vertically are best however some models can be difficult to operate. The window opening and closing mechanisms should be easy to grip and operate with the use of one hand. Select large hardware and install the window controls at an appropriate height, no higher than 1100mm from the floor.
Avoid windows that open outwards and project into paths of travel.
If installing new windows, consider placing them at a lower level so that all occupants who are standing, seated or reclined are accommodated for. Place windows with a maximum sill height above the floor of: • 600 mm in bedrooms; and • 730 mm in living areas
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BATHROOM AND TOILET
Modifications in the bathroom and toilet are often required for people with poor mobility or people who require a wheelchair to mobilise. The extent of modifications is dependent on the level of function of the person with the mobility difficulty. For example, if they are able to walk however they fatigue after standing for long periods they may only require a shower chair or stool and a hand held shower hose to shower. However, if they can not walk they may require a mobile shower commode and will therefore require modifications that allow them to wheel into the shower and over the toilet. Therefore when doing bathroom modifications it is important to consider their current abilities and also their future abilities.
Whether you are planning a new bathroom or modifying an existing one several things need to be considered to ensure appropriate access to the bathroom. It is important to consider that bathroom modifications can take as long 2 weeks to 6 months to complete. Therefore it needs to be considered where the family will shower for that period.
Layout The layout of the bathroom depends on four main issues: • What features are needed in the bathroom (ie. shower recess, bath, vanity unit, hand basin, toilet and a door) • Size of the bathroom (ie. the space available) • Circulation space • What is already in the bathroom (ie. if you are modifying your own bathroom)
What do you need in your bathroom? It is not always possible to design a bathroom that will suit everyone and some compromises may need to be made. However, generally bathrooms modified to meet the needs of the person using the wheel chair will meet the needs of the other people in the household. For example, if no one in the household uses the bath then this can be removed to make more space for the person using the wheel chair.
Is your bathroom able to fit in what you need? The size of the bathroom limits what can be put in the bathroom. However, several strategies can be used to provide more space. For example, the shower recess could only have two fixed walls with no screens or hobs to create more circulation space. A door that swings in can be changed to a sliding door to create more space.
How much circulation space do you need? Adequate circulation space (ie. turning space for a wheel chair) is required to ensure that the person in the wheelchair is able to move freely around the bathroom and toilet. If possible, this may be done by combining the toilet and bathroom into one room by removing the wall between them. However, this may be inconvenient if there is only one toilet in the house. A central circulation space of approximately 1900mm x 2400mm is required in the bathroom to enable access to all areas of the bathroom.
How does what is already in my bathroom affect the modified layout? It is practical to keep what is already in the bathroom where it is for plumbing reasons. For suggested general layouts visit www.housing.qld.gov.au for information on ‘smart housing’. On the web-site there are examples of houses that are suitable for people of varying abilities. However, these layouts may not be suitable for your bathroom for the reasons discussed above.
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Doors The type of door and handle also needs to be considered. In order to provide more space in the bathroom a door that swings out from the bathroom or a sliding door may be more appropriate. See section on internal doors for more details. For safety it is important to have a lock which can be opened from the outside. Handles need to be easy to manage if the user has weak arms and hands. Levers type handles are usually better than round turning handles.
Walls and flooring To ensure safety it is suggested to remove mats in the bathroom. It is suggested to have non– slip flooring in the bathroom. See section on non-slip flooring (p 34) for more details. If you are going to have a shower without screens it may be useful to have walls that are waterproof because of the greater area exposed to water. A flexible waterproof, vinyl wall covering that can be used as wall protection in shower/bath areas or generally indoors is available form flooring contractors and trades people. Supplier: Armstrong Wall Flex Wall Covering: available form MJS Floor Coverings on (07) 3849 4888. Cost is from $40-$45 per square meter installed and it is available in a range of colours.
Shower recess There are many different varieties of showers. Generally there are two types: a walk in shower and a wheel in shower. The walk in shower is where there is a hob that is stepped over to get in the shower. The wheel in shower is where there is a hob with a ramp or there is no hob. The wheel in shower is more accessible to people in wheel chairs.
The shower recess is best situated in the corner with at least two fixed walls and preferably not next to a window. If there is a door to the shower, it should be at least 800mm wide to allow shower commode chair access. The floor of the shower recess should have a minimum dimension of 1200mm x 1200mm. If there are no shower screens the floor should slope downwards to the drain to avoid pooling of water. The slope of the floor of the shower recess should have a gradient of 1 in 50. The drain should be situated in the centre of the floor of the recess.
Shower screen Option 1: Fixed shower screens Fixed shower screens are not usually recommended, as they usually require bottom tracks. However, there are shower screens available without the tracks that have a pivot or sliding door. The shower screens sit flush to the floor and are sealed with silicon to prevent leakage of water. The bottom of the door has rubber fittings to prevent leakage. They can be customised to fit any size. The Australian Standards (1428.1-2001) suggest that where there is a door it should be operable or removable from the outside in case of an emergency. The door should also open to a clear space. If you already have shower screens and your door is at least 800mm, the hob/track can be removed and a door with rubber fittings inserted.
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Shower glass screens: available from Kewco Products on (08) 8298 2555. Cost is from $425. Visit the web-site www.kewco.com.au to view products.
Pivotech Phoenix Sill-Less Shower Screen Doors: available from Shower Screen Logic on (07) 3889 7400. Cost is from $147-$218.
Option 2: Shower Curtain and Track The existing fixed shower screens can be removed and replaced with a shower curtain attached to a rail around the shower recess. The shower curtain should be longer than 1800mm and weighted in the bottom to prevent it from moving. The installation of the right- angled ceiling tracking should be 1800mm from the floor level. There are pros and cons to removing the shower screens. Removing the screens enables easier access and more circulation space. However, removing the screens may cause water damage to bathroom features, increase risk of falls and create more mopping work.
Mini Mono Shower Curtain Track and Custom Made Shower Curtain: customised shower curtain track suspended from the ceiling and the curtain is weighted. Available from Cardell Manufacturing on (07) 3358 3911. Price: P.O.A
Altrack Shower Rails: available from Bunnings Hardware, Mitre 10, True Value Hardware Stores, Reece Plumbing Centers and Tradelink Plumbing Supplies (check Yellow Pages for nearest retailer). Five sizes available and cost is from $109-$176. Shaw Extra Long Shower Curtain: curtain is 2130mm long and 1800mm wide. Available from Wyatt Agencies (07) 382 8858, cost is $34- $36.
Shower floor There are several ways the shower recess can be modified to create a wheel in shower.
Option 1: Full Shower Floor/Shower platform This option requires the least modification. It is where a shower platform is inserted in the shower, level with the hob and a small ramp is put at the shower door to allow wheel in access. There needs to be enough room to accommodate a shower commode chair. The platform can be made out timber or marine ply. This option is useful for people that are renting or require a temporary solution. Available through:
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• Home Assist Secure: need a referral from an Occupational Therapist. If any queries ring a HAS service and refer to numbers provided in services and organisations section. • Small home modifications: refer to the section on small home modifications for a list of contractors. • Morris Surgical (Brisbane): will manufacture the shower platform and the ramp. They require the dimensions to be faxed to them for a quote. Contact on (07) 3357 5944. • Excellent Ramping Systems: individual blocks of ramp can be built up to create the required ramp or platform height. Available from Remed on (07) 3348 5901 or contact by email: bhoughton_remed@bigpond
Option 2: Stepless Shower Base The shower screens and hob is removed and replaced with a premoulded fibreglass shower base that is installed flush with the surrounding floor. Therefore no ramp is required. The base is manufactured with a slope that leads down to the drain. It can be installed by the supplier, handyman or builder. It comes in eleven sizes or it can be custom made. It is recommended that a slip resistant surface used with the base. It is quicker and easier to install than casting a concrete self-draining floor.
Stepless Shower Base: available from Disability Modifications on (07) 3297 5328. Cost is from $509- $1077.
Option 3: Hobless Shower Base This is a synthetic china prefabricated shower base that is fitted into the preexisting shower. It does not require any recessing and it can be fitted into the shower so that it is level with the hob. There are seven sizes available and it is supplied as a kit for a plumber to install.
