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The Mineral Industry of Chile in 1999
THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CHILE By Pablo Velasco In 1999, Chile, which continued to be the top producer and allow negotiations related to Chilean accession to NAFTA or to exporter of copper, in terms of volume and value, produced a bilateral trade agreement with the United States. about 35% of the world’s mined copper. Copper remained the A key feature of the Government of Chile’s development country’s most important export product and accounted for strategy was a welcoming attitude towards foreign investors, about 37.7% of export earnings in 1999. Chile was also one of which was embodied in the country’s foreign investment law the world’s significant producers and exporters of potassium known as Decree Law (DL) 600. DL 600 was promulgated in nitrate and sodium nitrate and ranked second after Japan in 1974 and has been made more liberal through frequent world production of iodine. Chile ranked first in lithium, first in revisions. Under this law, foreign investment must be approved rhenium, and third in molybdenum. by the Government’s foreign investment committee. The Law The Chilean economy suffered a sharp recession from serves as the most significant guideline for foreign investment. November 1998 to late 1999. On average, the profits of Investors choosing not to use DL 600 may invest via the companies traded on the Santiago Stock Exchange were down provisions of Chapter XIV of the Central Bank’s foreign by 40%, and with the economic slowdown, inflation for the year exchange regulations. Under DL 600, investors sign was 2.3% compared with 4.7% in 1998. -
17.2 Present Situation and Outlook of Regional Integration Investments
17.2 Present Situation and Outlook of Regional Integration Investments and exports in the North Zone will be largely determined by the degree to which the macro-region is physically and institutionally integrated. At present, it is highly important to facilitate physical integration through the improvement of infrastructure and the transport system of export corridors. Institutional integration, e.g., standardized customs procedures, foreign investment laws, taxation systems, etc., is no less important than physical integration. Such development will widen and strengthen relations among economies of the macro-region and increase the possibility of handling export and import cargo and receiving foreign investment in the North Zone. Enterprises in the zone may also benefit from economies of scale while consumers will enjoy increases in the variety of goods and services available due to an expansion of their market. Cooperation between the private and public sectors and among central and local governments in the macro-region is indispensable for physical and institutional integration. This is because neither the private sector, nor the Chilean or regional governments of the North Zone, can carry out all necessary tasks alone. When the public sector renders support to improve physical and institutional infrastructure, particularly through international and inter-regional cooperation, the private sector’s interest in investing in the macro-region will be significantly increased. This will happen because such a situation will help investors minimize economic and political risks and maximize profits. 17.2.1 Regional Integration Schemes Institutional arrangements that can facilitate trade and investment in the macro-region include a customs union, a common market, a free trade agreement, a free trade zone, etc., but these schemes for regional economic integration are not new in South America. -
Groundwater Origin and Recharge in the Hyperarid Cordillera De La Costa, Atacama Desert, Northern Chile
