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Environmental Impact Assessment (Eia) of Bonny Deep Exploration and Appraisal Wells Project

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Environmental Impact Assessment (Eia) of Bonny Deep Exploration and Appraisal Wells Project The Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Limited Operator of the NNPC/Shell/Agip/TEPNG Joint Venture ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) OF BONNY DEEP EXPLORATION AND APPRAISAL WELLS PROJECT. FINAL REPORT JUNE 2019 Table of content TABLE OF CONTENT I LIST OF FIGURES III LIST OF TABLES V LIST OF PLATES VII LIST OF ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYMS VIII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I CHAPTER ONE 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1: Background and Project location 1 1.2: Objectives of the Environmental Impact Assessment 1 1.3 Project Location 1 1.4: Legal and Administrative Framework 1 1.4.1: International Laws and Regulations 2 1.4.2: Legislations guiding Environmental management in Nigeria 3 1.4.3: Legislations guiding Environmental management in Rivers State 6 1.4.4: SPDC Policies and Principles 6 1.5: Declaration 8 CHAPTER TWO 1 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION 1 2.1 Introduction 1 2.2 Potential Environmental Impact of Bonny Deep-1X Exploration Well Activities 1 2.2.1: Envisaged Sustainability 2 2.2.2: Economic Sustainability 3 2.2.3: Technical Sustainability 3 2.2.4: Environmental Sustainability 3 2.2.5: Social Sustainability 3 CHAPTER THREE 1 PROJECT AND PROCESS DESCRIPTION 1 3.1 Introduction 1 3.2 Project objectives 2 3.3 Proposed Project scope/Overview 2 3.4 Well Casing and Completion Design 3 3.5 Well Blow-out Analysis 6 3.6 Proposed Relief Well Locations 6 3.6.1 Bonny Relief Well Location 1 7 3.6.2 Bonny-001 Potential Relief Well Location 7 3.7 Well Testing Options 8 3.8 Well Clean-Up 8 3.9 Project activities 8 3.9.1 Pre-mobilization 8 3.9.2 Mobilization Phase 8 3.9.3 Well Locations Preparations 9 3.9.4 Drilling Workscope and Activities 9 3.9.5 Risk of Accidents Resulting in Pollution or Hazards 9 3.9.6 Techniques for river crossing 10 3.9.7 Decommissioning, Abandonment and Restoration 10 3.9.8 Waste and/or By-Products Generated 11 CHAPTER FOUR 1 DESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT 1 4.1: General 1 i 4.2: Data Acquisition 1 4.3: Baseline Environmental Conditions 5 4.3.1: Climate and Meteorology 5 4.3.4 Surface water 14 4.3.5 Sediments 26 SEDIMENT 41 PARAMETER 41 4.3.6 Soil 45 4.3.7 Groundwater 54 4.3.8 Hydrobiology 67 4.3.9 Fish and Fishery Resources 81 4.4 Terrestrial Biodiversity Studies 93 4.4.1 Biodiversity Studies Introduction 93 4.4.2 Biodiversity Sampling Site 97 4.4.3 Sampling Size 97 4.4.4 Sampling parameters and methods 97 4.4.5 Habitat Types / Floral Status 106 4.4.6 Faunal Studies 121 4.5 Social Impact Assessment 132 4.5.1 Study area and population structure 132 4.5.2 Historical review of communities/ History and Ethnography 132 4.5.3 Socio-economic Characteristics of Respondents 133 4.6 Health Impact Assessment 158 4.6.1 General 158 4.6.2 Data collection methods 158 4.6.3 Socio-economic characteristics: 160 4.6.4 Access to safe drinking water 160 4.6.5 The quality of drinking water in the communities 162 4.6.6 Access to sanitation facility 163 4.6.7 Housing condition 164 4.6.8 Vector/pest control: 165 4.6.9 Indoor and outdoor Air quality: 165 4.6.10 Ambient noise levels 166 4.6.11 Waste management 166 4.6.12 Presence of risk factors (Use of alcohol and cigarette): 167 4.6.13 Sexual behaviour: 167 4.6.14 Knowledge of HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections 169 4.6.15 Household Food Security and the nutritional status of under-five children 170 4.6.16: Morbidity pattern 171 4.6.17 Prevalence of non-communicable diseases: 172 4.6.18 Mortality pattern 173 4.7 The health system: 174 4.7.1 Primary Health Centers: 174 4.7.2 Traditional Medicine 174 4.7.3 Secondary health care facilities 175 4.7.4 Tertiary health care 175 4.7.5 Medical Emergency Evacuation System: 175 CHAPTER FIVE 1 POTENTIAL AND ASSOCIATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 1 5.1: Introduction 1 5.2: Uncertainties 1 ii 5.3: Impact screening 1 5.4: Determination of project activities 2 5.5: Determination of sensitivities 3 5.6: Impact Qualification 10 5.8: Impact Assessment Methodology 13 CHAPTER SIX 34 MITIGATION MEASURES 34 6.1: Introduction 34 6.2: Mitigation Measures for the Cumulative impacts/effects 34 CHAPTER SEVEN 1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 1 7.1: Introduction 1 7.2: SPDC’s Corporate HSE Programme 1 7.3: Monitoring Objectives 2 7.4: Resourcing 2 7.5: Environmental Audits 2 7.6: Responsibilities and Training 2 7.7: Waste Management 3 7.8: Emergency Response Programme 3 7.9: Contractor Management 4 CHAPTER EIGHT 1 CONCLUSION 1 REFERENCES APPENDICES List of Figures Figure 2: Production Profile Forecast .................................................................................................... 