PAN AFRICAN VISIONS MARKETING AFRICAN SUCCESS STORIES & MORE MAG 0119 Vol 2, January 2019 www.panafricanvisions.com AFRICA VOTES Key Races, Issues, Stakes, Candidates: Focus on the 2019 Election Cycle in Africa

D.R.Congo : Felix Tshisekedi Proclaimed Mozambique South Africa Winner in High Stakes Election page 14

Malawi African Economic Outlook 2019: Africa Senegal growth prospects remain steady, Botswana industry should lead growth page 45

Nigeria Namibia African Passport A Priority for 32nd African Union Summit-Commission Chair Botswana Moussa Faki page 27

Mohamed Salah Wins CAF Player Of The Year Again page 49 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

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2 PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 Contonts PAN AFRICAN VISIONs CONTENTS Rethinking power dynamics in Africa and the many joys of Post mission, Moussa Faki Mahamat______27 Presidential Life______2 Kenya:Booming informal sector yet forgotten by the govern- Senegal: Testing for Democracy in Nigeria and Senegal in 2019_ 3 ment______29

Nigeria 2019: Hoping for another reprieve?______4 The year of return: African Enslaved descents return for celebra- tion______32 Nigeria 2019: The Most Important Election Since Return Of Civil- ian Governance in 1999-Veteran Journalist Chido Onumah____ 6 Small scale farmers in Zimbabwe to benefit from carbon balanced smart agriculture training______33 Big Year Ahead For South Africa As It Gears Up For the 2019 Gen- eral Elections ______10 Five African Women Who Should Have Been on 2018's Forbes Power Women List ______35 SWAPO: Namibia's Ruling Party Seeks to Maintain Its Dominance as It Gears Up for the 2019 General Elections ______12 LIONHEART: THE STORY OF CULTURE______37

Opposition Candidate Wins the Democratic Republic of the Con- Sierra Leone: Unbending Leadership pushing Anti -Corruption go's Presidential Election______14 Commission To Step Up Its Game______39

Macky Sall Seeks Re-election As Senegal Goes To the Polls in Late Zimbabwe’s Traditional Rulers Stepping Up Plans to Advise Mnan- February ______17 gagwa on role of African Customs & National Rituals To Resolve Crisis______40 Botswana 2019: Will the BDP Keep Winning? ______19 Scapegoating In Zimbabwe's Dramatic Economic Tailspin_____ 42 Corruption, intolerance and terrorism: the cancers that could top- ple Nyusi and Frelimo in the October elections______21 African Economic Outlook 2019: Africa growth prospects remain steady, industry should lead growth______45 2019 Presidential Election: Time for Malawi to Reinvent Its De- mocracy ______22 THE TRANSMISSION ROADMAP ______46

Cameroon Twin Elections: Can Opposition Parties gain more Egypt Replaces Cameroon as 2019 AFCON Host______48 seats?______25 Mohamed Salah wins CAF player of the year______49 Rwanda registers over $2 billion worth of investments in 2018_ 26 Stock Taking and 2019 Projections at 1st Million Dollars Holiday New Year's Message of the Chairperson of the African Union Com- Party______51

Managing Editor Alexandre Nhampossa, Ajong Mbapndah L Ishmael Sallieu Graphics Designer Pan African Visions Koroma, Atemnkeng Jerry M, Contributors Teslim Olawore (Young Jerry) 7614 Green Willow Court, Hyattsville, MD Wallace Mawire Nevson Mpofu EC designs, Abudhabi - UAE 20785 Deng Machol Boris Esono Nwenfor +971 525 925 303 Tel: 2404292177, Papisdaff Abdullah Intern Sandra Ngang [email protected] Ajayi Olyinka email: [email protected], Prince Kuripati [email protected] Hategeka Moses Advertising ______Paul Night Email: Asong Zelifac marketing@ Samuel Ouma panafricanvisions. Primus Tazanu com Ahmed Mheta

PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 1 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa Rethinking power dynamics in Africa and the many joys of Post Presidential Life By Ajong Mbapndah L than life image his disposal to challenge some participate in a music album. longer business as usual, his trade mark of the glaring irregularities In Botswana, President Ian people are asking questions, simplicity has that characterized the Khama even resigned ahead people are getting more earned for him. elections. of the expiration of his term. informed, participating Several former When one talks of Beyond the prospect of more, and questioning Presidents from challenges facing the African making a choice in who leads motives. It is progress when a West Africa continent today, leadership them, democratic elections Supreme Court Judge throws showed up, and democracy are amongst are an opportunity for the orders the cancellation of former leaders of the most prominent. people to grade their leaders elections in Kenya because Nigeria showed Elections are therefore no in some form. In Nigeria, of irregularities. It is healthy up, President joking matter. The conduct the 2019 elections will be an when Africans can question Buhari was and outcome can make or opportunity for Nigerians to why the French Foreign represented by mar a country. As the example grade Buhari and the ruling Minister would challenge a high-powered of Goodluck Jonathan APC. In 2015, Buhari and election results in the delegation, teaches us, there is life after the APC labeled Jonathan as D.R.Congo, yet elections and even in Presidency. You do not have weak on National security, whose conduct, and outcome Ajong Mbapndah L, Managing Editor the build up to to be a positive example or of sitting idle while over were worse in countries like another tense contribute to nation building 100 Chibok school girls Cameroon, and Togo are t was quite unique Presidential elections that only when you are in office. At were kidnapped by Boko given a pass, it is a healthy that a president who Nigeria is known for, both international public forums, Haram, Jonathan and his debate when people can ‘I“lost” an election the opposition PDP, and the we have seen former leaders government was accused question the role of the could receive so many ruling APC had the highest receive adulation while sitting of rampant corruption, and Catholic Bishops in the congratulatory messages levels of their leaderships leaders are scorned. so on, Nigerians will have D.R.Congo. Are there rooting from home and abroad. The present at the book launch. For President Goodluck the opportunity to pass for change in the country or irony is that I received more In 2019, there are a Jonathan, he now has his judgement on the last four fronting particular interests, applause in 2015 than I did number of important own foundation, he has led years of Nigeria under their and agendas? after my election victory in elections that will take place or participated in several watch. The same will hold for It is our hope that this 2011.” in the continent. Nigeria, missions to observe elections incumbent candidates and election cycle will see The quote above is South Africa, Senegal, across Africa, and served parties in other countries. continuous progress with taken from the book My Mozambique, Botswana, as guest speaker in diverse After suspense on whether regards to free, fair, and Transition Hours by Former Namibia, Malawi, and others, forums across the globe. President Kabila who had democratic elections which Nigerian President Goodluck people will go to the polls A few years back, we met exceeded constitutional term reflect the will of the majority Jonathan. Nobody saw him to elect new leaders. Using former President Rupiah limits will step down or if in Africa. It is our hope that coming but he ended up as the example of Jonathan Banda of Zambia and he elections will take place at all, should Buhari be beaten President of Nigeria. Nobody and Nigeria, the point been told us he was a tomato the D.R. Congo actually went in Nigeria, he will call the saw it coming, but the villain made is that elections should farmer, and his products are to the polls in December. winner to concede and he had been caricatured into not be a matter of life and distributed across the SADC Kabila’s handpicked congratulate him just as become a hero by doing the death, personal ambitions as sub region. Former President successor was beaten and Jonathan did in 2015. It is the unthinkable in Nigerian worthy as there are should Obasanjo has written many so too was the leading hope should Macky Sall be politics: -conceding defeat in not override national interest. books, he is farmer of opposition challenger. beaten in Senegal, he will step a high stakes election with Prior to the 2015 repute, and his products are Proclaimed winner was Felix aside just as his predecessor the potential to destroy the Presidential elections, distributed across the globe. Tshisekedi, son of the late Abdoulaye Wade did. It is polity. By conceding the 2015 tensions in Nigeria were rife, In South Africa, former democracy and opposition the hope that the opposition elections to Buhari, Jonathan the country seemed destined President Thabo Mbeki is one icon Etienne Tshisekedi. For will accept defeat with grace, became a hero overnight, for large scale violence at of the most respected elder a country where millions have go back to the drawing board the congratulatory messages the least, and prospects of a statesman that Africa has died from a senseless civil and wait for the next election from that act surpassed civil war were real. President today, even his predecessor war and conflicts engineered cycle. And to the people, the any he had received in his Goodluck Jonathan indicated Jacob Zuma, forced out of by various self-interest, many ballot is a super potent tool, previous electoral victories. that, to him, no blood of power as well is still waxing are hopefully that Tshisekedi use it to vote, and express At the launch of “My any Nigerian was worth strong, and even in the midst could build on the relative your hopes, use it to vent your Transition Hours” last an election victory, and he of his corruption related peace and calm that obtains anger, use it to separate the November, the turnout spoke conceded defeat even when trials, the man has the luxury in D.R. Congo now. flowers from the weeds. volumes about the larger the had multiple avenues at of artists inviting him to Elections in Africa are no Happy Reading! 2 PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Senegal: Testing for Democracy in Nigeria and Senegal in 2019 By Melvin Foote Without question Africa the two historical political is a continent that is very parties, Karim Wade (50 years much on the move towards old), the son of the former democratic governance. President Abdoulaye Wade Africa has made incredible (Senegalese Democratic progress in the past two Party) and popular former decades with many of Dakar Mayor Khalifa Sall of Africa’s 54 countries now Socialist Party( 63 years old) able to be called democratic, met that requirements but holding peaceful and credible see their candidacies at stake elections, enjoying a free because of criminal charges press, and governments that against them. Some political are generally accountable to players in Senegal believe their people. A driving force those trials are politically behind the democratic reform motivated. on the continent is Africa’s Despite his condemnation, youthful population that is the fiercest opponent, Khalifa now coming of age. More Sall, is still contesting while than 50% of the population going through the appeals Mel Foote is President of the Constituency For Africa. of Africa is under 30 years process. He is actually of age and increasingly Muhammadu Buhari (76 years old) seeking to extend by Macky Sall. running his campaign from educated and connected years old), is running for a his presidency for a second As a strong United State’s his jail cell! The Senegal to the internet, and thus second term as the candidate term. Senegal made history partner, last month Michael Supreme Court dismissed his knowledgeable about what of the All Progressive recently with the opening of R. Pompeo the Secretary of appeal on Thursday, January is going on elsewhere in Congress (APC), against the “awe-inspiring” Museum State, reiterated the United 3. Khalifa Sall’s supporters Africa and elsewhere around politician and business of Black Civilizations in States’ commitment to believe that the Macky Sall’s the world. Things have tycoon Atiku Abubakar (72 Dakar, positioning the Senegal with the signing government is targeting changed dramatically over years) under the People’s country as one the intellectual of Senegal’s second $600 him because of his potential the past two decades! Sure Democratic Party (PDP), who and cultural capital of the million Millennium Challenge strong candidacy! many daunting problem served as the Vice-President black world. Corporation Compact and In a report last year, countries remain, such as the of Nigeria under Olusegun With a population of 15 to maintaining Senegal’s Amnesty International Democratic Republic of the Obasanjo. Largely because million people, in recent democratic traditions in the criticized the Senegalese Congo, Cameroon, Equatorial of his absence from the years Senegal has had a 6% upcoming February 2019 government for cracking Guinea, Gabon, Togo, country on medical leave, annual economic growth in election. down on peaceful Somalia and Sudan, but the very little was accomplished 2015, 6.2% in 2016 and a With a presidential election demonstrations and said the tide has turned and without in President Buhari’s first continued growth up to 7.2% in less than two months, judiciary handling Khalifa’s a doubt Africa is moving term on the primary issues, in 2017. The 2021 anticipated concerns are growing that case “showed a lack of forward. which he ran on, anti- oil and gas extraction is very democracy in Senegal, long independence”. We have already seen the corruption and economic likely to give the economy an an example for West Africa, Senegalese inside the faulty election that took place development and prosperity. additional upward boost. is being subverted. Two country and in the Diaspora in the Democratic Republic Nigeria, despite it’s great oil Senegal is widely seen important situations are are mobilized to bring the of the Congo, and are wealth, is now on track to as a beacon of stability and creating political tensions. international community’s anxiously awaiting the surely becoming one of the poorest democracy in the West Africa First, a new election law attention to the situation they problematic results. Next countries in the world in the region, never experienced approved by the Senegal characterize as “democracy month, two more important next 25 years if some drastic any coup d’état, an image Parliament in April, requiring in danger” and are calling all presidential elections are measures are not taken right reinforced by a peaceful 53,000 signatures to qualify stakeholders to help sustain scheduled to take place that away to stem corruption and and well organized 2012 to run for presidency caused Senegal’s democracy by will also be closely watched to establish good governance presidential poll when protests with critics accusing ensuring the independence of in Africa and internationally in the country. the country faced its first the Macky Sall’s government the justice system, allowing -- Nigeria and in Senegal. Senegal’s election, also test as previous president, of a plot to block minor all political candidates to In Nigeria, after a very lack- taking place in February, Abdoulaye Wade, ran for a candidates for contesting. contest and by conducting luster first term, President has president Macky Sall (57 third term and was defeated Second, leaders from a transparent, free and fair PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 3 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa elections. noisy and hotly contested Even though Senegal has in many ways! That’s why made significant economic West Africa’s regional bloc and political progress, ECOWAS has also recently President Macky Sall’s urged Nigeria and Senegal eventual victory could leave to ensure peaceful, free and a bitter taste in the mouths transparent elections. It of many citizens, should the is our hope that personal other two main historical ambitions will not supersede political parties not be the will of the people, and allowed to contest freely. All may democracy win! Senegalese-followers will *Melvin Foote is President be focused on January 21, of the Washington DC based the date the Constitutional Constituency for Africa. Council will release the final The Article was originally list of approved presidential published in all Africa candidates. and is published with his Both elections in Nigeria permission. Macky Sall of Senegal and Buhari of Nigeria are facing very competitive races. and Senegal promise to be

