DOCSLIB.ORG

Atividade Antioxidante E Antimicrobiana Para a Conservação De Alimentos

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Atividade Antioxidante E Antimicrobiana Para a Conservação De Alimentos Maria do Carmo Pereira Química e atividade biológica de Microlicia crenulata (DC.) Mart: atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana para a conservação de alimentos Faculdade de Farmácia da UFMG Belo Horizonte, MG 2013 Maria do Carmo Pereira Química e atividade biológica de Microlicia crenulata (DC.) Mart: atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana para a conservação de alimentos Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos da Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, como requisito parcial à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciência de Alimentos. Orientador: Prof. Dr. David Lee Nelson Faculdade de Farmácia da UFMG Belo Horizonte, MG 2013 Pereira, Maria do Carmo. P436q Química e atividade biológica de Microlicia crenulata (DC.) Mart: atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana para a conservação de alimentos / Maria do Carmo Pereira. – 2013. 125 f. : il. Orientador: David Lee Nelson. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos. 1. Atividade antimicrobiana – Teses. 2. Antioxidantes – Teses. 3. Alimentos – Conservação – Teses. 4. Agentes antibacterianos – Teses. 5. Microlicia crenulata – Teses. I. Nelson, David Lee. II. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Faculdade de Farmácia. III. Título. CDD 664.06 Dedico este trabalho à minha família. Agradecimentos Ao professor doutor David Lee Nelson pela orientação deste trabalho; aos professores doutores Fernão Castro Braga, Rodrigo Maia de Pádua, Maria Aparecida Resende Stoianoff, Geraldo Célio Brandão, Luiz Cláudio Almeida Barbosa, Simone Gonçalves Santos, Maria Auxiliadora Roque de Carvalho, Luiz de Macêdo Farias e Alaíde Braga de Oliveira pela contribuição imprescindível ao desenvolvimento deste trabalho. à Raquel Geralda Isidório pelo auxílio, incentivo e amizade; à Ana Diolina Soares Machado pelo incentivo e amizade; aos amigos e colegas da FAFAR, especialmente do laboratório de fitoquímica, que me acolheram e me ajudaram com suas sugestões e orientações. SUMÁRIO LISTA DE TABELAS....................................................................................... 7 LISTA DE FIGURAS....................................................................................... 8 LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS E SIGLAS.................................................... 10 RESUMO............................................................................................................ 12 ABSTRACT........................................................................................................ 14 1 INTRODUÇÃO..................................................................................... 16 2 REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA............................................................ 18 2.1 Microlicia crenulata (DC.) Mart.............................................................. 18 2.2 Constituintes químicos e atividade biológica de espécies da família Melastomataceae....................................................................... 20 2.3 Metabólitos secundários das plantas................................................... 22 2.3.1 Flavonoides............................................................................................. 24 2.3.2 Taninos.................................................................................................... 29 2.3.3 Óleos essenciais.................................................................................... 33 2.4 Microextração em Fase Sólida.............................................................. 37 2.5 Atividade antioxidante........................................................................... 39 2.6 Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana................................................ 43 2.6.1 Métodos de difusão................................................................................ 43 2.6.2 Método de diluição em caldo................................................................ 44 3 MATERIAL E MÉTODOS................................................................. 46 3.1 Equipamentos utilizados durante o estudo......................................... 46 3.2 Material diverso...................................................................................... 47 3.3 Reagentes e solventes........................................................................... 47 3.4 Soluções reveladoras para cromatografia em camada delgada preparadas segundo Wagner et al. (1984)........................................... 48 3.5 Material botânico: coleta e identificação............................................. 48 3.6 Métodos................................................................................................... 