DOCSLIB.ORG

The Acroceridae (Diptera) of the Netherlands

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Acroceridae (Diptera) of the Netherlands The Acroceridae (Diptera) of The Netherlands Herman de Jong, Aart P. Noordam & Theo Zeegers JONG. H. DE , A. P. NOORDAM & TH. ZEEGERS, 2000. THE ACROCERIDAE (DIPTERA) OF THE NETHER- LANDS. - ENT. BER., AMST. 60 (9): 171-179. , . j f thp Arrnreridae of The Netherlands. The current Dutch list contains 8 species of the swdv'of (he lectolype revealed that it is a female of P. orbiculus and the synonymy of P. boreal,s under P established Reticence considering the taxonomic status of other species names is expressed. A single ma e o . ƒ ttj^wafrearecHrornTsubadult female of Paräosa „Subns. which represents a new host record for this acroeend. H. de Jong. Afdeling Entomologie. Zoölogisch Museum. Plantage Middenlaan 64, 1018 DH Amsterdam, The A peNon„dlm. Afdeling Entomologie, Zoölogisch Museum, Plantage Middenlaan 64. 1018 DH Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Th. Zeegers, Weegschaalstraat 207, 7521 CH Enschede, The Netherlands. Acroceridae known from The Netherlands. Introduction The numbers of species of Acroceridae recorded from countries adjacent to The The recent rearing of a male of Ogeodes fuma- Netherlands are: Belgium: four (De Bruyn, tus (Erichson) by the second author and the 1991), Germany: 11 (Schumann, 1999; but see preparation of a new checklist of the Diptera the section on taxonomy), and Great Britain: occurring in The Netherlands induced this re¬ three (Chandler, 1998). The following collec¬ view of the Dutch records of Acroceridae. In tions with Dutch Acroceridae were studied in general, Acroceridae are seldom captured in the course of this project (abbreviations given the field and records are therefore scant. In his in parentheses): Nationaal Museum voor Na¬ checklist of Dutch Diptera, De Meijere (1939) tuurlijke Historie Naturalis, Leiden (NNM), recorded three species, viz. Oncodes gibbosus Wageningen Universiteit (WU), Zoölogisch (Linnaeus), O. zonatus Erichson, and Para- Museum, Amsterdam (ZMAN), and the pri¬ crocera orbiculus (Fabricius). Theowald vate collections of Bob van Aartsen, t Harde (1954) reported Oncodes varius Latreille as a (BvA), Laurens van der Leij, ’s-Hertogen- species new to the fauna. Van der Goot ( 1963) bosch (LvdL), Wouter van Steenis, Utrecht published a key to the then known four Dutch (WvS), Bastiaan Wakkie, Amsterdam (BW), species of Acroceridae, summarizing the lo¬ and Theo Zeegers, Enschede (ThZ). calities of capture from specimens studied and literature records. Van Aartsen (1997) added Acrocera trigramma Loew and Paracrocera Biology manevali Séguy to the Dutch list. In the pre¬ Although adult Acroceridae usually are sel¬ sent paper the published records are reviewed dom encountered in Northwest Europe, some and checked against material in Dutch collec¬ mass aggregations have been observed. In tions. As a result of this study we are able to England, Edwards (1983) recorded mating report the occurrence of Acrocera sanguinea clusters of Paracrocera orbiculus on the tips Meigen, Ogeodes fumatus, and O. reginae of dead elder twigs, a swarm of this species (Trojan) as new to the Dutch fauna. Paracro¬ flying about a group of elder leaves, and many cera manevali has to be deleted fiom the individuals of both sexes perched under termi- Dutch list, resulting in a total of 8 species of I 172 Ent. Ber., Amst. 60 (2000) Fig. 1. Eggs of Ogcodes gib- bosus (Linnaeus) on a stem of Equisetum fluviatile L. (photo A. P. Noordam). nal leaflets. Edwards (1984) observed several of true spiders (Araneae) and show hyperme¬ clusters of P. orbiculus, primarily consisting tamorphosis, i.e. the successive larval stages of males, on fence posts along a stretch of have a strikingly different morphology. about two hundred meters. A mass occurrence Usually a single parasitoid developes within a of Ogcodes reginae in a Molinia vegetation host specimen, but records are available of has been observed in the province of Noord two or more larvae reaching maturity in a sin¬ Brabant in The Netherlands (Van der Leij, gle spider. As the eggs are not deposited on 1999; as O. varius). According to the litera¬ the host, the first stage larvae must actively lo¬ ture, females of certain species tend to congre¬ cate their victim. The first instar larvae are of gate during oviposition, a phenomenon which the planidial type, i.e. they are flattened and is corroborated by some of the Dutch captures free-living. The