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Blow Flies (Diptera, Calliphoridae) of Idaho: an Annotated Checklist

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Great Basin Naturalist Volume 59 Number 1 Article 8 1-22-1999 Blow flies (Diptera, Calliphoridae) of Idaho: an annotated checklist Donald R. Brothers Boise, Idaho Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn Recommended Citation Brothers, Donald R. (1999) "Blow flies (Diptera, Calliphoridae) of Idaho: an annotated checklist," Great Basin Naturalist: Vol. 59 : No. 1 , Article 8. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol59/iss1/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Basin Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Great Basin \ aturalist 59(1), el999, pp. 92-96 BLOW FLIES (DIPTERA, CALLIPHORIDAE) OF IDAHO: AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST Donald R. Brothersl ABSTJl.AC1:-A total of 33 species of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are recorded from Idaho. They include 1 species each of Cochliomyia, Phormia, Protophormia, TrypocallipllOra, Cyanus, Cynomya, and Melanodexia; 12 species of ProtocaUiphora; 5 species of Lucilia; 6 species ofCalliphora; and 3 species of Pollenla. Other calliphorid species that may also occur in the state include 5 species of Protocalliphora and 3 species of Calliphora.. Known distribution, periods of u.ctivity, abundance within the state, and biological notes are provided. Key IL:'Ords: Diplera, Calliphoridae, blowflies, Idaho, distribution. Many blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) of Idaho since 1968 utilizing general collecting are of economic importance because of their techniques and fly traps, sweeping over bait effects on public health (James 1947, Green­ stations and road-killed animals, and rearing burg 1971), livestock (Williams et a!. 1985), and to adults larvae taken from carcasses; litera­ wildlife (Baumgartner 1988, Sabrosky et aJ. ture reports by Hall (1948), Linam and Rees 1989). In addition, an interest in blow flies as (1957), Horning and Barr (1970), and Sabrosky forensic indicators has become increasingly et aI. (1989); and specimens examined by the popular in recent years (Smith 1986, Green­ author from the following institutions: U.S. burg 1991, Catts and Goff 1992). Therefore, National Museum of Natural History (System­ information about these flies is important. atic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural In 1948, Hall's monograph, The blowflies of Research Service, USDA), Smithsonian Insti­ North America, provided comprehensive cov­ tution (USNM), University of Idal,o (WFBM), erage of the calliphorid fauna. Hall (1965) cat­ Albertson College of Idaho (CIDA), Washing­ aloged the blow flies in A catalog of the ton State University (WSUC), Utah State Uni­ Diptera ofAmerica 1I0rt), ofMexico, Cole (1969) versity (EMUS), and Brigham Young Univer­ included information about tbe fam~y in his sity (BYDC). Excluding the genera Protocal­ general work on western flies, and Shewell liphora, TrypocalUphora, and Melanodexia, (1987) provided identification keys, illustrations, voucher specimens of 17 species from the and brief comments pertaining to earctic author's collection have been deposited at species. From the Rocky Mountain states and USNM. westward. only 2 works cover the blow flies at The taxonomic conbibution ofRogues (1991) the state level, James (1955) for California and suggests that the synonymy of Hall (1965) and De Jong (1994) for Colorado. This work adds Shewell (1987) for North American calliphorids to localized knowledge by providing informa­ is out of date. Therefore, the arrangement of tion about the distribution, periods of activity, genera and species in this text is as presented abundance, and biology of blow flies known to by Rognes (1991) and subsequently listed for occur or which may occur in Idaho. This check· the Nearctic region by Poole (1996). Species are list is a preliminary step toward a more detailed listed alphabetically within genera. Because of publication on Idaho blow flies (primarily on long-standing use in earlier works, some generic synanthropic species) containing biological and specific names are included in this list for notes, identification keys, and illustrations. reference. An asterisk (*) identifies calliphOrid The present records are based on intermit­ species which currently are not reported from tent collections by the author throughout much Idaho but which may occur in the state based lao Kirk Dri~, Bll'ise, ID &1116. 92 1999] IDAHO BLOW FLIES 93 on collection records in proximity to state *Protocalliphora chrrJsorrhoea (Meigen). Trus boundaries. Periods of activity are based on species has been recorded in Cache County, Utah, earliest and latest collection dates in tbe cal­ and Ravalli County, Montana. The chief host is the endar year. Abundance is based on relative Bank Swallow. This species probably occurs in Idaho. abundance at collection sites. Protocalliplwra eupriM (Hall), Franklin County. Hosts include the dove and passeriform hirds. SUBFAMILY CHRYSOMYINAE Genus CochlimnyW *ProtocallipJwra Juzlli Sabrosky, Bennett, and Townsend Whitworth. This specie.~ has been recorded in Box Elder, Cache, and Rich L'Ountie.o;;, Utah, and in CoclJiofU.yia macellada (Fabricius). Canyon, British Columbia. The chief hosts are Say's Phoebe Oneida, and Washington counties. August-October. and Barn SwaUow. 'nlis species probably occurs in Rare. 111e Canyon County record involved myiasis Idaho. in a dog (O'Keeffe 1970), and the Washington County record involved myiasis in a human (Port­ >II Pmtocalliphora JW8peria Shannon nnd Dobros~ man 1954). cky, This species has been recorded in Box Elder Genus Phormia and Cache counties, Utah, and in British Columbia. Robineau-Desvoidy Known hosts include several passeritorm birds. This species probably occurs in Idaho. Phonnia regina (Meigen). Ada, Adams, Bannock, Blaine, Boise. Bonner, Bonneville, Butte, Camas, Prorocalliphora hirutulo Shannon and DohroscL')'. Canyon, Cassia, Clark, Custer, Elmore, Franklin, Bear I..,ke, Bonner, and Custer counties. Although Gem, Cooding, Idaho, Jefferson, Kootenai, Latah, chief hosts are swallows, several other passerifonn Lemhi, Lewis, Nez Perce, Oneida, Owyhee, Sho­ birds are parasitized. shone, Teton, Twin FalJs, Yaney, and Washington counties. JJouary-Novemher. Very (:ommon, Adults *Protocalliplwra intetTUpta Sabrosky, Bennett, overwinter. This species is generally the 1st fly and Whitworth. Recorded from Cache County, species to appear at a fresh carcass and will he the Utah, and British Columbia. Known hosL.. are chiefly most common species at the carcass initially. The Yellow-headed, Brewer's, and Red-winged Black· fly is often involved in wound myiasis and sheep hird~, Song Sparrow, and Marsh Wren. This species strike (James 1955). probahlyoccurs in Idaho. Genus Protocal1iphom ProtocnUiplwra law. Sabrosky, Bennett, and Hoogh Whit\\lorth. Fmnklin County. Known host'\ include All specie.o;; of Protocalliphora are parasitic on Red-tailed Hawk, American Kestrel, and Northern birds. Because adults are not typically attracted to Goshawk. carrion (which is nonnally a major source of blow flies), adults of all species are scarce in collections ProtocaUiplwra metaUica (Townsend). Caribou, and are not commonly observed in nature. Sabrosky Latah, and Oneida counties. Known hosts include ct aI. (1989) provides the sole source of information numerous passeriform species. for species records included in this checklist. *ProtoclJ1iphora parorum Sabrosky, Bennett, ProtocaUipJwl'a aenea Shannon and Dohroscl..")', and Whitworth. Recorded from Box Elder and Shoshone County. Known hosl"i that occur in [daho Cache counties, Utah. Known hosts are chiefly include American Dipper, Say's American Phoebe, chickadee species. This species prohably oceurs in Robin, Bam Swallow, and IIouse Wren. Iduho. ProtocaUiphora ooium. Shannon and Dobroscky. Protocalliphora seminuda Sabrosky, Bennett, Ada, Bear Lake, Franklin, Nez Peree, Latah, Onedia, and Whitworth. Butte and Oneida counties. Known and Owyhee counties. This species is parasitic on the Am.erican Crow and raptorial birds. hosts include Brewer's Blackbird, Horned Lark, and Barn Swallow. ProtocaUiphora beamen Sabrosky, Bennett, and Whitworth. Butte County. This species is known *P"otocaUiphora shannoni Sabrosky, Bennett, only to parasitize swallows. and Whitworth. Recorded from Cache County, Utah; Ravalli County, Montana; and near Vernon, Protoealliphora bnt""cisq1lama Sahrosky, Ben­ British C'.olumbia. Known hosts include a number nett, and Whitworth. Butte County. Only known of passeriforrn birds. Thi'\ species probably occurs host of this species is the Chipping Sparrow. in Idaho. 94 GREAT BASIN NATIJRAUST [Volume 59 Pl'OtocaUiphora sialia Shannon and Dobroscky. nock, Bingham, Blaine, Boise, Bonneville, Camas, Bear Lake, Franklin, and Latah counties. Known Canyon, Cassia, Custer, Elmore, Jefferson, Jerome, hosts include numerous passerifonn species. Latah, Nez Perce, Owyhee, Twin Falls, and Wash­ ington counties. April-September. Very common. ProtocaUiphora spatulata Sabrasky, Bennett, and This species is the most common metaDic-colored Whitworth. Latah County. Sabrosky et aJ. (1989) fiy in residential communities. Food range of the reported Rosy Finch, Homed Lark, and "Vater Pipit larva is wide, enabling it to develop commonly in as hosts. Fair and Miller (1995) added Savannah garbage. Sparrow and White-crowned Sparrow. Lucilia silvarum (Meigen). Hall (1965) placed Protocalliphora
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  • The Toad Fly Lucilia Bufonivora