Groundwater origin and recharge in the hyperarid Cordillera de la Costa, Atacama Desert, northern Chile. Christian Herrera1,2, Carolina Gamboa1,2, Emilio Custodio3, Teresa Jordan4, Linda Godfrey5, Jorge Jódar6, José A. Luque1,2, Jimmy Vargas7, Alberto Sáez8 1 Departmento de Ciencias Geológicas , Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile 2 CEITSAZA‐Research and Technological Center of Water in the Desert, Northern Catholic University, Antofagasta, Chile 3 Groundwater Hydrology Group, Dept. Civil and Environmental Eng., Technical University of Catalonia (UPC). Royal Academy of Sciences of Spain 4 Department of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences and Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future, Snee Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853‐1504, USA 5 Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. 6 Groundwater Hydrology Group, Dept. Civil and Environmental Eng., Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Hydromodel Host S.L. and Aquageo Proyectos S.L., Spain 7 Mining Company Los Pelambres, Av. Apoquindo 4001 Piso 18, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile 8 Department of Earth and Ocean Dynamics, University of Barcelona, C. Martí i Franqués s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT 1 Highlights ‐Small springs have been recognized in the hyper‐arid coastal zone of the Atacama Desert ‐The δ18O and δ2H values of spring waters are similar to coastal region rainfall ‐The average residence time of the waters from springs varies between 1 and 2 hyr, up to 5 hyr ‐Waters from the deep wells are isotopically much heavier than those of springs ‐Turnover time for deep waters varies between 7 and 13 hyr, which overlaps the CAPE events ABSTRACT The Cordillera de la Costa is located along the coastline of northern Chile, in the hyperarid Atacama Desert area. -
University of Chile, Santiago De Chile Society of Economic Geologists Student Chapter
UNIVERSITY OF CHILE, SANTIAGO DE CHILE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS STUDENT CHAPTER Field Trip 2016 – 2017 Santiago de Chile, September 2017 CLARIFICATION NOTE University of Chile, Santiago de Chile SEG Student Chapter clarifies that the initial field application submitted as financial assistance of Steward R. Wallace Fund, Round II, 2015 is different from what is described in this report. The original plan included visits to Minera Los Pelambres (MLP, AMSA), Minera El Soldado (MES, Angloamerican) and División Andina (DA, Codelco). However, it was impossible to get approval for visiting División Andina of Codelco (they request that all the visitors could pass a physical exam to work over 3,000 m above sea level, which costs more than US$100 per person). In addition, the visit to Minera El Soldado was scheduled for November 30, 2016. However, due to contractor workers strike and disturbs in Los Bronces operation during the second half of November, Angloamerican suspended all the visits to their operations in Chile. Therefore, we made relevant changes to the original plan, due to the shortcomings that arose and restructured our visits. We decided to visit the Cerro Negro stratabound Cu deposit, Los Pelambres and El Teniente porphyry Cu-Mo deposits. 1. INTRODUCTION The University of Chile, Santiago de Chile SEG Student Chapter is hosted in the Department of Geology of University of Chile. Activities of the student chapter involve field trips, talks and conferences with the aim of learning about the economic geology, for example, conditions for the formation of mineral deposit, tectonic environments, mineralization characteristics and metallurgical processes. -
Chile's Mining and Chemicals Industries
Global Outlook Chile’s Mining and Chemicals Industries Luis A. Cisternas With abundant mineral resources, Chile’s Univ. of Antofagasta Edelmira D. Gálvez chemicals industries are dominated by mining, Catholic Univ. of the North with many of its operations among the world’s most productive and important. hile’s chemicals industries consist of 300 companies producer. Chilean mining continues to reach unprecedented and some 400 products, with sales representing 4% levels — not only the mining of copper, but particularly Cof the nation’s gross domestic product (GDP) and of nonmetallic ores. Recent growth has been supported by about 25% of all industrial contributions to the GDP (1). favorable economic policies and incentives for foreign inves- Chile’s major chemical exports include methanol, inorganic tors that were intended to overcome the lack of domestic compounds (nitrates, iodine, lithium products, sodium investment after Chile’s return to democracy in the 1990s. chloride), combustibles (gasoline, diesel, fuel oil), algae Chile’s main metallic and nonmetallic ore deposits are derivatives, and plastic resins (polypropylene, low-density located in the country’s northern regions, which are rich in polyethylene). However, the mining industry — consisting copper, gold, silver, and iron deposits, as well as salt lake of 100 large and medium-sized companies and more than mineral byproducts such as nitrates, boron, iodine, lithium, 1,600 mining operations (2) — dominates Chile’s chemical- and potassium. Chile’s abundance of mineral resources is industry landscape. These companies’ primary products remarkable: Its reserves constitute 6.7% of the world’s gold, include molybdenum, rhenium, iron, lithium, silver, gold, 12.1% of the molybdenum, 13.3% of the silver, 27.7% of the and — most important — copper. -
