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CALIFORNIA AQUEDUCT SUBSIDENCE STUDY San Luis Field Division San Joaquin Field Division

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CALIFORNIA AQUEDUCT SUBSIDENCE STUDY San Luis Field Division San Joaquin Field Division State of California California Natural Resources Agency DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES Division of Engineering CALIFORNIA AQUEDUCT SUBSIDENCE STUDY San Luis Field Division San Joaquin Field Division June 2017 State of California California Natural Resources Agency DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES Division of Engineering CALIFORNIA AQUEDUCT SUBSIDENCE STUDY Jeanne M. Kuttel ......................................................................................... Division Chief Joseph W. Royer .......................... Chief, Geotechnical and Engineering Services Branch Tru Van Nguyen ............................... Supervising Engineer, General Engineering Section G. Robert Barry .................. Supervising Engineering Geologist, Project Geology Section by James Lopes ................................................................................ Senior Engineer, W.R. John M. Curless .................................................................. Senior Engineering Geologist Anna Gutierrez .......................................................................................... Engineer, W.R. Ganesh Pandey .................................................................... Supervising Engineer, W.R. assisted by Bradley von Dessonneck ................................................................ Engineering Geologist Steven Friesen ...................................................................... Engineer, Water Resources Dan Mardock .............................................................................. Chief, Geodetic Branch Operations Control Office staff ........................... Division of Operations and Maintenance San Luis Field Division staff ............................... Division of Operations and Maintenance San Joaquin Field Division staff ......................... Division of Operations and Maintenance i State of California California Natural Resources Agency DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES Division of Engineering CALIFORNIA AQUEDUCT SUBSIDENCE STUDY ENGINEERING CERTIFICATION ... This report has been prepared under my direction as the professional engineer in direct responsible charge of the work, in accordance with the provisions of the Professional Engineer's Act of the State of California. James M. Lopes Senior Engineer, Water Resources Geotechnical and Engineering Services Branch Civil Engineer Registration No. 62184 ii Contents Contents ....................................................................................................................................................... iii Tables ........................................................................................................................................................... vi Figures ......................................................................................................................................................... vi Abbreviations and Acronyms .................................................................................................................... viii Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................... ix Historic and Current Subsidence Summary ................................................................................................. ix Operational Impacts ...................................................................................................................................... x Hydraulic Impacts ......................................................................................................................................... x Future Study ................................................................................................................................................. xi Chapter 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Background .................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Purpose and Scope ............................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.3 Description of Study Area.................................................................................................................... 1-2 Chapter 2. Background — Land Subsidence ........................................................................................ 2-1 2.1 Previous Subsidence Studies ................................................................................................................ 2-1 2.2 Monitoring Subsidence ........................................................................................................................ 2-3 2.3 Regional Perspective ............................................................................................................................ 2-3 2.3.1 Groundwater Pumping and Water Level History ...................................................................... 2-3 2.3.2 Predicted Subsidence with Surface Water Deliveries (Active versus Residual) ................ 2-5 Chapter 3. Regional Setting .................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Regional Geology and Groundwater .................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Causes of Subsidence/Mechanisms of Compaction ............................................................................. 3-1 3.2.1 Groundwater Extraction (Deep Subsidence) ............................................................................. 3-2 3.2.2 Hydrocompaction (Shallow Subsidence) ........................................................................... 3-3 3.3 Historical Subsidence and Groundwater Levels .................................................................................. 3-5 Chapter 4. Aqueduct Construction ........................................................................................................ 4-1 4.1 Background .......................................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.2 Pre-Construction .................................................................................................................................. 4-1 4.2.1 Extra Freeboard .................................................................................................................. 4-2 4.2.2 Alignment (Three Alternatives) ......................................................................................... 4-5 4.2.3 Pre-Construction Ponds ...................................................................................................... 4-6 4.3 Construction ......................................................................................................................................... 4-8 4.4 Post-Construction ............................................................................................................................... 4-12 4.4.1 Canal Raises ..................................................................................................................... 4-13 4.4.2 Canal Repairs ................................................................................................................... 4-15 4.4.2.1 Milepost 134.98 ........................................................................................................... 4-16 4.4.2.2 Milepost 157.4 ............................................................................................................. 4-16 4.4.2.3 Milepost 87.45 ............................................................................................................. 4-16 iii 4.4.2.4 Milepost 89.56 ............................................................................................................. 4-16 4.4.2.5 Milepost 90.12 ............................................................................................................. 4-17 4.4.2.6 Milepost 273.48 ........................................................................................................... 4-17 4.4.2.7 Milepost 287.15 ........................................................................................................... 4-17 4.4.3 Leaks and Seeps ............................................................................................................... 4-18 4.4.3.1 Milepost 88.30 ............................................................................................................. 4-18 4.4.3.2 Milepost 88.96 ............................................................................................................. 4-19 4.4.3.3 Milepost 89.50 ............................................................................................................. 4-20 4.4.3.4 Milepost 121.98 ........................................................................................................... 4-20 4.4.4 Grout Tubes ..................................................................................................................... 4-21 4.4.5 1980–1981 Study ............................................................................................................. 4-22 Chapter 5. Operational Criteria ............................................................................................................. 5-1
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