    The Toad Fly Lucilia Bufonivora

    Medical and Veterinary Entomology (2018), doi: 10.1111/mve.12328 The toad fly Lucilia bufonivora: its evolutionary status and molecular identification G. ARIAS-ROBLEDO1,2, T.STARK3,R.L.WALL1 and J. R. STEVENS2 1School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K., 2Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K. and 3Reptile, Amphibian and Fish Conservation the Netherlands (RAVON), Nijmegen, The Netherlands Abstract. The blow fly genus Lucilia is composed largely of saprophages and facultative myasis agents, including the economically important species Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Lucilia sericata (Meigen). Only one species is generally recognized as an obligate agent of myiasis, Lucilia bufonivora Moniez, and this is an obligate parasite of toads. Lucilia silvarum (Meigen), a sister species, behaves mainly as a carrion breeder; however, it has also been reported as a facultative parasite of amphibians. Morphologically, these species are almost identical, and historically this has led to misidentification, taxonomic ambiguity and a paucity of studies of L. bufonivora. In this study, dipterous larvae were analysed from toad myiasis cases from the U.K., The Netherlands and Switzerland, together with adult specimens of fly species implicated in amphibian parasitism: L. bufonivora, L. silvarum and Lucilia elongata Shannon (from North America). Partial sequences of two genes, cox1 and ef1, were amplified. Seven additional blow fly species were analysed as outgroups. Bayesian inference treesof cox1, ef1 and a combined-gene dataset were constructed. All larvae isolated from toads were identified as L. bufonivora and no specimens of L. silvarum were implicated in amphibian myiasis. This study confirms L.