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A Revision of the Genus Ranunculus (Ranunculaceae) for the State of Utah

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A Revision of the Genus Ranunculus (Ranunculaceae) for the State of Utah Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 1976-04-01 A revision of the genus Ranunculus (Ranunculaceae) for the state of Utah Margaret Doherty Palmieri Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Palmieri, Margaret Doherty, "A revision of the genus Ranunculus (Ranunculaceae) for the state of Utah" (1976). Theses and Dissertations. 7951. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7951 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. A REViSION OF THE GENUSRANUNCULUS (RANUNCULACEAE)FOR THE STATE OF UT.AH A Thesis Presented to the Department of Botany and Range Science Brigham Young University Ix!. Partial Fulfillment. of the Requirements foi: the. De,gree Master of Science by Margaret Doherty Palmieri April 1976 This thesis, by Margaret Doherty Palmieri is accepted in its present form by the Department of Botany and Range Science of Brigham Young University as satisfying the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Science. Date ii TABLEOF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES V LIST OF MAPS• vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. viii INTRODUCTION. 1 ~ORPHOtOGY. 6 DISTRIBUTIONAND ECOLOGY. 9 TAXONOMY. 12 Ranunculus L. 12 Key to the Species. 13 R. acriformis A. Gray 18 R. acris L. 22 R. adoneus A. Gray. 25 R. alismaefolius Geyer. 29 R. aquatilis L. 35 var. capillaceus (Thuill.) DC 36 var. hispidulus E. Drew 37 R. arvensis L. 40 R. cardiophyllus Hook. • 43 R. circinatus Sibth. 49 R. cymbalaria Pursh 53 R. eschscholtzii Schlect. 60 .var. eschscholtzii. 60 •var. : trisectus (Eastw.) Benson. 64 R. flabellarisRaf. 64 R. flamm.ula L. 68 R. glaberrimus Hook. 75 var. glaberrimus. 75 var. ellipticus Greene. 76 R. gmelinii DC. 79 R. inamoenus Greene 83 R. jovis A. Nels. 89 R. junipernus Jones 93 iii R. longirostris Godr. 97 R. macounii Britt •••• 100 R. oreogenes Greene .••••••. 107 R. orthorhynchus Hook ••••.•. 110 R. ranunculinus (Nutt.) Rydb. 114 R. repe~ L. • • • • • • • • 119 var. repens •••••••••••. 120 var. pleniflorus Fern •••• 121 R. sceleratus L. • • ••••• 126 R. testiculatus Crantz 130 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 136 · iv LIST OF FIGURES 1. R. acriformis A. Gray . 21 2. R. acris L. 24 3. R. adoneus A. Gray . 28 4. R. alismaefolius Geyer . 32 5. R. aquatilis L. var. capillaceus (Thuill.) DC . 39 6. R. aquatilis L. var. hispidulus E. Drew . 39 7. R. arvensis L. 42 8. R. cardiophyllus Hook. 46 9. R. circinatus Sibth. 52 10. R. cymbalaria Pursh . 57 11. R. eschscholtzii Schlect. var. eschscholtzii . 63 12. R. eschscholtzii Schlect. var. trisect us (Eastw.) L. Benson . 63 13. R. flabellaris Raf. 67 14. R. flammula L. 72 15. R. glaberrimus Hook. var. glaberrimus . 78 16. R. glaberrimus Hook. var. ellipticus Greene . 78 17. R. gmelirtii DC . 82 18. R. inamoenus Greene . 86 19. R. jovis A. Nels. 92 20. R. ·j uniperinus Jones . 96 V 21. R. longirostris Godr. 99 22. R. macounii Britt. 104 23. R. oreogenes Greene . 109 2, •. R. orthorhxnchus Hook. 113 25. R. ranunculinus (Nutt.) Rydb. 116 26. R. repens L. var. repens . 123 27. R. repens L. var. pleniflorus Fern. 123 28. R. sceleratus L. .. 129 29. R. testiculatus Crantz . .. 133 vi LIST OF MAPS 1. Distribution of R. acriformis, R. acris, R. adoneus, and R. alismaefolius • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 34 2. Distribution of R. aquatilis var. capillaceus, var. hispidulus, R. arvensis, and R. cardiophyllus 48 3. Distribution of R. circinatus and R. cymbalaria. 59 4. Distribution of R. eschscholtzii var. eschscboltzii, var. trisectus, R. flabellaris, and R. flammula. • • 74 5. Distribution of R. glaberrimus var. glaberrimus, var. ellipticus, R. gmelinii, and R. inamoenus 88 6. Distribution of R. jovis, !_. juniperinus, R. longirostris, and R. macounii. • • • • . • • • • 106 7. Distribution of R. oreogene~, R. orthorhynchus, and R. ranunculinus •••••.•• 118 8. Distribution of R. repen~ var. repens and var. pleniflorus. • • • • • • • 125 9. Distribution of R. sceleratus and R. testiculatus • 135 vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Appreciation and thanks are extended to the many people who have made possible the completion of this work. I would especially like to thank Dr. Stanley Welsh for his encouragement and advise through the past two years; my husband, Dr. James Palmieri, for his professional help as well as his moral support; Kaye Thorne for her friendship and help; and the many graduate students who accompani.ed and helped me with the field-work involved. Many of the professors in the botany department and the zoology department deserve credit also for the technical knowledge they imparted to me, both in and out of the classroom. viii INTRODUCTION Although