DOCSLIB.ORG

Regulatory Issues Regarding Food Applications of Sodium Chlorite

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Regulatory Issues Regarding Food Applications of Sodium Chlorite ® Basic Chemicals Sodium Chlorite Regulatory Issues Regarding Food Applications Introduction food components and raw materials as well as food The application of sodium chlorite and chlorine dioxide in additives. All food additives must be approved prior to food processing is a complex issue. It is often difficult to use; food does not have to be. The fact that food does identify the regulatory agency that is responsible for not require prior approval is not as big a loophole as may overseeing the use of sodium chlorite and/or chlorine first appear, since food becomes a food additive if it is dioxide in a particular segment of the food processing used as a component in another food (e.g., a potato in industry. In some cases, more than one agency has stew), unless it is excluded from the food additive jurisdiction. Congress passed the Antimicrobial definition because it is GRAS--as in the case with Regulation Technical Corrections Act of 1998 1 to clarify potatoes."2 the roles of EPA and FDA in regulating antimicrobial products used on food. This Technical Data Sheet GRAS and GRAS Affirmation: attempts to provide a history of FDA opinions, policies, "Food which is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) is and regulations regarding food processing applications. excluded from the food additive definition and its accompanying strict standards. To achieve GRAS As we review the different types of Food and Drug status, several requirements must be met. First, there Administration (FDA) communications it is important to must be a general recognition of safety. To prove this, understand the relative value of each type of document. the proponent of the substance must introduce testimony A good understanding of the following terms will also be regarding the state of scientific knowledge. [21 CFR helpful: Indirect Food Additive, GRAS and GRAS 170.30(a)]. Second, it must be established that the Affirmation. These topics are covered in detail under the GRAS supporting experts are qualified to evaluate the next two headings. substances by virtue of their scientific training and experience. And third, for pre-1958 substances, general Indirect Food Additive: recognition of safety may be established through "Indirect food additives are not directly and intentionally experience based on common use in food. added to a food for some functional purpose. "GRAS status is a question of fact that exists "Two important threshold factors are: First, an additive independent of whether FDA has considered the issue. must be a 'substance.' Second, the substance must However, manufacturers that wish to claim GRAS status become a component or otherwise affect the are in a much better regulatory position with the FDA's characteristics of the food as a result of its intended use. endorsement of GRAS status."2 "If a substance is an added substance in food, a more FDA Advisory Opinions, Information Statements or stringent measure of harm is applicable than if the Letters by Agency Personnel: substance were a naturally occurring component in food. "There are many questions for which no adequate rule or precedent exists. In such a case, you may wish to "It is important to distinguish between 'food additive' and obtain an opinion from the Food and Drug 'food.' Food is an extremely broad term that includes Administration. Using the form specified in the 600-302 Sodium Chlorite 08/2018 Important: The information presented herein, while not guaranteed, was prepared by technical personnel and is true and accurate to the best of our knowledge. NO WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR WARRANTY OR GUARANTY OF ANY OTHER KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IS MADE REGARDING PERFORMANCE, SAFETY, SUITABILITY, STABILITY OR OTHERWISE. This information is not intended to be all-inclusive as to the manner and conditions of use, handling, storage, disposal and other factors that may involve other or additional legal, environmental, safety 14555 Dallas Parkway, Suite 400 or performance considerations, and Occidental Chemical Corporation assumes no liability Dallas, TX 75254 whatsoever for the use of or reliance upon this information. While our technical personnel will be happy to respond to questions, safe handling and use of the product remains the 800-752-5151 responsibility of the customer. No suggestions for use are intended as, and nothing herein shall be construed as, a recommendation to infringe any existing patents or to violate any Federal, State, local or foreign laws. ® Basic Chemicals regulation, the request must indicate the issue involved and guidelines might not be accepted by the Agency. together with a full statement of the facts and legal Such opinions, they argue, are intended to help industry points relative to the request. [21 CFR 10.85]. The to comply, and preambles to proposed rules are an request may be denied if, in the view of the important vehicle for announcing Agency policies. A Commissioner, the request: is incomplete, 'cannot question of fairness is raised if the Agency seeks to reasonably be given on the matter involved,' a prior make advisory opinions immune from judicial review. advisory