United States Patent [191 [11] Patent Number: 4,557,841 Arndt [45] Date of Patent: Dec. 10, 1985

[54] LUBRICANT ADDITIVE CONCENTRATE 3,849,323 11/1974 Hollinslliead ...... 252/56 R 4,067,817 1/1978 St d 252/56R [75] Inventorr George Arndt, Newbury Park, Calif- 4,075,393 2/1978 5133:3111 252/495 [73] Ass‘gnee'- _ Wynn o‘lcmpany’Funerton’- Cahf'- 4,108,7854,130,495 12/19788/1978 WisneakSturwold eta'l...... 252/56252/48.6 R [21] Appl. No: 671,116 4,329,298 5/1982 Brown ...... 106/270 [22] Filedi NOV- 13, 1934 Primary Examiner-Jacqueline V. Howard [51] Int. 01.4 ...... C10M 1/48 Attorney’ Agent, 0’ Firm—william W- Hae?iger [52] us. c1...... 2s2/32.7 E; 252/334; 57 AB T Cr 252/45; 252/56 R [ 1 S RA [58] Field of Search ...... 252/32.7 E, 45, 33.4, A crankcase motor Oil additive Concentrate comprising 252/56 R a detergent-inhibitor package, supplemental antiwear _ ' additives, a corrosion inhibitor, and jojoba oil in a pe [56] References Cited troleum base Stock‘ U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 3,640,860 2/1972 Miller ...... 252/56 R 8 Claims, N0 Drawings 4,557,841 1 2 (5) a corrosion-inhibitor selected from the class of LUBRICANT ADDITIVE CONCENTRATE overbased sulfonates, the sodium salts being preferred; and BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION (6) a lubricity additive, the oil extracted from the seed This invention relates to lubricants used in automo of Simmondsia chinensis, known familarly as jojoba oil. bile engines and similar equipment. More particularly, it The closest prior art of which lam aware is Hollins relates to a novel additive concentrate designed to be head, US Pat. No. 3,849,323, which discloses mixtures added to an ordinary crankcase motor oil to improve its of petroleum lubricants, waxes, and polyoxyethylene ability to lubricate and protect the engine. emulsi?ers. Jojoba oil is one of several waxes indicated As the internal combustion engines used in automo 10 as useful. This reference does not anticipate nor make biles have increased in sophistication and power, the obvious the compositions of my invention. demands made on the crankcase motor oil used in these DETAILED DESCRIPTION engines have increased proportionately. Modern gaso line engine oils must meet American Petroleum Institute The following table sets out the acceptable and the (API) service rating “SF”, a designation which requires preferred ranges for the individual components com the oil to pass a stringent sequence of engine tests to prising the additive concentrate of my invention: measure its ability to lubricate the engine and reduce corrosion, varnish, and sludge deposits, An “SF” oil USEFUL PREFERRED will contain a highly re?ned petroleum or synthetic RANGE RANGE lubricant‘ base oil which is forti?ed by antiwear and COMPONENT (WT. %) (WT. %) lubricity additives, detergents and dispersants, rust and (l) Petroleum base stock 25-90 50-75 corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants, antifoam, seal condi (2) Detergent-inhibitor package 740 20-30 tioners, pour point depressants and the like. Whereas (3) Supplemental antiwear additive l-lO l-5 (4) Supplemental antiwear additive l-10 l—5 new oil will contain sufficient additives to meet engine (5) Corrosion inhibitor 0.5-5 l-3 requirements, many of these additives such as the an (6) Jojoba oil 0.1-10 0.2-8 tiwear agents, detergent/dispersants and corrosion in hibitors, are gradually depleted when the oil is in-ser The petroleum base stock may be any oil of lubricat vice. The problem is accentuated by the longer oil ing viscosity derived from crude oil by the conventional change intervals that are now common. At one time, re?ning processes, as is well known in the art. Such base motor oils were routinely changed after two or three stocks are usually designated by their viscosity-for thousand miles of driving. Today, a drain interval of example a suitable base stock for my invention is a 450 7500 miles is a common recommendation of automobile Neutral oil from Union Oil Corporation, where the manufacturers, and many drivers tend to put off oil number refers to the viscosity in Saybolt second and changes even further, with the result that the oil may “neutral” indicates re?ning by distillation. become seriously depleted of necessary additives, and Detergent inhibitor packages are conventionally used its ability to protect the engine may be seriously com in the manufacture of crankcase motor oils and contain promised. the antiwear additives, corrosion inhibitors, detergents A partial solution to this problem is the use of oil and dispersants needed to make a crankcase oil of the additive concentrates, which supplement and enhance 40 desired quality—in this case API Service Rating SF. the effectiveness of the additive system already present Antiwear additives (component 3 above) of the zinc in the used oil. Such oil additive concentrates, added to dialkyl dithiophosphate class are used in all modern the crankcase at a treatment level of about 5 to 15% of crankcase motor oils and are familiar to those skilled in the regular oil, may replace depleted additives in the the art. Antiwear additives (component 4 above) of the