DOCSLIB.ORG

A History of American Settlement at Camp Atterbury

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A History of American Settlement at Camp Atterbury University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Faculty Publications Anthropology, Department of 1-2010 A History of American Settlement at Camp Atterbury Steven D. Smith University of South Carolina - Columbia, [email protected] Chris J. Cochran Engineer Research and Development Center Champaign IL Construction Engineering Research Lab Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/anth_facpub Part of the Anthropology Commons Publication Info Published in 2010. © 2010, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Construction Engineering Research Laboratories. This Book is brought to you by the Anthropology, Department of at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ERDC/CERL TR-10-3 ERDC/CERL TR-10-3 The History of American Settlement at Camp Atterbury Steven D. Smith and Chris J. Cochran January 2010 Construction Engineering Laboratory Research Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. ERDC/CERL TR-10-3 January 2010 The History of American Settlement at Camp Atterbury Steven D. Smith South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology 1321 Pendleton Street Columbia, SC 29208 Chris J. Cochran Construction Engineering Research Laboratory U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center 2902 Newmark Drive Champaign, IL 61822 Final Report Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Prepared for Camp Atterbury Joint Maneuver Training Center Environmental Office PO Box 5000 Edinburgh, IN 46124 ERDC/CERL TR-10-3 ii Abstract: This report details the history of 19th and 20th century farm and community settlement within the Camp Atterbury Joint Maneuver Training Center, IN. It also provides a historic context for the identification, evaluation, and preservation of significant historic properties within installation boundaries. This historic context defines property types, poses research questions, and provides evaluation criteria based on the Camp Atterbury Joint Maneuver Training Center’s settlement history, in an effort to develop a comprehensive program of multiple site evaluation. DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. DESTROY THIS REPORT WHEN NO LONGER NEEDED. DO NOT RETURN IT TO THE ORIGINATOR. ERDC/CERL TR-10-3 iii Table of Contents List of Figures and Tables ......................................................................................................................v Preface....................................................................................................................................................ix Unit Conversion Factors.........................................................................................................................x 1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 1 Background .............................................................................................................................. 1 Project goals ............................................................................................................................. 3 Research design....................................................................................................................... 4 Methods.................................................................................................................................... 6 Study area................................................................................................................................. 7 Project history.........................................................................................................................10 2 Initial Occupation and Pioneer Settlement to 1870................................................................11 The primeval landscape.........................................................................................................11 Native Americans ...................................................................................................................19 The arrival of the Europeans .................................................................................................22 Initial settlement of Camp Atterbury .........................................................................................25 County formation........................................................................................................................30 Trails, roads, and railways – entering Camp Atterbury.........................................................32 The pioneer community ......................................................................................................... 41 Pioneer Agriculture.................................................................................................................42 Hamlets, villages, and towns.....................................................................................................46 Churches and schools................................................................................................................50 Industries....................................................................................................................................54 Civil War ..................................................................................................................................56 The pioneer landscape—summary ........................................................................................58 3 Late 19th and Early 20th Century Landscape, 1870 - 1920 .....................................................59 Introduction ............................................................................................................................59 Late 19th century social organization....................................................................................70 Transportation ........................................................................................................................77 Industries................................................................................................................................81 Logging....................................................................................................................................83 Business and trades ..............................................................................................................84 Towns ......................................................................................................................................85 Summary of the late 19th century landscape .......................................................................89 4 The 20th Century Landscape: 1920 to 1940.............................................................................92 Introduction ............................................................................................................................92 20th century population and settlement...............................................................................92 20th century agricultural life ..................................................................................................94 ERDC/CERL TR-10-3 iv Technology and the 20th century farmer.............................................................................102 Industries..............................................................................................................................103 20th century social life..........................................................................................................105 Transportation ......................................................................................................................108 Towns ....................................................................................................................................110 Depression............................................................................................................................111 The Army arrives...................................................................................................................112 Summary ..............................................................................................................................117 5 Landscape, Context, and Management for Historic Period Sites at Camp Atterbury....... 119 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................119 Summary of the settlement history.....................................................................................119 Historic context: becoming Hoosiers at the margin of corn belt culture...........................124 The traditional upland south ...................................................................................................125 Mid-Atlantic and New England tradition .................................................................................127 Summary of the settlement
Load more

Recommended publications
  • E.3-IDNR Roster of Navigable Waterways in Indiana
    APPENDIX E.3 IDNR Roster of Navigable Waterways in Indiana Nonrule Policy Documents NATURAL RESOURCES COMMISSION Information Bulletin #3 July 1, 1992 SUBJECT: Roster of Indiana Waterways Declared Navigable I. NAVIGABILITY Property rights relative to Indiana waterways often are determined by whether the waterway is "navigable". Both common law and statutory law make distinctions founded upon whether a river, stream, embayment, or lake is navigable. A landmark decision in Indiana with respect to determining and applying navigability is State v. Kivett, 228 Ind. 629, 95 N.E.2d 148 (1950). The Indiana Supreme Court stated that the test for determining navigability is whether a waterway: was available and susceptible for navigation according to the general rules of river transportation at the time [1816] Indiana was admitted to the Union. It does not depend on whether it is now navigable. .The true test seems to be the capacity of the stream, rather than the manner or extent of use. And the mere fact that the presence of sandbars or driftwood or stone, or other objects, which at times render the stream unfit for transportation, does not destroy its actual capacity and susceptibility for that use. A modified standard for determining navigability applies to a body of water which is artificial. The test for a man-made reservoir, or a similar waterway which did not exist in 1816, is whether it is navigable in fact. Reed v. United States, 604 F. Supp. 1253 (1984). The court observed in Kivett that "whether the waters within the State under which the lands lie are navigable or non-navigable, is a federal" question and is "determined according to the law and usage recognized and applied in the federal courts, even though" the waterway may not be "capable of use for navigation in interstate or foreign commerce." Federal decisions applied to particular issues of navigability are useful precedents, regardless of whether the decisions originated in Indiana or another state.
    [Show full text]
  • Kaskaskia, Peoria, Piankeshaw, and Wea Indians
    University of Oklahoma College of Law University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons American Indian and Alaskan Native Documents in the Congressional Serial Set: 1817-1899 5-9-1898 Kaskaskia, Peoria, Piankeshaw, and Wea Indians Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/indianserialset Part of the Indian and Aboriginal Law Commons Recommended Citation H.R. Rep. No 1279, 55th Cong., 2nd Sess. (1898) This House Report is brought to you for free and open access by University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in American Indian and Alaskan Native Documents in the Congressional Serial Set: 1817-1899 by an authorized administrator of University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 55TH CONGREss, } HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. REPORT 2d Session. { No.1279. KASKASKIA, PEORIA, PIANKESHAW, AND WJ&A INDIANS. MAY 9, 1898.--,.Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union and ordered to be printed. Mr. CuRTis, of Kansas, from the Committee on Indian Affairs, submitted the following REPORT. [To accompany S. 246.] The Committee on Indian Affairs, to whom was referred the bill (S. 246) entitled "A bill to authorize and empower the Secretary of the Interior to adjust and settle the accounts of the Kaskaskia, Peoria, Piankeshaw, and Wea Indians," beg leave to submit the following report, and recommend that said bill do pass with the following amendment: On page 2, in line 3, after the word "Indians," add the following: Provided ju1·ther, That before any payment, if any, shall be made to said Indians under this act the sum of $1,181.60 shall be deducted and paid to 'f.