opinion or regulation adequately covers the The Agency has yet to issue a final rule on this subject. matter, the request does not raise a policy issue of broad applicability, or the 'Commissioner otherwise concludes "An advisory opinion represents FDA's formal position. that an advisory opinion would not be in the public It obligates the Agency to act in conformity until the interest.' [21 CFR 10.85(a)]. opinion is amended or revoked. Except in unusual situations involving an immediate and significant danger "Formerly, advisory opinions were binding. In 1992, to health, FDA may not recommend legal action against however, FDA proposed to revise its advisory a person or product with respect to an action taken in opinion rules, [57 FR 47314, October 15, 1992 , conformity with an unrevoked advisory opinion. listed at 21 CFR 10.85 and 10.90], to indicate that advisory opinions would no longer be binding "Amendment or revocation of an advisory opinion may but 'simply represent the Agency's best advice be affected at any time. Federal Register publication is on the matter at issue at the time they are adequate notice of the revocation or amendment of an rendered.' advisory opinion. As an alternative to the Federal Register publication, the regulations provide for Guidelines would have the same status as opinions, amendment or revocation 'in the same manner as the providing 'useful information' about Agency practices notice of the advisory opinion was originally given.' [21 and procedures. The proposal includes, in its definition CFR 10.85(g)]. of an advisory opinion, what would not be binding not only statements in preambles to proposed regulations "Care should be taken to distinguish between formal but also preambles to final regulations. The only advisory opinions and informal statements or letters by documents that would not be deemed advisory Agency personnel. An informal opinion, whether written opinions would be codified regulations and final or oral, does not bind the Agency. (FDA letter to the orders issued through formal rulemaking contrary does not bar enforcement proceedings.) procedures. "Advisory opinions often take a year or more from the "The Agency proposed taking these steps on grounds time the opinion is initially requested. Often the that: (1) the courts have found that advisory opinions Agency's decision does not provide the clear-cut are not generally binding; (2) obliging FDA to follow guidance the request sought to evoke. advisory opinions and guidelines may limit the Agency's ability to respond to specific situations; (3) finally, the "The majority of FDA advisory opinions are not proposed regulations respond to the case Community denominated as such. Trade Correspondence (only Nutrition Institute v. Young 818 F.2d 943 (DC. Cir. 1987) issued between 1938 and 1946), compliance policy which called into question FDA's procedures for issuing guides, and guidelines (relating to test procedures, advisory opinions and guidelines that purposed to be protocols, ingredient specifications, labeling or other binding. technical or policy criteria) are advisory opinions. Any portion of the Federal Register notice -- other than the "Industry groups have opposed this change on the text of a final rule -- is also an advisory opinion. These grounds that good faith efforts to comply with what opinions are readily revoked or amended by inconsistent appears to be regulatory requirements in formal opinions statements in later Federal Register issues, so extreme 600-302 Sodium Chlorite 08/2018 Important: The information presented herein, while not guaranteed, was prepared by technical personnel and is true and accurate to the best of our knowledge. NO WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR WARRANTY OR GUARANTY OF ANY OTHER KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IS MADE REGARDING PERFORMANCE, SAFETY, SUITABILITY, STABILITY OR OTHERWISE. This information is not intended to be all-inclusive as to the manner and conditions of use, handling, storage, disposal and other factors that may involve other or additional legal, environmental, safety 14555 Dallas Parkway, Suite 400 or performance considerations, and Occidental Chemical Corporation assumes no liability Dallas, TX 75254 whatsoever for the use of or reliance upon this information. While our technical personnel will be happy to respond to questions, safe handling and use of the product remains the 800-752-5151 responsibility of the customer. No suggestions for use are intended as, and nothing herein shall be construed as, a recommendation to infringe any existing patents or to violate any Federal, State, local or foreign laws. ® Basic Chemicals caution must be exercised in relying upon a statement in Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to grant any the preamble of a proposed or final rule as an advisory exemption for the illegal use of a food additive.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Annex XV Dossier PROPOSAL for IDENTIFICATION of A
