diversity Article Managing Genetic Diversity and Representation in Banksia marginata (Proteaceae) Seed Production Areas Used for Conservation and Restoration Linda Broadhurst 1,* , David Bush 2 and Jim Begley 3 1 Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, CSIRO National Research Collections Australia, G.P.O. Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia 2 Australian Tree Seed Centre, CSIRO National Research Collections Australia, G.P.O. Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia;
[email protected] 3 Goulburn Broken Catchment Management Authority, P.O. Box 124, Benalla, VIC 3671, Australia;
[email protected] * Correspondence:
[email protected] Abstract: Landscape degradation is a major threat to global biodiversity that is being further exac- erbated by climate change. Halting or reversing biodiversity decline using seed-based restoration requires tons of seed, most of which is sourced from wild populations. However, in regions where restoration is most urgent, wild seed sources are often fragmented, declining and producing seed with low genetic diversity. Seed production areas (SPAs) can help to reduce the burden of collecting native seed from remnant vegetation, improve genetic diversity in managed seed crops and contribute to species conservation. Banksia marginata (Proteaceae) is a key restoration species in south-eastern Australia but is highly fragmented and declining across much of its range. We evaluated genetic diversity, population genetic structure and relatedness in two B. marginata SPAs and the wild popula- Citation: Broadhurst, L.; Bush, D.; tions from which the SPA germplasm was sourced. We found high levels of relatedness within most Begley, J. Managing Genetic Diversity remnants and that the population genetic structure was best described by three groups of trees.