first instar larvae move about of Ogcodes gibbosus (see under that species, by crawling, looping, or jumping. It is gener¬ below). Upon copulation, females deposit ally recorded that once a spider makes contact their eggs on dead twigs or branches (Ogco¬ with a planidial larva, the larva sticks to one of des) or on stems of grasses (Acrocera). A sin¬ its legs and climbs upward until it reaches the gle female may lay up to 5000 eggs. Figure 1 dorsal base of the spiders abdomen. This spot illustrates a stem of Equisetum fluviatile L. is unattainable for the spider’s preening legs. covered with eggs of O. gibbosus (material de¬ Here it cuts a hole and enters the abdomen posited in ZMAN). where it ends up in the booklung area. In a po¬ Primarily based on Schlinger (1987), the sition where it is able to breathe outside air, following information can be given on the bi¬ the larva goes into a phase of diapause which ology of immature Acroceridae. Larvae of lasts from five to nine months. The next two Acroceridae are obligatory internal parasitoids larval stages are rather little-known. A dif- 173 Ent. Ber., Amst. 60 (2000) ferent strategy was recently observed during consequence of the active search for a host by laboratory experiments by Overgaard Nielsen the first instar larva of the Acroceridae; active et al. (1999), who studied larvae of Paracro- search is hardly possible along sticky spider cera orbiculus invading Pardosa prativaga snares. The webbuilders on Schlinger s list (Koch). Here the planidial larvae attached frequently come into contact with the sub¬ themselves to the legs of the spiders, especial¬ strate (e.g. Zygiella in its retreat), or have the ly to the tibiae and femora, by cutting a small horizontal agelenoid web type. The last cate¬ hole through the integument. The spiders tried gory seems to be primarily parasitized by spe¬ to remove the ectoparasitic larvae, but often cialized New World acrocerids dropping their failed to kill them all. After about a week the eggs on these dense horizontal mats. Surpri¬ surviving larvae moulted and a small and flex¬ singly, there are no records of acrocerid para¬ ible second instar larva entered the host sitism in the Linyphiidae, which is by far the through the attachment hole made by the first most species-rich spider family in the temper¬ instar larva, leaving the entrance hole plugged ate regions. Linyphiidae are on average rather by the exuviae. The fourth and final larval small, but they make horizontal mats, while stage lasts only up to two days in the northern many linyphiids have frequent contact with European Acroceridae. During this stage the the substrate, and some have even evolved in¬ larva voraciously feeds on the internal tissues to hunting spiders and abandoned webbuild¬ of the spider and eventually emerges from the ing altogether. host. Ogcodes larvae emerge in the area of the epigastric furrow, Acrocera larvae leave the Hints for finding parasitized spiders host through the abdominal dorsum. About 24 hours before the acrocerid larva leaves its Several authors noticed the unchanged be¬ host, it apparently induces the spider to spin a haviour of the victim spider till the very end, small web reminiscent of a moulting web. The when it begins to build a web in which the spider will never use the web as it dies shortly acrocerid pupa will be suspended. Parasitism after completing it, but the parasitoid occupies in webbuilding spiders can perhaps be diag¬ the web in order to pupate in a protective en¬ nosed by disorders in the web many days be¬ veloppe. The adult fly emerges about two to fore the death of the spider. For Agelenidae, three weeks after pupation; adults live up to Cady et al. (1993) mentioned “poorly struc¬ six weeks. Rearing records indicate that spe¬ tured webs” which are not maintained. Holl et cific host-parasitoid relationships are rare. al. (1983) described one parasitized specimen of the orb web builder Zygiella x-notata (Clerck), of which the web consisted of only a Host spectrum few snares without an orb structure. However, Schlinger (1987) gave a world list of all this spider was detected only three hours be¬ known hosts of Acroceridae. On this list 22 of fore it started spinning the ultimate moulting a total of about 100 spider families are repre¬ web mentioned above. sented. Small spider species with an adult size In parasitized hunting spiders the retarded of less than 3 mm are lacking, apparently be¬ development can be a useful clue for detec¬ cause they do not offer enough nutriment