Copper, Gold and Silver Deposits in the II Region, Atacama Desert, Northern Chile June 11 – 16, 2018
SEG‐U NLP Field Trip Report June 2018 Copper, Gold and Silver Deposits in the II Region, Atacama Desert, Northern Chile June 11 – 16, 2018 Field Trip Report Field trip participants with the Llullaillaco volcano behind. Left to right: Morena Pagola, Agustina Esnal, Priscilla Myburgh, Julieta Palomeque, Camila Ferreyra, Florencia Pereyra, Diego Palma, Agustín Ulloa, Alejandro Toloy, Andrea Muñoz and Camila Riffo (Prof. Chong´s students), Patricio Arias (Prof. Chong’s long time field partner), Erick Montenegro (Prof. Chong´s student), Prof. Chong and Facundo De Martino 1 SEG‐U NLP Field Trip Report June 2018 Trip Leader: Dr. Guillermo Chong Trip Participants: De Martino, Facundo Julián Esnal, Agustina Ferreyra, Camila Myburgh, Priscilla Solange Pagola, Morena Lucía Sonia Palma, Diego Sebastián Palomeque, Julieta Pereyra, Florencia Toloy, Alejandro Daniel Ulloa, Agustín The Student chapter is deeply thankful to Prof. Guillermo Chong from UCN for organizing the visits to the mines and for all other support during the field trip. We also like to thank Guanaco Mine, Mining company Mantos de la Luna, Mining company El Peñón and Mining company Antucoya for providing meal and lodging, and the Society of Economic Geologist for providing financial support. Introduction From June 11th to the 16th the UNLP-SEG Student Chapter visited the II Region in northern Chile, where important gold&silver and copper mines are located. The schedule, detailed below, included Antucoya Mine, El Peñón, Mina Guanaco, Mina Mantos de La Luna, and a geologic tour led by Prof. Guillermo Chong, which included the Atacama Salt Flats. The first is a Cu porphyry mine, Peñón is a low sulphidation epithermal Au-Ag deposit whereas Guanaco is a high sulphidation Au- Cu deposit. -
Regional Centers for Scientific And
REGIONAL Program CONICYT REGIONAL CENTERS FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT Decentralizing science to serve the regions A joint initiative of CONICYT’s Regional Program and the regional governments REGIONAL PROGRAM 1 Comisión Nacional de Investigación 2 Científica y Tecnológica - CONICYT REGIONAL PROGRAM 3 The National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research, CONICYT was created in 1967 as an advisory organization for the Presidency in matters of scientific development. It is an autonomous public institution under the Ministry of Education. It organizes its work under two main strategic pillars: strengthening Chile’s scientific and technological base and promoting advanced human capital training. In order to achieve these strategic goals CONICYT has a variety of programs guided by the principles of open tendering and excellency via open calls. The projects are evaluated through different stages until their awarding, based on evaluations that follow international practices. Amongst our programs, the Regional Program for Scientific and Technological Research is of note. It began in 2000 thanks to an initiative by the Undersecretary of Regional Development and Administration. The instrument “Creation of regional centers for scientific and technological research” was co-funded by regional governments (GORE) with the aim of expanding and decentralizing the distribution of human, financial and material resources, from a geographic and institutional perspective. Thereby, the goal is to direct research towards the relevant subjects for the development of the regions where research institutions are located. Also, we hope to stimulate the development of disciplines or specific areas throughout the country with the purpose of helping the regional centers to become national leaders in their specific fields. -
Introduction to the Economy of Antofagasta and Chilean Mining