    ANNEX XV – IDENTIFICATION OF C,C'-AZODI(FORMAMIDE) (ADCA) AS SVHC Annex XV dossier PROPOSAL FOR IDENTIFICATION OF A SUBSTANCE AS A CMR 1A OR 1B, PBT, vPvB OR A SUBSTANCE OF AN EQUIVALENT LEVEL OF CONCERN Substance Name(s): C,C'-azodi(formamide) (ADCA) EC Number(s): 204-650-8 CAS Number(s): 123-77-3 Submitted by: Environment Agency Austria on behalf of the Austrian Competent Authority (Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management) 1 CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................................................................5 PROPOSAL FOR IDENTIFICATION OF A SUBSTANCE AS A CMR 1A OR1B, PBT, VPVB OR A SUBSTANCE OF AN EQUIVALENT LEVEL OF CONCERN ........................................................................................................8 PART I..........................................................................................................................................................................10 JUSTIFICATION .........................................................................................................................................................10 1 IDENTITY OF THE SUBSTANCE AND PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES .................................10 1.1 Name and other identifiers of the substance ...................................................................................................10 1.2 Composition of the substance.........................................................................................................................11
    [Show full text]
  • Whole Foods Market Unacceptable Ingredients for Food (As of March 15, 2019)
    Whole Foods Market Unacceptable Ingredients for Food (as of March 15, 2019) 2,4,5-trihydroxybutyrophenone (THBP) benzoyl peroxide acesulfame-K benzyl alcohol acetoin (synthetic) beta-cyclodextrin acetone peroxides BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole) acetylated esters of mono- and diglycerides BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) activated charcoal bleached flour advantame bromated flour aluminum ammonium sulfate brominated vegetable oil aluminum potassium sulfate burnt alum aluminum starch octenylsuccinate butylparaben aluminum sulfate caffeine (extended release) ammonium alum calcium benzoate ammonium chloride calcium bromate ammonium saccharin calcium disodium EDTA ammonium sulfate calcium peroxide apricot kernel/extract calcium propionate artificial sweeteners calcium saccharin aspartame calcium sorbate azo dyes calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate azodicarbonamide canthaxanthin bacillus subtilis DE111 caprocaprylobehenin bacteriophage preparation carmine bentonite CBD/cannabidiol benzoates certified colors benzoic acid charcoal powder benzophenone Citrus Red No. 2 Page 1 of 4 cochineal foie gras DATEM gardenia blue diacetyl (synthetic) GMP dimethyl Silicone gold/gold leaf dimethylpolysiloxane heptylparaben dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS) hexa-, hepta- and octa-esters of sucrose disodium 5'-ribonucleotides high-fructose corn syrup/HFCS disodium calcium EDTA hjijiki disodium dihydrogen EDTA hydrogenated oils disodium EDTA inosine monophosphate disodium guanylate insect Flour disodium inosinate iron oxide dodecyl gallate kava/kava kava EDTA lactic acid esters of monoglycerides erythrosine lactylated esters of mono- and diglycerides ethoxyquin ma huang ethyl acrylate (synthetic) methyl silicon ethyl vanillin (synthetic) methylparaben ethylene glycol microparticularized whey protein derived fat substitute ethylene oxide monoammonium glutamate eugenyl methyl ether (synthetic) monopotassium glutamate FD&C Blue No. 1 monosodium glutamate FD&C Blue No. 2 myrcene (synthetic) FD&C Colors natamycin (okay in cheese-rind wax) FD&C Green No.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2004/0146601A1 Oszlanyi Et Al
    US 2004O1466O1A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2004/0146601A1 OSzlanyi et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jul. 29, 2004 (54) DOUGH CONDITIONER (52) U.S. Cl. ................................................................ 426/18 (76) Inventors: Antal G. Oszlanyi, Mooresville, NC (US); Azarel Nieves, Lafayette, LA (57) ABSTRACT (US) Correspondence Address: A method of improving the properties of dough and the PATTON BOGGS LLP quality of bread by adding to the flour a versatile dough SYSPARK DRIVE conditioner which includes an enzyme preparation consist MCLEAN, VA 22102 (US) ing of an amylase, hemicellulase, and a lipase, oxidizing agent containing ascorbic acid and azodicarbonamide, and a (21) Appl. No.: 10/352,096 Sulfhydryl reducing agent. The enzyme preparation has the advantageous effect of lowering the percent by weight of (22) Filed: Jan. 28, 2003 additives relative to the flour, while improving the ability to Publication Classification process the dough and the properties of the final baking product. The invention is effective in a variety of baking (51) Int. Cl. .................................................... A23L 1/10 methods and all types of yeast leavened products. US 2004/0146601 A1 Jul. 29, 2004 DOUGH CONDITIONER dough of Similar or Superior quality. The conditioner is remarkably versatile and capable of performing in a variety BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION of baking methods without a noticeable difference in crumb Structure or loaf Volume. 0001) 1. Field of the Invention 0007 Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention 0002 The present invention relates to a dough condi to provide an effective replacement for potassium bromate. tioner and to a method of using the conditioner to improve bread quality.