49 3.6.1 Extração do óleo essencial................................................................... 49 3.6.2 Microextração em fase sólida no modo Headspace (HS-SPME) dos constituintes voláteis............................................................................. 49 3.6.3 Caracterização dos componentes voláteis.......................................... 50 3.6.4 Extração com Soxhlet e por percolação.............................................. 51 3.6.5 Monitoramento dos fracionamentos.................................................... 53 3.6.6 Perfis cromatográficos por CLAE-FR................................................... 53 3.6.7 Espectrometria de absorção no infravermelho................................... 54 3.6.8 Fracionamentos do extrato etanólico bruto (EB)................................ 54 3.6.9 Fracionamento de FAE, FB e FD........................................................... 55 3.6.10 Avaliação da atividade antioxidante in vitro........................................ 58 3.6.11 Ensaios biológicos................................................................................. 59 4 RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO...................................................... 68 4.1 Rendimento do óleo essencial.............................................................. 68 4.2 Composição química dos óleos essenciais e dos voláteis obtidos por HS-SPME.......................................................................................... 68 4.3 Rendimento das extrações com Soxhlet e por percolação............... 71 4.4 Fracionamentos do extrato etanólico bruto (EB)................................ 72 4.4.1 Fracionamento do extrato bruto por cromatografia em coluna de sílica gel.................................................................................................. 72 4.4.2 Fracionamento do extrato bruto por extração seriada....................... 73 4.5 Fracionamento da fração acetato de etila (FAE), fração butanólica (FB) e fração diclorometânica (FD)....................................................... 78 4.5.1 Fracionamento de FAE.......................................................................... 78 4.5.2 Fracionamento de FB............................................................................. 78 4.5.3 Fracionamento cromatográfico de FD.................................................. 79 4.6 Elucidação estrutural da substância isolada FDI................................ 80 4.7 Avaliação da atividade antioxidante in vitro........................................ 88 4.7.1 Ensaio do DPPH..................................................................................... 88 4.7.2 Ensaio ABTS ou TEAC........................................................................... 90 4.8 Ensaios biológicos................................................................................. 91 4.8.1 Ensaio de atividade antibacteriana in vitro.......................................... 91 4.8.2 Ensaio de atividade antifúngica in vitro............................................... 93 4.8.3 Ensaio de atividade antiprotozoária e de citotoxicidade in vitro....... 100 5 CONCLUSÕES.................................................................................... 104 6 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS…........................................... 106 LISTA DE TABELAS 1 Atividades biológicas de espécies da família Melastomataceae no Brasil....... 20 2 Flavonoides isolados de amostras de Microlicia D. Don................................... 26 3 Taninos hidrolisáveis em plantas da família melastomataceae........................ 32 4 Gradiente de eluição utilizado para a obtenção dos perfis cromatográficos por CLAE-FR..................................................................................................... 54 5 Constituintes voláteis dos óleos essenciais e voláteis obtidos por HS-SPME de M. crenulata identificados por CG-EM......................................................... 69 6 Rendimentos das frações obtidas nas extrações utilizando aparelho de Soxhlet.............................................................................................................. 72 7 Fracionamento do extrato etanólico bruto por cromatografia em coluna de sílica gel............................................................................................................ 73 8 Massas (g) das frações resultantes da extração seriada, bem como os solventes utilizados........................................................................................... 74 9 Fracionamento da fração FAE em coluna de Sephadex LH-20........................ 78 10 Fracionamento da fração FB em coluna de Sephadex LH-20.......................... 79 11 Fracionamento de FD por cromatografia em coluna de sílica gel..................... 80 12 Dados espectrofotométricos no ultravioleta obtidos para FDI.........................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Walnut Polyphenol