for a tion. In the rearing of the Dutch specimen of parasitoid acrocerid to complete its develop¬ Ogcodes fumatus by the second author, the ment. Schlinger’s host list is dominated by parasitized spider was the most retarded of a hunting spiders, mostly Lycosidae and Sal- group of 25 specimens of Pardosa lugubris ticidae. The web building Agelenidae and (Walckenaer) collected simultaneously as Amaurobiidae are well represented, especially subadults and kept alive in order to record the in the New World, but other webbuilders are courtship. Dr D. Cordes (pers. comm.) had a nearly absent. The dominance of hunting spi¬ similar experience when rearing his only acro¬ ders and scarcity of webbuilders must be the cerid thus far. From a series of immature 174 Ent. Ber., Amst. 60 (2000) Alopecosa barbipes (Sundevall) all spiders tes for a possible synonymy are O.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Proceedings of the United States National Museum
    Proceedings of the United States National Museum SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION • WASHINGTON, D.C. Volume 111 1960 Number 3429 A REVISION OF THE GENUS OGCODES LATREILLE WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO SPECIES OF THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE By Evert I. Schlinger^ Introduction The cosmopolitan Ogcodes is the largest genus of the acrocerid or spider-parasite family. As the most highly evolved member of the subfamily Acrocerinae, I place it in the same general line of develop- ment as Holops Philippi, Villalus Cole, Thersitomyia Hunter, and a new South African genus.^ Ogcodes is most closely associated with the latter two genera . The Ogcodes species have never been treated from a world point of view, and this probably accounts for the considerable confusion that exists in the literature. However, several large regional works have been published that were found useful: Cole (1919, Nearctic), Brunetti (192G, miscellaneous species of the world, mostly from Africa and Australia), Pleske (1930, Palaearctic), Sack (1936. Palaearctic), and Sabrosky (1944, 1948, Nearctic). Up to this time 97 specific names have been applied to species and subspecies of this genus. Of these, 19 were considered synonyms, hence 78 species were assumed valid. With the description of 14 new species and the addition of one new name while finding onl}^ five new synonyms, 1 Department of Biological Control, University of California, Riverside, Calif. • This new genus, along with other new species and genera, is being described in forthcoming papers by the author. 227 228 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. m we find there are now 88 world species and subspecies. Thus, the total number of known forms is increased by 16 percent.
    [Show full text]
  • British Museum (Natural History)
    Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Darwin's Insects Charles Darwin 's Entomological Notes Kenneth G. V. Smith (Editor) Historical series Vol 14 No 1 24 September 1987 The Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), instituted in 1949, is issued in four scientific series, Botany, Entomology, Geology (incorporating Mineralogy) and Zoology, and an Historical series. Papers in the Bulletin are primarily the results of research carried out on the unique and ever-growing collections of the Museum, both by the scientific staff of the Museum and by specialists from elsewhere who make use of the Museum's resources. Many of the papers are works of reference that will remain indispensable for years to come. Parts are published at irregular intervals as they become ready, each is complete in itself, available separately, and individually priced. Volumes contain about 300 pages and several volumes may appear within a calendar year. Subscriptions may be placed for one or more of the series on either an Annual or Per Volume basis. Prices vary according to the contents of the individual parts. Orders and enquiries should be sent to: Publications Sales, British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, England. World List abbreviation: Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (hist. Ser.) © British Museum (Natural History), 1987 '""•-C-'- '.;.,, t •••v.'. ISSN 0068-2306 Historical series 0565 ISBN 09003 8 Vol 14 No. 1 pp 1-141 British Museum (Natural History) Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD Issued 24 September 1987 I Darwin's Insects Charles Darwin's Entomological Notes, with an introduction and comments by Kenneth G.
