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Evaluation of Smurd Project Institutul de Relaţii Internaţionale din Moldova RELAŢII INTERNAŢIONALE. Plus TRANSFRONTAL COOPERATION ROMANIA - REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA. CASE STUDY: EVALUATION OF SMURD PROJECT Constantin-Vasile ŢOCA, PhD, University of Oradea, Romania Aliona MOROZAN, master student, University of Oradea, Romania Abstract One of the challenges of the EU-Moldova relations is the cooperation on the more active involvement of the Moldovan border regions in solving the regional pro- blems through cross-border cooperation programs and initiatives. In this context, we wanted to analyze the bilateral relations between Romania and the Republic of Moldova through the cross-border cooperation programs. According to the Associa- tion of European Border Regions “Cross-border cooperation involves the planning, development and implementation of mutual projects between administrations, civil society groups and trade institutions belonging to the border areas of neighboring countries.” As the case study, we will evaluate the SMURD project, “Improvement of the response capacity of Mobile Emergency Service for Resuscitation and Extrication (SMURD)” as an example of good practice. Keywords: Cross-border cooperation CBC, Romania, Republic of Moldova, Cross-border projects, SMURD CZU: 339.9:61(478+498) Introduction. The bilateral relations between the Republic of Moldo- va and Romania present an advanced degree of complexity due to com- mon history, language and traditions. In order to have a more accurate picture of cross-border cooperation (CBC) in general, in order to cus- tomize CBC at the border between Romania and the Republic of Mol- dova, we will review some conceptual delimitations of CBC. Borders 278 Institutul de Relaţii Revistă ştiinţifico-practică Nr.1/2019 Internaţionale din Moldova also favor differences in salaries, working conditions, prices, taxes, the business environment, and law enforcement. [1] In this context, borders can also be an opportunity if they can benefit from regional development. The use of a border as a gateway - legal or illegal - means that the border is a resource for those who operate on it, generating benefits that would not be available without frontiers. [2] The border between states has also been seen as an obstacle to the development in the regions. These regions are often peripheral ones because daily contacts along the border are not possible for historical and security reasons. And in this context, it is ne- cessary to transform the border into a possibility of development both at the internal and external borders of the EU [3]. Cross-border cooperation becomes one of the most important instru- ments, but also stages in the gradual realization of European integration. European integration needs these cross-border spaces to prove reliability, originality and legitimacy, these regions become a kind of privileged labo- ratories of the European construction. Cross-border cooperation is a result of stability, but also a tool to prevent conflicts and possible divisions. [4] By Article 2. 1. of the Madrid Convention 1980, cross-border cooperati- on is defined as: “any concerted action designed to reinforce and foster ne- ighbourly relations between territorial communities or authorities within the jurisdiction of two or more Contracting Parties and the conclusion of any agreement and arrangement necessary for this purpose. Transfrontier co-operation shall take place in the framework of territorial communities’ or authorities’ powers as defined in domestic law. The scope and nature of such powers shall not be altered by this Convention. “[5]. Another definition for the concept of cross-border cooperation wo- uld be a concerted process for establishing neighborhood relations between local decision-makers and authorities on both sides of a state border, being a diverse process involving relationships, actors, legal, institutional frameworks and financial instruments. [6]. Cross-border cooperation can be conceived in relation to direct colla- boration between areas along the border. Collaboration can be done in all areas, between national, local and regional authorities, involving all actors. The credibility, efficiency and legitimacy of European construc- tion and integration are also dependent on the success of cross-border cooperation. [7] A basic principle of cross-border cooperation would be to create contractual areas in frontier areas in order to find common 279 Institutul de Relaţii Internaţionale din Moldova RELAŢII INTERNAŢIONALE. Plus solutions to similar problems and not to ignore the specificities and particularities of the neighborhood issues it is facing. [8]. Cross-border cooperation is a key element of EU policy towards its neighbors. It supports sustainable development along the EU’s borders, helps to reduce differences in living standards and address common challenges along these borders, promotes cooperation between EU countries and border countries with the EU. Fundings can also be pro- vided through a program between several EU neighboring states which are located, for example, in the same area. [9]. Cooperation was designed on the basis of the principles of the Eu- ropean Union’s territorial cooperation model, but adapted to the spe- cificity of the Union’s external cooperation. What characterizes cross- border cooperation programs and makes them a unique cooperation mechanism is the firm commitment and ownership of participating countries based on: • a balanced partnership between the countries involved in the border: member states and neighboring countries have equal rights in pro- gram decision-making and projects receive budget only if they are implemented by partners from both sides; • management is entrusted to a local or national authority from a mem- ber state, selected jointly by all countries participating in the program; • the common legal framework and the implementing rules. [10] There are three main objectives on which cross-border cooperation is based: • promoting economic and social development in border areas; • tackling common challenges (public health, environment, safety and security); • creating better conditions for the mobility of people, goods and the European Neighborhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI or ENPI) complemented existing instruments and worked on the experience of the Neighborhood Program initiated for the period 2004-2006; • the financing was based on the following main objectives: • promoting viable development in border regions; • cooperation in the field of environment, public security; • conflict prevention and organized crime; • promoting cross-border cooperation at local level [11]. • ENI CBC aims to create a common area of prosperity and good ne- 280 Institutul de Relaţii Revistă ştiinţifico-practică Nr.1/2019 Internaţionale din Moldova ighborhood among EU Member States, to which end the ENI has three strategic objectives [12]: • to promote economic and social development in the regions on both sides of the common borders; • to address common challenges in the environmental, public health, safety and security spheres; • to promote better conditions and ways to ensure the mobility of pe- ople, goods and capital. Case Study: Evaluating the project “Improvement of the res- ponse capacity of Mobile Emergency Service for Resuscitation and Extrication (SMURD) through a joint integrated system for effici- ent monitoring and disaster consequences mitigation, in regard to the population in the common boundaries Romania, Ukraine and Republic of Moldova“. A project of major importance and a special utility in the Romania - Moldova cooperation relations was the expansion of SMURD services in the Republic of Moldova. Funded under the Romania - Ukraine - Republic of Moldova Operational Program 2007- 2013 and implemented by the Mi- nistry of Internal Affairs through the General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations in Romania (IGSUR), the project “Improvement of the response capacity of Mobile Emergency Service for Resuscitation and Extrication (SMURD) through a joint integrated system for efficient monitoring and di- saster consequences mitigation, in regard to the population in the common boundaries Romania, Ukraine and Republic of Moldova”, was officially launched on August 8, 2013. [13] The SMURD project falls under Priority 2 - “Environment and Emergency Preparedness”. The aim of this project is to create and strengthen an integrated, joint medical system, effective monitoring and disaster mitigation, improved emergency preparedness and intervention in line with EU standards and procedures [14]. This project has increased the responsiveness of mo- bile emergency services, resuscitation and decommissioning along the common borders with Romania, by air, ground and water. Project budget: 6. 675,959.34 euros External contribution: 6,008,363.41 euros Co-financing amount: 667,595.94 euros Duration: March 2013 - March 2015 Applicant: General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations of MIA, Ro- 281 Institutul de Relaţii Internaţionale din Moldova RELAŢII INTERNAŢIONALE. Plus mania Partners: General Inspectorate of Aviation of the MIA (Romania) and the Civil Protection and Emergency Situations Service of the MIA (Re- public of Moldova). [15] The main objectives and activities of the project: 1. General objectives • improvement of the quality of public emergency services in the cross-border area of ​​Romania (Iaşi, Vaslui, Galati, Tulcea, Braila) - Republic of Moldova, increase of management intervention capacity in emergency situations and increase the level of health and safety
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