    [Show full text]
  • Determination of Azodicarbonamide in Flour
    Application Note 1106 Note Application Determination of Azodicarbonamide in Flour Liu Lvye,1 Jin Yan,1 Xu Qun,1 and Jeffrey Rohrer2 1Thermo Fisher Scientific, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2Thermo Fisher Scientific, Sunnyvale, CA, USA Key Words Azobisformamide, HPLC, Syncronis Amino Column, Food Additive, Food Safety, Food Analysis Goal Azodicarbonamide has been linked to respiratory issues, allergies, and asthma. Therefore, this efficient high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to determine azodicarbonamide in flour. Introduction Azodicarbonamide (structure shown in Figure 1) is used as a flour bleaching agent to improve the appearance of the final product. Azodicarbonamide reacts with moist flour as an oxidizing agent; the main reaction product is biurea, a derivative of urea, which is stable during baking.1 The World Health Organization has linked azodicarbonamide to respiratory issues, allergies, and asthma among individuals at workplaces where azodicarbonamide is manufactured or handled in raw form.2 In the United States and China, limited amounts of azodicarbonamide are considered safe and its addition Equipment, Software, and Consumables to flour is allowed up to 45 and 20 mg/Kg, respectively.3,4 • Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ UltiMate™ 3000 In Australia and Europe, azodicarbonamide is banned Rapid Separation LC (RSLC) system, including: as a food additive.5 Therefore, it is necessary to – LPG-3400RS Quaternary Pump with SRD-3400 establish efficient and sensitive methods to determine Integrated
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent Office Patented Oct
    3,840,668 United States Patent Office Patented Oct. 8, 1974 1. 2 Metaphosphates 3,840,668 METAPHOSPHATES AS DOUGH IMPROVERS Examples of metaphosphates suitable for use in the Robert R. Joiner, Belleville, and Frederick D. Vidal, present invention include sodium hexametaphosphate, so Englewood Cliffs, N.J., assignors to Pennwalt Corpo dium trimetaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate (all ration, Philadelphia, Pa. available from a number of chemical manufacturers), No Drawing. Filed Sept. 13, 1971, Ser. No. 180,157 Calgon SQ phosphate (available from Calgon Company) nt. C. A21d 2/02, 2/04, 2/24 which represent linear, polylinear and polycyclic meta U.S. C. 426-22 5 Claims phosphate compositions having a wide range of molecular weights which generally are described as powdered or O amorphous, glassy materials. Thus the term metaphos ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE phate, as used herein includes the polyphosphate produced A bread dough, containing about 2-50 (preferably 5 by heating simple metaphosphate to eliminate H2O, as is 10), parts per million (based on flour present) of a meta well-known in the art, and the glassy phosphate produced phosphate either alone or in combination with a conven by fusion and rapid cooling of the metaphosphate. tional oxidizing agent, yields in the finished loaf, when 5 baked by any typical commercial process, increased Oxidizing Agent volume and improved grain and texture and volume to weight ratio compared with a bread prepared from a Particularly enhanced results are obtained upon baking dough not containing the required additive within the a bread dough containing 2-50 parts per million meta phosphate and also a conventional amount of an oxidiz defined limits.