original oil and/or introduce new ones. Just as it has 45 sulfurized ole?n class are likewise well known. been constantly necessary to upgrade crankcase motor Corrosion inhibiting overbased sulfonates are colloi oil formulations to satisfy the increasing demands of dal submicronic dispersions of alkaline and alkaline modern engines, there is a constant need for improved earth salts, usually carbonates, in an oil solution of an oil additive concentrates to supplement the ability of alkaline or alkaline earth alkylbenzene sulfonate salt, these oils to protect engines in view of the rigorous derived from an alkylbenzene of natural or synthetic demands made on them by modern motorists. It is an origin having a molecular weight generally in the 250 to object of may invention to provide a novel and im 600 range. They are well known in the art. proved oil additive concentrate to satisfy this need. Jojoba oil is a natural mixture of straight chain unsat SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION urated monocarboxylic acid esters comprising primarily 55 C13 to C24 monounsaturated alcohols esteri?ed with The oil additive concentrate of my invention com C13 to C24 monounsaturated acids. The double bond is prises the following: located predominantly in the C9 position in both the (1) a petroleum base stock of quality and viscosity alcohol and acid portions of the esters. Jojoba oil is suitable for the blending of crankcase motor oils; conventionally cold-pressed from the seed of Sim (2) a detergent-inhibitor package capable of forming a mondsia chinensis, a desert shrub native to California, ?nished crankcase motor oil of API SF quality when Arizona, and Mexico. It has the following representa added at the appropriate level to a suitable base stock tive physical properties: such as (1); Speci?c Gravity, 25°/25° C.: 0.863. (3) a supplemental antiwear additive selected from Refractive Index (25° C.): 1.4650. the salts of dialkyl dithiophosphoric acid, the zinc salt Iodine Value: 82. being preferred; Melting Point, °C.: 10. (4) a supplemental antiwear additive selected from Kinematic Viscosity (centistokes): 210° F.: 6.48; 100° the class of sulfurized ole?ns; F. 26.83. 4,557,841 3 4 Viscosity Index: 225. -continued Flash Point, °C.: 295. Example 1, 10% Example 2, 10% Average Molecular Weight: 606. in 150 Neutral (outside in 150 Neutral (within The following examples 1 and 2 illustrate blends out scope of my invention) scope of my invention) 5 side of and within the scope of my invention: Wear Scar Area 0.0728 0.0657 (Square inches) Example 1 Example 2 (Wt. %) (Wt. %) Notes Note that the oil blend containing 10% of Example 2 Petroleum base stock 67.1 66.1 ( 1) which included the jojoba oil, and is a preferred em Detergent-inhibitor package 25.0 25.0 (2) bodiment of my invention, ran consistently cooler and Supplemantal antiwear additive 4.1 4.1 (3) left a signi?cantly smaller wear scar on the bearing than Supplemental antiwear additive 2.5 2.5 (4) Corrosion inhibitor 1.3 1.3 (5) the 10% solution of Example 1, which contained no Jojoba oil None 1.0 jojoba oil and is outside the scope of my invention. This NOTES: 15 is especially remarkable in light of the fact that the (1) A 450 Neutral oil from Union Oil Corp. additive concentrate of Example 2 contains only 1.0% (2) An API SF additive package containing 1.3% zinc, 1.2% magnesium, 0.8% nitrogen, 1.2% phosphorus, 8.7% sulfated ash. jojoba oil and that the 10% solution actually tested (3) Zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate containing 8.4% zine, 7.6% phosphorus, 16% contained only 0.1% jojoba oil. The signi?cant im sulfur. (4) Sulfurized ole?n containing 43% sulfur. provement in lubrication achieved by the inclusion of (5) Overbase sodium sulfonate, TBN 440. 20 such a minor amount of jojoba oil would certainly not have been obvious to an ordinary skilled worker. The The composition of example 1 contains all the compo blend may preferably consist essentially of between 5 nents of my additive concentrate with the exception of and 15 weight percent additive concentrate as de?ned the jojoba oil, and is therefore considered to be outside above blended with between 95 and 85 weight percent the scope of my invention. Example 2, containing the 25 new fully formulated motor oils; or may consist essen identical components plus the jojoba oil, is considered tially of between 5 and 15 weight percent additive con to be a preferred embodiment of my invention. centrate as de?ned above blended with between 95 and The compositions of Examples 1 and 2 were com 85 weight percent used crankcase motor oil. pared for their lubricating ability on a friction test ma The following tests were carried out to establish the chine develped by Wynn Oil Company. In the Wynn usefulness of the additive concentrates of my invention friction tester, a steel race consisting of a Timken test in improving the lubricating properties of a used crank cup rotates at 760 rpm against a tapered Timken steel case motor oil. A sample of a used API SF quality roller bearing held in a container of the lubricant to be crankcase oil (viscosity grade SAE-lOW/40) was evalu evaluated. Approximately 