Sirama Hobless Shower Base: available from Sirama on (02) 9769 0800. Cost is from $190- $371.
Option 4: Shower Tray The preexisting shower screens and hobs are removed and replaced with a shower tray, which is fitted on top of the floor. It is a premoulded fibreglass tray with a 60mm built in ramp. They have a built in slope down to the centrally located drain. The tray is non-slip and comes in a variety of shapes and sizes. It can be installed by a tradesperson.
Wheelchair Accessible Shower Tray: available from Ramp Trays on (07) 4125 5755. Cost is from $445- $495.
Hand-held shower hoses A hand shower with a flexible hose should be installed to allow the person in the shower commode chair to shower independently. It is also easier for a carer to use when assisting
SBH Queensland and MontroseAccess – Home Modifications Booklet 41 with showering. However, the shower hose needs to be well controlled to avoid spraying of water onto floors, bathroom fixtures and electrical points.
There are many different types of hand held shower hoses with different features:
Height: The hose can be set at a fixed height (ie. with a wall bracket) or an adjustable height (ie. with a sliding attachment on a vertical rail). If the shower hose is to be set a fixed height, it needs to be set at a height that the person in the commode chair can reach. This height may not be convenient for other people in the household. Therefore the adjustable shower hose is more useful as it can be moved from a height of 900mm to 1900mm and is reachable for everybody.
Length and type of hose: The hose can come in many lengths therefore before buying it is important to determine what length is needed. Also the hose can either be made out of nylon or metal. The hand piece also can be made of nylon or metal. Nylon is generally lighter than metal, which may be an advantage to the user.
Adjustment of water pressure: The water pressure can either be adjusted at the shower taps or via the showerhead. The water pressure can also be adjusted to varying levels of fine to massage strength.
Another feature to consider: There is the option of a fingertip control to turn of the water flow, which is useful for people that find it difficult to turn the taps. There are also shower hose systems available for houses that use tank water. Using a thermostatic mixer tap may be useful to have in conjunction with the shower hose for safety. Refer to section on thermostat taps.
Suppliers: • Argent Hand Shower Set (Grohe): includes stainless steel slider/grab rail and a 1500mm flexible hose. Cost is from $229 and its available from Argent Australia on 1300 364 748, Tradelink Plumbing Supplies, Plumbtec (see White Pages for nearest store).
• Parahealth Hand Shower : is available in three models: standard, on/off (press on/off button on the head to control water) and pulse (soft spray or massage shower). It is lightweight with a hose of 2000mm and is either mounted on a stainless steel slider/grab rail or an angle adjustable wall bracket. Cost is from $110- $200 and its available from Flexispray on 1800 035 330.
• Hansa Star-Safe Healthcare Shower Set : includes slider/grab rail and a 1600mm flexible hose. Cost is $250and is available from Starion Industries on (07) 3630 6800 and Tradelink Plumbing Supplies (see Yellow Pages for nearest store).
It may also be possible to attach the shower hose directly to the spout. This is a less expensive option, as major modifications are not required. Available from:
• A & M Henry Hand Shower with Screw tightened Adapters : cost is $37- $56 and it can be purchased from A & M Henry on 1800 243 679.
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• Hand Shower with Screw Tighteners : available from Mitre 10 (see White Pages for nearest store).
When installing a hand held shower hose, it is important to consider the electrical safety. There are Australian Standards (AS 3000:2000, Amendment 3) that need to be met when installing a hand held shower hose in the shower or bath. A partition is recommended whether it is a screen, door or curtain for safety reasons. If there is a partition in place a hand held shower hose can be installed as long as there is no general power outlet or light switch with in 600mm of the barrier.
Shower seats and mobile shower commodes Shower seats/chairs are useful for people who are mobile but who fatigue quickly. They can conserve their energy by sitting. In combination with the seat a hand held shower hose is usually used and grab rails if needed. When buying a shower seat it is important to consider the size, cost, physical support required, ease of use for the user and the family members, room in the shower and the ability to transfer.
Option 1: Wall mounted shower seats They are suitable for multi-users and take minimal space as most fold away. They are available as follows:
Dalco Fold Away Shower Seat: wall hung, folding shower seats available in a variety of materials including aluminium, timber and clear acrylic. Come in a range of sizes and accommodate a range of weight. Cost is from $275. Available from Tradelink Plumbing Supplies (see white pages for nearest retailer).
Hand Rail Industries Folding Shower Seats: wall mounted fold up shower seats in a variety of styles and sizes. Some models have support legs, which extend to the floor. Other models do not have legs, which enables them to be installed at any height. Cost is from $245 - $655 and is available from Bunnings, Mitre 10 and Tradelink Plumbing Supplies (see white pages for nearest retailer).
Option 2: Shower chairs These are plastic stationary chairs that are suitable for showers as they have non-slip feet. A chair with armrests can assist people to get on and off more easily. Ensure the chair is the correct height for the person to get on and off (ie. the edge of the seat should be level with their knees). Most shower chairs come in a range of models to suit different sizes and with or without drainage holes.
Auscare Shower Chair: is a plastic contoured seat with drainage holes in the seat and back. It is available in one model with height adjustable legs and arm rests. Cost is from $79-$95 and is available from Harban Surgical on (07) 5500 5109 and Disability Solutions Australia on (07) 3808 8166.
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K-Care Shower Chair : moulded plastic shower chair with large drainage holes available in a variety of models. Available with height adjustable legs and arm rests. A special wide model is also available. Cost is from $91-$175 and is available from L & M Equipment on (07) 3355 8000.
Plastic Shower Chairs: are available from most chemists. See yellow or white pages for nearest chemist.
Option 3: Mobile Shower and Commode Chairs A mobile shower/commode chair is a wheelchair, which may be used in the shower, over the toilet, or with a pan fitted under the seat as a commode chair. These allow the person with the mobility difficulty to be wheeled directly into the shower (if the shower is wheelchair accessible) or over the toilet. Therefore they are useful for people who have difficulty with walking into the shower or transferring onto a toilet.
There are two main types available: • Attendant-propelled chairs: have four small castors and handles at the back of the chair to allow a parent/carer to push. The brakes are fitted to the castors. • Self-propelled chairs: are fitted with two large rear wheels, which allow the people to push themselves. Brakes are fitted to the frame.
Mobile shower and commode chairs have many features to choose from. Frame: • Stainless steel (rust resistant). • Mild steel epoxy-coated or chromed. • Pre-zinc dipped to retard corrosion. • Plastic • Folding (for easy storage) or non-folding (usually cheaper) • Range of widths and heights
Castors: • Brakes on front or rear castors. • Brakes on all four castors. • Track locks on front or rear castors
Wheels: • 500mm or 610mm diameter • Solid or air pumped tyres • Push rims
Seat: • Solid (eg. made of fibreglass or plastic) or padded seat (eg. foam covered in vinyl) • Open seat (ie. opening at the front of the seat to allow easier access for cleaning) • Closed seat (ie. no opening at the front of the seat, which is easier for transfer) • Full round hole (for commode use) or no hole • Range of sizes or customised seats • Height of clearance under seat for use of toilet
Armrests: • Fixed for standing transfer. • Removable or swing away for side transfers • Padded armrests
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Footrests: • One-piece footrest that slides under frame of folds upward. • Swing away detachable foot rests (for easier transfers) • No foot rests • Leg rest extensions
Not all mobile shower chairs can be used over the toilet. It is important to check the specific size and style. According to the Australian Standards (1428.1-2001) most toilets are height of 460-480mm and a width of 400mm. It is recommended that you trial the chair over your existing toilet to ensure good fit.
Glide Mobile Shower/Over Toilet Chair: stainless steel frame with arm and foot rests. Available in self-propelled, attendant-propelled, non-folding and folding models. A child/junior version is available, with a customised seat on the standard adult size frame. Cost is from $740 - $1308 and is available from Apollo Medical on (07) 3633 5888.
Thompson Mobile Shower/Over Toilet Chair: non-folding or folding model and self- propelled or attendant propelled model available. Swing away arm and leg rests. Padded, vinyl covered seat. Cost is from $911 - $1159. Available from Apollo Medical on (07) 3633 5888.
