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Rubiaceae Juss. Do Herbário Professor Aluízio Bittencourt, Maranhão, Brasil

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Rubiaceae Juss. Do Herbário Professor Aluízio Bittencourt, Maranhão, Brasil View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Universidade Federal do Amapá:Crossref Portal de Periódicos da UNIFAP Similarity Check Powered by iThenticate ARTIGO DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18561/2179-5746/biotaamazonia.v8n2p24-31 Rubiaceae Juss. do Herbário Professor Aluízio Bittencourt, Maranhão, Brasil Janilde de Melo Nascimento1* Deusinete Ribeiro Viana2 Alex Medeiros Silva3 Domingos Lucas dos Santos-Silva4 Regigláucia Rodrigues de Oliveira5 Gonçalo Mendes da Conceição6 1. Licenciada em Ciências Biológicas – CESC/UEMA e Mestre em Botânica Tropical – UFRA/MPEG. 2. Licenciada em Ciências Biológicas – CESC/UEMA. 3. Graduando em Ciências Biológicas (Licenciatura) – CESC/UEMA. 4. Doutorando em Ecologia da Conservação – PPGEC/UNEMAT. 5. Licenciada em Ciências Biológicas – UFPI e Mestre em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde – UEMA. 6. Professor Doutor da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão – Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias – CESC/UEMA. *Autor para correspondência: [email protected] O objetivo do trabalho foi elaborar uma lista das espécies, fazer a caracterização morfológica e a distribuição geográfica de Rubiaceae depositada na coleção botânica do Herbário Prof. Aluízio Bittencourt/HABIT, do Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias/CESC, da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão/UEMA. A realização do inventário das espécies de Rubiaceae acervadas no HABIT, ocorreu entre os meses de agosto/2017 a janeiro de 2018. Os espécimes de Rubiaceae totalizaram 40 RESUMO exsicatas, distribuídos em 12 gêneros e 23 espécies. Os gêneros mais representativos foram Borreria G. Mev e Palicourea Aubl., com quatro espécies cada, Chomelia Jacq., Cordiera A.Rich. ex DC., Coussarea Aubl., Tocoyena Aubl., com duas espécies, os demais gêneros foram representados por uma espécie. Confirma-se assim a importância dos taxa na coleção botânica, evidenciando-se a importância dos herbários na guarda de espécies da flora local, regional, assim como de vários ambientes. Palavras-chave: Coleção botânica, florística, lista de espécies. Rubiaceae Juss. of the Herbarium Professor Aluízio Bittencourt, Maranhão, Brazil The main objective of the work was to elaborate a list of the species, to make the morphological characterization and CT geographic distribution of the family Rubiaceae deposited in the botanical collection of the Herbarium Professor. Aluízio Bittencourt / HABIT, from the Center for Higher Studies of Caxias / CESC, State University of Maranhão (UEMA). The TRA inventory of species of Rubiaceae in this herbarium occurred between August 2017 and January 2018. The rubiaceae specimens totaled 40 exsicates, distributed in 12 genera and 23 species. The most representative genera were Borreria G. ABS Mev and Palicourea Aubl., with four species each, Chomelia Jacq, Cordiera A.Rich. ex DC, Coussarea Aubl., and Tocoyena Aubl., with two species and the other genera were represented by a species. This confirms the importance of the taxa of the botanical collection, highlighting the importance of the herbaria in the conservation of species of local, regional and environmental flora. Keywords: Botanical collection; floristic; species list. Introdução botânica (THIERS, 2018), organizadas de acordo com suas As coleções botânicas com enfoque em herbários, constituem- respectivas famıĺ ias, com o material revisado e informações se como acervos museológicos de grande importância para qual- atualizadas nas etiquetas (nome cientıf́ ico, nome do coletor, local e quer pesquisa relacionada aos aspectos da diversidade, estrutura, data da coleta) (CONCEIÇAO, 2015). classificação e distribuição de espécies vegetais (PIRANI, 2005), Uma das famıĺ ias, que se encontra no acervo da coleção do com a finalidade de fazer estudos sobre a flora ou micota de uma HABIT, é Rubiaceae, na qual seus representantes têm caracterıś - determinada região, paıś ou continente, nas áreas da morfologia, ticas facilmente reconhecıv́ eis em campo, pela presença de folhas taxonomia, biogeografia, história e outros campos do conheci- simples, opostas, com margem inteira, quase sempre com mento (NETO et al., 2013). estıṕ ulas interpeciolares; flores gamopétalas, estames isômeros Os dados armazenados nos herbários apresentam-se como fixados às pétalas e ovário ıń fero (CRONQUIST, 1988; BARROSO et elementos essenciais para o inventário da diversidade florıś tica, al., 1991; SOUZA; LORENZI, 2012). Nesta famıĺ ia podem ser com informações para estudos florıś ticos, ecológicos, quıḿ icos e reconhecidos hábitos variados, incluindo ervas, arbustos ou moleculares (SALGUEIRO; SAMPAIO, 2011), que proporciona árvores e, menos frequentemente vinhas ou