Nigeria 2019: Hoping for another reprieve? By Edwin Madunagu n a couple of weeks Nigeria will begin Ianother round of general elections. This coming round of the four-yearly ritual, re- started by Nigeria’s ruling class in 1999 to herald the Fourth Republic, will be different in at least two respects from earlier ones. In the first place, the number of officially participating political parties and candidates will be very much larger; and, in the second place, there are participating parties and candidates that are Leftist or socialist, and are officially named and listed as such. However, only about five or six of the participating again, officially—as “political distinctions between them groups: dominant capitalist And, going by the current political parties can associations”. Formations are not known. We may ruling class parties; political alignments in the actually be described, even that had not applied at all provisionally designate the protesting capitalist ruling ruling class and the way by Nigeria’s historical simply do not exist in the five or six political parties class parties; left-of-centre money and state power are standards, as political eyes of the Nigerian state. In mentioned in the first populist parties; reformist being deployed in the current parties. But they are officially this last category fall several sentence of this paragraph as parties and Leftist parties. period, particularly in the recognized and registered by radical or protest groups— “strong”. Others in the same Of these groups only the current campaigns, the two the electoral agency as such. including Leftist ones— and league of official political first—and there are only two parties, combined, may take Other political formations all shades of anti-state and parties may be called “weak”. parties in this group—has almost all the positions being that had unsuccessfully insurgent organisations. The participating political a chance of producing the contested in Elections 2019. applied for recognition and Whether or not, and in what parties can be roughly president—unless a major Readers are invited to a registration are known— way the Nigerian state draws separated into the following political accident occurs. light mental exercise. As 4 PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Rather, the central lesson will except those lying members issue from the nature and of the ruling class that can be character of the revolutionary taught not by the inevitability programme and strategic of genuine change, but by organizational framework change itself. And, again, for within which the decision the avoidance of doubts, these to participate was taken and problems can be summarized put into effect – and, also, and grouped into three: the tactical choices of forms Massive class exploitation of participation that were and state robbery resulting adopted. in grinding mass poverty and Put differently, but misery; elitist understanding simply and concretely: Is and practice of “democracy”, what we are seeing all that moral degeneracy and there is in the participating bankrupt governance ideas Leftist parties? Or, are they on the part of Nigeria’s introduction, I propose that, aggregate. I shall return to imperialism. These political popular-democratic fronts of ruling class; and the national for the working, toiling and this point and conclude with conjunctures produced revolutionary formations? If question whose enormity poor masses of this country, it. Donald Trump (America) what we are seeing is all that and complexity not only the quality of life in the last Although the number of and Emmanuel Macron exists then the Leftist parties ruling class but also many eight years has progressively strong political parties is (France). Between the two will disappear and vanish progressives and liberals— deteriorated. Now, go small there are several serious World Wars similar political after the 2019 elections for and even Leftists—do not back to Elections 2015 and presidential, governorship conjunctures produced Adolf which they were designed. appreciate. construct an aggregate (that and legislative candidates— Hitler. Political conjunctures But if they are backed by The Left-alliance being is, summation) of the former where by “serious” I mean can produce “angels” from revolutionary formations, advocated must be able to campaign manifestoes and possessing demonstrable the blues; they can also they will either not disappear come forward with a clear promises—including lies knowledge, respectable produce “devils” from hell. at all or will disappear but and credible declaration and propaganda—of the postures and impressive But none lasts for too long. re-appear as larger, stronger or manifesto that frontally two leading political parties antecedents. However, They disappear without and more revolutionary addresses these problems and in that contest: the ruling almost all the serious successors. As in the past, formations. offers the working, toiling, People’s Democratic Party candidates carry the flags of the lessons of the present An important conclusion poor and suffering masses (PDP) and opposition All weak political parties. Here conjuncture will be learnt from the preceding of Nigeria—in their current Progressives Congress (APC). we are: Serious candidates both at the centre (America paragraphs is that Nigeria’s regional, ethnic and cultural Then return to the present on weak or nebulous political and Western Europe) and ruling class, as a ruling-class, divisions—something and do the same thing party platforms—both sets in the peripheries (Nigeria, has not been able to produce genuinely new, concrete, (summation of manifestoes, approved by the Nigerian etc.) of global capitalism. a winning party or a winning immediate, unifying and promises, lies, false claims, state. The emergence of this In Nigeria the lessons will alliance of parties that can hope-inspiring in their boasts, etc.) for the two phenomenon must have be more critical for the offer the people of Nigeria various struggles that are just current leading parties. You been influenced by what took Left. Why? Because it is the anything new. A genuine and genuinely liberating. A will discover, first, that the place—and some would say, Nigerian Left that wants to change—which, perhaps, is tall order? Yes, a tall order. two leading parties for the still taking place—in America change Nigeria for the benefit too late for Elections 2019— It is either this challenge or 2015 elections are also the two and Western Europe over of victims of a decadent social can therefore come either you join the exploiting and leading parties in Elections the last couple of years. But order. from the Nigerian Left or oppressing social forces or 2019. The only difference the phenomenon cannot be The central lesson for from an alliance of Leftist continue to dance around is that their positions are regarded as a new stage or a the Nigerian Left will not, formations and genuinely them—hoping, like them, that now reversed: the 2015 new tendency or a new trend as many would think, issue reformist parties—an alliance there will be another reprieve ruling party is now the main in global or “Western” history from the decision to take in which the Left exercises from an irreversible national opposition party, while the of liberal democracy. part in electoral politics ideological hegemony. catastrophe that will surely 2015 main opposition party is I propose that what we and in elections under the For the avoidance of come if the nation continues now the ruling party. You will have seen or are seeing present sociopolitical and doubt, by a genuine change I on its present course. also discover—and this is the in America and Western constitutional order. The mean a radical and popular- *Madunagu, high point in this exercise— Europe are products of decision to participate was democratic approach to mathematician and that there is no substantive political conjunctures in informed by history, and the urgent problems of the journalist, writes from difference between the 2015 the contemporary history then, by the balance of nation—problems that are Calabar, Cross River State, aggregate and the 2019 of global capitalism and forces: global and national. known by all and seen by all Nigeria.