K-Care Mobile Self Propelled Shower/Over Toilet Chair: stainless steel, self draining fibreglass seat, backrest, swing away removable foot plates, swing up armrests and large diameter rear wheels. Also available in a folding model and a range of sizes. Cost is from $1103 - $1363 and is available form L & M equipment on 07) 3355 8000.
The Queensland Government Medical Aids Subsidy Scheme (MASS) may agree to pay for all or part of these aids for eligible people. An Occupational Therapist can arrange trial of them in the home and apply for these aids through MASS. They are also available for trial from some major pharmacies, though there may be a cost.
Baths Baths or showers over baths are difficult to transfer into for people who have impaired mobility, strength or endurance. Many people remove the bath and replace it with a shower recess. Refer to section on showers for options. However, if the option of removing the bath is not possible or desirable, there are alternatives available.
Option 1: Non-slip Flooring and Grab Rail This option is useful for people that are able to transfer into the bath however they require some support to help with balance. Refer to section on non-slip flooring (p. 34) and grab rails for details.
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Option 2: Bath Boards, Seats and Transfer Benches This option is useful for people who are have difficulty transferring in and out of the bath. A hand held shower hose is required for the person sitting on the bath board. See section on shower hoses for more details.
Bath Boards and Seats The bath board is fitted across the top of the bath and the person can sit on the board to bathe. The bath board can be combined with a bath seat, which is placed inside the bath to enable the person to sit down in the bath. A swivel seat on a bath board is also available for ease of transfers and a backrest is also optional to provide more support. The board can be made out of timber or slip resistant plastic.
The bath needs to have level edges all round to support the bath board. The height of the wall of the bath should be a minimum of 480mm to allow the person in the wheelchair to transfer safely. However, there are raised bath boards or height adjustable transfer benches available for baths that are too low for transfers.
Medeci Bath Board: plastic slatted bath board with brackets that adjust under each end of the board to fit it to the inside width of most baths. Available in three widths. Slip resistant pads. Cost is $72 and is available from Disability Solutions on (07) 3808 8166.
Homecraft Ascot Combined Board and Seat System: padded bath board, which fits across the top of the bath as well as a padded in-bath seat with a cut out and a built in backrest. This system can assist a person with reasonable arm function to transfer up and down into the bath water, by providing two levels. Cost is $478 and is available from Morris Surgical on (07) 3357 5944.
Bath Transfer Bench Transfer benches have two legs outside the bath and two legs inside the bath. They allow a person with good upper limb strength to transfer along the bench. Some can be height adjustable or come with holders for a shower hose or a seat sliding mechanism for people with limited upper limb strength.
Guardian Economy Transfer Bench : slip resistant plastic or padded foam vinyl, backrest, suction feet, one rail and height adjustable. Comes in a range of sizes. Cost is from $231- $430 and is available from Disability Solutions on (07) 3808 8166.
Invacare Tub Transfer Bench : handrail, height adjustable legs, plastic or a padded vinyl seat and backrest. Cost is from $147 - $482 and is available from Morris Surgical on (07) 3357 5944 or Apollo Medical on (07) 3633 5888.
Option 3: Bath hoist Bath hoists can be used to transfer people into and out of the bath. The hoist can be fixed in place over the bath, on a mobile base or wall mounted. They tend to be an expensive option.
Lifecare Carexa Bath Hoist : electric bath hoist comprised of a seat with hinged side attachments for ease of transfer. The seat is attached to a vertical lifting inside the bath. The
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Arjo Autolift Bath Hoists : lifts the person into and out of a bath and allows the attendant to transport the person to the bath. Cost is from $2400-$4620 and is available from Arjo Hospital Equipment on (07) 3395 6311.
Homecraft Bathmaster : battery operated seat that sits inside the bath and has an electric lowering and raising function. This equipment is suitable for people who enjoy having a bath but are too big to be lifted in or out of the bath. It has four suction feet, removable padded seat and backrest. Suitable for rectangular or corner baths. Cost is $2992 and is available from Morris Surgical on (07) 3357 5944 and Surgical Synergies on 1800 659 385.
Grab rails Grab rails assist people to transfer safely on and off the toilet, to get in and out of the bath, to sit, stand and transfer safely in the shower recess. There are several types of grab rails and some are quite aesthetically pleasing. The bathroom basin, door, taps, toilet roll holder and towel rail are not suitable items to be used in place of a rail. Correct installation is important to ensure the effectiveness of the rail and safety of the person using the rail.
The positioning of rails depends on the needs of the person with limited mobility, the height of the user and the ability of the wall to support a rail and the requirements of the Australian Standards (AS1428.1-2001). Occupational Therapists can assist with the positioning of grab rails to best suit the person with the limited mobility. There are many features that need to be considered before installing a grab rail.
Base materials: • Different materials will suit different environments eg. plastic is suggested for showers and baths. Also cost will differ depending on the material chosen. • Mild steel is not recommended in wet areas as it may rust if the surface is chipped. Also steel tends to absorb heat and therefore may not be suitable for a shower. • Types of materials include brass, stainless steel, mild steel, plastic and aluminium.
Type of finish: • Stainless steel (with a satin or mirrored finish), chrome, epoxy coated and slip resistant. • Rails with a slip resistant finish are preferred in wet areas ie. showers and baths.
Construction: • There must be a clear distance between the inner side of the rail's handgrip and the wall, to allow for finger clearance and forearm support. (50 - 60 mm is appropriate). • There should be no obstruction to the hand gripping the rail along the top. • Grab rails must be thoroughly anchored by a tradesperson to meet safety requirements.
Diameter: • Needs to be comfortable and of a suitable size to allow an adequate grip for the user • Rail with a diameter of 30-40mm is recommended in the Australian Standards (AS 1428). • A smaller diameter 25 - 28 mm may be preferred for children and some adults.
Shower and Bath The grab rails need to be positioned depending on individual requirements. In general grab rails in the shower can help a mobile person who is unsteady on their feet to transfer into the shower safely. These grab rails are usually placed on the outside wall of the shower and one
SBH Queensland and MontroseAccess – Home Modifications Booklet 47 on the inside wall. Grab rails can also be used to help people get on and off a shower chair/wall mounted seat. These grab rails are positioned depending on where the seat is.
Toilet If a person is using a mobile shower or commode chair, grab rails are usually not required. If the person is using a wheelchair to access the toilet, one side of the toilet needs to be clear to allow room for transferring. Grab rails should be attached to the adjacent walls where possible. If this is not possible then floor mounted grab rails can be used where the walls are too far away from the toilet for grab rails or when the wall is not able to support grab rails.
Suppliers There is a large range of grab rails available in various materials, finishes and fittings. The prices vary greatly depending on length, width, design and materials used. The prices generally start from approximately $20. They are available from major hardware stores (see Yellow or White pages for nearest retailer), L & M Equipment on (07) 33554577, Morris Surgical on (07) 33575944 and Tradelink Plumbing Suppliers (see Yellow or White pages for nearest retailer).
Taps There are various types of taps and tap handles on the market - these include crystal, capstan or cross bar, lever tap handles and a number of taps with specialist applications such as automatically sensing the presence of hands and starting the flow or foot operated taps. When purchasing a tap it is important to consider the people who need to use the taps, cost of installation, ease of operation and ease of installation.
There are several different features of taps that also need to be considered: • Indicators for 'hot' and 'cold' • Taps with ceramic discs (ie. washer less, which reduces the amount of turn required to achieve water flow) • Available in stainless steel, brass, gold, chrome, colour finishes. • Seal valve system, which replaces washers and allow taps to be turned off without tightening and makes turning them on easier. • Lever handles for wrist or elbow operation • Spring-loaded taps (automatically return to off position) • Hands free sensor taps • Foot operated mixing valve • Knee-operated timed flow control
Generally lever taps are recommended as they are easy to operate, require little physical effort or grip strength and cab be operated by elbow, wrist, forearm or palm if needed. Lever handles are available as dual (one handle for hot and one handle for cold) or single mixers (on handle control hot and cold water). It is recommended that ceramic discs be installed to replace washers in both lever and regular taps. This will reduce the amount of turn required to operate the tap.
