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Zora Cross 1890-1964 Zora Cross 1890-1964 Zora Cross, 1919, photographer unknown State Library of NSW, PXA 690 / 3 ‘I only know you, brother of my blood, Have gone; and many a friend, Trampled and broken in the Flanders mud, Found Youth’s most bitter end. God! You are not yet one with the kind dust Before new war-horns blow And sleek-limbed statesmen in their halls break trust To tell of other woe. These profound words were written by Zora Cross, resident of Glenbrook in 1921. They are contained in her poem ‘Elegy On An Australian Schoolboy’ Verse 6. https://allpoetry.com/Elegy-On- An-Australian-Schoolboy. The March meeting of the Glenbrook & District Historical Society brought the pleasant surprise of a donation for the Museum from Tim Miers. It was an early edition of the trailblazing poetry book Songs of Love and Life (1917) by Zora Cross who resided in Glenbrook from 1919 until her death in 1964. Joan Peard introduced the book to the meeting and explained that it had been owned by Tim’s mother who had received it as a gift from her friend Zora! The ownership of this book by the historical society is a significant addition to the resources of the museum. A short commentary on this book is provided at the end of this article. This small pamphlet hopes to provide some background and understanding of Glenbrook’s famous resident Zora Cross. Patricia Murnane 1.4.19 Who was Zora Bernice May Cross? Born: 18th October 1890 at Eagle Farm, Queensland. Parents Ernest William Cross (auctioneer originally from Sydney) and Mary Louisa Eliza Ann, nee Skyring, whose family was pioneer farming family in Queensland. It is claimed that Zora’s great grandfather, Dan Skyring, introduced the pineapple to agriculture in Queensland. Sydney Morning Herald Thursday 9 October 1952, page 7, nla.news-article18285225.3 Early Life: The family’s fortunes failed during the 1890’s Depression and 1893 bank crash. Life was renewed by moving to the Skyring family’s dairy farm near Gympie, in Central Queensland. Zora was encouraged by her parents to write and her talent was fostered. Starting around the age of twelve, Zora was able to have many letters and stories published in the ‘Children’s Corner’ of Town & Country Journal’. She wrote about her life as a child, the farm and the bush environment; related settler stories about their relationships with the local Aboriginal communities; and recorded her experiences during the Federation celebrations and also the fate of soldiers returning from the Boer War. By a remarkable fate, it was Ethel Turner, of Seven Little Australians fame (http://adb.anu.edu.au/ biography/turner-ethel- mary-8885), who was the editor of the journal and who recognized Zora’s talent. In later life, both women became friends. A recent excellent study of Zora’s life and work by Cathy Perkins, estimates that Zora had achieved over 30000 words of published work as a child. Perkins states: ‘I could find no other child who contributed as many words to the newspaper during this period or who shared as much detail about their life’. (Cathy Perkins 2016, Zora Cross MA thesis, pps 18 & 26) https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/bitstream /2123/15882/1/perkins_c_thesis.pdf Education and Career: Over her life, Zora was a schoolteacher, actor (stage), columnist, journalist, novelist, poet, children's author, speech teacher, theatre critic and more http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/cross-zora-bernice-may- 5828 Zora’s secondary education was at Ipswich Girls' Grammar School. Zora then moved to Sydney to live with an aunt, initially working at Burwood Superior Public School and Sydney Girls' High School. She achieve professional teaching status after studies at Sydney Teachers' College from 1909 to 1910 and taught for three years during which she married an actor, Stuart Smith and experienced the tragic event of her baby daughter’s death. She left Smith and continued to write journalism and poetry, while working as an actress and vaudeville performer. Among other publications and over the decades, Zora wrote poems, articles and serials in the Bulletin, The Australian Women’s Mirror, The Sydney Morning Herald, the Mercury (Hobart), Sydney Mail, The Sun (Sydney), and the Brisbane Courier. Dorothy Green describes Zora as having ‘immense courage and enterprise’ in the manner in which she found ways to support herself (http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/cross-zora-bernice-may-5828) In the 1920’s Zora was enagaged at her alma mater Sydney Teachers’ College to lecture about Australian Literature. She produced once of the earliest books about literature of Australia, An Introduction to Australian Literature (Sydney: Teachers’ College Press, 1922). Zora wrote a number of novels over her life but none achieved the literary success of Songs of Love and Life (1917). She also wrote a number of poetry books including A Song of Mother Love (1916), The Lilt of Life (1918) and The