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PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 5 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa Inside Africa Nigeria 2019: The Most Important Election Since Return Of Civilian Governance in 1999-Veteran Journalist Chido Onumah By Ajong Mbapndah L t is going to be a country returned to civilian very tough contest governance in 1999. And Ibetween the ruling All there are many reasons why Progressive Congress (APC) it is going to be a very tough and the opposition People’s contest between the two Democratic Party says veteran leading candidates. One, there Nigerian Journalist Chido is a balance of forces between Onumah. Sharing unfettered the two main political parties perspectives on the upcoming in the country, the ruling February 2019 polls, Chido All Progressives Congress Onumah ,Coordinator (APC) and the People’s of the African Centre for Democratic Party (PDP); Media & Information two, the main candidates Literacy(AFRICMIL),in have a few things in common: Abuja says the elections are they are over seventy, both arguably the most important Fulani, Muslims, and from in the for Nigeria since its the northern part of the return to civilian governance country; three, the elections It may be the most important election since return to democratic civilian rule in 1999. are coming on the heels of in 1999 says Chido Onumah. “The country is more great insecurity following a restructuring of the country. more fractured today. Not the elections? fractured today. Not since resurgence in the onslaught If the incumbent president since the civil war has the Unlike in 2015, political the civil war has the country of the extremist Islamic is re-elected, we will see a country witnessed this level campaigns across the country witnessed this level of group, Boko Haram, violence resurgence in the activities of disunity, fear, suspicion is low. Some people think disunity, fear, suspicion and across the country, crisis of separatist movements and mutual loathing among it has to do with the general mutual loathing among the in the education sector and call for restructuring, the various groups that make apathy which is a product of various groups that make up with lecturers on strike and and if the candidate of the up the country. The mood the disenchantment with the the country, says Onumah, universities closed, labour main opposition wins, he in the country is that of political class. It is hard to a former Director of Africa threatening to shut down the will be taken up on his apprehension. The activities find any one issue that has programmes at the Panos country over the minimum promise to put in place the of Boko Haram, banditry and defined the 2019 campaign. Institute in Washington,DC. wage issue. necessary mechanism for the politically-motivated violence The ruling party, the APC, is From the candidates ,to The importance is that restructuring of the country. across the country are a campaigning on consolidating the issues, stakes, role of the outcome, will, to a great major concern. The parties what it says is its achievement international community extent, determine what The build up to the last are not helping matters in the last four years while ,prospects of a third party happens in 2023. The politics Presidential elections with their divisive rhetoric. the main opposition, the break through and the critical of 2023 has already started, was very tense despite Among Nigerians generally, PDP, is campaigning on the role of the Independent and voters will have that at the happy ending, in the feeling is that of cautious notion that the ruling party Electoral watchdog INEC, the back of their mind when what mood is the country optimism. Nigeria being a has not kept the promises Chido Onumah sheds light they go to the polls next and how are the parties very religious country, many it made before coming to what will be the most keenly month. We must also not and candidates carrying people have resorted to party. Personally, I would watched race in Africa in forget the different interests themselves? divine intervention. There have loved to see an issue 2019. at play: the local political In many ways there is a is a serious concern that like the question of unity elite, the military elite, and semblance between what the ruling party will use and national integration How important are the the role of the international happened four years ago the instrument of the state, dominate the campaign. More upcoming Presidential community so-called; finally, and what we are witnessing including the security forces than anything else, I think elections for the future of there is the critical question today. Yes, the situation and the electoral commission it is one issue the country Nigeria? of unity and national during the last election in in its favour. must confront for it to make The elections are very integration. Whatever 2015 was very tense. But progress. The existential important, perhaps the happens, we will witness the situation has gone even What are some of the crisis in the country is real, most important since the renewed clamour for the worse today. The country is major issues at stake in but it is not getting the kind 6 PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs of attention it deserves. has dogged his public image. While he has tried to ward it Let’s talk about the off, it remains a big issue in candidates, Buhari is his quest for the presidency. the incumbent President and running under the Former Vice President platform of the APC, Atiku’s nemesis in past how can you sum up his elections has been his first term legacy, did he former boss, President and the APC honor the Olusegun Obasanjo. promises made to the Finally, for this election, Nigerian people in the he has the endorsement last elections? of Obasanjo. How big The issue of not honouring a deal is this and what its promises is the major impact could it have on problem confronting the his chances? president and his party. The I think it is a big deal and government rode to power Opposition challenger Atiku Abubarkar of the PDP was a leading supporter of it brightens his chances. on three planks: dealing President Buhari in 2015. Obasanjo is a top member with insecurity, fighting infrastructure base of the a former governor of Lagos the government then. He has of the military-political class corruption, and boosting the country. It has completed State. This is a first in the also been involved politically that has always determined economy. Then there is the road and rail networks history of political campaigns in the country for many years who emerges the president other issue of addressing started or abandoned by the in the country and the view and can be described as an of the country since 1999. the concerns of those who PDP administration. But even is the president is unable experienced politician. He I think that class, using say Nigeria is more of a by the admission of partisans to withstand the rigours is a successful businessman, former President Obasanjo unitary than a federal state of the APC, Nigerians are of intense nation-wide a philanthropist and his as proxy, will not want to be and that there is the need groaning under the economic campaign. Remember that for tentacle spreads across the humiliated. The impact is to restructure the country policy of the government, most part of his first term the country. He has friends and that Obasanjo’s endorsement and have a new constitution millions of jobs have been president battled with health political associates in every can improve, if not in Nigeria, that will determine the basis lost in the past three years, challenge and was away for nook and cranny of the at least in the eyes of the for peaceful co-existence unemployment is rising, and a long period in the UK for country. His weakness, if international community, among the different ethnic the electricity problem has treatment. If he is re-elected one can describe it as such, the acceptability of Mr. nationalities. Insecurity yet to be tackled. Nigeria and this problem continues, it is his age just like that of Atiku. The endorsement also seems to be getting worse. We remains the poverty capital of will lead to serious infighting the current president in a means that Mr. Obasanjo are witnessing a resurgence the world. One of the issues not just for who controls the country where young people will be campaigning against of the violent Islamic group, that endeared the APC to a presidency and the party but between 18-35 constitute the incumbent. Of course, it Boko Haram. They are taking section of the country was for who replaces the president 51.11 per cent of the total is not as smooth sailing as it over towns in the north-east the promise by the party in 2023. That would have number of voters and there appears because you can be and the military appears to look into the question of serious repercussions on the has been the clamour for a sure that the public will keep helpless. Banditry is on the political, economic and social direction the country will youthful president as is the reminding Mr. Obasanjo rise in Zamfara and Katsina imbalance in the country. The move. emerging trend in many parts of his comments about his States (the latter being the president repudiated that of the world. Then there is the former deputy many years president’s home state). promise immediately he was His leading challenger question of corruption that ago. Although the administration sworn in. About a year ago, Atiku Abubakar of has made modest gains in the the party revisited the issue the PDP supported fight against corruption, the and came up with a report him in the last president has been accused of which has remained in the elections, what not addressing allegations of closet. are his strengths corruption involving his key Of course, we have the and weaknesses? men, including corruption in issue of the president’s Part of Atiku’s the military which many say health challenge and the strength is perhaps is the reason for the country’s question of his ability to the fact that he inability to tackle the manage a country as diverse served as vice resurgence of Boko Haram. and challenging as Nigeria president for eight The government has been for another four years. The years between 1999 credited with making some president has “outsourced” and 2007 and was President Obasanjo is on my left during a symposium on gains in the agricultural his campaign to the leader of head of the economic January 15, 2016, to mark the 46th anniversary of the end sector and expanding the his party, Mr. Bola Tinubu, management team of of the civil war in Nigeria. PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 7 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa if he does politics of the country. How Displaced Persons (IDPs) in emerge as that role will play out in the neighbouring Niger and Chad the winner? 2019, no one can say for will be allowed to vote. This is It is difficult certain. Four years ago, that happening in a country where to say. The support was quite visible. Nigerians in the Diaspora president That hasn’t been the case this are by law prevented from has made time around but that doesn’t voting. The issue here is that comments mean the major players once an IDP leaves his or her to the effect interested in the outcome of country of residence, he or that he is not the 2019 elections in Nigeria, she becomes a refugee and desperate, the UK and the US, are no longer an IDP. To that and that he sleeping! extent, they are not covered will relinquish by Nigerian laws concerning power if he A word on the voting. loses. He has Independent National Recently, the president’s also said he Elections Commission niece, a former Acting INEC chairman Prof Mahmoud Yakubu is saddled with the is committed (INEC),charged with Chairman of the Independent daunting task of making sure the polls are free and fair. to free and conducting the polls. Are National Electoral For the last two decades, not have the patience and fair elections. His opponent, they ready to organize Commission (INEC), was power and politics have discipline to work and build Atiku Abubakar, has also a hitch-free and fair appointed head of the INEC been dominated by a political movement that spoken about the need poll whose outcome will collation centre for the the PDP and the APC, will resonate with the masses. for free and fair elections. reflect the will of the general election. The main what are the chances Many of them join the Nigerians are tired of Nigerian people? opposition party, the PDP, that a third force could presidential race six months election-related violence and INEC says it is ready for and a Coalition of United emerge to serve as a to the election and then they are desirous of peaceful, free hitch-free elections. It has Political Parties (CUPP) check between these two start shopping for a platform. and fair elections. The leading had enough time to prepare have kicked against the parties? Is there any I hope the 2019 election will candidates have signed a for the elections and has appointment. candidate or party that be a learning process. If they peace agreement promising received all the support it These are some of the can step up? have the staying power and to play by the rules. We hope needs to conduct free and concerns Nigerians have Nigeria is still a long don’t fizzle out immediately they keep that promise. fair elections. There are some about INEC and its quest away from the emergence after the election but keep red flags concerning the for credible polls. Nigerians of a formidable third force mobilizing, they can become In the last elections independence of INEC and are really looking forward to supplant the two main a real force in 2023. as well, we saw the its approach to the elections. to credible elections. I political parties. My take strong implication In late October 2018, local sincerely hope they are not is that many of the smaller Former President of the international newspapers reported that disappointed. INEC can’t political parties that see Goodluck Jonathan set a community notably the chair of INEC, Professor afford to fail Nigerians. It themselves as the “third force” very strong precedence from the Obama Mahmood Yakubu, met with is standing on the cusp of have no organic existence. by conceding the last administration, what the Chief of Staff to President history and every eye, both They are neither real parties elections and sending a role is the international Buhari, Mr. Abba Kyari, at the local and international, will or genuine grassroots political congratulatory message community playing this Presidential Villa in Abuja. be on the electoral umpire movements. What you have to President Buhari, do year? The outcome of the meeting to see how creditably it is that many of the young you see him doing same The international was not made public. performs. people who are interested if he is beaten by Atiku, community will play a role In December 2018, INEC in running for president do or Atiku doing same as it has always done in the announced that Internally