MINING ECONOMY: Introduction to the Economy of Antofagasta and Chilean Mining Goal: The course will introduce to the students the characteristics of the mining industry applied to the Chilean case and Antofagasta region. Lectures Field visits or laboratory work Total contact hours: 15 Contents: Module I • Introduction to the economy of Antofagasta Region and the city of Antofagasta. • Characteristics of the Region • Economic evolution • Main challenges for development Module II • Evolution of the World Mining Industry • Description of the sector • Prizes y cycles • Resources • Mining based on Development Policies • Social License to operate • Production Network of Global Mining • Enclave and clusters Module III • Mining in Chile • Description of the sector • Characteristics of the sector and evolution • National policies for mining development Module IV • Regional development from a mining base • Discussion about the natural resources curse • Opportunities and obstacles for development from a mining base • Achievements in Antofagasta Region. The cluster’s policy • Mining in Antofagasta Region • Mining history in Antofagasta • Evolution and current situation • Organization of the mining global network in Chile Bibliography and study materials: The student will be provided with the presentations of each lecture. Also, the student will have the possibility of using the University’s available means and infrastructure (library, use of internet, etc.). Arias, M., Atienza, M., Cademartori, J., 2014. Large Mining Enterprises and Regional Development in Chile: Between the Enclave and Cluster. J. Econ. Geogr. 14, (1), 73-95. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbt007 Aroca, P., Atienza, M., 2011. Economic implications of long distance commuting in the Chilean mining industry. Resour. Policy. -
Minería Sustentable En Zonas Áridas. Aportes Temáticos Del Proyecto CAMINAR
Minería Sustentable en Zonas Áridas Compendio de: Aportes temáticos del Proyecto CAMINAR Publicado en el 2009 por el Programa Hidrológico Internacional (PHI) de la Oficina Regional de Ciencia para América Latina y el Caribe de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO). Documento Técnico del PHI-LAC, Nº 15 ISBN 978-92-9089-133-8 © UNESCO 2009 Las denominaciones que se emplean en esta publicación y la presentación de los datos que en ella figura no suponen por parte de la UNESCO la adopción de postura alguna en lo que se refiere al estatuto jurídico de los países, territorios, ciudades o zonas, o de sus autoridades, no en cuanto a sus fronteras o límites. Las ideas y opiniones expresadas en esta publicación son las de los autores y no representan, necesariamente, el punto de vista de la UNESCO. Se autoriza la reproducción, a condición de que la fuente se mencione en forma apropiada, y se envíe copia a la dirección abajo citada. Este documento debe citarse como: UNESCO, 2009. Minería sustentable en zonas áridas. Aportes temáticos del Proyecto CAMINAR. CAZALAC. Documentos Técnicos del PHI-LAC, N°15. Dentro del límite de la disponibilidad, copias gratuitas de esta publicación pueden ser solicitadas a: Programa Hidrológico Internacional para Centro del Agua para Zonas Áridas y América Latina y el Caribe (PHI-LAC) Semiáridas para América Latina y el Oficina Regional de Ciencia para América Caribe (CAZALAC) Latina y el Caribe Benavente 980 UNESCO La Serena, Chile Dr. Luis P. Piera 1992, 2º piso Tel.: 56 51 204 493 11200 Montevideo, Uruguay Fax: 56 51 204 493 Tel.: + 598 2 413 2075 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: + 598 2 413 2094 http://www.cazalac.org E-mail: [email protected] http://www.unesco.org.uy/phi Disclaimer: "El Proyecto CAMINAR es financiado por la Comisión Europea, Contrato Nº INCO_CT2006-032539. -
PROJECT BRIEF GNL Mejillones
222 Vista Ave. Pasadena, CA 91107 +1(626)795‐2220 www.kmioss.com [email protected] PROJECT BRIEF GNL Mejillones ‐ Chile CONDOR SEISMIC MONITORING SYSTEM PROJECT OBJECTIVE Post earthquake assessment of the GNL Mejillones Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Plant upon the occurrence of a seismic event. PROJECT ACHIEVEMENT The project objecve was achieved by implemenng the Condor Seismic Monitoring Sys- tem soluon, which collects data from two free-field seismic staons and determines, in real-me, whether the earthquake's effects on the plant have or have not exceeded its Op- erang Basis Earthquake (OBE) design requirements. WWW.KMIOSS.COM GNL MEJILLONES ‐ CHILE CONDOR SEISMIC MONITORING SYSTEM GNL Mejillones was established