    [Show full text]
  • Indiana Glaciers.PM6
    How the Ice Age Shaped Indiana Jerry Wilson Published by Wilstar Media, www.wilstar.com Indianapolis, Indiana 1 Previiously published as The Topography of Indiana: Ice Age Legacy, © 1988 by Jerry Wilson. Second Edition Copyright © 2008 by Jerry Wilson ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2 For Aaron and Shana and In Memory of Donna 3 Introduction During the time that I have been a science teacher I have tried to enlist in my students the desire to understand and the ability to reason. Logical reasoning is the surest way to overcome the unknown. The best aid to reasoning effectively is having the knowledge and an understanding of the things that have previ- ously been determined or discovered by others. Having an understanding of the reasons things are the way they are and how they got that way can help an individual to utilize his or her resources more effectively. I want my students to realize that changes that have taken place on the earth in the past have had an effect on them. Why are some towns in Indiana subject to flooding, whereas others are not? Why are cemeteries built on old beach fronts in Northwest Indiana? Why would it be easier to dig a basement in Valparaiso than in Bloomington? These things are a direct result of the glaciers that advanced southward over Indiana during the last Ice Age. The history of the land upon which we live is fascinating. Why are there large granite boulders nested in some of the fields of northern Indiana since Indiana has no granite bedrock? They are known as glacial erratics, or dropstones, and were formed in Canada or the upper Midwest hundreds of millions of years ago.
    [Show full text]
  • Defining Architectural Design Excellence Columbus Indiana
    Defining Architectural Design Excellence Columbus Indiana 1 Searching for Definitions of Architectural Design Excellence in a Measuring World Defining Architectural Design Excellence 2012 AIA Committee on Design Conference Columbus, Indiana | April 12-15, 2012 “Great architecture is...a triple achievement. It is the solving of a concrete problem. It is the free expression of the architect himself. And it is an inspired and intuitive expression of the client.” J. Irwin Miller “Mediocrity is expensive.” J. Irwin Miller “I won’t try to define architectural design excellence, but I can discuss its value and strategy in Columbus, Indiana.” Will Miller Defining Architectural Design Excellence..............................................Columbus, Indiana 2012 AIA Committee on Design The AIA Committee on Design would like to acknowledge the following sponsors for their generous support of the 2012 AIA COD domestic conference in Columbus, Indiana. DIAMOND PARTNER GOLD PARTNER SILVER PARTNER PATRON DUNLAP & Company, Inc. AIA Indianapolis FORCE DESIGN, Inc. Jim Childress & Ann Thompson FORCE CONSTRUCTION Columbus Indiana Company, Inc. Architectural Archives www.columbusarchives.org REPP & MUNDT, Inc. General Contractors Costello Family Fund to Support the AIAS Chapter at Ball State University TAYLOR BROS. Construction Co., Inc. CSO Architects, Inc. www.csoinc.net Pentzer Printing, Inc. INDIANA UNIVERSITY CENTER for ART + DESIGN 3 Table of Contents Remarks from CONFERENCE SCHEDULE SITE VISITS DOWNTOWN FOOD/DINING Mike Mense, FAIA OPTIONAL TOURS/SITES
    [Show full text]
  • Unconsolidated Aquifer Systems of Hancock County, Indiana
    Unconsolidated Aquifer Systems of Hancock County, Indiana by Glenn E. Grove Division of Water, Resource Assessment Section November 2005 Three unconsolidated aquifer systems have been mapped in Hancock County: the New Castle Till; the White River and Tributaries Outwash Subsystem; and the New Castle Complex. All three systems comprise sediments deposited by, or resulting from, glaciers, glacial meltwaters, and post-glacial precipitation events. Boundaries of these aquifer systems are commonly gradational and individual aquifers may extend across aquifer system boundaries. However, a relatively distinct boundary occurs where the White River Outwash and Tributaries Subsystem abuts the relatively steep valley walls of the Big Blue River. Outside of the valley of the Big Blue River, nearly the entire county has more than 100 feet of unconsolidated materials overlying the bedrock. Unconsolidated deposits are especially thick in the eastern third of the county where the sediments are commonly greater than 200 feet and in places (north of Cumberland) greater than 300 feet thick. However, in the Big Blue River valley there are a few areas where the unconsolidated deposits are less than 50 feet in thickness. Most unconsolidated deposits contain some sand or gravel and only a few dry holes have been reported in Hancock County. All the aquifer systems are typically capable of supplying domestic wells. The New Castle Till Aquifer System and the New Castle Complex Aquifer System are, in most places, capable of producing high-capacity wells. There are areas in the New Castle Complex where sand and gravel deposits are of sufficient thickness and extent to constitute major ground-water resources capable of supplying large municipal, industrial, and irrigation needs.