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Lever taps are available as follows: • Ram Lever Mixer Taps: range of single lever mixer taps for sinks and showers, which blend hot and cold water. Comes in one lever length of 150mm and a range of finishes. These taps can be customised to suit individual needs. Cost is from $99 - $241 and are available from Tradelink plumbing supplies and Reece Plumbing Centres (see White/Yellow pages for nearest retailer).
• Enware Lever Action Taps: range of lever action taps for use in wall or bench mounted positions. There are three lever lengths available and bold colour coding of the entire tap fitting is possible to emphasise the difference between hot and cold . Cost is from $97- $323 and are available from Enware Australia on 1800 671 864, Tradelink plumbing supplies and Reece Plumbing Centres (see White/Yellow pages for nearest retailer).
• Ceramic Discs: used to replace the washers are available from Mitre 10 (see White/Yellow page for nearest retailer).
Thermostat The installation of temperature control valves (ie. tempering valves) to regulate water temperature, which is compulsory in new homes, is also recommended where any renovation work is done.
There are a few options to control water temperature within the home. For example, thermostats can be designed to reduce the maximum heat of hot water going to the whole house or solely to bathroom outlets. The maximum temperature can be set from 35 – 50 °C and may be reset by the householder without requiring a plumber.
Thermostats are particularly useful for people with reduced sensation (for example people with spina bifida) as they protect the individual from burns due to sudden bursts of hot water or unpredictable changes in temperature. Available as follows:
• Safe-n Easy Hot Water Shut Down Valves: range of valves , which are applied directly to a shower or bath spout to prevent water over a certain temperature from flowing. Cost is from $31 - $38 and is available from Tradelink Plumbing Supplies (see White/Yellow page for nearest retailer).
• Safe-n Easy Adjustable Tempering Valves: valve fitted onto water pipes near the hot water system. Cost is from $113 - $134 and is available from BBC Hardware and Tradelink Plumbing Supplies (see White/Yellow page for nearest retailer).
Ventilation and lighting Ventilation is important to maintain body temperature, circulation and sensation.
Windows: should be easy to open and close for ventilation and temperature control. If the windows are high they may need to be operated by a remote control with in the reach of a person using a wheel chair. Or a ventilating fan may be used.
Extractor fans and heaters: should be installed if possible, as they are effective and easy to operate by using a switch. They also help keep the area dry therefore reducing the risk of infection. Some extractor fans are combined with lights, which may be useful.
Lighting: the safest way to handle overhead lighting is to wire it to a switch just outside the door. The switch should be horizontally aligned to the door handle for the person in the wheelchair to access easily. Refer to section on lighting for more suggestions on switches.
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Toilet In the home at least one toilet should be designed for the person with the mobility difficulty. If there is more than one toilet in the home you need to consider which toilet is frequently used by the person, has more circulation space and is more accessible. For wheelchair access and to provide more circulation space it is recommended that the bathroom and toilet be combined into one room where possible. If there is only one toilet in the home, the toilet should be in a separate room for privacy reasons. The toilet door should also be changed to open outwards and at least 950 mm of space is required beside the toilet for transfers.
Toilet modifications depend on the available space, position of the walls and the position of the toilet. Modifications also depend on whether the person with the mobility difficulty is: • able to transfer on/off the toilet independently but may require grab rails or an over toilet frame for support • using a mobile shower/commode chair to access the toilet • using a wheel chair to access the toilet.
Grab Rails and Over Toilet Frames: help people with a mobility difficulty to be independent with transferring on/off the toilet. The positioning and type of grab rails depends on several factors outlined in the grab rails section. For people who use a wheelchair one side of the toilet needs to be clear to allow the person to transfer. A horizontal rail may be fitted onto the wall closest to the toilet, to help the person pull their self across from the wheelchair onto the toilet. People who use a mobile shower commode may not need a grab rail.
Removable grab rails can also be fitted to the toilet cistern if the walls are not close enough to the toilet. However, these are not as sturdy as wall mounted grab rails. If there is limited room in the toilet a fold down grab rail can be mounted to the wall behind the toilet.
An over toilet frame assists people who have difficulty getting on/off the toilet. It has armrests and some have a raised toilet seat. It is an option that does not require any modifications made to the toilet.
Auscare Over Toilet Frame: is a corrosion resistant steel frame with height adjustable legs and slip resistant rubber feet. It has a raised plastic seat and is available in a wide model. Cost is from $85 - $129 and is available from Harban surgical on (07) 5500 5109.
A range of over toilet frames is available from most major pharmacies.
Raised toilet seats: enable people to get on and off the toilet more easily. It is a seat that sits on the toilet. They are available as follows:
Homecraft Savanah Raised Toilet Seats: seat with large front and rear cutouts to allow for easier personal cleansing. Available in three height sizes, and with or without a lid. Cost is
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50 from $96- $209 and is available from Morris Surgical on (07) 3357 5944 and Surgical Synergies on 1800 659 385.
Padded toilet seats: are used to help prevent pressure areas and skin breakdown if long periods of time are required on the toilet.
Cushie-Tushie Potty Seat: soft padded child sized toilet seat with an inner lip. It fits onto most standard toilet seats to reduce the aperture size. Cost is $25 and is available from Toys ‘R’ Us (see Yellow/White pages for nearest store).
A range of padded toilet seats is available from most major pharmacies.
Bidet Toilets: are useful for people with very limited upper limb function, as it enables them to clean themselves by operating a bidet. Fully plumbed bidets, which replace the toilet or less expensive removable models, are available.
Bodygenic Retrofit Bidet: is a stainless steel bidet unit that can be installed onto any existing standard toilet seat. It sprays cold water to cleanse the perineal area. It is operated by turning a capstan tap or a long lever handle. It also complies with the Australian Standards. Cost is from $280 - $430 and is available from Bodygenic on (02) 9150 4146.
Elio Micro Computer Operated Bidet: unit with a lid, which replaces a conventional toilet seat and fits most toilets. It features a panel on the right side of the seat with push button control of the front and rear spray jets, water temperature and heated seat. Cost is $1320 and is available from Together With Nature on (02) 9177 5221.
Hand basin The hand basins need to be accessible to the person in the wheelchair. Therefore the hand basin needs to be at the correct height and provide sufficient room underneath the basin to fit the person’s feet and legs. Also the person with upper limb impairment needs to be able to use the taps (see section on taps for details). Hand basins may be either wall mounted or set into a vanity unit. To provide wheelchair access to the basin, installation should comply with AS1428.1-2001 however the dimensions may need to be adapted to fit an electric wheelchair. In the home, the location of the hand basin and associated special requirements should meet the needs of the person using the wheelchair and if possible the other people living in the household.
Option 1: Wall mounted hand basin If the basin is partly set in the wall there are standards that need to be met. For a manual wheelchair, the basin should be wall mounted at 770 to 800mm above floor level and provide a minimum clearance of 640 to 650mm high underneath the basin. A toe recess (space for the feet) of 190 to 200mm is required. The pipes should not be in the required circulation space. Preferably the pipes should be concealed in the wall. However, if the pipes are exposed they should be insulated to avoid burns.
Taps should be easy to reach and use, with lever taps preferred. A distance of 300mm from the end point of the lever tap to the front edge of the basin is required. The plug should be easy to reach and use. It should be connected to or be part of the washbasin. Soap recesses can be a moulded part of the basin and can be one or both sides of the basin. The use of a soap dispenser may be an alternative option.
The need for a shelf or bench space should be considered. Some wall mounted basins may have a wide ledge on the side for use as a small shelf, and semi-recessed basins offer the opportunity for an extended vanity shelf.
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Option 2: Hand basin set in vanity unit
A wheelchair accessible vanity unit may be built to allow wheelchair access with footplates and knee space under basin. If both ambulant people and people who use wheelchairs are sharing the basin, a vanity bench with a compromise height of 820mm is suggested. The open area under the vanity should have a clearance of 680- 700mm by 750mm wide.
The vanity bench should be a minimum length of 1200mm and a minimum width of 510mm and a toe recess of 200mm by 200mm. Drawers at the side of the basin are preferred to cabinets as they are easier to open and retrieve things when in a wheelchair. If possible, the corners of the unit should be rounded for safety reasons.