    [Show full text]
  • Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 38. N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE. First Draft Prepared by R.G. Liteplo
    This report contains the collective views of an international group of experts and does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organization, or the World Health Organization. Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 38 N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE First draft prepared by R.G. Liteplo and M.E. Meek, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada, and W. Windle, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Canada Please note that the layout and pagination of this pdf file are not necessarily identical to the printed CICAD Published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organization, and the World Health Organization, and produced within the framework of the Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals. World Health Organization Geneva, 2002 The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), established in 1980, is a joint venture of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the International Labour Organization (ILO), and the World Health Organization (WHO). The overall objectives of the IPCS are to establish the scientific basis for assessment of the risk to human health and the environment from exposure to chemicals, through international peer review processes, as a prerequisite for the promotion of chemical safety, and to provide technical assistance in strengthening national capacities for the sound management of chemicals. The Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC) was established in 1995 by UNEP, ILO, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, WHO, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, the United Nations Institute for Training and Research, and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (Participating Organizations), following recommendations made by the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development to strengthen cooperation and increase coordination in the field of chemical safety.
    [Show full text]
  • Exposure Estimate for Semicarbazide from the Use of Azodicarbonamide in Bread for the U.S. Population S
    Exposure Estimate for Semicarbazide from the Use of Azodicarbonamide in Bread for the U.S. Population S. Bhagan, D. Doell, H. Lee, T. Croce, and S. Carberry U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740 Introduction Identification of Bread Products Method of Estimating Exposure Results Analytical Data Containing ADA as an Ingredient Azodicarbonamide (ADA) is approved for use (21 CFR 172.806): Dietary exposure estimates for SEM from the use of ADA in bread and bread products Table 1: Eaters-only Exposure to SEM (μg/p/d) for the U.S. Population Aged 2 Years and Older Based on 2009-2012 Table 3: Eaters-only Exposure to SEM (μg/p/d) for Children Aged 2-5 Years Based on 2009-2012 NHANES 2-Day Food Table 5: Range of SEM Analytical Results (μg/kg) for Bread and Bread Products Considered in the Exposure Estimate were performed using two different sets of food consumption data: 1) the combined NHANES 2- Day Food Consumption Data. Consumption Data. Bagels <5 - 117 Submarine Rolls 35 - 1260 • As an aging and bleaching ingredient in cereal flour in an amount not to exceed Two different sources were used to identify bread products labeled as containing ADA: 2009-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2-day Low Exposure Average Exposure High Exposure Low Exposure Average Exposure High Exposure Biscuits <5 - 767 Wheat Breads <5 - 191 2.05 grams per 100 pounds of flour (0.0045 percent; 45 parts per million). dietary intake survey; and 2) the 2007-2010 NPD Group, Inc. National Eating Scenario Scenario Scenario Scenario
    [Show full text]
  • Seacon Product Guide 2011
    CORPORATE STATEMENT eacon Corporation was founded in Akron, Ohio in 1995 with a goal to provide a higher level of personal service to corpora- tions purchasing rubber chemicals. We noticed that suppliers were inter- ested only in selling chemicals rather than creating long-term partnerships, causing dissatisfaction for Fortune 1000 companies who desired strong technical support, innovation, con- sistent quality, and alternative over- seas sourcing. Seacon was founded to fill that market void. Seacon is dedi- cated to providing the highest levels of integrity, personal service, technical support, and product quality to solve the challenges of our clients and build mutually rewarding long-term relationships. Seacon’s bold new strategy and market leadership has been rewarded with immediate success and has enjoyed uninterrupted growth. We were one of the early pioneers to source rubber chemicals from China and currently maintain an office in Shanghai to manage our network of suppliers. Seacon imports the highest quality chemicals available in China from the premier Chinese plants. Our direct relationships with the factories re- move trading companies from our supply chain and provide immediate communication and consistent product quality from each factory for every shipment. In 2005 Seacon purchased an industrial facility and production equipment to manufacture its own chemicals to complement those we import from China. We now operate four production lines which produce numerous innovative chemicals for the rubber and plastics industries. We also offer toll manufacturing services and operate a domestic trucking company, Seacon Transportation Ltd., to serve our customers. Seacon’s ISO 9001:2008 certified production facility, trucking company, and network of factories in China offer our customers outstanding value and place Seacon on the cutting edge of chemical sourc- ing for the rubber and plastics industries.