    ORYZA OIL & FAT CHEMICAL CO., L TD. WALNUT POLYPHENOL Hepatoprotective & Anti-oxidative Extract For Metabolic Syndrome ■ WALNUT POLYPHENOL-P10,P30 (Powder，Food Grade) ■ WALNUT POLYPHENOL-WSP10 (Water-soluble Powder，Food Grade) ■ WALNUT POLYPHENOL-PC10,PC30 （Powder，Cosmetic Grade） ■ WALNUT POLYPHENOL-WSPC10 （Water-soluble Powder，Cosmetic Grade） ■ WALNUT POLYPHENOL-LC （Water-soluble Liquid，Cosmetic Grade） ■ WALNUT SEED OIL （Oil，Food & Cosmetic Grade） ORYZA OIL & FAT CHEMICAL CO., LTD ver. 1.0 HS WALNUT POLYPHENOL ver.1.0 HS WALNUT POLYPHENOL Hepatoprotective & Anti-oxidative Extract For Metabolic Syndrome 1. Introduction Recently, there is an increased awareness on metabolic syndrome – a condition characterized by a group of metabolic risk factors in one person. They include abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, insulin resistance, prothrombotic state & proinflammatory state. The dominant underlying risk factors appear to be abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. In addition, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most commonly associated “liver” manifestation of metabolic syndrome which can progress to advance liver disease (e.g. cirrhosis) with associated morbidity and mortality. Lifestyle therapies such as weight loss significantly improve all aspects of metabolic syndrome, as well as reducing progression of NAFLD and cardiovascular mortality. Walnut (Juglans regia L. seed) is one the most popular nuts consumed in the world. It is loaded in polyunsaturated fatty acids – linoleic acid (LA), oleic acid and α-linolenic acid (ALA), an ω3 fatty acid. It has been used since ancient times and epidemiological studies have revealed that incorporating walnuts in a healthy diet reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Recent investigations reported that walnut diet improves the function of blood vessels and lower serum cholesterol.
    [Show full text]
  • Phenol Biological Metabolites As Food Intake Biomarkers, a Pending Signature for a Complete Understanding of the Beneficial Effe
    nutrients Review Phenol Biological Metabolites as Food Intake Biomarkers, a Pending Signature for a Complete Understanding of the Beneficial Effects of the Mediterranean Diet Juana I. Mosele 1,2 and Maria-Jose Motilva 3,* 1 Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina; [email protected] 2 CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina 3 Instituto de Ciencias de La Vid y del Vino (ICVV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Gobierno de La Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja, 26007 Logroño, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The Mediterranean diet (MD) has become a dietary pattern of reference due to its preventive effects against chronic diseases, especially relevant in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Establishing an objective tool to determine the degree of adherence to the MD is a pending task and deserves consideration. The central axis that distinguishes the MD from other dietary patterns is the choice and modality of food consumption. Identification of intake biomarkers of commonly consumed foods is a key strategy for estimating the degree of adherence to the MD and understanding the protective mechanisms that lead to a positive impact on health. Throughout this review we propose potential candidates to be validated as MD adherence biomarkers, with particular focus on the metabolites derived from the phenolic compounds that are associated with the consumption of Citation: Mosele, J.I.; Motilva, M.-J. typical Mediterranean plant foods. Certain phenolic metabolites are good indicators of the intake Phenol Biological Metabolites as Food of specific foods, but others denote the intake of a wide-range of foods.
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2018/002916 Al O
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2018/002916 Al 04 January 2018 (04.01.2018) W !P O PCT (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every C08F2/32 (2006.01) C08J 9/00 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, C08G 18/08 (2006.01) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, DO, (21) International Application Number: DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, PCT/IL20 17/050706 HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JO, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, KP, (22) International Filing Date: KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, 26 June 2017 (26.06.2017) MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, (25) Filing Language: English SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, (26) Publication Language: English TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every 246468 26 June 2016 (26.06.2016) IL kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, TZ, (71) Applicant: TECHNION RESEARCH & DEVEL¬ UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ, OPMENT FOUNDATION LIMITED [IL/IL]; Senate TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, House, Technion City, 3200004 Haifa (IL).