If a mirror is to be used by people who are ambulant and people who use wheelchairs, it should be mounted so that the bottom is 950mm above the floor level. It can be tilted down by a 5 degree angle for the person using the wheelchair or it can be lower for children.
Recommended brands of hand basins include Caroma, Fowler, Rheem and Dorf. They are available from most major hardware stores and bathroom equipment suppliers (see Yellow/White pages for nearest retailer. There are also height adjustable basins available. Provided below are a few types of basins:
Caroma/Fowler Semi Recessed Basins: available in a range of sizes, colours and capacities. Price varies and is available from BBC Hardware and Tradelink Plumbing Supplies (see Yellow/White pages for nearest retailer).
Pressalit Care Adjustable Wash Basin Brackets: the brackets are attached to the wall, which allow vertical and/or horizontal adjustment of a basin. Adjustments can be made with a manually operated lever, with a locking lever/gas cylinder adjustment or with an electric motor. Price varies and is available from Enware on 1800 671 864.
Additional bathroom fittings When designing or renovating your bathroom, accessories are the finishing touch to personalise your new bathroom. You may choose to add a soap holder, soap dispenser, toothbrush holder, toilet roll and spare toilet roll holder, toilet brush and holder, shelving, towel rails, towel ring or robe hooks.
Some helpful hints to consider: • Soap holders should be recessed if possible to prevent injury at 1m above floor level • Soap on a rope is handy to prevent the slippery soap dropping • Towel rails can be replaced with grab rails where possible • Long handled sponges and brushes to wash hard to reach places including back, feet and legs. Available from L & M Equipment on (07) 3352 5600. • Consider purchasing an ‘indispenser shower organiser’. This device dispenses soap, shampoo and conditioner with the press of a button. $38 - $63. Available from Farley’s Bathroom Supplies on (07) 3356 8466 • Shelving suitable to be attached to grab rails could be purchased for storage of shower items such as soap and scrubbing brushes.
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KITCHEN
The kitchen area requires particular attention to design detail to suit the accessibility needs of all home occupants. The following suggestions are to improve the kitchen accessibility for everyone, with a particular emphasis on people with wheelchair mobility needs. Firstly, it is important to consider whether the wheelchair user requires full, partial or minimal access to the kitchen facilities. For example, a person may not have the physical abilities to prepare a meal for himself or herself or they may have someone complete meal preparation for them. Some people may only require partial access to the refrigerator and one bench for simple meal preparation and others may require full access to all kitchen facilities.
When designing a kitchen for a person who uses a wheelchair, consider the following dimensions: • Height of knee space required to allow them to sit comfortably at a work bench, sink or the stove
• Height of toe space to improve access to low cupboards and drawers
• Maximum work bench height that can be reached
• Persons reach range sideways, upwards and downwards to determine maximum shelf depth and heights
• Circulation or turning space should be at least a 1500mm diameter circle. If this amount of space is not possible when renovating, consider installing slim-line cupboards with broader bench tops to allow space under the bench for wheelchair manoeuvring. Similarly, if deeper toe recesses are provided, a 1400mm diameter circle may be sufficient.
• For wheelchair users, adequate knee space is necessary to permit access to the sink, workbenches and appliances. A minimum width of 750mm and height of 650mm is required for clearance of the knees. If a chair has armrests such as most power chairs, a minimum height of 750mm is required to manoeuvre the wheelchair under a bench or the sink.
Layout Efficient kitchens are usually designed around a work triangle. When designing a new kitchen, begin by considering the kitchen’s three primary fittings and their optimal location to enhance meal preparation. The refrigerator, cook-top and sink form an important ‘work triangle’. Incorporate these work areas into a kitchen arranged in an ‘L’ or ‘U’ shape to allow for sufficient access and circulation space.
L shaped kitchen : The dishwasher is located next to the sink and the refrigerator/freezer is located on the right side of the drawing (opposite the cooktop). A microwave is located next to the oven.
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U Shaped Kitchen : The refrigerator/freezer is located next to the cooktop. The dishwasher is located in the lower left portion of the drawing (dark x mark) and the built-in wall oven is located on the bottom right portion of the drawing (light x mark). A microwave is placed on the counter in between the dishwasher and oven.
Each kitchen layout has a number of strengths and limitations. For example, L-shaped kitchens make good use of corner space but the area can not easily be closed off to children. Similarly, U-shaped kitchens have extra storage facilities but may compromise the circulation space required for a wheelchair user.
A kitchen designed to maximise access to the dining and waste disposal areas of the home is optimal. Consider the use of an open-plan area with a combined kitchen and meals area. This can be as simple as adding a small table to the kitchen area, which can also be used as a workbench during meal preparation.
Incorporate a fire extinguisher and a fire blanket into the kitchen design, located near the cooktop, as this is where most kitchen fires originate.
Lighting A well-lit kitchen is easier to work in and clean. Install a number of lights, especially in front or above major work surfaces to prevent shadows from occurring. Consider the location of windows in the kitchen to maximise natural light and take advantage of any views present.
Flooring Recommended floor coverings for the kitchen include non-slip surfaces (see p. 34) suitable for use in an area that may be subject to occasional liquid spillage. The kitchen is a frequently used area of the home and the flooring must be durable, resistant to grease and easy to keep clean.
Please refer to the flooring section above for more information.
Benches Adequate counter space adjacent to each of the work areas (stove/oven, fridge and sink) is essential. Where possible, maintain unbroken work surfaces. This is particularly important between the sink and cook top to allow users to slide heavy or hot objects along the bench.
Work surfaces should be located at an appropriate height and depth. A standard bench height of 900mm is too high to be used comfortably by a person in a wheelchair. A lower bench height of 800-850mm is more suitable, however it may hinder access to ambulant users. When benches need to be used by multiple users, consider a compromised height of 820mm.
To solve the issue of multiple users, an alternative is to retain the standard bench height and install work surfaces at different heights. For example, pullout and retractable work boards on runners or adjustable height work benches at heights between 650 - 800mm. This will provide food preparation areas to a person in a wheelchair and maintain knee spaces to allow access beneath benches and food preparation areas.
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The preferred counter or bench depth is 600mm unless a person has limited reach or there are space restrictions. A bench depth should not exceed an individual’s reach to ensure they can grasp all objects and clean the entire surface.
Suppliers These designs can be produced and installed by a cabinetmaker. See Yellow Pages for cabinetmakers in your local area.
Storage Adequate storage space is essential. Suitable cupboards, shelving and appliance storage in the kitchen can make working in this area much quicker and easier.
Drawers and cupboards Consider how easy it is to access and operate drawers and cupboards. Drawers are more useful than shelves as the user can see all items stored. Storage drawers should be mounted on easy-glide runners with stoppers for easy use and to prevent the drawer opening too far. Deep drawers are particularly useful near the cooktop for storage of heavy pots and pans.
All storage should be no more than 600mm deep and 500 - 1000mm above floor level. Store frequently used items between knee and shoulder level.
Standard counters limit storage for wheelchair users and a significant amount of storage space may be lost when moving cupboards to increase knee space under work counters, especially the sink. To increase the amount of kitchen storage, fit doors with storage baskets attached to knee space areas. This can also serve to improve the appearance of knee space areas by hiding plumbing and wiring. Narrow or shallow shelving fitted above bench height does not interfere with the use of the bench and can be used for storage of small items such as mugs.
Where possible, avoid placing storage in corners as it is difficult to access even with revolving shelves. Corner units or cupboards should have bifolding doors with pullout semi- circular storage, revolving shelves or a swing out semi-circular carousel. This involves ½ round basket shelves that swing out with the door and slide further out of a track.
Pullout wire baskets are light to use and fit in most cupboards. A variety of brands are available from major department stores including Target and K-Mart. See White Pages for your nearest store location.
Mobile trolleys A mobile kitchen trolley unit is a useful option for storing frequently used items. They may be fitted with wire basket drawers or shelves. The top can be used as a work surface or alternatively, the trolley can be used as a means of transporting items eg When setting the table. When the trolley is not in use, it can be stored underneath a bench. Be careful not to overload the drawers with heavy items as the trolley may overbalance when the drawers are opened.