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to Dough Conditioner Ingredients
    VOLUME 3 /NUMBER 6 Dough Conditioners Practical technology from Lallemand Inc. A Guide to Dough Conditioner Ingredients OUGH CONDITIONERS contain elasticity, and shorten mix time. Reducing liquid, powder, or tablet form, and en- functional ingredients that are agents can be used in combination with zymes present in flour or malt syrup form. Dused to improve processing and oxidizing agents to optimally develop gluten Individual enzymes are very specific in the product quality in breadmaking. There are in no-time doughs. Enzymes are proteins reactions they catalyze, but the range of dozens of dough conditioner ingredients that act as natural catalysts to speed up enzymes used in dough conditioners pro - used in countless combinations, but they reactions in dough or make reactions take vides a wide variety of functions. can be grouped by their composition and place that otherwise would not. They in- Emulsifiers (surfactants) include natural function into the following categories: clude concentrated microbial enzymes in Continued Vital wheat gluten is the insoluble protein portion of wheat flour that has DOUGH CONDITIONER INGREDIENTS been separated, washed, and dried so that it contains about 75 to 80 percent protein. INGREDIENT FUNCTION USE LEVEL CONSIDERATIONS Gluten is used to raise the protein content Vital wheat gluten 2–10% Increases strength and absorption and absorption of flour, increase dough tol - Ammonium chloride Yeast nutrient 0.04% Nitrogen source erance, and improve the volume and crumb Ammonium sulfate Yeast nutrient 0.04% Nitrogen source texture of the finished product. Yeast nutrients are inorganic salts that Ammonium phosphate Yeast nutrient 0.04% Nitrogen and phosphorous source supply nitrogen or phosphorous.
    [Show full text]
  • Novel Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Benzoyl Peroxide from the Wheat Flour Sample R
    IJRPC 2018, 8(1), 149-153 Dave Jay et al ISSN: 22312781 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHARMACY AND CHEMISTRY Available online at www.ijrpc.com Research Article NOVEL SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE FROM THE WHEAT FLOUR SAMPLE R. Dave Jay1* and Benjamin Surbhi2 1Ph.D.Scholar at P.A.H.E.R. University – Udaipur, Rajasthan, Jaipur, India. 2Assistant professor at P.A.H.E.R. University – Udaipur, Rajasthan, Jaipur, India. ABSTRACT A novel spectrophotometric method for the determination of Benzoyl peroxide from the wheat flour was developed. The detection principle is based on the reaction between Benzoyl peroxide & potassium iodode in alcoholic medium. Here in this reaction potassium iodide oxidized by Benzoyl peroxide oxidation, it generates coloured iodine. There was maximum absorption peak in 580 nm wavelenghth. Potassium iodide system determine Benzoyl peroxide(Result). Wheat flour dissolved in ethanol by extraction of ethanol & centrifugal of Benzoyl peroxide. Under the selected conditions, the linear range for quantification of Benzoyl peroxide was observed between 10 mg/L to 50 mg/L . The limit of detection (LOD) was 30 mg/L. The developed method obtained superior precision using 10 repeatability. The proposed methodology was successfully applied to determine Benzoyl peroxide in wheat flour samples. Keywords: Spectrophotometer, Benzoyl peroxide, Ethanol and Potassium Iodide. 1. INTRODUCTION Uses Benzoyl peroxide is an organic compound in Other common uses for Benzoyl peroxide the peroxide family. It consists of two benzoyl include groups bridged by a peroxide link. Its structural Bleaching hair formula is (C6H5CO)2O2. It is one of the most Tooth whitening systems important organic peroxides in terms of The preparation of bleached flour applications and the scale of its production.