lianas (FERREIRA dados e informações para subsidiar polıt́ icas públicas de preser- JUNIOR; VIEIRA, 2015). vação ambiental (NETO et al., 2013), além de permitir o aumento Alguns dos representantes de Rubiaceae têm grande poten- e melhoria da produção cientıf́ ica e a formação de recursos cial econômico com destaque Coffea arabica L. e C. canefora Pierre humanos (SALGUEIRO; SAMPAIO, 2011). ex A. Froehner (café). Outras são usadas na alimentação, como No Maranhão, estão ativos quatro herbários, Herbário do Genipa americana L. (jenipapo), e o Calycophyllum spruceanum Maranhão (MAR/UFMA - Universidade Federal do Maranhão), (Benth.) Hook. f. ex K. Schum. (pau-mulato), e outros de impor- Herbário Atico Seabra (UFMA), Herbário Rosa Mochel (SLUI/ tância ornamental, neste caso o jasmim-do-cabo, Gardenia UEMA - Universidade Estadual do Maranhão) e Herbário Prof. jasminoides J. Ellis, Ixora L. spp., e Mussaenda spp., dentre outras Aluıź io Bittencourt (HABIT/UEMA) (INDEX HERBARIORUM, (SOUZA; LORENZI, 2008; RIBEIRO et al., 1999). Para a medicina 2018). popular, fabricação de fitofármacos e fitoterápicos Uncaria O HABIT, localizado no Centro de Estudos Superiores de guianensis (Aubl.) J.F.Gmel. (OLIVEIRA, 2009). Caxias/CESC/UEMA, foi fundado em agosto de 1991, com o No mundo trata-se da quarta maior famıĺ ia em número de objetivo de armazenar informações sobre espécies da flora do espécies de Angiospermas, superada apenas por Orchidaceae, Maranhão, com espécimes provenientes de coletas realizadas em Asteraceae e Fabaceae (DELPRETE, 1999). Para o Brasil, confor- diferentes formações vegetais do Estado (CONCEIÇAO, 2015). me dados atuais, demonstram que a famıĺ ia apresenta 1.397 Atualmente o HABIT conta com 10.200 exsicatas em sua coleção espécies, distribuıd́ as em 126 gêneros (BARBOSA; ZAPPI, 2015). Biota Amazônia ISSN 2179-5746 Macapá, v. 8, n. 2, p. 24-31, 2018 Esta obra está licenciada sob uma Licença Disponível em http://periodicos.unifap.br/index.php/biota Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internacional Submetido em 05 de Fevereiro de 2018 / Aceito em 02 de Junho de 2018 No entanto, estima-se que esta riqueza especıf́ ica poderá ser CESC, da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão/UEMA. maior no paıś , visto que, ainda são poucos os trabalhos taxonô- 25 N M R u micos para Rubiaceae, com os mais completos aqueles elaborados A Material e Métodos a b S r C i a pela Flora Brasiliensis por Müller Argovensis (1881) e Schumann Foram analisadas entre os meses de agosto/2017 a janeiro de a I n c M h (1888; 1889). Os demais estudos foram restritos na flora local e e E a 2018, exsicatas acervadas no Herbário Prof. Aluıź io Bittencourt ã N e o , publicações de novos táxons (SMITH; DOWNS, 1956; SUCRE, T (HABIT), do Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias (CESC), da J B u O r s 1959; 1960/1961; 1971; PORTO et al., 1977; DILLENBURG; , a s Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), doadas dos J . s M d i PORTO, 1985; JUNG-MENDAÇOLLI, 1994; 1999; CABRAL, 1996; l o herbários de São Paulo, Mato Grosso, Mato Gross do Sul, Goiás e . e H CABRAL; BACIGALUPO, 2000). Para o Nordeste há referências t e Distrito Federal, bem como, espécimes coletados no Maranhão, a r l . como: Figueiredo et al. (1990), Zappi e Stannard (1995), Barbosa b depositadas no HABIT. á r et al. (1996), Souza (1997), Barbosa e Peixoto (2000), Zappi e i Após análise do material botânico, foram feitas anotações, o Nunes (2000) e Barbosa et al. (2006). P como: nome do coletor, local e data de coleta, determinador, r o Por meio desses estudos, algumas modificações taxonômicas f e ambiente de ocorrência, descrições e comentários dos gêneros e s em Rubiacae, já foram realizadas, desde sua descrição original. s o das espécies catalogadas. A confirmação das espécies e os dados r Para Gomes (1996), esta mudança deve-se à elevada diversidade A referentes à distribuição geográfica e domıń ios fitogeográficos l e variedade de riqueza e de caracteres morfológicos, para delimi- u í z foram citados de acordo com a Lista da Flora do Brasil 2020 i tação das categorias infra-familiares, subfamıĺ ias e tribos. o (BARBOSA; ZAPPI, 2015). B Rubiaceae tem como grupo das Asteridae, subgrupo das i t t e Euasteridae I, ordem Gentianales. A famıĺ ia foi transferida para o n c clado Lamiids, baseado em folhas opostas, coléteres, flor com Resultados e Discussão o u Foram analisadas 40 exsicatas, pertencentes a 12 gêneros e r botão convoluto e a presença de compostos secundários como t iridoides e alcaloides (APG III, 2009). 23 espécies de Rubiaceae (Tabela 1). Os gêneros mais representa- , O objetivo do trabalho foi elaborar uma lista das espécies, tivos em espécies foram: Borreria e Palicourea com quatro espé- fazer a caracterização morfológica e a distribuição geográfica da cies cada, e Chomelia, Cordiera, Coussarea, Tocoyena apresentaram famıĺ ia Rubiaceae depositadas no Herbário Professor Aluıź io duas espécies cada
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