Pantry Pantries need to be spacious and easily accessed from the cooking area of the kitchen. There are a number of options for pantries including walk in or wheel-in, pull-out or shallow shelved pantry with adjustable shelves. A wheel-in pantry must have the flooring continuous with the kitchen floor. ‘U’ shaped shelving is recommended with shallow half doors with 180º hinges.
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Stepped shelves elevate the rear rows and make items stored there easier to find.
Pull-out pantries need to be fitted with heavy-duty extension runners.
Suppliers Pull out pantry accessible from either side with five height adjustable basket shelves. Price range: $435-$443. Draw runners for pullout surfaces. Prices from $5. Available from:
Hettich Australia 12 Cribb St Milton, 4064 Ph: (07) 3511 7555 Website: www.hettich.com.au
Hafele Australia stocks innovative storage solutions for kitchens. The company has a wide range of products including pull-out tables to add more bench space, convenient storage systems, built-in waste bins, kitchen railing systems to keep frequently used kitchen utensils close to hand and swing-up fittings to conceal appliances. Items can be purchased online from www.hafele.com.au or to order a catalogue, contact the Queensland head office.
12 Selhurst Street Coopers Plains Queensland, 4108 Telephone: (07) 3344 1533 Fax: (07) 3344 1770 Email: [email protected]
Cupboard and pantry doors Doors can be removed to enable easy access to cupboard contents. However, if doors are required it is best to use hinges that allow the door to open to 180º, as doors that only open to 90º may restrict access. Another option is to install ‘disappearing’ doors that slide back out of view when opened.
Door handles should be easy to grip. Refer to the Door Handles section previously discussed for more information. Magnetic or press release door catches can also be useful. High level cupboards and drawers should have door handles fixed at the bottom. Similarly, low level cupboards and drawers should have handles fixed at the top.
Sink The sink should be centrally located in the kitchen layout. It can be placed in a corner for good use of space. Regardless of the sink location, ensure there is adequate bench space on each side of the sink as well as a rubbish bin close by. Position the sink close to the front edge of the bench for ease of access to taps and at the same height as the nearby work and bench surfaces.
A standard kitchen sink used by ambulant people is likely to be too high. Access can be improved via the removal of cupboards and shelves from beneath the sink to provide an open space for knee access of at least 800mm wide. Plumbing and waste disposal should be redirected where possible so that knee space is not compromised. The underside of the sink
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56 should be covered with a panel to hide the plumbing from view and for insulation to prevent the risk of burns and scalds. Exposed pipes should be insulated or made from PVC.
Install a sink with a shallow bowl (150mm maximum) if possible. This will reduce unnecessary reaching into a deeper sink and provide a greater area underneath for knee space. If this is not practical, a large plastic bowl mounted on a block of wood may be useful. The bowl sits in the sink, and following dishwashing the water from the bowl is poured directly down the drain.
For sinks being used by multiple users, a compromise sink height may be determined or alternatively, an adjustable sink could be installed. Manually adjustable sinks that are fixed in place with bolts or mechanically adjusting sinks are available.
Waste disposal Electric in-sink disposal units are a useful way to reduce the amount of rubbish that has to be carried to an outdoor garbage area. Consideration needs to be given to the amount of knee space required as these devices occupy space under the kitchen sink.
Alternatively, a small bin that is separate to the main waste bin can be used for organic food wastes to be later distributed throughout the garden as compost.
Taps The faucet for the kitchen sink should be easy to operate to assist people with limited hand dexterity.
A single lever ceramic disk mixer tap that controls both the water temperature and the rate of flow is recommended. This is because rotating taps are difficult to operate with a weak hand grip.
Taps with retractable (pullout) hose fittings are useful for filling pans or jugs on an adjacent bench. The entire tap and hose unit must be installed. For people with limited reach, taps can be mounted to the side of the sink for easier access.
An instant boiling water tap can also be installed for convenience purposes.
See tap section in bathroom information for further details.
Appliances When choosing major appliances and equipment, consider the following features: • Height : Can shelves, handles and controls be easily reached? • Width : Does the appliance fit in the allotted space? • Door opening : Which side does the door open? Does it hinder access? • Location and type of controls : Where are they positioned on the appliance? Are they easy to use? • Cleaning : Is it self-cleaning? How easy is it to remove component parts for cleaning? • Energy : Is the appliance energy efficient? What are the running costs? • Noise : How much noise does the appliance make? • Warranty : What is the length and conditions of warranty? • Safety features : Are there basic or additional features? Child proof locks?
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Choice There are organisations that test, assess and compare products on behalf of consumers. One large and reputable company is the Australian Consumers' Association. They publish a magazine, "Choice" which contains many product reviews and comparisons of appliances. Copies of Choice magazine are available in local libraries around the state. Information and reports are also available on their website: www.choice.com.au - access is free for Choice magazine subscribers (or you can join on-line) but access for individual product reports have to be purchased for a small fee.
Energex Energy Institute The Energex Energy Institute does not sell appliances but they provide valuable advice and information on appliance selection. They have a large database on electrical appliances and can search on key features that may be relevant for individuals. Ph: 1300 360 209. Website: www.energexinstitute.com
Cooktops Installation of a separate cooktop unit and wall oven instead of a conventional stove allows for better access for wheelchair users, so they can closely approach the hot surface to safely position pots and pans. Each of these appliances can be placed at a convenient height for all users. Freestanding stoves with the oven under the cooktop are not easily accessible and are not recommended.
Energy for cooking Some people prefer gas appliances while others prefer electric devices. Generally, electricity is preferred to gas, principally because of accident hazards with naked flames and inadequate closure of valves. Cook tops are available in a range of surfaces including enamel, stainless steel, ceramic and toughened glass.
Electric cook top: • Radiant coil: Heats quickly, may be difficult to clean although it may be easier to determine when the element is ON. Some models come with removable spill bowls and elements for cleaning purposes. • Solid sealed: Easier to clean than radiant coil but retains heat once element is turned off. • Ceramic glass: Elements are located under the ceramic glass surface. This is easier to clean and allows pots to slide easily across the surface. Consider the durability when sliding pots. • Induction elements: Electric induction elements provide best cooktop performance, safe and efficiency. Unlike other electric elements, induction elements provide the precise temperature control of gas burners for gourmet cooks. Turning the dial down, the heat energy to the pan immediately decreases. Magnetic waves have no effect on skin or anything other than iron or steel. If the pan is accidentally removed from the cooktop by a child, no more heat is produced.
Gas cook top: These are available with continuous or individual trivets. It is easier to slide pots across a continuous trivet cook top surface. Gas cook tops are generally cheaper to run than electric. Consider the ease of ignition via press button, gas gun, automatic or push and turn dial.
Gas appliances reach a high cooking temperature quickly but use a naked flame, which increases the risk of fire. They also cool quickly and are less likely to burn if touched. In comparison, electric appliances have no naked flame but cool slowly so they are more likely to burn if touched than gas stoves.
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Chef gas cooktop with staggered (half moon) layout and controls located in front of the burners.
Cook tops should be level with adjacent work surfaces and generally positioned away from high traffic areas.
Layout A staggered or half moon layout avoids the need to reach over other elements to access rear elements. Power points must not be located in a position that requires any user to reach across a hotplate.
Controls The type and location of the cooktop controls is also important. The controls should be large and easy to manipulate with a cross bar and central markings. They should click in the OFF position and have a pilot light to indicate ON. Control knobs should be situated across the front or the side of the cooktop to avoid the need to reach over or between hot elements.
Installation Install the cooktop in a bench-top as close to the sink as possible to enable the easy transfer of heavy dishes to and from the sink. A knee space underneath is appropriate to enable the wheelchair user to get as close as possible to the cooktop, although the underside must be insulated to prevent burns of the lower limbs. Caution also needs to be observed when a cooktop does not have a lip to protect wheelchair users them from spilling hot liquids onto their lap.
A small mirror on a handle allows for easy checking of saucepan contents from a seated position. Alternatively, a wall-mounted angled mirror may be installed near the exhaust fan to improve in visually monitoring cooking.