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera, Acroceridae
    Accepted Manuscript Anchored phylogenomics unravels the evolution of spider flies (Diptera, Acro- ceridae) and reveals discordance between nucleotides and amino acids Jessica P. Gillung, Shaun L. Winterton, Keith M. Bayless, Ziad Khouri, Marek L. Borowiec, David Yeates, Lynn S. Kimsey, Bernhard Misof, Seunggwan Shin, Xin Zhou, Christoph Mayer, Malte Petersen, Brian M. Wiegmann PII: S1055-7903(18)30223-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.08.007 Reference: YMPEV 6254 To appear in: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution Received Date: 5 April 2018 Revised Date: 3 August 2018 Accepted Date: 7 August 2018 Please cite this article as: Gillung, J.P., Winterton, S.L., Bayless, K.M., Khouri, Z., Borowiec, M.L., Yeates, D., Kimsey, L.S., Misof, B., Shin, S., Zhou, X., Mayer, C., Petersen, M., Wiegmann, B.M., Anchored phylogenomics unravels the evolution of spider flies (Diptera, Acroceridae) and reveals discordance between nucleotides and amino acids, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (2018), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.08.007 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Anchored phylogenomics unravels the evolution of spider flies (Diptera, Acroceridae) and reveals discordance between nucleotides and amino acids Jessica P.
    [Show full text]
  • EJC Cover Page
    Early Journal Content on JSTOR, Free to Anyone in the World This article is one of nearly 500,000 scholarly works digitized and made freely available to everyone in the world by JSTOR. Known as the Early Journal Content, this set of works include research articles, news, letters, and other writings published in more than 200 of the oldest leading academic journals. The works date from the mid-seventeenth to the early twentieth centuries. We encourage people to read and share the Early Journal Content openly and to tell others that this resource exists. People may post this content online or redistribute in any way for non-commercial purposes. Read more about Early Journal Content at http://about.jstor.org/participate-jstor/individuals/early- journal-content. JSTOR is a digital library of academic journals, books, and primary source objects. JSTOR helps people discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content through a powerful research and teaching platform, and preserves this content for future generations. JSTOR is part of ITHAKA, a not-for-profit organization that also includes Ithaka S+R and Portico. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICANENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY VOLUME XLV THE DIPTEROUS FAMILY CYRTIDAE IN NORTH AMERICA BY F. R. COLE U. S. Bureau of Entomology1 Introduction This paper is the result of about two years interrupted study of the dipterous family Cyrtidae. It is an interesting little group of insects with a remarkable range of variation in structure. The collecting of more material will no doubt cause some changes to be made in the status of a few species, and further study will reveal other characters for the separation of the different forms.
    [Show full text]
  • The Status and Distribution of the Horseflies Atylotus Plebeius and Hybomitra Lurida on the Cheshire Plain Area of North West England
    The status and distribution of the horseflies Atylotus plebeius and Hybomitra lurida on the Cheshire Plain area of North West England Including assessments of mire habitats and accounts of other horseflies (Tabanidae) Atylotus plebeius (Fallén) [Cheshire Horsefly]: male from Little Budworth Common 10th June 2018; female from Shemmy Moss 9th June 2018 A report to Gary Hedges, Tanyptera Regional Entomology Project Officer, Entomology, National Museums Liverpool, World Museum, William Brown Street, L3 8EN Email: [email protected] By entomological consultant Andrew Grayson, ‘Scardale’, High Lane, Beadlam, Nawton, York, YO62 7SX Email: [email protected] Based on The results of a survey carried out during 2018 Report submitted on 2nd March 2019 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . 1 SUMMARY . 1 THE CHESHIRE PLAIN AREA MIRES . 1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND TO ATYLOTUS PLEBEIUS IN THE CHESHIRE PLAIN AREA . 2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND TO HYBOMITRA LURIDA IN THE CHESHIRE PLAIN AREA . 2 OTHER HORSEFLIES RECORDED IN THE CHESHIRE PLAIN AREA . 3 METHODOLOGY FOR THE 2018 SURVEY . 3 INTRODUCTION . 3 RECONNAISSANCE . 4 THE SURVEY . 4 LOCALITIES . 5 ABBOTS MOSS COMPLEX MIRES ON FOREST CAMP LAND . 5 ABBOTS MOSS COMPLEX MIRES ON FORESTRY COMMISSION LAND . 7 BRACKENHURST BOG AND NEWCHURCH COMMON . 8 DELAMERE FOREST MIRES . 9 LITTLE BUDWORTH COMMON MIRES . 17 PETTY POOL AREA WETLANDS . 18 MISCELLANEOUS DELAMERE AREA MIRES . 19 WYBUNBURY MOSS AND CHARTLEY MOSS . 21 BROWN MOSS . 22 CLAREPOOL MOSS AND COLE MERE . 23 THE FENN’S, WHIXALL, BETTISFIELD, WEM AND CADNEY MOSSES COMPLEX SSSI MIRES . 24 POTENTIAL HOST ANIMALS FOR FEMALE TABANIDAE BLOOD MEALS . 26 RESULTS . 27 TABANIDAE . 27 SUMMARY . 27 SPECIES ACCOUNTS . 27 TABLE SHOWING DISSECTION OF HORSEFLY NUMBERS .