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary of Molecules
    Supplementary Materials 1. Taxonomy of Melastomataceae Melastomataceae, the seventh largest family of flowering plants, belong to the order myrtales along with aristolochiaceae, combretaceae, crypteroniaceae, halorrhagidaceae, lythraceae, memecylaceae, myrtaceae, onagraceae and rhizophoraceae. Table S1. Summary of Melastomataceae taxonomy (Adapted from Renner, 1993 [2]). Subfamilies Tribes Astronieae (Triana, 1865) 4 Genera, 149 species Blackeeae (Hook,1867) 2 Genera, 162 species Microlicieae (Naudin, 1849) 11 Genera, 67 species Rhexieae (D.C 1828) 1 Genus, 13 species Melastomatoideae (Naudin 1849) Sonerileae (Triana, 1865) 40 Genera, 560–600 species Miconieae (D.C 1828) 38 Genera, 2200 species Merianieae (Triana, 1865) 16 Genera, 220 species Melastomeae (Osbeckeae, D.C 1828) 47 Genera, 850 species Kibesioideae(Naudin, 1849) Kibessieae (Krasser, 1893) Pternandra (15 spp.) Jussieu (1789) first recognized the melastomataceae as a natural unit; however, David Don (1823) was who put structure into the family. Triana, a Colombian native with extensive knowledge in the field, published his system in 1865 and slightly modified it in 1871. Triana’s system grouped the melastomataceae in three subfamilies, melastomatoideae, astronioideae and memecyloideae; which include thirteen tribes. Owing to the size of this family, the internal classification has been reviewed several times. A recent systematic analysis of melastomataceous plants re-structured and placed them into two subfamilies, kibesioideae and melastomatoideae, which contains only nine
    [Show full text]
  • Nutrigenomic Approach to Study the Potential Role of Walnut Polyphenols and Their Human Metabolites in Cancer Prevention and Treatment
    N utrigenomic approach to study the potential role of walnut polyphenols and their human metabolites in cancer prevention and treatment Claudia Alejandra Sánchez González A questa tesi doctoral està subjecta a la llicència Reconeixement - NoComercial – CompartirIgual 4 .0. Espanya de Creative Commons . Esta tesis doctoral está sujeta a la licencia Reconocimiento - NoComercial – CompartirIgua l 4 .0. España de Creative Commons . Th is doctoral thesis is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - ShareAlike 4 .0. Spain License . FACULTAT DE FARMÀCIA PROGRAMA DE DOCTORAT ALIMENTACIÓ I NUTRICIÓ NUTRIGENOMIC APPROACH TO STUDY THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF WALNUT POLYPHENOLS AND THEIR HUMAN METABOLITES IN CANCER PREVENTION AND TREATMENT. Claudia Alejandra Sánchez González, 2015 FACULTAT DE FARMÀCIA PROGRAMA DE DOCTORAT ALIMENTACIÓ I NUTRICIÓ NUTRIGENOMIC APPROACH TO STUDY THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF WALNUT POLYPHENOLS AND THEIR HUMAN METABOLITES IN CANCER PREVENTION AND TREATMENT. Memoria presentada por Claudia Alejandra Sánchez González para optar al título de doctor por la Universidad de Barcelona Dra. Maria Izquierdo-Pulido Dra. Verónica Noé Mata Directora y Tutora Directora Claudia Alejandra Sánchez González Barcelona, 2015 This thesis was financed by grants from the following institutions: Spanish Ministry California Walnut Commission of Science and Innovation (SAF2011-23582 and SAF2014-51825-R) The doctoral candidate was supported with a scholarship from the Mexican Council of Science and Technology “Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)” Difícilmente existen palabras suficientes para agradecerles a todas las personas que me han apoyado en esta etapa de mi vida, pero haré el intento… Gracias a mis directoras de tesis, la Dra Maria Izquierdo Pulido y la Dra.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genus Alnus, a Comprehensive Outline of Its Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities
