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United States Patent [191 [11] Patent Number: 4,557,841 Arndt [45] Date of Patent: Dec

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United States Patent [191 [11] Patent Number: 4,557,841 Arndt [45] Date of Patent: Dec United States Patent [191 [11] Patent Number: 4,557,841 Arndt [45] Date of Patent: Dec. 10, 1985 [54] LUBRICANT ADDITIVE CONCENTRATE 3,849,323 11/1974 Hollinslliead .................... .. 252/56 R 4,067,817 1/1978 St d 252/56R [75] Inventorr George Arndt, Newbury Park, Calif- 4,075,393 2/1978 5133:3111 252/495 [73] Ass‘gnee'- _ Wynn o‘lcmpany’Funerton’- Cahf'- 4,130,4954,108,785 12/19788/1978 WisneakSturwold eta'l. ....... ... 252/56252/48.6 R [21] Appl. No: 671,116 4,329,298 5/1982 Brown ................................ .. 106/270 [22] Filedi NOV- 13, 1934 Primary Examiner-Jacqueline V. Howard [51] Int. 01.4 ............................................. .. C10M 1/48 Attorney’ Agent, 0’ Firm—william W- Hae?iger [52] us. c1. ............................ .. 2s2/32.7 E; 252/334; 57 AB T Cr 252/45; 252/56 R [ 1 S RA [58] Field of Search ................. .. 252/32.7 E, 45, 33.4, A crankcase motor Oil additive Concentrate comprising 252/56 R a detergent-inhibitor package, supplemental antiwear _ ' additives, a corrosion inhibitor, and jojoba oil in a pe [56] References Cited troleum base Stock‘ U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 3,640,860 2/1972 Miller .............................. .. 252/56 R 8 Claims, N0 Drawings 4,557,841 1 2 (5) a corrosion-inhibitor selected from the class of LUBRICANT ADDITIVE CONCENTRATE overbased sulfonates, the sodium salts being preferred; and BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION (6) a lubricity additive, the oil extracted from the seed This invention relates to lubricants used in automo of Simmondsia chinensis, known familarly as jojoba oil. bile engines and similar equipment. More particularly, it The closest prior art of which lam aware is Hollins relates to a novel additive concentrate designed to be head, US Pat. No. 3,849,323, which discloses mixtures added to an ordinary crankcase motor oil to improve its of petroleum lubricants, waxes, and polyoxyethylene ability to lubricate and protect the engine. emulsi?ers. Jojoba oil is one of several waxes indicated As the internal combustion engines used in automo 10 as useful. This reference does not anticipate nor make biles have increased in sophistication and power, the obvious the compositions of my invention. demands made on the crankcase motor oil used in these DETAILED DESCRIPTION engines have increased proportionately. Modern gaso line engine oils must meet American Petroleum Institute The following table sets out the acceptable and the (API) service rating “SF”, a designation which requires preferred ranges for the individual components com the oil to pass a stringent sequence of engine tests to prising the additive concentrate of my invention: measure its ability to lubricate the engine and reduce corrosion, varnish, and sludge deposits, An “SF” oil USEFUL PREFERRED will contain a highly re?ned petroleum or synthetic RANGE RANGE lubricant‘ base oil which is forti?ed by antiwear and COMPONENT (WT. %) (WT. %) lubricity additives, detergents and dispersants, rust and (l) Petroleum base stock 25-90 50-75 corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants, antifoam, seal condi (2) Detergent-inhibitor package 740 20-30 tioners, pour point depressants and the like. Whereas (3) Supplemental antiwear additive l-lO l-5 (4) Supplemental antiwear additive l-10 l—5 new oil will contain sufficient additives to meet engine (5) Corrosion inhibitor 0.5-5 l-3 requirements, many of these additives such as the an (6) Jojoba oil 0.1-10 0.2-8 tiwear agents, detergent/dispersants and corrosion in hibitors, are gradually depleted when the oil is in-ser The petroleum base stock may be any oil of lubricat vice. The problem is accentuated by the longer oil ing viscosity derived from crude oil by the conventional change intervals that are now common. At one time, re?ning processes, as is well known in the art. Such base motor oils were routinely changed after two or three stocks are usually designated by their viscosity-for thousand miles of driving. Today, a drain interval of example a suitable base stock for my invention is a 450 7500 miles is a common recommendation of automobile Neutral oil from Union Oil Corporation, where the manufacturers, and many drivers tend to put off oil number refers to the viscosity in Saybolt second and changes even further, with the result that the oil may “neutral” indicates re?ning by distillation. become seriously depleted of necessary additives, and Detergent inhibitor packages are conventionally used its ability to protect the engine may be seriously com in the manufacture of crankcase motor oils and contain promised. the antiwear additives, corrosion inhibitors, detergents A partial solution to this problem is the use of oil and dispersants needed to make a crankcase oil of the