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera, Stratiomyidae) from Turkey
    Zootaxa 3815 (1): 119–130 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3815.1.8 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C30BB41B-4CBC-43E7-B2F7-A23612D31AFD Two new species of Lasiopa (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) from Turkey TURGAY ÜSTÜNER1 & ABDULLAH HASBENLİ2 1Selçuk Üniversity, Faculty of Science, Deparment of Biology, Campus Alaaddin Keykubat, 42075, Selçuklu, Konya, TURKEY. E-mail: [email protected]. 2Gazi Üniversity, Faculty of Science, Deparment of Biology, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey Abstract Two new species, Lasiopa aksarayiensis sp. n. and Lasiopa aktasii sp. n. are described from the Central Anatolian stepe in Turkey. All diagnostic characters are illustrated and possible relationships of both taxa are briefly discussed. The first record of Lasiopa pseudovillosa (Rozkošný, 1983) from Turkey is presented and additional Turkish localities of Lasiopa caucasica (Pleske, 1901) are recorded and an identification key to all the Palaearctic species of Lasiopa is given. Key words: Lasiopa aksarayiensis, L. aktasii, new species, Stratiomyidae, Turkey, taxonomy Introduction Lasiopa Brullé was placed in the Nemotelinae by Woodley (2001) in his cladistic analysis based on morphologic characters of Stratiomyidae. The genus is characterised by the eyes separated by a narrow band-shaped frons in the male and the broader frons in all females (1), usually dark antennae consist of two basal segments and 6 flagellomeres, the last 2–3 flagellomeres being densely or sparsely haired in some other species (2), the proboscis is slender or stout, long or short (3), the scutellum without any spine-like processes (4), legs entirely black or kness and tarsal segments largely yellow (5), and the abdomen is black, with a pair of abdominal side-markings on tergites 2–4, being usally narrow, stripe-like and well separated, but fused medially in some females (6).
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Alberta 2005
    September 2006 ISSN 0071-0709 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 53rd ANNUAL MEETING OF THE Entomological Society of Alberta Held jointly with the Entomological Society of Canada November 2-5, 2005 Canmore, Alberta Contents ESA executive and meeting committees.........................................................................1 President’s Report.............................................................................................................2 Program of events .............................................................................................................3 Greetings from the ESC ....................................................................................................5 Welcome from the ESA .....................................................................................................5 Abstracts of submitted papers and posters....................................................................6 Minutes of the Fall Executive Meeting...........................................................................50 Minutes of the Annual General Meeting ........................................................................61 Annual Financial Report .................................................................................................64 Annual Report of the Webmaster...................................................................................65 ESC Director Report........................................................................................................66 ESA Membership list.......................................................................................................75
    [Show full text]
  • Free Executive Summary
    http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11761.html We ship printed books within 1 business day; personal PDFs are available immediately. Status of Pollinators in North America Committee on the Status of Pollinators in North America, National Research Council ISBN: 0-309-66381-4, 326 pages, 6 x 9, (2007) This PDF is available from the National Academies Press at: http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11761.html Visit the National Academies Press online, the authoritative source for all books from the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Research Council: • Download hundreds of free books in PDF • Read thousands of books online for free • Explore our innovative research tools – try the “Research Dashboard” now! • Sign up to be notified when new books are published • Purchase printed books and selected PDF files Thank you for downloading this PDF. If you have comments, questions or just want more information about the books published by the National Academies Press, you may contact our customer service department toll- free at 888-624-8373, visit us online, or send an email to [email protected]. This book plus thousands more are available at http://www.nap.edu. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF File are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Distribution, posting, or copying is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. Request reprint permission for this book. Status of Pollinators in North America http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11761.html 2 Status of Pollinators A definitive assessment of the status of pollinator populations in North America will hinge on the quality and availability of data from a variety of well-corroborated sources, and such information is not available for every taxon.