    [Show full text]
  • Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma (Oklahoma Social Studies Standards, OSDE)
    OKLAHOMA INDIAN TRIBE EDUCATION GUIDE Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma (Oklahoma Social Studies Standards, OSDE) Tribe: Peoria Tribe of Indians (pee-awr-ee -uh) Tribal website(s): http//www.peoriatribe.com 1. Migration/movement/forced removal Oklahoma History C3 Standard 2.3 “Integrate visual and textual evidence to explain the reasons for and trace the migrations of Native American peoples including the Five Tribes into present-day Oklahoma, the Indian Removal Act of 1830, and tribal resistance to the forced relocations.” Oklahoma History C3 Standard 2.7 “Compare and contrast multiple points of view to evaluate the impact of the Dawes Act which resulted in the loss of tribal communal lands and the redistribution of lands by various means including land runs as typified by the Unassigned Lands and the Cherokee Outlet, lotteries, and tribal allotments.” Original Homeland - The Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma is a confederation of Kaskaskia, Peoria, Piankeshaw and Wea Indians united into a single tribe in 1854. The tribes which constitute The Confederated Peorias, as they then were called, originated in the lands bordering the Great Lakes and drained by the mighty Mississippi. They are Illinois or Illini Indians, descendants of those who created the great mound civilizations in the central United States two thousand to three thousand years ago. The increased pressure from white settlers in the 1840’s and 1850’s in Kansas brought cooperation among the Peoria, Kaskaskia, Piankashaw and Wea Tribes to protect these holdings. By the Treaty of May 30, 1854, 10 Stat. 1082, the United States recognized the cooperation and consented to their formal union as the Confederated Peoria.
    [Show full text]
  • Prairie Sentinelvolume 8
    Illinois National Guard Prairie SentinelVolume 8 On the Road Again: 233rd Military Police Company Conducts Road to War Training Homeward Bound: 2nd Battalion, 13oth Infantry Regiment Returns home Best of the BEST: Bilateral Embedded Staff Team A-25 caps off BEST co-deployment missions Nov-Dec 2020 Illinois National Guard 6 8 9 10 12 15 16 18 21 22 24 For more, click a photo or the title of the story. Highlighting Diversity: ILNG Diversity Council host Native American speaker 4 The Illinois National Guard Diversity Council hosts CMSgt, Teresa Ray. By Sgt. LeAnne Withrow, 139th MPAD ILARNG Top Recruiter and first sergeant from same company 5 Company D, Illinois Army National Guard Recruiting and Retention Battalion based in Aurora, Illinois, is the home of the top recruiter and recruiting first sergeant. By Sgt. 1st Class Kassidy Snyder, Illinois Army National Guard Recruiting and Retention Battalion Homeward Bound: 2/130’s Companies B and C return home 6 Soldiers from 2nd Battalion, 130th Infantry Regiment’s B and C companies return home after deploying to Bahrain and Jordan Oct. 31. By Barb Wilson, Illinois National Guard Public Affairs Joint Force Medical Detachment commander promoted to colonel 8 Jayson Coble, of Lincoln, Illinois, was promoted to the rank of colonel Nov. 7 at the Illinois State Military Museum. By Barb Wilson, Illinois National Guard Public Affairs High Capacity: 126th Maintenance Group Earns fourth consecutive mission capability title 9 A photo spread highlighting the 126th MXG’s quintuple success. By Tech. Sgt. Cesaron White and Senior Airman Elise Stout, 126th Air Refueling Wing Public Affairs Back to back, Shoulder to Shoulder: 108th earns back to back sustainment awards 10 Two exceptional Illinois Army National Guard teams won the prestigious U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Summer 2011 Fired up About