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www.poweringafrica-summit.com PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 9 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa Big Year Ahead For South Africa As It Gears Up For the 2019 General Elections By Prince Kurupati 019 is set to be a presidential race was a big year for Africa’s foregone conclusion, the 2rainbow nation, South same cannot be said of the Africa. South Africa in May upcoming 2019 elections. will hold its general elections. There are two factors behind The general elections will this i.e. the emergence of see the electorate take to another pro black (and the ballot to choose their some would say pro poor next provincial legislators, political party) and also the members of the National reformation of the South Assembly as well as the African electorate from being country’s next president. proponents of personality In past elections (after the politics to becoming attainment of independence proponents of substance in 1994), South Africa general politics. More on this later elections when it comes to the but now, let’s take a brief look presidential race were more at South Africa’s electoral of a foregone conclusion history. well before the voters cast President Ramaphosa and the ANC are still firmly incharge despite opposition their votes. One party i.e. the South African elections inroads. African National Congress since attainment of (ANC) entered into the independence constitution officially of the skin was no longer polls (the elderly voted a day elections as a front runner South Africa’s journey marked the end of Apartheid a limiting factor. For the before while areas plagued and ‘automatically’, all knew to democracy started in system, a racial segregation white minority, the interim by some logistical problems that the ANC would win the 1993 when on April 27 policy which had been in constitution was alright in were given another day for most votes. The mere fact the country adopted an existence for decades. For that, though it abolished voting). It took less than a that the ANC was the party interim constitution. The the black majority, the end of certain rights and privileges week for the Independent of most blacks meant it interim constitution was Apartheid was a momentous they once enjoyed, it let them Electoral Commission to had the highest number of a compromise between achievement as it meant that keep the means of production release the provisional results supporters hence the ability the white South African they could now freely move from the manufacturing which saw the ANC score the to win convincingly during population and the black in their own country and also companies and industries to highest with 54 percent of the the general elections. South African population. partake in almost anything the farms. votes followed by the National While in the past the In essence, the interim they wanted. The colour Apart from the above, the Party with 33 percent other key thing which and lastly the Inkhatha was bought about by Freedom Party with 4.5 the interim constitution percent. Official results were was the provisions to announced a couple of days administer the country’s later and on 10 May, Nelson first democratic Mandela was inaugurated elections. A period of 12 as the first democratically months from the date elected president of South of effect (April 27 1993) Africa. was the timeframe given After 1994, South held to the government to its second general election organize and conduct which saw the ANC win the the country’s first presidential race for the democratic elections second time with Thabo Mbeki (one man one vote with as the presidential candidate. universal suffrage). On The third democratic 27 April the following elections were held in 2004 Julius Malema and the Economic Freedom Fighters have been a growing threat to year (1994), South with the incumbent Thabo the ANC. Africans went to the Mbeki running for a second 10 PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs term. Just like the first time, First, there is Mbeki won on the ANC ticket the issue of the with more than 60 percent emergence of a new of the votes cast. Mbeki political party which however could not finish his is pro black i.e. the second term as he handed Economic Freedom in his resignation letter on Fighters (EFF). The 21 September 2008 amid EFF is a splinter pressure from his party, political party ANC to step down. To finish formed by Julius Mbeki’s term as president, Malema, a former Kgalema Motlanthe was ANC stalwart who elected interim president by once served as the the South African parliament. ANC Youth League On 22 April 2009, the leader. Malema country holds the fourth is a charismatic democratic elections and the and radical leader. ANC running presidential Malema’s radicalism candidate Jacob Zuma wins. trickles down to other On 7 May 2014, Jacob Zuma organs as well as Democratic Alliance (DA) leader Mmusi Maimane will be a force to reckon with in the wins his second presidential leaders and followers elections. term in the country’s fifth of the EFF. In the upcoming the ground is no longer of different political parties unemployment rate in the democratic elections but just elections, the EFF is not applicable though. Voters are when it comes to politics of country. The ANC also made like his predecessor, he failed necessarily being viewed as now much more concerned substance. Ultimately, it is a huge promise to “investigate to finish his second term as a party that will cause an with politics of substance this very same thing which the modalities of instituting he resigned on Valentine’s upset and end the ANC’s over politics of personality. will determine which side of a national minimum wage”. Day 2018 amid pressure dominance. However, as a To add to this, the emergence the political divide will win. True to what it said, it did from his party to step down. party whose main support of new political parties on Last but not least, past raise and to some extent To finish Zuma’s term, Cyril base are blacks, the EFF does either side (i.e. the pro black achievements will also play investigate the modalities but Ramaphosa was elected have the power to take away a EFF and the pro white GOOD a huge role in determining it did not go the extra mile to interim president and he is large section of the ANC votes Party) means voters have the outcome of the upcoming institute a national minimum the running candidate of the thereby leaving the ANC in more options even if they general elections. This last wage. The ANC also promised ANC in the upcoming 2019 a precarious position. The still want to vote along ‘racial issue mostly applies to the to reform the education and general elections. EFF’s impact can be felt but lines’. In the buildup to the ruling party. In the 2014 healthcare sectors so as to cut only if the main opposition general election, there is one manifesto, the ANC promised costs but no such reform has Changing political party i.e. the Democratic issue which is forcing the to do a lot of things. Generally as yet been initiated. landscape Alliance gets back into hand of all political parties speaking, it has failed to fulfill The failure by the ANC There is a prevailing feeling shape in the remaining few to air their views i.e. the most of its promises. The will no doubt make it prone in South Africa that the months. Failure to do so may land expropriation without ANC promised to create six to criticism from opposition upcoming elections are going however mean that the ANC compensation issue. For the million work opportunities. political parties but what to be a whole lot different will lose a certain proportion pro black political parties, Truth be told, Jacob Zuma it does promise going from those conducted in the of its support but no single they are in support of the failed to meet this expectation into the general elections past. Most notably, the result opposition political party policy though differing on dismally. In fact, instead of can compensate for past of the presidential race is would be able to capitalize how it should be executed and creating work opportunities, unfulfilled promises. At not going to be a foregone hence it will still retain power. implemented. On the other one would not be completely the time of writing, the conclusion. While the ANC Second, there is the issue hand, pro white political wrong to suggest that work incumbent Cyril Ramaphosa still dominates (at least of substance politics. In parties are preaching the opportunities were actually and the ANC are yet to release according to polls done by past general elections, the importance of safeguarding cut. Just to put this into the 2019 general elections several organizations), there voting trend was along race property rights and as such, perspective, soon after manifesto to let the electorate are other factors which are and party lines. In general, they are against the policy. assuming the presidency know what the ANC’s vision likely going to influence the the whites voted for the DA Primarily, the issue of land (in the interim), Cyril for South Africa looks like. outcome of the election other while the blacks voted for the expropriation without Ramaphosa had to make The manifesto is set to be than the ‘supremacy’ of the ANC. This trend according compensation is the most key job creation one of his key unveiled on January 12 2019. ANC name. to the current situation on issue which informs the stance objectives owing to the rising