    [Show full text]
  • F. Christian Thompson Neal L. Evenhuis and Curtis W. Sabrosky Bibliography of the Family-Group Names of Diptera
    F. Christian Thompson Neal L. Evenhuis and Curtis W. Sabrosky Bibliography of the Family-Group Names of Diptera Bibliography Thompson, F. C, Evenhuis, N. L. & Sabrosky, C. W. The following bibliography gives full references to 2,982 works cited in the catalog as well as additional ones cited within the bibliography. A concerted effort was made to examine as many of the cited references as possible in order to ensure accurate citation of authorship, date, title, and pagination. References are listed alphabetically by author and chronologically for multiple articles with the same authorship. In cases where more than one article was published by an author(s) in a particular year, a suffix letter follows the year (letters are listed alphabetically according to publication chronology). Authors' names: Names of authors are cited in the bibliography the same as they are in the text for proper association of literature citations with entries in the catalog. Because of the differing treatments of names, especially those containing articles such as "de," "del," "van," "Le," etc., these names are cross-indexed in the bibliography under the various ways in which they may be treated elsewhere. For Russian and other names in Cyrillic and other non-Latin character sets, we follow the spelling used by the authors themselves. Dates of publication: Dating of these works was obtained through various methods in order to obtain as accurate a date of publication as possible for purposes of priority in nomenclature. Dates found in the original works or by outside evidence are placed in brackets after the literature citation.
    [Show full text]
  • Composition Et Structure De La Biocénose Consommatrice Des Aranéides
    Revue Arachnologique. 5 (4), 1984 : 211-237. Composition et structure de la biocénose consommatrice des Aranéides par Christine ROLLARD* Abstract Although the parasitism of spiders and their eocoons was discovered a long time ago, it still remains generally unrecognized. The llumerous data, thoughvery often outdated, sometimes anecdotic and of very unequal value, allow us,however, to approach the «parasitical» biocenose of spiders, which includs Fungus, Bacteria, Nematodes, Mites and in particular Insects. This parasitism, internaI andexternal, is exerted in cocoons, on young or adult spiders. The real significance of the parasitism and of their various modalities is argued. Résumé Le parasitisme des araignées et de leurs cocons, bien que signalé depuis long­ temps, reste encore très largement méconnu. Les données nombreuses mais trop sou­ vent anciennes, parfois anecdotiques, et d'intérêt fort inégal, permettent cependant une approche de la biocénose «parasitaire» des Aranéides, rassemblant des Champi­ gnons, des Bactéries, des Nématodes, des Acariens et surtout des Insectes. Ce parasi­ tisme, interne et externe, s'exerce dans les cocons, sur les jeunes ou les adultes. La notion même de parasitisme et de ses diverses modalités est discutée. * Adresse de l'auteur: Laboratoire de Zoologie et d'Ecologie, Université de Rennes l, Campus de Beaulieu, Avenue Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes cedex. 212 C. ROLLARD Introduction Les données bibliographiques sont principalement constituées de notes sommai­ res et éparses. Nous tentons donc ici d'en présenter une synthèse, sans pour cela pré­ tendre à l'exhaustivité. AUTEN (1925) a présenté une liste des insectes rencontrés jusqu'alors dans les cocons d'araignées. EASON (1967) et EVANS (1969) l'ont complétée et y ont ajouté des parasites externes et internes, citant essentiellement des Hyménoptères, des Diptères et des Névroptères.
