Class Book. COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT SCHOOL HISTORY OF FLORIDA BY EDWIN L. GREEN, Ph.D. Professor of Greek in Central University, Richmond, Ky. BALTIMORE, 1898 : WILLIAMS & WILKINS COMPANY, PUBLISHERS. » 4350 COPYRIGHT, 1893 Edwin L. Green TWf'.nnpiESRi-cEivEi). -dfiti Copy TO HON. WILLIAM N. SHEATS, To whom, for his generous encouragement, this book is gratefully dedicated by the author, who himself is a son of Florida. PREFACE. The Honorable Superintendent of Public Instruc- tion of Florida has for some time endeavored to obtain a history of the State for use in the public schools. Hearing that the author had been devoting study to Florida, he suggested that a book be written suited to the needs of his schools ; and this work is then due first of all to his kind suggestion, but also to the gener- ous encouragement given at all times, especially in the securing of a publisher. The author has made an at- tempt to express in part his appreciation of this kind- ness by dedicating his humble book to the Honorable Superintendent William N. Sheats. This history is, as the title indicates, a school book, designed to give to the children of the schools a knowledge of the fascinating history of their native State, and the author has endeavored to keep their requirements in view, especially in employing a plain and simple style. Each chapter is divided into sec- tions furnished with headings explaining their contents. Questions have been placed at the bottom of the page to meet a possible want, and the principal dates have been set in the margin, in order that the scholar may the more easily keep correct the course of events. Nearly a hundred illustrations, among them pictures of nearly all the governors, add much to the interest and value of the book. Maps drawn from the best sources illustrate discoveries, settlements, and cam- paigns. The narrative, which extends from the earli- est period to the present, is based on the highest au- thorities, some of whom may be found in the list of books inserted for the use of teachers. The History of Florida by the Floridian author, Mr. G. R. Fair- banks, requires special mention not only because of its great excellence^ but because this book owes much to it, often following it in preference to other authori- ties. Much information concerning West Florida has been obtained in the Historical Sketches of Colonial Florida, by Mr. R. L. Campbell, of Pensacola. Both of these works are unfortunately out of print. Dr. Wm. T. Thom, of Baltimore, Md., has most kindly read and criticised the manuscript, and Prof. H. B. Adams, of the Johns Hopkins University, gener- ously examined it in part. Words of encouragement have been received from Rev. C. P. Walker, of Madi- son, Fla., and from Prof. B. C. Graham, of Tampa, Fla. Hon. Wm. N. Sheats, Mr. L. R. Christhilf, of Baltimore, Md., Mr. J. C. Green, of Pensacola, Fla., Judge Broome, of Orlando, Fla., Dr. R. Braden have Moore, of Vineland, N. J., and other friends, kindly aided in securing photographs for illustrations. Information concerning illustrations of historical value, in particular, the pictures of those governors not obtained for the present edition, and also all cor- rections to the present work will be gladly received and acknowledged. E. L. GREEN. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. —• CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. Florida discovered before 1513—Fountain of Youth—Juan Ponce de Leon's discovery of Florida—His attempt to set- tle the same—The name "Florida". CHAPTER n. Panfilo de Narvaez-—Hernando de Soto—Tristan de Luna. CHAPTER in. Coming of the French to Florida— Charles Fort— Fort Caro- line—Arrival of Menendez. CHAPTER IV. Founding of St. Augustine—Destruction of Fort Caroline Slaughter of Ribaut and his men. CHAPTER V. Mutiny—Activity of Menendez—His visit to Spain—Notable revenge of Dominic de Gourgues—Return cf Menendez— His death—Sir Francis Drake at St. Augustine. CHAPTER VI. Indians : History— Civilization—Religion. CHAPTER VII. Spanish Missions—Fort Marion—Pensacola. CHAPTER VIII. Encroachments of the English— Spanish invasions of South r Carolina—Governor Moore invades Florida—War between Pensacola and Mobile. CHAPTER IX. General Oglethorpe attacks St. Augustine—Invasion of Geor- gia by Governor Monteano. CHAPTER X. Condition of Florida in 1763—Transfer of Florida to Great Britain—East and West Florida. CHAPTER XL Florida under British rule—Inducements to settlers—Dr. Turnbull's colony at New Smyrna—Representative govern- ment—Revolutionary War—Panton, Leslie and Co.