    MAGAZINE OF THE OHIO ARMY AND AIR NATIONAL GUARD SUMMER 2011 Fired up about SAFETYPAGES 8-9 Ohio National Guard members learn valuable principles to implement back at their units during State Safety School FINAL ISSUE: This will be the last printed issue of the Buckeye Guard. Learn about some of our new media initiatives in place, and how you now can get your Ohio National Guard news, on page 4. GUARD SNAPSHOTS BUCKEYE GUARD roll call Volume 34, No. 2 Summer 2011 The Buckeye Guard is an authorized publication for members Sgt. Corey Giere of the Department of Defense. Contents of the Buckeye Guard (right) of Headquarters are not necessarily the official views of, or endorsed by, the U.S. Government, the Departments of the Army and Air Force, or and Headquarters the Adjutant General of Ohio. The Buckeye Guard is published Company, Special quarterly under the supervision of the Public Affairs Office, Ohio Adjutant General’s Department, 2825 W. Dublin Granville Troops Battalion, Road, Columbus, Ohio 43235-2789. The editorial content of this 37th Infantry Brigade publication is the responsibility of the Adjutant General of Ohio’s Director of Communications. Direct communication is authorized Combat Team, to the editor, phone: (614) 336-7003; fax: (614) 336-7410; or provides suppressive send e-mail to [email protected]. The Buckeye Guard is distributed free to members of the Ohio Army and Air fire with blank rounds National Guard and to other interested persons at their request. as the rest of his fire Guard members and their Families are encouraged to submit any articles meant to inform, educate or entertain Buckeye Guard team runs for cover readers, including stories about interesting Guard personalities and unique unit training.
    [Show full text]
  • Exhibit 9-4H for the IDNR Navigable Waterways Roster
    IDNR Navigable Waterways Roster: Name of Waterway Portion Considered Navigable Anderson River Navigable in Spencer County from its junction with the Ohio (including Middle River for 28.4 river miles to the Perry-Spencer County Line. Fork) The Middle Fork is navigable from its junction with the Anderson River for 3.3 river miles. Armuth Ditch See Black Creek Arnold Creek Navigable in Ohio County from its junction with the Ohio River for 4.4 river miles. Baker Creek Navigable in Spencer County from its junction with Little Pigeon Creek 1.8 river miles. Bald Knob Creek Navigable in Perry County from its junction with Oil Creek for 0.5 river miles. Banbango Creek See Baugo Creek. Baugo Creek Navigable from its junction with the St. Joseph River in South Bend for 15.2 river miles to the main forks (near Wakarusa). Bayou Creek Navigable in Vanderburgh County from its junction with the Ohio River for 1.5 river miles. Beanblossom Creek Navigable in Monroe County from its junction with the West Fork of the White River for 17.7 river miles to Griffy Creek. Bear Creek Navigable in Perry County from its junction with the Ohio River for 1.6 river miles. Big Blue River Navigable from its junction with Sugar Creek (to form the Driftwood River) for 55.46 river miles to the Henry-Rush County Line. Big Blue River See, also, Blue River. Big Creek Navigable in Posey County from its junction with the Wabash River for 25.4 river miles (near Cynthiana). See, also, Little Fork of Big Creek.
    [Show full text]
  • Time for a Field Trip!