    Review The Genus Alnus, A Comprehensive Outline of Its Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities Xueyang Ren, Ting He, Yanli Chang, Yicheng Zhao, Xiaoyi Chen, Shaojuan Bai, Le Wang, Meng Shen and Gaimei She * School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China; [email protected] (X.R.); [email protected] (T.H.); [email protected] (Y.C.); [email protected] (Y.Z.); [email protected] (X.C.); [email protected] (S.B.); [email protected] (L.W.); [email protected] (M.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-010-8473-8628 Received: 19 July 2017; Accepted: 16 August 2017; Published: 21 August 2017 Abstract: The genus Alnus (Betulaceae) is comprised of more than 40 species. Many species of this genus have a long history of use in folk medicines. Phytochemical investigations have revealed the presence of diarylheptanoids, polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids and other compounds. Diarylheptanoids, natural products with a 1,7-diphenylheptane structural skeleton, are the dominant constituents in the genus, whose anticancer effect has been brought into focus. Pure compounds and crude extracts from the genus exhibit a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities both in vitro and in vivo. This paper compiles 273 naturally occurring compounds from the genus Alnus along with their structures and pharmacological activities, as reported in 138 references. Keywords: chemical constituents; biological activities; Alnus; diarylheptanoids 1. Introduction Alnus is a genus in the family Betulaceae, which comprises more than 40 species mainly distributed in Asia, Africa, Europe and North America. A total of seven species and one variant are distributed in the south and north of China [1].
    [Show full text]
  • 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Hydrolyzable Tannins. III
    3849 No. 10 Chem. Pharm. Bull. [ 36(10)3849-3856(1988) ] 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Hydrolyzable Tannins . III.1) Tannins Having 1C4 Glucose and C-Glucosidic Linkage TSUTOMU HATANO,a TAKASHI YOSHIDA,aTETSURO SHINGUb and TAKUO OKUDA*.a Faculty of PharmaceuticalSciences, Okayama University,aTsushima, Okayama 700, Japan and Faculty of PharmaceuticalSciences, Kobe Gakuin University,b Ikawadani, Nishi-ku,Kobe 673, Japan (ReceivedApril 1, 1988) Two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was utilized for the assignments of the glucose carbon signals in the 13C-NMR spectra of hydrolyzable tannins in which the glucopyranose core takes a 1C4 or related boat conformation, and of tannins possessing a C- glucosidic linkage. Remarkable changes in the sequences of glucose carbons were observed with change in the conformation of the glucose core, and with the formation of a C-glucosidic linkage. The chemical shifts of the C-2 signals of the glucose cores adopting the open-chain form in C- glucosidic tannins and in complex tannins can be utilized for the discrimination of the configura- tions at C-1 in these tannins. Keywords tannin; 13C-NMR; 2D NMR; conformation; ellagitannin; C-glucosidic tannin; complex tannin; geraniin; casuarinin; guavin A In the previous papers,1.2) we reported the assignments of the glucose carbon signals in the 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) spectrum of tannins possessing 4C, glucose. They include tannins having acylated anomeric centers2) and those existing as anomer mixtures.1) We also reported application of the spectral data of monomeric tannins to the structural analyses of dimeric tannins.1.2) This paper deals with the 13C signals of tannins in which the glucose core adopts a C, or related boat conformation, and of tannins having a C- glucosidic linkage.