Suppliers Cook tops are available as follows: • Chef stocks a range of cook tops includes ceramic glass element with staggered layout and controls at the front or side. Prices vary significantly depending on styles. Available from Chef Ph: 1300 363 640. Website: www.chefappliances.com.au There is a display centre in Brisbane or alternatively, Chef products are retailed through electrical appliance and department stores.
• Portable cook tops are also available as a cheap option if a cooktop is unsafe to access. Portable hotplates can be located at a height suitable for the user.
Available in single and dual types with solid plates, thermostat control and power ON indicator lamp.
Prices range from $99-$299, available from Harvey Norman. Check White Pages for store locations.
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Kitchen extractor fan Exhaust fans are important to prevent the accumulation of smells and moisture. They are usually located in a hood above the cooktop and contain task lighting. The switch for the extractor fan should be located preferably under the bench or at an easily accessible location.
Walloven A range of ovens is available with different methods of heating, sizes and finishes. For example: Conventional: A standard convection oven with no fan and an exposed element on the bottom. Some may have a top element for browning or grilling. These are sometimes difficult to clean if the bottom element is not hinged.
Fan forced: The heating element is located at the back of the oven around a fan. This fan circulates heat quickly and evenly, saving time and energy.
Multifunction: This allows you to use the oven with or without a fan and using a combination of fan and elements. Generally these types of ovens have the grill inside the oven, not separate.
Grill: Separate or in the oven. If separate, it may be above or below the oven. Note whether a handle is supplied on the grill tray. Ensure the back of the grill tray is accessible once it is pulled forward, to prevent burns to the top of the hands. When the grill is located inside the oven, the grill tray handle may become hot when the oven is in use.
Chef wall -mounted oven with side- opening door. These ovens can be installed at an appropriate height and allow easy access to the control panel.
The height of the wall oven should be such that the middle shelf is at the same height as the adjacent workbench or surface. A heat-resistant counter should be located near the wall unit to provide a rest for hot items from the oven. It is generally considered that ovens should not be located next to the refrigerator. Allow a knee space area beside the oven (on the side from which the door opens) for closer access.
Controls Oven controls should be positioned for ease of use and viewing. For a person in a wheelchair, this will usually be at the bottom of the oven. Large, easy to grasp knobs with central crossbars are easiest to operate. Touch controls and electronic programming are additional options.
Oven door A side-opening door improves access. Left and right opening doors are available and the choice will depend on the layout of the kitchen. The lowest edge of the door should clear the armrests of a wheelchair (760mm). Drop down and slide under doors are also available. Large D-handles are easiest to use to open the oven, especially as most ovens have a seal.
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Internal oven shelves should be pullout, non-tip and have stoppers to prevent them from falling out of the oven. A sturdy, pullout and heat-resistant shelf directly under the side- opening oven is useful to place hot dishes directly onto.
A self-cleaning oven may reduce the need for awkward positions and excessive housework for a person in a wheelchair.
There are different styles and models of wall oven available which have many different features in addition to standard cooking features. Generally, the greater number of additional features, the greater the cost. Some of these features include electronic programming, rotisserie, roast probe food thermometer, self cleaning ability (catalytic vitreous coating), eye level grill, audio temperature indicator and a built in exhaust system.
• Suppliers: St George Side opening Electrical Oven 180-degree hinges, left or right opening door. Fan forced and conventional cooking with push button electronic controls. Prices from $3699-$4799. Available from Kleenmaid, Ph: 3847 5011
• Chef stocks a range of upright, wall and bench top units with some side-opening doors. Ph: 1300 363 640 for local retailers
Microwave An option is to install a microwave with a convection capability on the counter. Microwave ovens cook food quickly and have side-opening doors for easy access. They are light and portable and can be positioned on an accessible shelf or bench top. Preparation and cleaning time are minimised, providing a useful appliance for people with a variety of difficulties in strength, energy, movement, sensation and memory.
Microwaves should be located at a height that enables the controls and turntable to be easily accessible. Allow knee space at the side on which the door opens for closer access if possible.
Dial controls that are easy to read and use are most suitable.
Allow bench space in front of the microwave by placing the appliance in the corner. This is so dishes can be slid out of the microwave and onto the bench.
Plastic microwave cookware is easier to lift and carry than heavier traditional cookware, although heatproof mitts should be worn when carrying hot items.
Suppliers: There are various different brands of microwaves that can be purchased from electrical sections of major department stores as well as stores such as Harvey Norman, Chandlers and the Good Guys. Prices start from $100. Check the White Pages for local stores.
Refrigerator Many regular household refrigerators are adequate for use by wheelchair users, although some are more suitable than others are due to the height and position of the freezer compartment. There are different styles of refrigerator available:
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• Two doors with freezer at top • Two doors with freezer at bottom • Two doors with freezer and fridge side by side • Small bar fridge Single door freezer
Compact side by side refrigerator and freezer units are a good option as they offer the most accessibility to fridge and freezer space at a central level. If a single-door refrigerator is required, consider the use of an upside down model fridge-freezer. The freezer compartment that is comprised of drawer units is located at the bottom making access easier to both compartments. Alternatively, a small bar sized fridge can be purchased for the storage of frequently used cold foodstuffs such as milk, margarine, cold meats and condiments.
Allow space alongside the fridge-freezer on the side from which the door opens for easier access.
The interior of the refrigerator should be easily accessed with good visibility of the contents of drawers and baskets. If there is an interior light, consider the ease of changing the light.
Shelves and storage drawers should be pullout, non-tip and at eye level. Shelves and baskets should be adjustable and easy to manage. Consider placing a turntable or lazy Susan on shelves to improve access to foodstuffs located deep in the refrigerator. Handles should be large and designed to be easily grasped. A vertically oriented, open handle is easier to grasp than horizontal or recessed handles.
Automatic defrost or frost-free fridge-freezers prevent awkward positions and unnecessary housework.
When purchasing a new refrigerator, consider the holding capacity (usually given in cubic litres) that your household will require. Also inquire about the quality of the door seal and the refrigerators insulation capability.
Dishwasher The dishwasher is a convenient appliance that is designed to be a labour saving device by eliminating the need to do the dishes by hand. The dishes are placed in the dishwasher and then removed and put away after the cycle is finished.
Most dishwasher controls are accessible to people with mobility difficulties. Consider the ease of adding detergent and rinse aid to dispensers and choose one with large, easy to manipulate or push button controls. The food filter should also be easily accessed for cleaning purposes.
The dishwasher should be located close to the kitchen sink and waste disposal.
Dishwashers are now available with two separate pullout drawers. One drawer can be installed at an appropriate height such as 800mm above floor level for easy access. Alternatively, small bench top models may be built in at any suitable height or located on a bench.
Dishwashers are available from all appliance and electrical sections of major department stores including Chandlers, Retravision and Myers. See White Pages for local stores.
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Additional kitchen equipment
Non-slip matting. Anti-slip material used under bowls, crockery, and food preparation boards. Keep in mind that these items contain latex. Available in rolls and sold by the metre.
Jar and can openers mounted on the underside of a cupboard or shelf for ease of opening jars and cans.
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LAUNDRY
The laundry is typically a confined and tightly furnished area of the home where the washing machine, dryer, laundry tub, ironing board and storage units are located. This area is a workspace that requires consideration to wheelchair access for easy operation of washing equipment. The minimum amount of space that is required for wheelchair manoeuvring is at least 1500mm diameter.
The laundry work surfaces and sink should be at an appropriate bench height with adequate knee space underneath to facilitate the use of all work surfaces and washing equipment.
Wet washing is very heavy and bulky. The laundry area should be streamlined to minimise the need to move washing over large distances. For example, place the washing machine and drier beside each other. Ensure all paths to the clothesline are wheelchair accessible and wide enough to push a small wheeled laundry basket. See pathways section for more information.
Washing machine Front loading washing machines are preferred to top loading machines. Front loading machines use less water and less electricity than top loading machines; they also wash the clothes more gently than do top loading machines.