20 mls of lubricant are used. ated on the Wynn’s friction test machine and compared The bearing holder is connected to a lever arm arrange 35 to a sample of the same ‘used oil, to which had been ment culminating in a pan to which weights can be added 10% of the composition of Example 2. In these added to increase the contact force between the bearing runs, the number of weights on the pan was increased and the race. A thermocouple is used to measure the until welding occurred. Four trials were made on the increase in temperature in the lubricant as the test pro ceeds. The Wynn friction tester is conventionally run in 40 used oil, and on the used oil containing the compositions two different ways. In the ?rst, a constant weight is of Example 2, and the number of weights that each applied for an extended period, usually an hour, and the lubricant would support before failure (welding) was temperature increase and the size of the wear scar on calculated. In addition the average lengths of the scars the bearing are determined. A smaller wear scar and a were determined. The results were as follows: lower lubricant temperature at the conclusion of the test 45 indicate a higher level of lubricant protection and re Used Oil Plus 10% by duced friction between moving parts. In the second test weight of composition procedure, the load on the bearing and race is increased Used Oil Alone of Example 2 at a regulated rate by the addition of weights to the pan. No. of weights carried 5 9 Failure occurs when the rotation of the race is halted by 50 Scar length (in.) 0.189 0.162 welding between the bearing and race. The compositions of Examples 1 and 2 were dis The addition of the additive concentrate of my inven solved at a 10% level in a 150 Neutral petroleum base tion to the used oil increased the number of weights it stock from the Union Oil Corporation. Both solutions was capable of carrying from 5 to 9, indicating a dra were run for one hour on the Wynn friction tester. A matic increase in lubricant protection. Moreover, the load of two one-pound weights was applied to the pan, addition of Example 2 composition resulted in reduced an oil temperatures and the wear scars on the bearings wear on the bearing, as evidenced by the shorter wear were measured. The following results were obtained. scar. This test illustrates the ability of the additive con 60 centrate of my invention to substantially or signi?cantly Example 1, 10% Example 2, 10% enhance the lubricant protection of a conventional used in 150 Neutral (outside in 150 Neutral (within crankcase oil. scope of my invention) scope of my invention) I claim: 1. A crankcase motor oil additive concentrate in Initial 75 75 65 tended to be added to a conventional crankcase motor 23 min. 182 179 oil to improve its ability to lubricate and protect the 30 min. 185 181 45 min. 190 188 engine, said additive concentrate comprising the fol 60 min. 191 190 lowing components: 4,557,841 5 6 (a) a petroleum base stock of lubricating quality and 3. The concentrate of claim 2 wherein component (c) viscosity said base stock comprising from about 25 consists of zinc salts of dialkyl dithiophosphoric acid to 90 weight percent of the additive concentrate; which are present at a level of 1 to 5 weight percent of (b) a detergent-inhibitor package, said package being the concentrate. present at from about 7.to about 40 weight percent 4. The concentrate of claim 3 wherein component (d) of the concentrate; sulfurized ole?n is present at a level of 1 to 5 weight (c) a supplemental antiwear additive selected from percent of the concentrate. the salts of dialkyl dithiophosphoric acids, said 5. The concentrate of claim 4 wherein the component additive being present at a level of from about 1 to (e) overbased sulfonate is present in the form of a so about 5 weight percent of the concentrate; dium salt and at a level of l to 3 weight percent of the (d) a supplemental antiwear additive selected from concentrate. the class of sulfurized olefins, said additive being 6. The concentrate of claim 5 wherein the component present at a level of from about 1 to about 5 weight (i) jojoba oil is present at a level of 0.2 to 8 weight percent of the concentrate; percent. (e) a corrosion inhibitor selected from the class of 15 7. An oil blend consisting essentially of between 5 and overbased sulfonates, said inhibitor being present at 15 weight percent additive concentrate as de?ned in about 1 to about 5 weight percent of the concen claim 1 blend with between 95 and 85 weight percent trate; and used or newly formulated crankcase motor oil. (f) jojoba oil present in an amount of from about 0.1 8. A method of improving the ability of a conven to about 10 weight percent of the concentrate tional crankcase motor oil to lubricate and protect the 2. The motor oil additive concentrate of claim 1 engine which includes the step of adding to said motor wherein the component (b) detergent-inhibitor package oil from about 5 to about 15% by weight of the additive is present at a level of 20 to 30 weight percent of the concentrate of claim 1. concentrate. =8 * * * * 25

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