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera), with Discussion of Species Limits of Acrocera Orbiculus (Fabricius) Based on DNA-Barcoding
    Zootaxa 3780 (1): 135–152 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3780.1.5 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:86473618-EA0D-40A4-BDE0-452A60233ED8 New host records for European Acroceridae (Diptera), with discussion of species limits of Acrocera orbiculus (Fabricius) based on DNA-barcoding CHRISTIAN KEHLMAIER1 & JORGE MOTA ALMEIDA2 1c/o Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Museum of Zoology, Koenigsbruecker Landstrasse 159, 01109 Dresden, Ger- many. E-mail: [email protected] 2Rua da Póvoa Dão, Casal Jusão, P-3500-532 Silgueiros, Viseu, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract New European host records for the Acroceridae species Acrocera orbiculus (Fabricius) and Ogcodes reginae Trojan are reported. Acrocera orbiculus was reared from Amaurobius erberi (Keyserling), and O. reginae from Clubiona leucaspis (Simon) and Evarcha jucunda (Lucas). Where possible, DNA-barcodes are presented for reared endoparasitoids and their host specimens. Based on mitochondrial COI, the intraspecific genetic variability of 15 western Palaearctic A. orbiculus is discussed. Maximum likelihood analysis reveals two clades, though they have low statistical support and no distinct barcoding gap. Therefore, we consider all barcoded specimens of A. orbiculus to be a single biological species with a high degree of phenotypic plasticity regarding body size and coloration. Based on molecular and morphological evidence, Paracrocera kaszabi Majer, Paracrocera manevali Séguy and Paracrocera minuscula Séguy are placed in synonymy with A. orbiculus. The male of the Canary Islands endemic Acrocera cabrerae Frey is described for the first time.
    [Show full text]
  • NOTA / NOTE the Insects of the Gaia Biological Park, Northern Portugal (4Th Note): Preliminary List of the Diptera (Insecta)
    ISSN: 1989-6581 Grosso-Silva & Andrade (2011) www.aegaweb.com/arquivos_entomoloxicos ARQUIVOS ENTOMOLÓXICOS, 5: 45-49 NOTA / NOTE The insects of the Gaia Biological Park, northern Portugal (4th note): Preliminary list of the Diptera (Insecta). José Manuel Grosso-Silva 1 & Rui Andrade 2 1 CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal. e-mail: [email protected] 2 Rua Dr. Abel Varzim, 16, 2 – D. 4750-253 Barcelos, Portugal. e-mail:[email protected] Abstract: Twenty-six species of Diptera are recorded for the first time from the Gaia Biological Park (northern Portugal), raising the known local diversity of this group to 46 species. A list including the novelties and the previously recorded 20 species is presented and the particular interest of the records of two of the novelties is highlighted. Key words: Diptera, Gaia Biological Park, northern Portugal, novelties, bibliographic catalogue. Resumen: Los insectos del Parque Biológico de Gaia, norte de Portugal (4ª nota): Lista preliminar de los Diptera (Insecta). Veintiséis especies de insectos pertenecientes al orden Diptera se registran por primera vez del Parque Biológico de Gaia (norte de Portugal), elevando el catálogo local del grupo a 46 especies. Se presenta una lista con las novedades y las 20 especies citadas anteriormente y se comenta el interés especial de las citas de dos de las novedades. Palabras clave: Diptera, Parque Biológico de Gaia, norte de Portugal, novedades, citas interesantes. Recibido: 17 de febrero de 2011 Publicado on-line: 22 de febrero de 2011 Aceptado: 19 de febrero de 2011 Introduction The insect fauna of the Gaia Biological Park (PBG, from the Portuguese “Parque Biológico de Gaia”) has recently been the subject of a number of papers dealing with the orders Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Mecoptera and Orthoptera (CARLES-TOLRÁ, 2009; CORLEY et al., 2009; FERREIRA et al., 2009; GROSSO-SILVA & SOARES-VIEIRA, 2009a, 2009b, 2009c, 2011; GROSSO-SILVA, 2010).
    [Show full text]