Chymical Collections: Seventeenth Century Textual Transmutations in the Work of Arthur Dee
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Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University History Dissertations Department of History 12-2020 Chymical Collections: Seventeenth Century textual transmutations in the work of Arthur Dee Megan Piorko Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_diss Recommended Citation Piorko, Megan, "Chymical Collections: Seventeenth Century textual transmutations in the work of Arthur Dee." Dissertation, Georgia State University, 2020. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_diss/83 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHYMICAL COLLECTIONS: SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY TEXTUAL TRANSMUTATIONS IN THE WORK OF ARTHUR DEE by MEGAN PIORKO Under the Direction of Nick Wilding, PhD ABSTRACT This dissertation is a biography of a text, Fasciculus Chemicus (1631). The seventeenth- century life of this text, from its inception to its vernacularization, sheds light on broader natural philosophical and textual issues inherent to alchemical knowledge-making. The first chapter of this case-study is a survey of all available biographical information of its author, Arthur Dee, supplemented and contextualized with original primary source discoveries. This provides a setting for the creation of Fasciculus Chemicus as well as juxtaposes political issues of authority, patronage, and medical practice of a seventeenth-century courtly physician. The second chapter addresses the hand-press production and subsequent intentional anomalies found in the printed Fasciculus Chemicus, of which there are two editions (1631, 1650). Then, a bibliographical description and analysis is provided for the three issues of the first edition, which leads into investigations of ghost editions and a special dedicatory Rosicrucian issue. The third chapter examines the possibility of an alchemical scribal culture through the lens of scribal copies of Fasciculus Chemicus and other seventeenth-century alchemical manuscripts copies from print. This presents the reciprocal nature of material reuse and recycling between manuscript and hand- press texts. The fourth chapter deals with material evidence of alchemical speculation in the margins of seventeenth-century alchemical texts such as drawings and doodles, creative cross- referencing, and ciphers and pseudonomia. The epilogue to the story of the seventeenth-century life of Fasciculus Chemicus responds to issues of English vernacularization and curation of knowledge through the scope of ‘chymical collections’ such as Theatrum Chemicum (1602- 1661) and Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum (1652). This allows for broader questions to be posed regarding Baroque science and alchemical knowledge-making practices. INDEX WORDS: Fasciculus Chemicus, Arthur Dee, Materiality of text, History of alchemy, Courtly medicine, Knowledge creation CHYMICAL COLLECTIONS: SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY TEXTUAL TRANSMUTATIONS IN THE WORK OF ARTHUR DEE by MEGAN PIORKO A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Arts and Sciences Georgia State University 2020 Copyright by Megan Ann Piorko 2020 CHYMICAL COLLECTIONS: SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY TEXTUAL TRANSMUTATIONS IN THE WORK OF ARTHUR DEE by MEGAN PIORKO Committee Chair: Nick Wilding Committee: Jacob Selwood Jared Poley Jennifer Rampling Electronic Version Approved: Office of Graduate Services College of Arts and Sciences Georgia State University August 2020 iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to thank my advisor, Nick Wilding, under whose guidance I had the confidence and skills to apply for a range of academic fellowships. His friendly and professional advice, incredibly deep and broad knowledge of book history and the history of science, and enthusiastic approach to my project is evident in these pages. I would also like to extend thanks to the other members of my committee: Jake Selwood and Jared Poley, for the knowledge they imparted and letters they wrote on my behalf, and Jenny Rampling, who has offered me immeasurable support initially as the editor of Ambix and now as my outside reader. I am always impressed by her commitment to young scholars. It has been my privilege to serve as the Student Representative to the Society for the History of Alchemy and Chemistry, which granted me international professional experiences that I had only dreamt of as a younger scholar. I want to especially thank Frank James for his support and making me feel so welcome in the London SHAC community. I would be remiss if I did not extend thanks to those who hosted me as a fellow-in-residence during my PhD. My first experience at the Science History Institute (then the Chemical Heritage Foundation) was formative and Carin Berkowitz, Ron Brashear, and Jim Voelkel helped to make it a friendly and inspiring atmosphere. My time as a Dissertation Fellow at the Consortium for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine, while cut short due to the pandemic, was helpful beyond the special collections research opportunities. I am thankful to Babak Ashrafi for his white board brainstorming sessions, Katie Reinhart for always lending an ear and being an excellent co- organizer, and Tina Nigro for being a great neighbor and fellow fellow. As is natural when one has the ability to commiserate over grad student life, many colleagues have turned into friends along the way, without whose support this would not have v been possible. Thank you to my alchemical colleagues Sarah Lang and Umberto Veronesi for exploring new cities with me and making workshops and conferences hilarious adventures. A very special thank you to my colleagues turned best friends in Atlanta: Kailey McAlpin, Leah Burnham, Jacob Key, Dave Tiller, Jody Noll, Ryan Prechter, and Shawn Reagin. Thank you for your academic support, but mostly for being there through all the good, bad, and weird life stuff and sharing yours with me. Finally, and certainly not least, I need to thank my family. While they may not have understood what I’ve been doing in grad school for eight years, they have been my relentless cheerleaders and that means more than words can say. Thank you to my parents, Frank and Lauryn Piorko, my sister and brother-in-law Rachael and Kyle Trask, and my aunt and uncle Janet Piorko and Harvey Chipkin. I would also like to thank my grandparents Edwin and Wilma Clapp for sharing their love of learning with me. This has certainly been a difficult and strange time to finish a dissertation project. Thank you to the Apocalypse Team (Kit Heintzman and Anouska Bhattacharyya) for helping me survive. A special thank you to Jake Jackson, for welcoming me, Lana, and Jaime into his life and making a home with us during so much uncertainty. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................... IV LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................. VII INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................... 1 1 THE ROYAL PHYSICIAN ARTHUR DEE .................................................................. 7 2 UNIQUE COPIES OF THE PRINTED FASCICULUS CHEMICUS ....................... 44 3 ARCA ARCANORUM & ALCHEMICAL SCRIBAL CULTURE ............................. 84 4 SPECULATIVE ALCHEMY IN THE MARGINS ................................................... 121 5 THE EPILOGUE .......................................................................................................... 162 BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................................................... 180 APPENDICES ........................................................................................................................... 186 Appendix A ........................................................................................................................... 186 Appendix B ........................................................................................................................... 187 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1, Arthur Dee's Medical Degree, SLUB Dresden ............................................................. 39 Figure 2 Laurus Asclepiadea, University of Basel ....................................................................... 40 Figure 3 Laurus Asclepiadea, University of Basel ....................................................................... 41 Figure 4 Zodiac Man, Sloane MS 1902, British Library .............................................................. 42 Figure 5 Alchemical Cipher, Sloane MS 1902, British Library ................................................... 43 Figure 6 Paris Title Page, Houghton Library ................................................................................ 77 Figure 7 Rosicrucian Title Page, Beinecke Library ...................................................................... 78 Figure 8 Engraved Title Page, Beinecke Library .......................................................................... 79 Figure 9 Arca Arcanorum Title Page, British Library .................................................................. 80 Figure 10 Stettin Title Page, Beinecke