—Alex- ander McGillivray. CHAPTER XIL British rule in Florida, continued—"Old Rory"—Don Ber- nardo de Galvez captures Pensacola—Bahama Islands seized—Retransfer of Florida to Spain. CHAPTER XIII. Second Spanish occupation—Boundary lines—General Wil- liam Augustus Bowles—Two new Republics—United States soldiers in Florida. CHAPTER XIV. War of 1812—Tecumseh's visit to the Creeks and Seminoles —Percy and Nicholls—^Jackson at Pensacola. CHAPTER XV. Republic of Florida—Seminole War—^Jackson invades the Floridas—Arbuthnot and Ambrister—Second capture of Pensacola—Provisional government—Restoration to Spain. CHAPTER XVI. Purchase of the Floridas—Jackson appointed provisional governor—Territorial government. CHAPTER XVII. Florida as a Territory—Site of the Capital—Growth—Banks —Trouble with Indians. CHAPTER XVIII. Seminole War—Dade's massacre—Battle of the Withlacoo- chee—General Scott—General Jesup—Capture of Osceola. CHAPTER XIX. Seminole War, continued—General Taylor—Major-General Macomb—Bloodhounds—Capture of "Wild Cat"—The "gallant" Worth—Return of "Wild Cat"—End of War. — CHAPTER XX. Territorial governors—Admission of Florida into the Union —Railroads—Florida in i860. CHAPTER XXI. Secession—Seizure of Forts and Arsenals—Fort Pickens Operations of 1861—Coast held by Northern forces. CHAPTER XXII. Civil War, continued—St. Johns Bluff—Negro soldiers—Cap- tain Dickinson—Olustee—John Milton—Surrender. CHAPTER XXIII. Florida after the Civil War—Reconstruction—Impeachments of Governor Reed—Public schools—Finance—Return of the Democrats to power—Election of 1876. CHAPTER XXIV. Opening of a new era—Development of the public schools Constitution of 1885—General progress of the State. SOME WORKS RELATING TO FLORIDA. This list contains only such works as are to be ob- tained, and is for the use of teachers who may wish to know more about the history of Florida than can be learned from a school book. It is very much re- gretted that Mr. G. R. Fairbanks' History of Florida is no longer in print. Mrs. E. C. Long, of Tallahas- see, has prepared a history whose appearance it is hoped will not be long delayed. Brinton, D. G., The Floridian Peninsula. D. McKay, 23 South Ninth street, Philadelphia $1.00 Chambers, H. E., West Florida. The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore $.25 Drake, S. A., Florida. Little, Brown & Co., Boston. .. .$ .25 Fairbanks, G. R., History of St. Augustine. H. Drew & Bro., Jacksonville $ -75 Fiske, J., Discovery of America, 2 vols. Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Boston $4.00 Gatschet, A. S., A Migration-Legend of the Creeks. D. McKay, 23 South Ninth street, Philadelphia $3.00 Long, E. C, Florida Breezes. Ashmead Bros., Jackson- ville $1.00 Moore, Willson M., The Seminoles of Florida. American Print- ing House, 1019 Cherry street, Philadelphia $ .75 Parkman, F., Pioneers of France in the New World. Little, Brown & Co., Boston $1.12 Reid, M., Osceola, the Seminole, H. Drew & Bro., Jackson- ville $1.50 Reynolds, C. B., Old St. Augustine. H. Drew & Bro., Jack- sonville $1.50 Schaif, J. T., The Confederate States' Navy. Rogers & Sher- wood, New York. $3-50 Scott, W. A., The Repudiation of State Debts. Crowell & Co., 46 E. 14th street. New York $1.50 Shea, J. G., Ancient Florida, in second vol. of J. Winsor's Nar- rative and Critical History of America [excellent]. Hough- ton, Mifflin & Co., Boston .". .$5-50 The following papers may be consulted on the Semi- noles and the earlier tribes : Gushing, F. H., Exploration of Ancient Key Dwellers' Re- mains on the Gulf Coast of Florida. 1896. Am. Philosophi- cal Society, 104 South Fifth street, Philadelphia. Maccauley, C, The Seminoles of Florida. Annual Report of Bureau of Ethnology, 1883-84, Washington, D. C. Moore, C. B., Certain River Mounds of Duval Comity, Florida, etc. Vol. 8, Jour, of Acad, of Nat. Scien. of Phila. The Levytype Company, Philadelphia. Juan Ponce de Leon. From Winsor''s Narr. and Crit. Hist. HISTORY OF FLORIDA. CHAPTER I. FLORIDA DISCOVERED BEFORE 1513—FOUNTAIN OF YOUTH—JUAN PONCE DE LEON'S DISCOV- ER% OF FLORIDA—HIS ATTEMPT TO SETTLE THE SAME—THE NAME "FLORIDA". Florida Discovered Before Juan Ponce de Leon. According to the common story Juan Ponce de Leon was the discoverer of Florida. But an old map, drawn ten years before Ponce de Leon sailed on his memorable voyage, shows a peninsula exactly where the one named Florida was discovered. 1497 John Cabot explored the eastern coast of America in 1497; but it is very certain that he did not sail as far south as Florida. He could not have carried back information concerning land of which he had no knowledge. About this same time Amerigo Vespucci was making a secret examination of what every one in those days supposed to be the southern coast of Asia, and he has left a letter telling about his voyage. A comparison of the old map and Q. Who discovered Florida according to the common story? What does an old map show? Tell about John Ca- bot. What other exploration was going on at this same time? What did Amerigo ^'espucci leave behind him? What appears from a comparison of his letter and the old map ? of Amerigo Vespucci's letter makes it appear that he who gave his name to America was the first to see Florida.