Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women
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Prosecution As Prevention?
Prosecution as Prevention? A study of the ‘End Impunity’ narrative in the UN’s fight against conflict- related sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Sofia Kahma Uppsala University, Department of Government Bachelor’s Thesis, Spring 2021 Supervisor: Johanna Söderström Word Count: 12 862 Pages: 41 1 Abstract This thesis explores the underlying assumptions guiding the United Nations’ activities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo with regard to conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV). The purpose is to reveal how the organization’s ‘End Impunity’ narrative represents the problem of CRSV and to analyze the ideational premises that legitimize the solution of increased accountability and prosecution. This thesis conducts a qualitative discourse analysis inspired by the ‘What’s the Problem Represented to be’ approach to analyze the implicit content of the narrative’s key policy texts. The results show that the narrative problematizes the inability of the Congolese judiciary to prosecute perpetrators, the disregard of legislation prohibiting sexual violence and the lack of justice provided to survivors of these crimes. These problematizations are reliant on assumptions of the rationality of perpetrators of sexual violence, as well as the universality of the Western human rights norm and ‘modern’ institutions. The findings suggest that the UN represents the problem of CRSV to be a problem of law and weak legal institutions in the DRC. Whilst this could be contingent on the ‘collapsed nature’ of the Congolese state, this thesis argues that as the DRC is a central case in the UN’s efforts to fight CRSV, the results of the analysis can be applied to the wider population of countries affected by conflict and sexual violence. -
Redefining Policy and Practice Unraveling Definitions of Sexual Violence Through a Survivor-Centered Approach
REDEFINING POLICY AND PRACTICE UNRAVELING DEFINITIONS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE THROUGH A SURVIVOR-CENTERED APPROACH A P R I L 2 0 2 0 R E D E F I N I N G P O L I C Y A N D P R A C T I C E UNRAVELING DEFINITIONS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE THROUGH A SURVIVOR- CENTERED APPROACH PROJECT TEAM: RAVINA ANAND SOLOMON ATTA DINOBA KIRUPA ISRAA NOUREDDINE ESEOHE OJO PROJECT SUPERVISOR: PROF. (DR.) ERIN BAINES CLIENT: WOMEN'S INITIATIVES FOR GENDER JUSTICE L 0 I 2 R 0 P 2 A G L O B A L P O L I C Y P R O J E C T Cover Page 1 S Inside Front Cover 2 Table of Contents 3 T Acknowledgements 5 Abbreviations 6 N Client Profile 7 Executive Summary 9 E CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 14 Background and Context 15 T Policy Challenge 18 Research Questions 18 N CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 19 The Evolution of the Definition of Sexual Violence in Conflict 19 O The Need for Survivor-Centered Approach 21 Understanding the UN's Mandate on Sexual Violence in Conflict C 24 CHAPTER THREE: CONNECTING POLICIES AND 28 PRACTICES F Insights at a Glance 28 The Evolution of Definitions 36 O Implications and Impact of a Broadened Definition 37 Thematic Analysis 38 Political and Environmental Scan E 43 Opportunities to Engage with and Broaden Definitions 44 L Constraints to Broadening Definitions 44 Stakeholder Analysis and Case Studies B The United Nations 47 The United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and 48 A the Empowerment of Women (also known as UN 48 Women) T The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) 49 The United Nations High Commissioner for 50 Refugees (UNHCR) R E D E F I N I N G -
Sexual Violence in Conflict: a War Crime
HOUSE OF LORDS Select Committee on Sexual Violence in Conflict Report of Session 2015–16 Sexual Violence in Conflict: A War Crime Ordered to be printed 22 March 2016 and published 12 April 2016 Published by the Authority of the House of Lords HL Paper 123 Select Committee on Sexual Violence in Conflict The Select Committee on Sexual Violence in Conflict was appointed by the House of Lords on 11 June 2015 “to consider the UK’s policy and practice of preventing sexual violence in conflict”. Membership The Members of the Select Committee on Sexual Violence in Conflict were: Lord Black of Brentwood Baroness Kinnock of Holyhead Bishop of Derby Baroness Nicholson of Winterbourne (Chairman) Baroness Goudie Lord Sterling of Plaistow Lord Hannay of Chiswick Baroness Warsi Baroness Hilton of Eggardon Lord Williams of Elvel Baroness Hodgson of Abinger Baroness Young of Hornsey Baroness Hussein-Ece Declaration of interests See Appendix 1. A full list of Members’ interests can be found in the Register of Lords’ Interests: http://www.parliament.uk/mps-lords-and-offices/standards-and-interests/register-of-lords- interests Publications All publications of the Committee are available at: http://www.parliament.uk/svc-committee Parliament Live Live coverage of debates and public sessions of the Committee’s meetings are available at: http://www.parliamentlive.tv Further information Further information about the House of Lords and its Committees, including guidance to witnesses, details of current inquiries and forthcoming meetings is available at: http://www.parliament.uk/business/lords Committee staff The staff who worked on this Committee were Aaron Speer (Clerk), Cathryn Auplish (Policy Analyst) and Thomas Cheminais (Committee Assistant). -
Alternative Approaches to Women, Peace, and Security in a Changing Era
ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO WOMEN, PEACE, AND SECURITY IN A CHANGING ERA STUDENT WORKING PAPERS Penn Law Seminar on International Women’s Human Rights taught by Rangita de Silva de Alwis, Associate Dean of International Programs Report presented to UN Women and Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights on April 23, 2018 ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO WOMEN, PEACE, AND SECURITY IN A CHANGING ERA TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD RANGITA DE SILVA DE ALWIS INTRODUCTION SHANE FISCHMAN PART I: THE DOMESTIC SPHERE: “EDUCATION IS THE ONLY SOLUTION”: THE POWER OF GIRLS’ EDUCATION TO PREVENT CONFLICT AND FACILITATE PEACE GENEVIEVE LIM URBAN VIRGINITY TESTING IN LAW ENFORCEMENT: A CASE STUDY EXAMINING HOW INDONESIA’S VIRGINITY TESTS THREATEN WOMEN’S PEACE AND SECURITY DEVIN TROY FAMILY PLANNING: THE CLOSEST THING TO A SILVER BULLET FOR ARMED CONFLICT EMILIE RABER CONTINUED IMPUNITY AND 1325: WHY RAPE REMAINS IN LIBERIA DESPITE EFFORTS TOWARDS INTERNATIONAL NORM COMPLIANCE LAUREN WYSZOMIERSKI SEX TRAFFICKING AND WOMEN’S RIGHTS, PEACE, AND SECURITY: CASE STUDIES ON ROMANIA AND NEPAL KERRI GALLAGHER DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AS AN INDICATOR OF STATE STABILITY: LESSONS FROM EL SALVADOR AND TIMOR-LESTE MARY LESTER PART II: CULTURE AND RELIGION COGNITIVE DISSONANCE: CONCEPTUALIZING THE APPARENT CONFLICTS BETWEEN RELIGIOUS FREEDOM AND WOMEN’S RIGHTS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW MEREDITH CHRISTIAN TRANSNATIONAL JUSTICE AND THE IMPORTANCE OF GIVING PRIMACY TO WOMEN’S REPRESENTATION IN SECURITY FORCES TALYA DJEMAL CULTURE IN PRACTICE: INTERNATIONAL POLICY MECHANISMS FOR A GENDERED