    [Show full text]
  • A 4. GAAPHAARO AO77 Maww
    April 7, 1970 - E. SMITH ET All 3,505,308 PRODUCTION OF AZODICARBONAMIDES UTILIZING BROMINE Filed Oct. 27, 1966 WATER HYDRAZINE HYDRATE HYDRAZINE AQUEOUS HYDROCHLORIC ACID HYDRAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE AQUEOUS UREA HYDRAZO DLCARBONAMIDE SLURRY AZO DICARBONAMIDE SLURRY (ACID) CAUSTC BROMIN AZO (MAKE-UP) DICARBONAMIDE SLURRY (NEUTRAL) Cl2 AZO AIR (N2) DICARBONAMIDE PRODUCT BROMINE BROMIDE STORAGE LIQUOR AIR (N2) HCl acq. INVENTORS." AAR/C SM)7A/ WOffW A. AAPAGA EA? a 4. GAAPHAARO AO77 MaWW AGEw7 3,505,308 United States Patent Office Patented Apr. 7, 1970 1. 2 U.S. Patent 3,190,873 of 1965 and equivalent Belgian 3,505,308 PRODUCTION OF AZOOCARBONAMIDES Patent 627,533 of 1963 disclose passing chlorine gas UTELIZING BROMINE into a suspension of hydrazodicarbonamide (hydrazo Eric Smith, Madison, John E. Pregler, Wallingford, and formamide) in concentrated HCl, containing a bromide, Gerhard F. Ottmann, Hamden, Conn., assignors to to produce azodicarbonamide (azoformamide) in 93% Olin Mathieson Chemical Corporation yield. Filed Oct. 27, 1966, Ser. No. 589,911 Belgian Patent 631,410 of 1963 discloses passing chlo nt. C. CO7 07/02 rine gas into an aqueous suspension of hydrazodicarbon U.S. C. 260-192 10 Claims amide containing minor proportions of bromine, or a IO bromide, to produce azodicarbonamide in yields of 93 99%. With chlorine alone, yields are 35-38%. ABSTRACT OF THE DESCLOSURE In these processes, the chlorine must be introduced Azodicarbonamide having particle size especially suit slowly, with careful control, to avoid extensive forma able as a blowing agent in plastics and rubber composi tion of by-products by side reactions and over-oxidation tions without the necessity of any grinding or sizing is of the desired product.
    [Show full text]
  • IIIHHHHHHHHHIIIHIII USOO538785A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,318,785 Destefanis 45 Date of Patent: Jun
    IIIHHHHHHHHHIIIHIII USOO538785A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,318,785 DeStefanis 45 Date of Patent: Jun. 7, 1994 54) BENZOYL PEROXIDE TO IMPROVE THE 56) References Cited PERFORMANCE OF OXDANTS IN BREADMAKNG U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 2,978,331 4/1961 Ferrari .................................. 426/99 2,978,332 4/1961 Ferrari.................................. 426/99 (75) Inventor: Vincent DeStefanis, Erie, N.Y. 2,992,111 7/1961 Ferrari...... ... 426/96 3,640,730 2/1972 Rolland. ... 426/91 (73) Assignee: Elf Atochem North America, Inc., 3,954,999 4/1976 Vidal ..................................... 426/6 Philadelphia, Pa. 4,657,769 4/1987 Petrofsky et al. .............. 426/653 X Primary Examiner-Joseph Golian 21 Appl. No.: 14,958 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Stanley A. Marcus; Royal E. Bright 22) Filed: Feb. 8, 1993 (57 ABSTRACT An improvement in dough compositions comprising the replacement of bromate improvers in conventional Related U.S. Application Data doughs with compositions comprising ascorbic acid, (63) Continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 798,373, Nov. 26, azodicarbonamide, and mixtures thereof in combination 1991, abandoned. with peroxy compounds such as benzoyl peroxide and hydrogen peroxide in the presence or absence of fungal (51) Int. Cl. .......................... A21D 2/04; A21D 2/20 enzymes such as fungal alpha amylase and processes for (52) U.S. C. ........................................ 426/20; 426/22; their use are disclosed. 426/62; 426/653 (58) Field of Search ...................... 426/22, 20, 653, 62 13 Claims, No Drawings 5,318,785 1. 2 fore, evident that identification of oxidative improvers BENZOYL PEROXIDE TO MPROVE THE suitable for use in bread making, capable of approximat PERFORMANCE OF OXDANTSN ing the improver action of bromates, particularly potas BREADMAKING sium bromate is of value.
    [Show full text]