    Field Trip Curriculum for 4th-6th Grade Students Time for a Field Trip! Pre-Field Trip Warm Up____________________ Starved Rock and Matthiessen State Parks IDNR Educational Trunks: People and Animals from Illinois’ Past https://www2.illinois.gov/dnr/education/Pages/ ItemsForLoan.aspx Group Permit Form (to be completed prior to visit) https://www2.illinois.gov/dnr/Parks/Activity/Pages/ StarvedRock.aspx Enjoy Your Trip! Starved Rock Wigwam STEAM Activity- Pages 2 & 3 “Starved Rock History and Activity Packet - Pages 4-10 Thank you for your Day of Field Trip Activities________________________ interest in Starved 1.5 –2 hours Rock State Park. The Field Trip Pack for Teachers following is a packet of https://www2.illinois.gov/dnr/education/Pages/ materials intended to assist teachers in using ItemsForLoan.aspx the site for field trips. Hike to Starved Rock and French Canyon .8 miles roundtrip For your convenience, Map: https://www2.illinois.gov/dnr/Parks/Pages/ we have assembled a StarvedRock.aspx list of activities that Scavenger Hunt - Page 11 can be incorporated Tour the Visitor Center exhibits into the classroom and In the Shadow of the Rock film—15 minutes daily lesson plans in conjunction with a POST-VISIT ACTIVITIES field trip to Starved Rock State Park. • Write your own Starved Rock Story: “My Day at Starved Rock State Park” Template Page 12 2 2 Wigwam Construction: Engineering 3 The Kaskaskia People lived in villages of small round houses called wigwams. What you need: 6 for each student or pair of (buddy up) Square pieces of cardboard box for each student/pair Circle to trace/tree bark sheets Instructions: Have students trace the circle template onto their square piece of cardboard.
    [Show full text]
  • The Employment Situation of Veterans
    February 2013 The Employment Situation of Veterans Today, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reported that the overall unemployment rate for all Americans (population 16 and over) edged down to 7.7%. The employment situation for veterans overall has also experienced a decrease in unemployment. The unemployment rates for all veterans decreased from 8.3% in January to 7.8% in February. For Gulf War era II veterans (post-9/11 generation), the unemployment rate has also decreased from 11.7% to 9.4%. However, the youngest post-9/11 veterans, those ages 20-24, saw a 6.6% increase in their unemployment rate from January to February, which remains the highest unemployment rate of all age groups at 38.0%. This rate of the young post-9/11 veterans is more than twice as high as their nonveteran counterparts. About 60% of the young post-9/11 veterans, ages 20-24, have been unemployed for more than five weeks. Of the 203,000 unemployed post-9/11 veterans ages 20 and over, 13% have been unemployed for less than five weeks, 30% unemployed for five to 14 weeks and 57% have been unemployed for 15 weeks or more. For female post-9/11 veterans, the unemployment rate decreased from 17.1% to 11.6%, but remains higher than their non-veteran counterpart (7.0%). Male post-9/11 veterans saw a decrease from 10.5% to 9.0% but remains slightly higher than their non-veteran counterparts (8.0%). The unemployment rate for post-9/11 White veterans, 8.9%, remains higher than that of their non-veteran counterparts, at 6.7%.
    [Show full text]
  • War of 1812 by Beth Carvey the Sauk and Meskwaki and the War of 1812 Prelude to War the War of 1812 Was a Significant Event in S
    War of 1812 by Beth Carvey The Sauk and Meskwaki and the War of 1812 Prelude to War The War of 1812 was a significant event in Sauk and Meskwaki history and also for many other native nations who resided along and near the Mississippi River. The War of 1812 was actually two wars: an international war fought between the United States and Great Britain in the east and an Indian war fought in the west. This article is the first of a four-part series which will explore the War of 1812 in terms of native peoples’ points of view, the military actions that occurred in the western frontier theater, and the consequences for the Sauk and Meskwaki that resulted from the American victory. In 1812 the western frontier was comprised of the Mississippi, Illinois, and Missouri River regions, encompassing parts of present-day Wisconsin, Illinois, and northwest Missouri. More than ten different native nations, including the Sauk and Meskwaki, lived on these lands with an estimated population of 25,000 people. After the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 the native people of the region had been growing increasingly unhappy with the United States. Four main reasons were at the heart of this unhappiness: arrogance and ignorance on the part of many American officials; illegal white settlement on native lands; a number of treaties that dispossessed tribes of their lands; and economic matters, specifically the fur trade. The Sauk and Meskwaki had poor relations with the United States government since the signing of the fraudulent Treaty of 1804, whereby the two nations ceded over 50 million acres of land to the United States.
    [Show full text]