by GDF SUEZ and the Chilean State Copper Company CODELCO with the aim of contribung to energy security and reliability of natural gas supply to the mining industry in Northern Chile. The plant, located in the Bay of Mejillones - Antofagasta Region, has the funcon of regasificaon of liquefied natural gas, which is transported to customers through pipelines throughout the region. Due to it’s locaon, GNL Mejillones design included special provisions for earthquakes and required a seismic monitoring system that in the event of an earthquake could quickly provide informaon whether or not the design Operang Basis Earthquake (OBE) limits were exceeded to launch the emergency response plan and assess condions for plant safe shutdown. The Condor System is the most comprehensive earthquake monitoring soluon originally designed for the nuclear industry -- including seismic-event data recording, retrieval, analysis and noficaon via hardware alarms and hard-copy reports -- all in one system, and in full compliance with industry standards and regulaons (IEEE, ANSI, NRC); and, in addion to the Event and SOH alarms, it provides plant operators and I&C personnel with extensive built-in ulies for easy maintenance. -
TECHNICAL REPORT on the HUACHI PROPERTY San Juan Province
Technical Report on the Huachi Project TECHNICAL REPORT on the HUACHI PROPERTY San Juan Province, Argentina Latitude: 29° 55' 23" South Longitude: 68° 51' 15" West Prepared for: Centenera Mining Corporation 2300-1177 West Hastings Street Vancouver, British Columbia Canada, V6E 2K3 Prepared by: William R. Gilmour, PGeo Thomas H. Carpenter, PGeo Discovery Consultants 2916 29th Street Vernon, BC, V1T 5A6 Mail: P.O. Box 933 Vernon, BC, V1T 6M8 Tel: 250-542-8960 [email protected] Date: March 6, 2017 Effective Date: March 6, 2017 LC062251-1 Discovery Consultants Technical Report on the Huachi Project Table of Contents 1.0 SUMMARY ........................................................................................... 1 2.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 3 3.0 RELIANCE ON OTHER EXPERTS ........................................................... 3 4.0 PROPERTY LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION 4.1 Location ........................................................................................ 4 4.2 Overview of Argentina .................................................................... 4 4.3 Metal Mining in Argentina ................................................................ 4 4.4 Mining Industry and Legislation ........................................................ 4 4.5 Mineral Tenure ............................................................................... 7 4.6 Royalties and Taxes ....................................................................... -
A Certification System for Sustainable Copper Production
A CERTIFICATION SYSTEM FOR SUSTAINABLE COPPER PRODUCTION Master’s Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the academic degree “Master of Science” at the University of Graz for the “Erasmus Mundus Master's Programme in Industrial Ecology“ by SANNE NUSSELDER at the Institute of Systems Sciences, Innovation and Sustainability Research Supervisor: Prof. Baumgartner Second Reader: R. Aschemann Graz, 2015 INTRODUCTION 6 Literature Review on Certification Systems for Metals 6 Outline Research 7 CHAPTER 1 - COPPER MARKET 9 1.1 Introduction 9 1.2 The Copper Supply Chain 9 1.3 Mines 10 1.3.1 Mining in Chile 11 1.3.2 Mining in China 12 1.3.3 Mining in Peru 12 1.3.4 Mining in the USA 13 1.3.5 Mining in Australia 13 1.3.6 Mining in Russia 14 1.3.7 Mining in the DRC 14 1.3.8 Mining in Zambia 15 1.3.9 Mining in Canada 15 1.3.10 Mining in Mexico 16 1.3.11 Mining in Kazakhstan 16 1.3.12 Mining in Poland 16 1.3.13 Mining in Indonesia 16 1.3.14 Conclusion Mines 17 1.4 Smelters 17 1.4.1 Smelting in China 18 1.4.2 Smelting in Japan 18 1.4.3 Smelting in Chile 18 1.4.4 Smelting in Russia 19 1.4.5 Smelting in India 19 1.4.6 Smelting in South Korea 19 1.4.7 Smelting in Poland 19 1.4.8 Smelting in Zambia 19 1.4.9 Smelting in the USA 20 1.4.10 Smelting in Germany 20 1.4.11 Smelting in Australia 20 1.4.12 Smelting in Bulgaria 20 1.4.13 Smelting in Kazakhstan 21 1.4.14 Smelting in Peru 21 1.4.15 Smelting in Canada 21 1.4.16 Smelting in Indonesia 21 1.4.17 Conclusion Smelting 22 1.5 Refiners 23 1.5.1 Refining in China 23 1.5.2 Refining in Chile 23 1.5.3