Results of Forest Insect and Disease Surveys in the Northern Region of Ontario 1 991
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• • RESULTS OF FOREST INSECT AND DISEASE SURVEYS IN THE NORTHERN REGION OF ONTARIO 1 991 Forest Districts: Moosonee, Hearst, Kapuskasing, Cochrane, Chapleau. Timmins, Kirkland Lake and Gogama W.A.lngram. S. Payne and B.E. Smith FORESTRY CANADA ONTARIO REGION GREAT LAKES FORESTRY CENTRE 1992 MlSCELLANEOUS REPORT NO. 111 • • \ ©Minisrer of Supply and Services Canada 1992 CataJ ogue No. Fo29-8/IIIE ISBN 0-662- I 9428-4 ISSN 0832-71 30 Copies of this publication. are available at M charge from: Communications Services Forestry Canada. Ontario Region Great Lakes Forestry Centre P.O. Box 490 Sault Ste. Marie. Ontario PM 5M? Microfiches oftiUs publicalwn may be plUchasedfrom: Micro Media Ioc. Place du Portage 165. H6tel-de-Ville Hull. Quebec l8X 3X2 SURVEY HIGHLIGHTS This report documents the insects. diseases and abiotic conditions that were observed across Nonhem Region in 1991 . Across the region, a three-fold increase was recorded in the area of aerially mapped moderatc-to.severe forest tent caterpillar defoliation. In all, 2.433.528 ha were defoliated this year compared with a total of 921,993 ha in 1990. Forecasts. based on egg-band counts. are for widespread expansions of all areas of current defoliation except in TImmins District. where populations appear to be declining. Spruce budwonn populations continued to expand in alI areas sampled. lite area of moderate-to-severe defoliation in Hearst District increased to 123.130 ha from 6.392 ha in 1990 and expanded northward into Moosonee District along the Kenogami River system. Egg-mass samples and pheromone trnp results indicate a funherexpansion afthe current infestation and a possibility of Iight-to-moderate infestations in the southern por tions of the region. Jack pine budwonn populations were also recorded at a number of locations across the region. but at levels that have caused no serious concerns as yet. Birch skeletonizer populations defoliated a total of 1.684.184 ha, with moderate-to severe damage across the middle of the region. Aspen also experienced mooerate-to severe defoliation over 147.670 ha in the southern ponionofthe region due to infestations by two separate leafcurters. In a continuing effort to monitor forest health. the two birch plots established in 1989 and the Acid Rain plots established in 1985 were revisited. Monitoring was also con- tinued in the region's seed orchards and family-test sites established by the Ontario ; Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR) across Nonhem Region. Abiotic conditions that demanded attention included areas of blown-down timber. extensive areas of drought symptoms and several small areas of localized frost damage. Black anny CUtworm pheromone traps were deployed in the larger burned areas and on available prescribed bum sites to monitor insect activity before replanting the sites in 1992. The same fonnat was followed in categorizing forest pests as in the t 990 Northern Region report Major Insects or DlsealS' capable of causing severe injury to or death of living trees or shrubs Minor Insects or DlsealS' capable of causing sporadic or localized injury but not usually a serious threat to living trees or shrubs. (oont'd) Other Forest Insects and Diseases (TableS) These tables provide infonnation on two types of pest: I) those that are of minor importance and have not been known to cause serious damage to forest trees, and 2) those that are capable of causing serious damage but, because onow population levels or for olher reasons. did not cause serious damage in 1991. The cooperation and assistance provided by personnel of OMNR. wood-using industries and other ageocies. and of many individuals. are gratefully acknowledged. WAIn,gram S. Payne BE. Smifh TABLE 01 CONTENTS page INSECTS MlJor /nucts Birch Skeletonizer, Buccufarrix canadensisella (AU districts) Eastern Spruce 8udworm, Choristoneura fumiferana ... .. • ............ • ..•.. (All districts) Jack Pine Budworm, ChoristonfWra p. pinus . .... ..... ............ ... .•. 3 (All districts) Eastern Pine Shoot Borer, Eucosma gJoriola ... ........... .. ............ 5 (Chapleau, Cochrane, Gogama. Kirkland lake and Trmmins districts) Birch Leafminer, F9nusa pusilla ... ... .. .•.... ................. .......... 10 (All districts) Forest Tent Caterpillar, MaJaco$Oma disstria 10 (All districts) Redheaded Jack Pine Sawfly, N9OdjNion virginians complex .. .. • ........... 11 (Chapleau, Gogama, Kirkland lake and Timmins districts) Ye llowheaded Sp4'uce Sawfly, PikOOfHTIB aJaskensis ... ......... •.. •...•.. 11 (All districts) While Pine Weevil, Pissod9S strobi .. ... .. ... ... .. .. ..... ... .... .. 15 (All districts) Earty Aspen Leatcurler, Ps9Ud9X9nt9fa oregonana ... ........ ........•.. • . 