Pan African Visions MAGAZINE, 7614 Green Willow Court, Hyattsville,MD 20785 Tel:2404292177, email: [email protected], [email protected] PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 11 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa Inside Africa SWAPO: Namibia's Ruling Party Seeks to Maintain Its Dominance as It Gears Up for the 2019 General Elections By Prince Kurupati

019 is a huge year for party which had won the most the presidency Namibia as Namibians seats in the 1989 Constituent and just like 2will once again go to Assembly Election (later before, he won the polls to choose and elect changed to National Assembly convincingly the country’s next president after independence). With with 76.82 as well as the next crop of SWAPO having garnered percent of the legislators. 57.33 percent of the vote, it vote. This was Namibia at best can be automatically meant that the Nujoma’s last described as an archetypal leader of SWAPO at the time term and in southern African state when (Sam Nujoma) would become 2004, he duly it comes to the elections. The the first president of Namibia paved the way reason we say this is that post-independence. for SWAPO’s though Namibia classifies Indeed, soon after newly elected itself as a democratic multi- independence, Sam Nujoma leader, party state, it is in effect a was inaugurated as Namibia’s Hifikepunye one-party dominant state president. To pave way for a Pohamba. as the South West Africa clean slate for Namibia, the Hifikepunye President Hage Geingob and SWAPO will be hoping to maintain a firm grip on power in Namibia. People›s Organization UN-brokered peace deal did Pohamba (SWAPO) has maintained usher in a new ‘constitution’ competed in the 2004 same can also be said of the saw Namibians fight guerilla power since independence, which outlined the laws of the presidential race and won National Assembly elections). wars during colonialism often times winning elections land. Among the provisions with 76.44 percent of the In fact, in the last election, was the issue of land. At the with landslide margins. As found in this ‘constitution’, vote. SWAPO saw a significant rise attainment of independence, the nation gears up for yet any elected was to be elected At the end of his first in its support as for the first it was stated that Namibia another general election, for a five-year term and she term in 2009, Hifikepunye time since independence, had won back its sovereignty the overall feeling is that or he could only be re-elected Pohamba decided to run for it managed to win the and its land. However, SWAPO is likely going to once hence, in practice, this his second and final term. presidential election by over landowners were not forced win convincingly, this time, meant that the maximum He won the race with 76.42 85 percent of the vote. This to vacate their land, rather, thanks to the controversial presidential term limit was set percent. Having done his two on its own demonstrates those who wanted to vacate land expropriation without at two terms. However, due to five year terms, Hifikepunye the power and popularity were freely allowed to do so compensation ‘policy’. the fact that at independence Pohamba vacated his of SWAPO. Looking ahead while those who felt that they Before we delve deeper Sam Nujoma had not been position as SWAPO’s leader to the 2019 presidential wanted to remain and stay on into the chances of SWAPO elected directly by the people, and in his place came Hage election, evidence suggests ‘their’ land were allowed to (as well as other opposition his ‘first term’ did not count Geingob. Hage Geingob (the that SWAPO is set to continue do so. For the dispossessed political parties), lets first towards the maximum of two incumbent) competed in the its impressive trend as blacks, those who wanted get to appreciate Namibia’s presidential terms. 2014 presidential election opinion polls rank the ruling land were to acquire land electoral history. Nujoma’s first term came and won with a massive 86.73 party as the likely winner. from white farmers who to an end in 1994 and the percent of the vote. While in past elections, voluntarily sold their land; Namibia’s electoral country went to the polls to Hage Geingob’s first term SWAPO’s revolutionary past a policy was put in place history vote for the next president. ends in a few months; he has has been the major factor to help blacks financially On February 9, 1990, Nujoma was one of the two already stated his desire to that helped it pull supporters when acquiring land. While Namibia attained its competing candidates and run for a second term and he to its side, in recent times, a this willing buyer willing independence from South he won the race with a huge is the presidential candidate new factor emerged i.e. the seller policy was believed Africa. The peace deal 76.34 percent of the vote. for SWAPO. land expropriation without to be the best way forward brokered by the United This meant Nujoma was to compensation policy. This by peacemakers and the Nations secretary general serve his second term (but his Land Question a Huge new factor looks likely to government of the day, time at the time (Javier Perez de first when counting towards Plus for SWAPO consolidate if not improve later revealed that it was not Cuellar) stipulated that the the maximum presidential From the above, we saw SWAPO’S power and exactly a ‘masterstroke’ of a leader of the country for the term limit). At the end of how SWAPO has been popularity in Namibia. plan as earlier believed. This next five years would come his second term in 1999, dominating when it comes Just like most African was largely necessitated by from the dominant party, the Nujoma ran once again for to presidential elections (the states, the main issue which the unwillingness of whites 12 PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs to sell their land hence even expropriation without remained optimistic and of education and healthcare there are a handful of other after independence, the land compensation ‘policy’. Not confident that the new put him in a strong position. opposition parties. In the last which black Namibians had only did this new land policy process is going to be enacted This also not forgetting that election (2014), a total of eight fought for remained in the promise a faster and effective soon. he is the incumbent thus he opposition political parties hands of the minority few i.e. land redistribution process, it With the support that has the incumbency effect to competed in the presidential the whites. also made land redistribution Hage Geingob has received his side. race and more are expected Irrespective of the fact that ‘cheap’ through repossessing in the aftermath of his Opposition political in the upcoming election. many indigenous Namibians and redistributing land pronouncements to usher parties, on the other hand, The end result of this is that failed to access land after freely. As such, it was double in a new land redistribution have not done any favours all these emerging opposition independence, at first, very sweetness for thousands of policy, at this point, it seems to themselves. Instead of political parties will just split few were concerned (or rather, Namibians. a foregone conclusion that unifying, opposition political the opposition vote hence very few openly showed Ever since Hage Geingob a greater proportion of parties remain fragmented. inadvently consolidating the their frustration at the slow in early 2017 said that the the electorate is going to To make matters even worse, foothold of SWAPO onto the pace of land redistribution). government is considering vote in favour of him and while in the early days there power and influence it so However, developments radical land expropriation SWAPO come Election Day. was only the Democratic dearly loves. from neighbouring southern to spur the transfer of Moreover, the successes that Turnhalle Alliance as the African states namely property to the country’s he has achieved in the fields main opposition party, now, Zimbabwe (through the black majority, support for Land Reform Programme) him and SWAPO, in general, and South Africa (through has increased sharply. At the and expropriation the time, Hage Geingob also without compensation said that “Namibia wants ‘policy’) instilled newly found to transfer 43 percent, or confidence in Namibians to 15 million hectares of its openly voice their frustrations arable agricultural land, to at the snail’s pace with which previously disadvantaged the willing buyer willing seller blacks by 2020.” Though policy was moving. the process has been moving Realizing that the public slowly with the country was now clamouring for a yet to evoke part of the faster, efficient and more Constitution allowing for effective land redistribution land expropriation with policy, SWAPO acted fast fair compensation, black Land reforms remains an issue of great importance to many Namibians. and came up with the land Namibians have largely