additive concentrates, which supplement and enhance 40 desired quality—in this case API Service Rating SF. the effectiveness of the additive system already present Antiwear additives (component 3 above) of the zinc in the used oil. Such oil additive concentrates, added to dialkyl dithiophosphate class are used in all modern the crankcase at a treatment level of about 5 to 15% of crankcase motor oils and are familiar to those skilled in the regular oil, may replace depleted additives in the the art. Antiwear additives (component 4 above) of the original oil and/or introduce new ones. Just as it has 45 sulfurized ole?n class are likewise well known. been constantly necessary to upgrade crankcase motor Corrosion inhibiting overbased sulfonates are colloi oil formulations to satisfy the increasing demands of dal submicronic dispersions of alkaline and alkaline modern engines, there is a constant need for improved earth salts, usually carbonates, in an oil solution of an oil additive concentrates to supplement the ability of alkaline or alkaline earth alkylbenzene sulfonate salt, these oils to protect engines in view of the rigorous derived from an alkylbenzene of natural or synthetic demands made on them by modern motorists. It is an origin having a molecular weight generally in the 250 to object of may invention to provide a novel and im 600 range. They are well known in the art. proved oil additive concentrate to satisfy this need. Jojoba oil is a natural mixture of straight chain unsat SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION urated monocarboxylic acid esters comprising primarily 55 C13 to C24 monounsaturated alcohols esteri?ed with The oil additive concentrate of my invention com C13 to C24 monounsaturated acids. The double bond is prises the following: located predominantly in the C9 position in both the (1) a petroleum base stock of quality and viscosity alcohol and acid portions of the esters. Jojoba oil is suitable for the blending of crankcase motor oils; conventionally cold-pressed from the seed of Sim (2) a detergent-inhibitor package capable of forming a mondsia chinensis, a desert shrub native to California, ?nished crankcase motor oil of API SF quality when Arizona, and Mexico. It has the following representa added at the appropriate level to a suitable base stock tive physical properties: such as (1); Speci?c Gravity, 25°/25° C.: 0.863. (3) a supplemental antiwear additive selected from Refractive Index (25° C.): 1.4650. the salts of dialkyl dithiophosphoric acid, the zinc salt Iodine Value: 82. being preferred; Melting Point, °C.: 10. (4) a supplemental antiwear additive selected from Kinematic Viscosity (centistokes): 210° F.: 6.48; 100° the class of sulfurized ole?ns; F. 26.83. 4,557,841 3 4 Viscosity Index: 225. -continued Flash Point, °C.: 295. Example 1, 10% Example 2, 10% Average Molecular Weight: 606. in 150 Neutral (outside in 150 Neutral (within The following examples 1 and 2 illustrate blends out scope of my invention) scope of my invention) 5 side of and within the scope of my invention: Wear Scar Area 0.0728 0.0657 (Square inches) Example 1 Example 2 (Wt. %) (Wt. %) Notes Note that the oil blend containing 10% of Example 2 Petroleum base stock 67.1 66.1 ( 1) which included the jojoba oil, and is a preferred em Detergent-inhibitor package 25.0 25.0 (2) bodiment of my invention, ran consistently cooler and Supplemantal antiwear additive 4.1 4.1 (3) left a signi?cantly smaller wear scar on the bearing than Supplemental antiwear additive 2.5 2.5 (4) Corrosion inhibitor 1.3 1.3 (5) the 10% solution of Example 1, which contained no Jojoba oil None 1.0 jojoba oil and is outside the scope of my invention. This NOTES: 15 is especially remarkable in light of the fact that the (1) A 450 Neutral oil from Union Oil Corp. additive concentrate of Example 2 contains only 1.0% (2) An API SF additive package containing 1.3% zinc, 1.2% magnesium, 0.8% nitrogen, 1.2% phosphorus, 8.7% sulfated ash. jojoba oil and that the 10% solution actually tested (3) Zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate containing 8.4% zine, 7.6% phosphorus, 16% contained only 0.1% jojoba oil. The signi?cant im sulfur. (4) Sulfurized ole?n containing 43% sulfur. provement in lubrication achieved by the inclusion of (5) Overbase sodium sulfonate, TBN 440. 20 such a minor amount of jojoba oil would certainly not have been obvious to an ordinary skilled worker. The The composition of example 1 contains all the compo blend may preferably consist essentially of between 5 nents of my additive concentrate with the exception of and 15 weight percent additive concentrate as de?ned the jojoba oil, and is therefore considered to be outside above blended with between 95 and 85 weight percent the scope of my invention. Example 2, containing the 25 new fully formulated motor oils; or may consist essen identical components plus the jojoba oil, is considered tially of between 5 and 15 weight percent additive con to be a preferred embodiment of my invention.
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