16 (Cochrane, Chapleau, Hearst, Kirkland Lake and Timmins districts) Minor InMCt. ., Jack Pine Tip Beetle, Conophthorus r9sinosae ... ...... .. .... .. ..... .. .•. • . 18 (Chapleau. Gogama, Heal'$t. Kirkland lake and Timmins districts) American Aspen Beetle, GonioctMa amsri=ana . .......................... • . 18 (Chapleau Oistrid) Northern Pilch Twig Moth. Petrolia abicapitana ........ .. ..... ....... 18 (All districts) Other Forest Insects ..... ...... ...... .• ..........•.. • . • . • . .. • .. .... 19 mEE DISEASES "'jar D/un.. Arm illaria Root Rot, Armillaria ostoyae 23 (AU districts) Spruce Needle Rusts. Chrysomyxa IfKJj and C. l6dicola . ........... • ..... 23 (All districts) Pine Needle Rust. CoIsosporium asterom ......... .............. 24 (Chapleau, Gogama, Hearst and Kirkland lake distric1s) Sweettern Blister Rust, Cronal1ium comptoniae . ......... .... ... 26 (Chapleau. Gogama. Heal'$t, Kirkland Lake and Timmins districts) White Pine Blister Rust, Cronartium ribicola ................. ........... .. 26 (Chapleau , Cochrane and Gogama districts) Tar Spot Needle Cast. Davisomycella ampla .......... .. .. ......... • . 26 (Chapleau. Cochrane. Gogama, Kirkland Lake and Timmins districts) Western Gan Rust. Endocronartium harimessii . ...... .. .... .. ............•. 28 (All districts) Scleroderris Canker, Gremm9nie/la abiefina ...........•...... ..... • ..... 28 (Chapleau, Cochrane and Kirkland Lake districts) (cont'd) TABLE of CONTENTS (concl.) page Minor DlseaMs linospora leaf Blight. Linospora t6traspora . .... .. .• ..•..•.. ..•.. ... .. ... .. 29 (All districts) Other Forest Diseases 29 ABIOTIC DAMAGE Slowdown Damage 30 (All districts) Drought ............. ... ... ....... ........•.. ••.. • ..• ..•.. •..• .. • ..•.. • . 30 (All districts) Frost Damage ...... .. ...... .. .... .. .....•••..•..•..•..•..• . .• . .•.. •..• . 32 (Cochrane and Kapuskasing districts) Herbicide Injury ....... .... ... .... ....... .• . ... • .. .. .. .. ........... 32 (Cochrane DIstrict) Salt Injury .... ............ ... ...... • . .• ..• ..•.. •..... .. ..... ... ...•. • . 32 (Chapleau and Gogama districts) FOREST HEALTH Acid Rain National Early Warning System fAANEWS) 32 (Chapleau, Kapuskaslng and Kirkland l ake districts) White Birch Health .. ... ...... ... .... .. ..... .... ..... ...... .. .... .•. 34 (Chapleau and Cochrane districts) SPECIAL SURVEYS Black Army Cutworm. Adebia fennica ............................... • .. • ... 34 (C hapleau and Hearst districts) Forest Tree Nursery Report . ...................................•..•.. •. .. 35 (Chapleau. Gogama and Kirkland Lake districts) Gypsy Moth Pheromone Trapping, Lymantria dispar .... ,' •... , .. , .. , ....•... 35 (All districts) s(~a~r~~r~n~u~r:ra~d i.·ak·~ dist~iCisi .... .. .. ... ..........•.. • ..... • ... 36 Climatic Data ............ , ....... , ....... , . •...... • ..... ..... • .. •..•... 3. > INSECTS This cyclic defoliator of birch was last Major Insects recorded at significant levels in the region in 1981. and remained active for a period of 5 years before Birch Skeletonlzer, subsiding to trace levels in 1986. 111e occurrence of Bucculatrix canadensisella Cham. this insect late in the growing season (mid-August) Increased populations in the northern portion reduces its importance to a much lower level. since of the region in 1990 expanded substantially in even if widespread defoliation does occur. little to 1991. A total of 1,684.184 ha of moderate-IO no damage is recorded on the host other than a loss severe defoliation of white birch (Betula papyri in tree vigor. fera Marsh.) was aerially mapped throughout the region this year (Table 1). Eastern Spruce Budwonn, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) Table I. Summary of moderate-to-severe defoliation of A major increase in the area of moderate-to white birch by the birch skeletonizer in the Northern severe defoliation has taken place across the pro Region of Ontario in 1991. vince. This year, 9.065,781 ha were aerially map-. Disuict A<ea affected (ha) ped. compared with 6.783.261 ha in 1990 and Chapleau 875,615 6.239,636 ha in 1989. Cod.... ,. 226,469 TIle main body of the infestation is still Gogama I,()()() located in the Northwestern and North Central re H...,. 1lO,925 gions. but has now extended eastward to include Kapuskasing 300,800 areas in the northwestern comer of Wawa District Kirtland We 3,()()() in Northeastern Region and the southwestern side Timmins 126,375 Toca/ 1,684,184 of Hearst District in Nonhern Region. Increases in population levels have taken place in the TIle main body of the infestation entered the Algonquin and Central regions as weU (Fig. 2). region in the nonhwestem comer of Chapleau Moderate-lo-severe defoliation in the region District and ex.tended eastward across the entire has expanded 10 123,130 ha from !he 6.392 ha region into the Lake