    [Show full text]
  • Bioactive Constituents and Medicinal Importance of Genus Alnus
    PHCOG REV. REVIEW ARTICLE Bioactive constituents and medicinal importance of genus Alnus Sushil Chandra Sati, Nitin Sati1, O. P. Sati, Department of Chemistry, 1Pharmaceutical Sciences, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India Submitted: 19-08-2010 Revised: 22-02-2011 Published: 23-12-2011 ABSTRACT The genus Alnus has been reviewed for its chemical constituents and biological activities including traditional importance of some common species. The plants of this genus contain terpenoids, fl avonoids, diarylheptanoids, phenols, steroids, and tannins. Diarylheptanoids are the dominant constituents within the genus Alnus, few of them exhibited antioxidant effects and inhibitory activity against nuclear factor kappaB activation, nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-α production, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, farnesyl protein transferase, cell-mediated low-density lipoprotein oxidation, HIF-1 in AGS cells, and the HIV-1-induced cytopathic effect in MT-4 cells. Some ellagitannines showed hepatoprotective activity even in a dose of 1 mg/kg which is ten-fold smaller compared with the dose of traditional fl avonoid-based drugs. The members of genus Alnus are well known for their traditional uses in the treatment of various diseases like cancer, hepatitis, infl ammation of uterus, uterine cancer, rheumatism, dysentery, stomachache, diarrhea, fever, etc. The aim of the present review is to summarize the various researches related to the chemistry and pharmacology of genus Alnus. Key words: Alnus, antioxidant effects, diarylheptanoids, HIV-I, inhibitory activity INTRODUCTION The plants of this genus have been found active against many live-threatening disorders like hepatitis, HIV-1 viral replication, Betulaceae or the Birch family includes six genera of deciduous and cancer.
    [Show full text]
  • Potential Nutritional and Antioxidant Activity of Various Solvent Extracts from Leaves and Stem Bark of Anisophyllea Laurina R. Br Ex Sabine Used in Folk Medicine
    Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Article http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902017000216040 Potential nutritional and antioxidant activity of various solvent extracts from leaves and stem bark of Anisophyllea laurina R. Br ex Sabine used in folk medicine Gbago Onivogui1,3, Xiaodan Zhang4, Mohamed Diaby2, Clotaire Gna Maomy2, Yuanda Song1,2,* 1Center of Excellence for Functional Food and Health, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China ,2State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China, 3Center of Scientific research Rogbane Conakry, Guinea, 4College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou, China Anisophyllea laurina is a plant that has been used in folk medicine to treat malaria, dysentery, diabetes, toothache and various skin diseases. Leaves extract had protein content of 9.68% and a high calcium content of 25084.317 mg/100 g while stem bark extract was found to contain greater amounts of calcium (8560.96 mg/100 g), potassium (7649.47 mg/100 g), magnesium (1462.49 mg/100 g) and iron (973.33 mg/100 g). Palmitic acid, linolenic acid, linoleic acid and oleic acid were the most abundant fatty acids in leaves and stem bark extracts. Furthermore, total phenolic (2382.39 mg GAE /100 g) and total flavonoid (385.79 mg QE/100 g) contents were abundant in stem bark while leaves extract was rich in total tannin content (3466.63 mg CE/100 g). However, both leaves and stem bark contained great amounts of vitamins and amino acids were a good source of antioxidant activities. For the individual polyphenol, stenophyllanin A (45.87 mg/g), casuarinin (24.55 mg/g) and digalloyl-HHDP-glucopyranose isomer (15.63 mg/g) were found to be the major compounds from the leaves whereas procyanidin tetramer (14.89 mg/g, (-)-Epicatechin (12.18 mg/g) and procyanidin trimer (11.25 mg/g) were the most predominant compounds from the stem bark.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,716,352 B1 Huang Et Al
    US008716352B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,716,352 B1 Huang et al. (45) Date of Patent: *May 6, 2014 (54) TANNINFORMULATION FORTREATING GI (56) References Cited SPASMS U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS (71) Applicant: LiveLeaf, Inc., San Carlos, CA (US) 1844,018 A 12/1929 Sailer 1,891,149 A 1 1/1931 Elger 1965,458 A 2/1933 Elger (72) Inventors: Alexander L. Huang, Menlo Park, CA 3,484.248 A 12/1969 Nathaniel et al. (US); Gin Wu, San Rafael, CA (US) 3,649,297 A 3, 1972 Millin 3,692.904 A 9, 1972 Tsutsumi 3,817,835 A 6, 1974 Neidleman (73) Assignee: Liveleaf, Inc., San Carlos, CA (US) 3,821,440 A 6, 1974 Reeve 3,824, 184 A 7, 1974 Hatcher et al. 3,860,694 A 1/1975 Jayawant (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 3,864.454. A 2f1975 Pistor et al. 4,008,339 A 2f1977 Matsuda et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 4,072,671 A 2f1978 Sodini et al. U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. 4,171,280 A 10, 1979 Maddox et al. This patent is Subject to a terminal dis (Continued) claimer. FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (21) Appl. No.: 13/772,264 CN 2009.10167930.5 10/2009 EP O3901.07 10, 1990 (22) Filed: Feb. 20, 2013 (Continued) OTHER PUBLICATIONS Related U.S. Application Data Daayf et al. Recent Advances in Polyphenol Research, 2008, (63) Continuation of application No. 13/726, 180, filed on Blackwell Publishing, p.