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Call / eMail Us Tel:2404292177, email: [email protected], [email protected] PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 13 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa Opposition Candidate Wins the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Presidential Election By Prince Kurupati n Africa, it’s a rarity (maximum0 15 day for the opposition period. Icandidate to win a presidential election but that The announcement is exactly what happened of the Results in the recently conducted In the early hours of Democratic Republic of the January 10, the electoral Congo (DRC) presidential commission of the DRC election. Against all odds, announced the much opposition candidate Felix anticipated presidential Tshisekedi was declared the results. According to the winner of the 30 December electoral commission, 2018 presidential election Félix Tshisekedi of the beating two other candidates. Union for Democracy and Social Progress The ‘Long’ Election won the election The DRC presidential after garnering 38.57 election is regarded as one percent of the vote of the longest election in the (7,051,013 votes cast in world. It’s not really difficult favour of him). Martin A surprise victory for Felix Tshisekedi in the Congolese elections. to see why this is the case. Fayulu of the Dynamic According to the election of Congolese Political police said three people were by the electoral commission and might allow Kabila’s schedule released by the Opposition (backed by other killed. Police also confirmed is the fact that the results network to continue. Patrick election body, it takes 15 days opposition leaders) came “agitations” in Congo’s he tabulated (from the data Smith of the newsletter Africa from the time the people close in the second position third-largest city, Kisangani, collected by his own team) Confidential said “If Fayulu cast their votes to the time after garnering 34.83 percent but said they were quickly does not tally with the figures and his allies, with their that preliminary election of the vote (6,366,732 votes brought under control. released by the electoral own independent security results are released. For cast in favour of him). In the At the time of writing, commission. The difference and financial networks, had the official election results, third position was Emmanuel it’s still not clear if Fayulu in figures according to Fayulu taken power they would have voters have to wait 9 more Ramazani Shadary from will take the court route i.e. is not small but rather very changed the power structure days before they know who former leader Joseph Kabila’s challenge the election result high, something which of Congo and definitively the substantive president- party who garnered 23.84 in the courts of law. According to him suggests possible ousted Kabila and his clan… elect is. While this is the percent of the vote. to the supreme law of the land manipulation of the results. Tshisekedi, with his weaker schedule released before the in DRC, a losing candidate has To back his claim, network, looks like being election, developments on Contestations two days to lodge a complaint Fayulu states that Kabila’s the junior partner in his the ground actually differed. For a few hours after with the constitutional court. government made a deal with accommodation with the The presidential election the election result was As such, there is still time Tshisekedi as hopes faded Kabila establishment.” which at first was slated for announced, it seemed as for Fayulu to challenge the for ruling party candidate 23 December was pushed if DRC had managed to results in the courts. Once Emmanuel Ramazani Fayulu’s Local and forward and ended up being achieve its first peaceful a candidate has lodged a Shadary. Therefore, Foreign Support conducted on the 30th of transfer of power ever complaint, the Constitutional Tshisekedi and his newly Support for Fayulu has December. since the country got its Court has up to seven days found ‘friends’ thanks to the not just been expressed by Fortunately for the people independence. However, to rule on the matter. The ‘friends’ power and influence political analysts only. There of Congo as well as the things turned quickly as Constitutional Court can over the electoral commission are also other actors both whole world in general, the losing opposition candidate nullify the complaint or the decided to manipulate the local and foreign who have election was supposed to be Martin Fayulu stated that result depending on how it result in favour of Tshisekedi. voiced their concern over the a ‘long’ election ultimately he did not accept the result judges the matter. Many analysts are on the result of the election. Locally, failed to become one thanks and that the result had been side of Fayulu with Pierre the Catholic Church which to the work of the electoral massively manipulated. Soon Bone of Contention Englebert, a fellow at the fielded 40,000 observers said commission which managed after, some protest violence For Fayulu, the bone Atlantic Council’s Africa that its findings do not tally to tabulate and release was reported in Kikwit, a of contention over the Center saying Tshisekedi with the figures released by preliminary in less than the Fayulu stronghold, where announced official results would be more malleable the electoral commission. As 14 PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs such, they have reservations about the ‘freeness’ of the election. The Catholic Church is highly influential in DRC as over 40 percent of the country’s population is Catholic. Internationally, several countries including France and Belgium have expressed doubts about the result. France bluntly said that the results did not tally with early poll results while Belgium said it will take the DRC election results issue to the UN Security Council.

Uncertain Future DRC faces an uncertain future after the announcement Runner up Martin Fayulu is strongly contesting the results of the elections. of the presidential result. While the situation in most split support, any decision them the excuse to go into to ‘defend’ their vote. are causing untold suffering parts of the country remains that will be reached by the the streets to protect what to communities living in the stable with few instances Constitutional Court will, on they call a ‘stolen’ election. What Lies Ahead For country’s rural areas. He will of violence recorded, many one hand, appease one group On the other hand, nullifying Tshisekedi also have to help resuscitate fear that if Fayulu decides while on the other hand bring the announced election Assuming that all things the country’s economy which to take his complaints to the joy to another joy. Nullifying result will anger Tshisekedi’s turn out good i.e. Tshisekedi has been on a downward Constitutional Court, violence Fayulu’s complaint will anger supporters hence also giving manages to be inaugurated as spiral in recent times while might follow. With both his millions of supporters Tshisekedi’s supporters the the next President of the DRC at the same time, ensuring Tshisekedi and Fayulu having hence inadvertently giving excuse to go into the streets and Fayulu admits defeat, that he reduces high poverty Tshisekedi will have levels, high unemployment a lot of work on his rates as well as raising the hands. Firstly, he will country’s standard of living. have to unify a nation Internationally, Tshisekedi which is strongly will have to reassure the divided along ethnic world that DRC is a safe (and political) lines. haven for investment hence Tshisekedi will there will be a need for the also have to work formulation of new investor- on depoliticizing friendly policies. In essence, various arms of Tshisekedi’s presidency (if government which it does come to fruition) in recent times have will not be an easy one. operated more like However, with neighbouring ruling party organs, Ethiopia enjoying massive in some government development ever since its departments, new prime minister took office complete revamps early in 2018, Tshisekedi will will be needed. be hoping that he can learn Tshisekedi will also and copy one or two things have to address DRC’s from his counterpart. President elect Tshisekedi now says by stepping down Kabila is now a partner in the age-long challenge of democratization process of the D.R.Congo. rebels, most of whom

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16 PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Macky Sall Seeks Re-election As Senegal Goes To the Polls in Late February By Prince Kurupati Léopold Sédar Senghor lost Senegal’s Problematic his place as the leader of the Side UPS, this, therefore, meant While Senegal has always that he would be unable to managed to satisfy the compete as the presidential ‘quantity’ side, she has candidate for the UPS in the found it difficult to do the next elections. At the end of same when it comes to the his term in 1983, Léopold ‘quality’ side. Past Senegalese Sédar Senghor was replaced elections have been marred by Abdou Diouf as the leader by political skirmishes and of the UPS and subsequently, often times the results have as the running candidate been contentious. In the for the UPS. Continuing the build-up to the upcoming trend started by Léopold elections, we decided to take Sédar Senghor since a look at the steps that are independence, Abdou Diouf being taken to rectify this enegal won its first democratic elections 1968. The country’s electoral won the presidency with and to ensure that this time, independence in 1960 in Senegal were conducted body set aside 25 February as 83.45 percent of the vote. In Senegal presidential elections Sand since then, it has in March 1959; at the time, the Election Day but no other the 1983 election, there were will be of the highest quality. been holding ‘democratic’ Senegal was part of the candidates apart from the five candidates including First of all, we have to say elections to choose the short-lived Senegal-Mali incumbent expressed a desire Abdoulaye Wade who came that even before the day of country’s leader as well as Federation. However, in to run for the presidency. in the second position with the election, Senegal has members of Parliament. 1960, Senegal decided to Therefore, the incumbent 14.79 percent of the vote. failed to create a conducive From afar, there is one break away from the Mali Léopold Sédar Senghor was Abdou Diouf was re-elected environment for peaceful thing which is clear when it Federation and Léopold re-elected unopposed. After in 1988 as well as in the 1993 and credible elections. The comes to Senegal elections Sédar Senghor from the serving his five-year term, the presidential elections. banning of two leading i.e. the country has never Senegalese Progressive next elections were slated for The UPS now PS lost opposition figures, son of compromised the quantity of Union (UPS) was elected 1973. The electoral body set the presidential election former president Karim the elections but on several Senegal’s first president. As aside 28 January as Election for the first time in 2000 Wade and ex-Dakar mayor occasions, it has been found Léopold Sédar Senghor was Day but just like the last time, amid massive calls for the Khalifa Sall (no relation) wanting when it comes to elected president following there weren’t any aspiring amendment of the country’s from contesting over the quality of the elections. the untimely breakup of presidential candidates constitution (which was corruption issues has already For the 2019 Presidential the Mali Federation, it was hence Léopold Sédar Senghor eventually amended in given critics a ‘weapon’ to elections, the incumbent, agreed that fresh elections was re-elected once again 2001 through a national attack the credibility of the the electoral body, as well with universal suffrage for unopposed. referendum). Opposition elections with once their as the whole nation, will all Senegal citizens were to From 1973, the next candidate Abdoulaye Wade favoured outcome does not be hoping that for the first be held sooner. The date presidential elections were won 58.49 percent of the vote come to fruition. time, the country is going earmarked for the elections to be held in 1978. Things against Abdou Diouf’s 41.51 Moreover, the failure by to successfully tick both was 1 December 1963. Indeed, were different in 1978 as percent. Abdoulaye Wade the Senegalese government the ‘quantity’ and ‘quality’ thousands of voters went to for the first time in three was re-elected once again to establish an independent election boxes. cast their votes on the first of election cycles, an aspiring in the 2007 presidential body solely tasked with December 1963 and Léopold presidential candidate (other election but lost in the 2012 managing the electoral Relieving the Good Side Sédar Senghor emerged once than the incumbent) emerged presidential election to the register does not paint the of Senegal’s Electoral again victorious. This time, in Abdoulaye Wade. Wade, current president Macky Sall. country in a positive way in History Léopold Sédar Senghor was however, failed to break From the above, one can the build-up to the elections. In brief, we have already given a five-year mandate to the dominance of Léopold see that no single Senegalese Currently, the Ministry of the stated that Senegal has never lead the country. Sédar Senghor as he was re- president has served only Interior and Public Security been found wanting when it The five-year term ended elected once again with 82.20 a single term hence the manages the electoral comes to election ‘quantity’. in 1968 and as per the percent of the vote while incumbent Macky Sall will be register. As the head of the As and when (presidential stipulations of the supreme Wade managed to garner only hoping that he doesn’t break ministry is a presidential or parliamentary) elections law of the land, Senegal had 17.80 percent of the vote. that cycle when he seeks re- appointee, there is a general are due, they are held. The to conduct an election in Midway through his tenure, election in February this year. belief that the ministry and PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 17 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa the minister are powerless if Senegalese elections. ‘requested’ by the executive First and foremost, there is to manipulate the register. the incumbency effect. Like it The autonomous National or not, African elections time Electoral Commission and time again has proved (CENA) is only responsible for that the odds are mostly in organizing and supervising favour of the incumbent. As the operations of the electoral such, incumbency is likely process but does not keep, going to be a decisive factor handle nor manage any of the in this election. electoral tools outside of the Another factor which has election period. characterized African politics Furthermore, the decision particularly when it comes to withdraw the accreditation to elections is personality of the non-governmental politics. For the majority, they organization called Enda are swayed not by substance Lead Africa Francophone (what the candidate is NGO as an election observer promising) but by personality President Macky Sall will have as main challenger a former party comrade team has angered many. The (charisma, confidence and and Prime Minister Idrissa Seck. NGO was banned following oratory skills). Looking at administration and education against an established (often conducted once every seven investigations by the the candidates who have by 2035. Having realized times revolutionary) party. years while parliamentary government which linked it to expressed their desire to some success on that front It is in light of this that the elections are held once every the citizen’s movement called challenge for the highest office in his first term, Sall is decision taken by some of five years. What this means, “Y en a Marre”, a movement in the land, the incumbent promising even more in his the top opposition political in general, is that a couple of which is considered a certainly does rank higher second term thus he already parties in Senegal to establish years before the presidential disruptive force in the when it comes to personality has an advantage. the National Resistance election is held, the country. By withdrawing the politics. However, we have to According to studies, Front (FNR), a coalition parliamentary election will be accreditation of the NGO, say, things would have been it has been revealed that of opposition parties is conducted. The party which critics believe that the Sall different if two other aspiring the percentage of African a welcome development generally performs well in the government is trying to presidential candidates in son incumbents who win which slightly gives them an parliamentary elections goes remove all objective voices of former president Karim presidential elections stand advantage as they go into the on to win the presidency. of reason from observing the Wade and ex-Dakar mayor at 70 percent. At the same elections. Following this trend, Macky elections. Khalifa Sall (no relation) had time, when the opposition Last but not least, another Sall is the favourite as his In addition, towards the been allowed to run. These wins, more often than not, key factor which determines ruling coalition (Benno Bokk end of last year, the Sall two are highly popular but the opposition will have the outcome of the Yakaar) convincingly won the administration tightened due to the criminal charges contested as a coalition or presidential race in Senegal 2017 parliamentary election. its grip on the internet with they are facing, they have alliance. Rarely do a single pertains to the results of The Benno Bokk Yakaar won President Macky Sall himself been banned from contesting. opposition party challenge the parliamentary elections. all but three of the country’s justifying the move saying Apart from using one’s and win a presidential election Presidential elections are 45 electoral departments. it is all about stopping the power and influence as an spread of misinformation. Incumbent in channeling For critics, however, they do state resources to a political not view this move as a way campaign, engaging in vote of stopping the spread of buying and the like, another misinformation but as a way benefit of being an incumbent of silencing critics ahead of when it comes to an election the elections. is that a candidate can focus on reminding the electorate Key Factors In the the good work that he has Presidential Race done in the past and so in the In any election, there are process, promise to do even key factors which play a more in the future. For Macky pivotal role in determining Sall, he won the 2012 race who emerges victorious and on the back of his ambitious who loses. Here, we are going Plan for Emerging Senegal to take a look at the key factors which aimed at transforming that are likely going to play a key sectors from agriculture huge role in the upcoming to healthcare, public 18 PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Botswana 2019: Will the BDP Keep Winning? By Prince Kurupati