City of Riddle-Me-Ree (1918). Zora made many, many contributions of poetry, short stories and serials to newspapers and magazines. Perkins describes Zora as a ‘working machine (Cathy Perkins 2016, Zora Cross MA thesis, p. 85) https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/bitstream /2123/15882/1/perkins_c_thesis.pdf In later life Zora worked on a Roman theme with The Victor being published in the Sydney Morning Herald in 1934. Zora’s ambition was to write a trilogy and she continued to work on the project until her death. Family: After an earlier relationship and then a marriage to Stuart Smith in 1911, Zora partnered with writer, poet, and former NZ Congregationalist preacher David McKee Wright (born 6 August 1869) and twenty-one years her senior. Zora had met David during his time as literary editor of the Bulletin magazine. Unfortunately, David died of a heart attack on 5 February 1928 aged 58 years. Michael Sharkey has commented that Wright was ‘A gifted speaker … and was remembered for his truthfulness and outstanding generosity to fellow writers’. http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/wright-david-mckee-9200 Photo credit: https://www.poemhunter.com/david-mckee-wright/ https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/2w33/wright-david-mckee For further information on Wright please refer to the above links as a starting point. Over her life, Zora had 3 children, Ted, Davidina and April, and another who died at birth. Zora became a widow when she was 37 years old. Dorothy Green has commented elsewhere that ‘Wright's sudden death in 1928 left Zora in great financial difficulties. Her struggle to support her three children, mainly by freelance journalism, makes a painful story, though she remained cheerful, free of self-pity and simply got on with her work. Her younger daughter remembers her as 'a delightful and amusing parent, who never for one moment lost sight of her priority as a writer and a poetess'. http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/cross-zora- bernice-may-5828 To assist in supplementing income, Zora received a Commonwealth Literary Fund pension of £2 a fortnight from 1930. Despite this financial support ‘the family were often short of the bare necessities.’ http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/cross-zora-bernice-may-5828 (As a comparison, the adult male basic wage in 1930 was set at approximately £2 a week https://guides.slv.vic.gov.au/whatitcost/basicwage) These few facts underscore Zora’s tenacity to live her life in spite of deep pain and challenges. What is Zora’s historical importance? In many ways Zora was a woman before her time. Zora was a strong and talented woman who believed in her rights to self-determination. One can recognise in Zora some elements of the feminist movement of the 1960s and its development towards the contemporary feminist expression of the ‘Me Too’ Movement. Thus, she has been given the title of ‘proto-feminist’ by the Old Queensland Poetry website http://www.oldqldpoetry.com/index.php/zora-cross. Zora contributed to the world through her literary and journalistic skills for children and adults. She also contributed to the fledgling notion of rights of women and to many other social issues. Over five years from the late 1920s Zora recognised the contributions of thirty-eight women poets, novelists and short story writers. to Australian literature by writing a feature article on each person. They were published monthly in the Australian Woman’s Mirror under the pseudonym Bernice May, these being her middle names. (Cathy Perkins, Zora Cross, MA thesis, 2016. page 80, see also 97) https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/bitstream /2123/15882/1/perkins_c_thesis.pdf. These contributions are still recognised as important accounts of those women writers. Zora’s childhood and later accounts of her family’s relationships with local tribal Aboriginal people are still valued. Zora’s book Daughters of the Seven Mile (1924) showed ‘a then unusual interest in Queensland settings and some awareness of developing social and economic stresses in Australia’ (D. Green http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/cross-zora-bernice-may-5828 ). Writing was at the core of her being. As such, she became part of the bohemian culture of the arts community and counted prominent literary figures Ethel Turner, Mary Gilmore and Eleanor Dark as friends. Her work appeared beside that of Henry Lawson, Mary Gilmore, Vance Palmer. Christopher Brennan admired her ability to write sonnets. Zora knew the famous Lindsay’s including Norman Lindsay who did not think that, as a woman, she could be capable of writing about adult relationships. She proved him wrong. Vickery and Dever in their introduction to Australian Women Writers 1900-1950 Exhibition at Monash University 2007 explain that ‘Many women writers attempted to sidestep the presumptions of gender through the use of pseudonyms.
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