Front loaders can be mounted at a convenient height. Clothes can be pulled straight from a front loading washing machine into a basket on the floor. If the machine is placed on a raised surface, ensure the machine can not fall off as it vibrates by installing a surface lip along the length of the bench top.
Allow space on both sides of a front loading washing machine. On the side that the door opens for closer access and on the other side for space to open the door fully. It is easier to access a machine with a larger, wide opening door.
A small top loading washing machine may be accessible if it has a small bowl. This may be an option if a front loading machine is not affordable.
Taps should be positioned to the side of the machine for access.
A machine with a fast spin cycle means drier clothes that are lighter to lift and hang out to dry. However, they may be more creased and require more ironing.
When purchasing a new washing machine, seek information regarding the machine's ability to remove dirt, the water efficiency as well as the running costs and program time.
Suppliers: Most major appliance and department stores have a large range of washing machines. Check Choice Magazine.
Clothes dryer Standard dryers are front loading with the controls located at the front. Many people prefer to use a clothes dryer rather than hang clothes out to dry on a clothesline. They should be mounted at about 500mm above the floor level. It may be possible to mount the clothes dryer on top of the front loading washing machine for the most effective use of space.
Clothes dryers can be mounted upside down to improve the access to the control panel.
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Easy to open doors, large handles, wide-opening doors and simple to use controls should all be considered when purchasing a dryer. Other factors to consider include the dryer’s energy efficiency. Very few dryers are energy efficient and have energy star ratings above two stars. However, clothes dryers are very convenient appliances to have at home and prove to be extremely useful in wet weather.
Dual washing machines and dryers can be purchased for instances where there is limited space or people have difficulty lifting heavy, wet clothes. However, these machines are a reasonably expensive option.
Clothes dryers vary in price and are available from most major appliance and department stores. See White Pages for store locations.
Clothes line Outdoor clothes lines and hoists need to be either set at an appropriate height or be adjustable for accessibility. This may be achieved by setting an existing clothes line deep into the ground and winding it all the way up if people who are ambulant are to use the same clothesline.
A concrete broom finished slab or alternative flat surface should be provided underneath a clothesline area for wheelchair accessibility.
Laundry tub Laundry tubs are wall mounted and made of stainless steel. Most laundry troughs have a built- in cupboard underneath however this needs to be removed for adequate knee space. The underneath surface must be insulated for protection of lower limb burns.
Taps Taps should be mounted at the side of the laundry tub rather than behind to provide easier access. Where this is not possible, a space 800mm in width between the tubs and the back wall may enable a person in a wheelchair to access the taps on the back wall.
See kitchen and bathroom section for detailed information.
Ironing equipment Portable ironing boards are relatively cheap and are height adjustable. However, these boards are difficult to put up and alternative options include slide-out or wall-mounted fold-down boards.
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BEDROOM
Bedrooms are a place where people can sleep, relax, feel comfortable and safe. A spacious room with adequate lighting and well-placed furniture is important. Bedrooms should be in close proximity to a bathroom and make the most of natural lighting and ventilation.
Bedrooms need to be at least 14m² to house a double bed whilst still provide sufficient area for wheelchair access. Ideally, the bedroom should be attached to an en-suite bathroom so that it is easy to move between the bed, toilet and shower.
Bed and mattress People spend approximately one third of their lives in bed so it is very important to select the correct bed to ensure your health and well being.
Allow at least 1200mm clearance at the side of the bed for ease of transfers and access for bed making. Consider from which side the person prefers to transfer to and allow adequate room for a wheelchair to turn.
It is often easier to transfer between the bed and a wheelchair if the bed is a little higher than standard. If necessary, the bed can be raised without expense by placing bricks or phone books under the legs. Alternatively, organisations such as TADQ (refer to section two) can custom build bed raisers for the cost of materials only. \
Beds There are many different types of beds available for purchase such as non-adjustable, manually operated and electrically adjustable beds. Some beds can be very expensive and an alternative is to hire a bed and any additional equipment required.
Some people need electric beds to help them sit up and to raise the surface for carers to work at a good height. These beds have a hand held control attached to an electric motor. Beds can be adjusted for height (referred to as Hi Lo), tilt, backrest angle, leg-rest height and a knee break. Some important factors to remember when selecting an electric bed are to ensure the bed has sufficient room underneath for a hoist and for the controls to be easily operated and accessed by people with weak hands. Consider the amount of room needed to turn over without the threat of falling out as some people prefer to have a double bed or king single.
Mattresses It is important to trial different mattresses for comfort and pressure care. Also, some people have reported suffering from motion sickness from certain mattresses!
Your occupational therapist will be able to help you with decisions regarding bedding and mattresses. Alternatively, contact the Independent Living Centre Qld for more information.
Continence aids for bedding Waterproof bedding and protectors are available. Disposable bed pads and mattress covers can be purchased as well as reusable aids made from polyester with water-resistant backing. These may enable a more comfortable nights sleep and reduce the time required to clean the bed linen.
Suppliers: Kylie sheet - has two layers of fabric and allows moisture to pass through the top layer to a second absorbent layer while the top later remains dry. Prices range from $35-$50. Available from Medical and Surgical Requisites Ph: 3844 2966 or Cardiac and Surgical Ph: 3252 5878
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Wardrobe Wardrobes should be built in with sliding doors and walk-in or wheel-in where possible. If this is not possible, ensure there is no lip so the person in a wheelchair can wheel-in as close as possible.
Mount rails for hanging at a lower than standard height about 1200mm above the floor level. This will depend on an individual’s needs, although remain between 750-1200mm as a general guide.
Create open shelving where possible for easy access. Where drawers already exist, ensure they slide easily and do not slide all the way out.
Lighting Lighting should be a combination of natural light and artificial light. This will improve visibility for tasks such as reading in bed, working at a desk and searching for clothes in cupboards and the wardrobe.
Floor coverings Appropriate floor coverings include non-slip vinyl or tiles, timber floors or low pile carpet without an underlay (see p. 34). Carpet must be glued down well.
Loose rugs should be removed as they provide a hazard for both ambulant people and wheelchair users.
Please refer to the flooring section above for detailed information.
Mirrors Mirrors should be mounted at a lower than standard height to suit the individual. Alternatively, Cheval full length freestanding mirrors are available from Super A-Mart Furniture Stores for $49.95. See White Pages for your nearest location.
A mirror placed on a dressing table and tilted slightly downwards may also be adequate.
Power points and light switches Refer to power point and light switch section for information. A touch lamp beside the bed may be useful as an easily operated light source. A telephone as well as other communications such as intercom, emergency call or remote controls should all be easily reached from the bed.
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LOUNGE AND DINING AREAS
This area can be used as the family room or sitting room where the television is located. These rooms generally accommodate a high amount of traffic and it is important to consider whether the area is functional, accessible and comfortable. An open plan lounge dining area is most accessible as it allows additional space for circulation of the wheelchair. Dining areas should be built as part of the kitchen or as closely attached as possible.
The dining room table should be about 760mm above floor level to allow adequate clearance for wheelchair arms. This height may need to be higher for power chairs. The height of tables can be cheaply adjusted where necessary by placing bricks or phone books under the legs of the table. Ensure the table maintains stability.
See flooring section (p. 34) for recommended floor coverings in the lounge / dining area.
CONCLUSION
This resource booklet contains information to assist families to build wheelchair accessible homes. The information may also be useful to builders and trade contractors when working with clients who experience access or mobility difficulties in their homes.
Some Contact Numbers for Further Information:
Building Services Authority (Head Office, Brisbane) Ph. 3225 2855 Standards Australia Ph. 1300 654 646 The Paraplegic and Quadriplegic Association of Qld Inc. Ph 3391 2044 The Independent Living Centre Ph 3397 1224 Home Assist/Secure, Dept of Housing Ph 3227 6816 Queensland Master Builders Association Ph 3404 6444 Housing Industry Association LTD Ph 1300 650 620 Building Designers' Association of Queensland Ph 5576 5996 Australian Institute of Building Surveyors Ph 3257 2795 Disability Information and Awareness Line (DIAL) Ph 3224 8444 (or toll free 1800 177 120 outside Brisbane)
SBH Queensland and MontroseAccess – Home Modifications Booklet