    [Show full text]
  • Specific Distribution Differences of Tannins and Flavonols in Pecan
    Received: 30 January 2020 | Revised: 22 June 2020 | Accepted: 3 July 2020 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1797 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Metabolic profiling revealed the organ-specific distribution differences of tannins and flavonols in pecan Mengyang Xu1,2 | Pei Liu3 | Xiaodong Jia1,2 | Min Zhai1,2 | Shigang Zhou1,2 | Baocheng Wu1,2 | Zhongren Guo1,2 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute Abstract of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Carya illinoinensis is rich in phenolic metabolites such as tannins and flavonols, but Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China both the composition and the distribution of these nutritional constituents in most 2The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural pecan organs were still unclear. In this experiment, a comprehensive qualification Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu and quantification of phenolic metabolites in eight organs of pecan were conducted Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China for the first time. Ninety-seven phenolic metabolites were identified, in which twelve 3Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation were identified for the first time in pecan, including a series of ellagitannins with high Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of molecular weight. Hydrolysable tannin was the dominant kind of phenolic metabo- Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China lites in pecan. The metabolic profiles of tannins in pecan were extended. Thirty-three Correspondence phenolic metabolites were quantified, among them the highest content was ellagic Xiaodong Jia, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the acid pentose in testa. From this experiment, we can see that the distribution of phe- Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and nolic metabolites in pecan was organ-specific, tannins tend to accumulate in pecan Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing testa with both diverse structures and high contents, while flavonols tend to accu- 210014, Jiangsu, China.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,722,040 B2 Huang Et Al
    USOO8722040B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,722,040 B2 Huang et al. (45) Date of Patent: *May 13, 2014 (54) SITE-ACTIVATED BINDING SYSTEMS THAT 5,824.414 A 10/1998 Kobayashi et al. 5,834.409 A 11/1998 Ramachandran et al. SELECTIVELY INCREASE THE 5,839,369 A 1 1/1998 Chatterjee et al. BOACTIVITY OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS 5,879,733 A 3/1999 Ekanayake et al. AT TARGET SITES 5,891.440 A 4/1999 Lansky 6,068,862 A 5, 2000 Ishihara et al. 6,080,573 A 6/2000 Convents et al. (75) Inventors: Alexander L. Huang, Menlo Park, CA 6,136,849 A 10/2000 Hoffmann et al. (US); Gin Wu, San Rafael, CA (US) 6,284,770 B1 9/2001 Mangel et al. 6,383,523 B1 5, 2002 Murad (73) Assignee: Liveleaf, Inc., San Carlos, CA (US) 6,420,148 B2 7/2002 Yamaguchi 6,436,342 B1 8, 2002 Petri et al. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 6,444,805 B1 9, 2002 Sohn et al. 6,537,546 B2 3/2003 Echigo et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 6,551,602 B1 4/2003 Barrett et al. U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. 6,630,163 B1 10/2003 Murad 6,642,277 B1 1 1/2003 Howard et al. This patent is Subject to a terminal dis 6,926,881 B2 8, 2005 Hirose et al. claimer. 7,018,660 B2 3/2006 Murad 7,241,461 B2 7/2007 Myhill et al.
    [Show full text]