the North American species of Ranunculus were recently monographed (Benson, 19~8), che interpretation of Utah material is not always certain. Maps and illustrations were not provided to clarify written descriptions. Further, characters such as the shape of the nectary scale or the ratio of the recep- tacle length in fruit and flower, while providing a rPore natural system of classification, are not wholly adequate for field identification. The genus Ranunculus as :i.t occurs in Utah is a heterogenous group. Seven of the nine sections and five of the nine subge-nera present in North America (Benson, 1. c.) are represented in the state. An c1-dequate picture of the phylogeny of the genus c::i.nnot be attempted as only 25 of the nearly 300 species worldwide occur in Utah. The purpose of the present work is to give a concise picture of the species that occur in Utah. A species key is presented along with pertinent synonomy and a description, illus- tratioo. and distribution map for each specific and intraspecific taxon. 1 2 Materials and Methods Plants used in this study included mounted herbarium specimens of the major university herbaria of Utah. Additional material was collected by the author in 1974 and 1975. The synonomy cited includes only basionyms, nomenclatural synonyms, and names based on type material from Utah or adjacent states. Additional synonyms are included if the names have been used in recent floras or if there has been some confusion concern- ing the proper name for the taxon. For more complete synonomy the reader is referred to Benson's treatise (1948) and supplement (1954). Measurements of morphological structures less than 1 cm long were made through a binocular dissecting microscope with an ocular micrometer placed in one eye-piece. Measurements of larger structures were made with a metric ruler. Measurements were recorded to the nearest half-unit, except for measurements of the achenes, achene beaks, and any structure less than 2 mm long. These were recorded to the nearest 0.1 mm. Measurements of the achenes include the length of the beak unless specifically stated otherwise. Leaf blade lengths are measured from the apex to the basal edge> not to the point of petiole attachment in cordate or saggitate leaves. Collection data includes the total number of specimens studied, followed in parentheses by the number of collections made by the author. Representative specimens are listed alphabetically by county. Collections made by the author are all cited under the 3 author's maiden name of Doherty. They are deposited in the Brigham Young University Herbarium. Standard abbreviations of herbaria from Index Herbariorum (Holmgren & Keukin, 1974) are listed after the representative collections and type specimens to indicate herbaria where the collections are located. Abbreviations used are listed below. BM British Museum (Natural History), London, Great Britain BRY Herbarium, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah CAS California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California DS Dudley Herbarium, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California G Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques, Geneve, Switzerland GCNP Herbarium of the Grand Canyon National Park, Grand Canyon, Arizona GR Gray Herbarium, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts K .The Herbarium and Library, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Great Britain LINN The Linnean Society of London, London, Great Britain MIN Herbarium of the University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota MO Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri NDG The Greene Herbarium, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 4 NY New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, New York City, New York P Museum National d'Histoire Naturell, Laboratoire de I Phanerogamie Paris, France PH Department of Botany, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania POM Herbarium of Pomona College, Claremont, California RM Rocky Mountain HerbariUJil, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming UA Herbarium of the University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona UC Herbarium of the University of California, Berkely, California US United States National Herbarium, United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. UT Garrett Herbarium, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah UTC Intermountain Herbarium, Utah State University, Logan, Utah WTU Herbarium, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington History The genus Ranunculus was established by Linnaeus in 1753 when 37 species including R. acris, the type species, were described, primarily from temperate and arctic areas, until today nearly 300 species have been described world wide. Three monographic studies (Gray, 1886; Davis, 1900; Benson, 1948)
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