2 Figure 1: Well schematics for the proposed Bonny Deep-1X Well....................................................... 4 Figure 2: Bonny Deep-1X proposed completion design ........................................................................ 5 Figure 3: Section view showing trajectories for the relief well options for Bonny Deep-X ................. 7 Figure 4.1.1 Systematic and structured procedures adopted for the Bonny Deep EIA ......................... 1 Figure 4.3.1.1: Monthly Average Minimum and Mabximum Temperatures, Temperature Range and Sunshine Hours for Port Harcourt/Onne/Bonny Axis (a) 10m above the Earth (NASA) (b) Temperatures on the Earth’s surface (NIMET) ..................................................................................... 6 Figure 4.3.1.3: Daily Average Rainfall and Relative Humidity, for Port Harcourt/ Onne/Bonny Axis (a) 10m Above the Earth (NASA) (b) Earth’s Surface (NIMET) .......................................................... 9 Figure 4.3.1.4: Wind Rose of Port Harcourt for the Period of 1993 – 2001 (Source: NIMET 2011) ... 9 Fig. 4.3.3.1: SPM, CO concentrations and Noise levels of the study area compared to Control and FMEnv limits ....................................................................................................................................... 14 Figure 4.3.4.1: Average values of pH, EC, TDS, TSS, Turbidity and Salinity in the main and control surface water samples .......................................................................................................................... 15 Figure 4.3.4.2: Average conc. values of BOD, COD, and DO in the main and control surface water sample .................................................................................................................................................. 16 Figure 4.3.4.3: Average concentration values of sulphate, phosphate, nitrate and ammonia in the main and control surface water sample ......................................................................................................... 17 iii Figure 4.3.4.4: Average concentration values of Ba, Fe, Zn, and Mn in the main and control surface water samples ....................................................................................................................................... 18 Figure 4.3.4.5: Average THB, THF, HUB, and HUF composition of sediments within and beyond 500m radius .......................................................................................................................................... 19 Figure 4.3.5.1: Average particle size distribution of sediments within and beyond 2km radius ......... 27 Figure 4.3.5.2: Average pH and EC of sediments within and beyond 2km radius .............................. 28 Figure 4.3.5.3: Average TOC, NH4, P, and N composition of sediments within and beyond 2km radius .................................................................................................................................................... 29 Figure 4.3.5.4: Average Na, K, Ca, and Mg composition of sediments within and beyond 500m radius .................................................................................................................................................... 30 Figure 4.3.5.5: Average heavy metal composition of sediments within and beyond 500m radius ..... 31 Figure 4.3.5.6a: Spatial distribution of Cadmium in the sediments within the area of study .............. 33 Figure 4.3.5.6b: Spatial distribution of Chromium in the sediments within the area of study ............ 33 Figure 4.3.5.6c: Spatial distribution of Copper in the sediments within the area of study .................. 34 Figure 4.3.5.6d: Spatial distribution of Nickel in the sediments within the area of study ................... 35 Figure 4.3.5.6e: Spatial distribution of Lead in the sediments within the area of study ...................... 36 Figure 4.3.5.6f: Spatial distribution of Zinc in the sediments within the area of study ....................... 37 Figure 4.3.5.7: Average O&G and THC composition of sediments within project radius and control .............................................................................................................................................................. 38 Figure 4.3.5.8: Average THB, THF, HUB, and HUF composition of sediments within project radius and control ............................................................................................................................................ 39 Figure 4.3.7.1: Average values of pH, EC, TDS, Salinity, Turbidity and TSS in the main and control groundwater samples ............................................................................................................................ 55 Figure 4.3.7.2: Average concentration values DO in the main and control groundwater samples ...... 55 Figure 4.3.7.3: Average concentration values of Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn in the main and control groundwater samples ...........................................................................................................................
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