or 52 years, the elected the country’s first put Botswana on the world before the voters cast their Adopting the ANC Model Botswana Democratic democratically elected map in terms of championing votes. It was public knowledge BDP’s solution to its failure FParty (BDP) has been president, Sir Seretse Khama. democracy. Most notably, the that the BDP would win the to win an outright majority winning every presidential The constitution which new constitution introduced majority of the National was to adopt a model used by election conducted in the enabled Botswana to hold its presidential term limits. Assembly seats and in turn, South Africa’s ruling party, country. In 2019, Botswana first democratic elections had From the 1998 National the BDP National Assembly ANC. The model entails is going to conduct another no provisions for presidential Assembly, any candidate members would have the delinking the electoral cycle presidential election but terms. As such, it meant that a elected president was to serve final say over who was going from the presidential term. unlike previous years, the single person could be elected two 5-year terms only. to be elected president. In practice, under this model, upcoming presidential president for as many times as The first president to be However, things changed a party (often times and election is not a foregone he wanted. The unavailability elected after the adoption in the last election, the BDP in this instance the ruling conclusion. In this article, of the presidential term of the new constitution failed for the first time to party) does push back its we will highlight why this limits meant that the first was Festus Mogae. Mogae win an outright majority. electoral cycle by one year is the case but before that, democratically elected effectively served his two The party only managed to (plus a few months) against let’s briefly go down memory president retained power terms and left office in win 46.5 percent of the vote the presidential term. This, lane exploring Botswana’s from 1966 up to 1980 2008. He was succeeded while the opposition shared therefore, means that the electoral history. effectively serving three full by Lietnanunt General Ian 53.5 percent of the votes. elected president will step terms before his untimely Khama who served one full Regardless, BDP had enough down (or at least in theory his Botswana’s ‘Democratic’ death on 13 July 1980 when term and three years of numbers to elect a president or her party will have enough Electoral History he was starting his fourth his second term before he from their own party. power to make him or her Botswana attained its term. stepped down earlier this year The failure to win an step down before the end of independence in 1966. In After the death of Sir to pave way for Mokgweetsi outright majority did surprise his term) if it’s clear that he 1966, the country conducted Seretse Khama, Quett Masisi, the current Botswana a lot of people inside the BDP. or she has lost the support of its first democratic elections Ketumile Joni Masire was president. In order to prevent the same the people. By stepping down and the Bechuanaland elected President. Masire from happening, BDP decided prior to the election season, Democratic Party now served as president from 1980 A Tough Challenge for to adopt a new strategy, the the party will be able to (in the Botswana Democratic Party up to 1998 thereby effectively the Ruling Party one similar to the strategy interim) elect a new president won the National Assembly serving four terms. Before In past elections (apart used by the ruling party in who is likeable and loved elections. The elected he left office, Masire did from the 2014 election), South Africa i.e. the African by the people. In essence, National Assembly members usher in a new constitution, Botswana elections were a National Congress (ANC). this means the party sells an amongst themselves a constitution which would foregone conclusion long untainted candidate rather PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 19 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa unified body. Botswana Elections The ‘unified body’ strategy Botswana is a multiparty, was conceived as long back constitutional and republican as early 2017 when the four democracy. In Botswana, main opposition political the members of the National parties in Botswana formed Assembly are elected via an alliance to contest the 2019 the popular vote while the elections as ‘one party’. The president is indirectly elected four parties are the Botswana via the National Assembly. In National Front, the Botswana essence, this simply means Movement for Democracy, that the members of the the Botswana Congress Party, National Assembly are the and the Botswana People’s ones who elect the president Party. In the 2014 election, of the country. The Botswana between themselves, these parliament is bicameral. four parties split 53.55 per There is the House of Chiefs cent of the vote. If they (Upper House) represented were unified at that time, by the eight chiefs from the then they would have easily eight principal tribes of the toppled the BDP by electing Tswana nation, select (4) their preferred candidate as members from the minority president. While this was not tribes, and 3 members chosen the case last time out, the four by the eight chiefs. The eight opposition parties are hoping chiefs from the eight principal that such an occurrence is not tribes of the Tswana nation Victory for incumbent Dr. Mokgweetsi E.K Masisi will maintain the going to happen once again as are permanent members of invincibility of the BDP in Botswanan politics. the next time that they garner the Upper House while the than selling an unpopular Bogolo Joy Kenewendo who use patronage and positions more votes than the BDP, others are non-permanent incumbent. The beauty of was appointed the minister to buy loyalty, and they are they will become the ‘ruling members serving 5-years this model is that in the of Investment, Trade and able to introduce popular parties’. terms. There is also the short period that the interim Industry. All these moves (or populist) policies to The alliance formed by lower house who members president is elected, he is certainly paint Masisi (and consolidate the ruling party’s the four opposition parties (57) are elected via a popular tasked with implementing inversely the BDP) in a voter base. In many cases, the is dubbed the Umbrella for vote, there are also four populist policies which are positive way hence it can be president is also able to use Democratic Change and members who are appointed not too costly over the long termed a masterstroke by the state resources to campaign in the words of the BNF by the party with the majority run just so as to entice the BDP to adopt the ANC model in the elections, severely president (also the leader of members in addition to two voters before Election Day. at the time when its prestige, skewing the playing field in the alliance), the alliance is ex-officio members i.e. the In theory, the ANC power and influence was their favour.” “a response to a plea by the President and the Attorney model adopted by the BDP beginning to wane. people for the opposition General. looks to be a good strategy. In addition to giving the Opposition Response to stop splitting votes and Juxtaposition it with the interim president ample While the ruling BDP work together.” Many people Botswana’s elections are current political environment time to entice voters with have gone out to seek the are convinced that the scheduled for October in Botswana, one can populist policies, the ANC perfect strategy to help the alliance is going to spring a 2019. certainly see the positive models also afford the party retain power in the surprise come Election Day; For the first time in the benefits of the strategy. In the interim president enough upcoming National Assembly political analyst, Anthony 2019 elections, Botswana will short period that he has been time to get accustomed to and elections later on in 2019. Morima said, “With only one use electronic voting after a in power, current Botswana at the same time effectively The opposition, on the other opposition party in place landmark (but also surprise) president Mokgweetsi Masisi make use of the incumbency hand, has also been busy now, I believe that the BDP decision by the government has reshuffled the Cabinet effect. The incumbency effect devising own strategies to will have to work very hard in on 05 September 2018 to introducing new cabinet entails presidents being able wrestle power away from the the coming years to preserve withdraw amendments to most of whom are female. to “bend state institutions BDP. The strategy adopted or better its supremacy at the the Electoral Act, which At the same time, he also in their favour, frequently by Botswana opposition 2019 elections.” introduced electronic voting. appointed Africa’s youngest securing positive coverage political parties is to enter minister in 30-year-old in the public media, they the upcoming elections as a Structure and Format of

Pan African Visions MAGAZINE, 7614 Green Willow Court, Hyattsville,MD 20785 Tel:2404292177, email: [email protected], [email protected] 20 PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Corruption, intolerance and terrorism: the cancers that could topple Nyusi and Frelimo in the October elections By Alexandre Nhampossa reaping lives in northern countries. Mozambique, specifically Recently, a study published in the province of Cabo by MISA Moçambique Delgado. The Mozambican revealed a growing tendency Armed Forces of Defense, of cases that undermine which are controlled by him, freedom of the press in have been unable to stop the the country. Contrary to phenomenon. More than 2016, with 11 cases reported 300 people have already in 2017, 21 cases were lost their lives, most of them reported. In 2018 there by decapitation, and more was more. These situations than 1,000 homes have have caused the British been burned. The group magazine The Economist to that promotes the attacks is consider Mozambique as an hitherto unknown, revealing «authoritarian country». It the weakness of the secret was a major downfall for the services that are also directly governance of Nyusi that in President Nyusi will be seeking a second term in the 2019 elections. controlled by the President of the year 2017 had been placed ozambique is Defense Forces and the rebels record time to put the country the Republic. in the category of «hybrid preparing to hold of the Renamo party. back on the path of growth «It should be noted that regime». Mlegislative and The armed conflict was and prosperity. such attacks are spreading, These situations come as a presidential election next having negative effects «And because these which shows that the Frelimo shock to Nyusi›s promise at October, that will be marked throughout the country and achievements represent Government is unable to stop the time of his inauguration by the entry of the new leader affecting various sectors of the solid pillars for the the killings. This incapacity that he would be an inclusive of the country›s largest Mozambican life, because construction of a prosperous of the Defense and Security president and a friend to opposition party, Renamo, people could not move freely Mozambican nation, with the Forces is inexplicable, everyone. What has been in place of Afonso Dhlakama, and safely to carry out their realism that has characterized because when it is to persecute verified is that he is a friend who died of illness in May productive activities; tourism us throughout these four and assassinate members of all who are in favor of his 2018. it is unclear who exactly was affected by insecurity years, we can safely say that of RENAMO, cadres and regime. Those who question will be the new president, but and, consequently, the the nation state is stable and defenseless ordinary citizens are penalized. the election was scheduled to economy became weak. With inspires us confidence» Nyusi have physical and warlike In the economic domain, take place between January its simplicity and openness said. capabilities, including assault throughout the year, the 15 and 17 during the party than former president Renamo›s current interim tanks and weapons of mass analyzes of the Center of congress. Armando Guebuza, Nyusi leader, Ossufo Momade, who destruction» Ossufo Momade Public Integrity, transmitted These are the elections was able to sit down with is believed to be the next commented. the continuous lack of that will determine the Dhlakama and determine the leader to be elected at the The statement is covered commitment leading to the continuation for the second cease-fire as negotiations for party congress, said during a as many Mozambican economic development of the term or not of the current effective peace unfold in the press conference witnessed journalists and activists have country by the State. As in Mozambican president, country. by PanAfricans Visions that been persecuted by the Nyusi past years, official estimates Filipe Nyusi, who in the In his self-assessment, looking at the difficult road government. Kidnappings present an unrealistic elections of October 2014 during the presentation of traveled by Mozambicans and blasts to this class and outlook, underestimating had 57%, ahead of Afonso the annual report of the in 2018, was incredulous strong members of the GDP. Thus, the State Budget Dhlakama, with 36.6%, General State of the Nation, with the Nyusi conclusion opposition party are common Law of 2018 foresaw a growth and Daviz Simango, MDM Nyusi acknowledged the because, for the majority of in Mozambique. For example, rate of 5.3%, but in the end (Movimento Democrático de weakness of his governance the population, the year of various media and journalists was registered only 3.2%. The Moçambique), with 6.04%. in solving various problems 2018 like the previous ones continue to be targets of IMF forecast was 3.0%. This January Nyusi that affect the people, saying stifled hard the Mozambican threats and intimidation, Nyusi when he took completes exactly 4 years as in the end that although in families. especially in rural areas, power on 15 January 2015 Mozambican president. So 2015 he stated that he was One of the points that according to Reporters brought a speech of hope and far his only legacy has been to not satisfied, he concluded has been tainting the Nyusi Without Borders, which in its change. Four years later, the have achieved a ceasefire in that the commitment of his government has to do with index of freedom of the press balance of the Mozambican the military political conflict government in 2016 and the the extremist attacks that for 2018 placed Mozambique president›s mandate is involving the Mozambican firmness of 2017 allowed in since October 2017 have been at 99th place among 180 marked by worsening PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 21 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa

extremist attacks, by natural of being circumvented. mandates of international «The debts should not that Nyusi may be replaced by disasters, as well as by the The Mozambican leaders, capture and extradition be paid by the Mozambican a new presidential candidate. economic crisis aggravated including Nyusi, invented a against Mozambican leaders people and the entire process In any case, the elections will by the scandal of hidden scheme. They created three involved in the scheme. of debt restructuring should be tight. public debts that caused a public companies allegedly Nyusi›s name has not been be immediately suspended by Renamo will enter in the former Mozambican finance for the purpose of maritime released, probably because the Ministry of Economy and game with a new leader who minister to be detained in security by making the he is head of state. Whatever, Finance,» he said. reaps many sympathies, not South Africa, where he is companies profit. The total the revelation completely In turn, the second largest only members of the party, being incarcerated since 29 investment was more than destroyed Nyusi›s name as opposition party, the MDM, while Frelimo, on the other December 2018. 2 billion. The Mozambican well as his party - Frelimo. organized a march that was hand, is in trouble with the At stake is a Mozambican state has secretly issued The opposition has taken very crowded. Demonstrators disclosure of these cases of government scandal that guarantees to international advantage of the situation went to the US embassy corruption. Several calls were consisted of a diversion of investors who have bought and has been registering in Maputo and delivered made to the Mozambican US $ 2.2 billion between the debt securities of a several followers. Ossufo a letter of thanks for the prosecutor›s office to conduct 2013 and 2014. At the time Russian and a British banks, Momade of Renamo said investigation. Both Pilipe an investigation and sentence Nyusi was a defense minister but to date such projects have that the arrest of the former Nyusi and Frelimo have not the offenders, but top Frelimo and the investigation of the not yet been implemented. minister and the request of yet spoken on the subject. leaders, through their power United States of America The reason is that after all others accused of financial The situation is creating a of influence, manipulated the suggests that he was involved money was used individually illicit in the process of hidden malaise within the Frelimo process so that it did not do in the diversion of money and not applied in such debts is confirmation that party itself, with many anything. This was one of the which debts securities have projects. there was a criminal practice members worn out with the reasons that got US starting been bought by many foreign The revelation was made by the leaders of Frelimo results of the investigation. A with the investigation. businessmen, including by the United States that involved in the process that party session is scheduled for Americans who now complain has already sent several should be held accountable. March and reports indicate 2019 Presidential Election: Time for Malawi to Reinvent Its Democracy By Prince Kurupati enerally speaking, uncontentious free, fair and Rather, the Queen of Malawi Africa does not really credible elections. In 2019, who is also the Monarch of Grank high when it Malawi, however, does have the United Kingdom as well comes to fully functional an opportunity to correct past as the greater Commonwealth democracies. However, wrongs and lay a foundation acted as the country’s leader. in spite of this rather for the reinvention of its Besides the Queen, the next unfortunate phenomena, democracy. Before we take a highest person was the there are a few ‘model’ deeper look at the upcoming Governor-General (Sir Glyn democracies on the African Malawi presidential election, Jones), an appointee of the continent. One country which let’s just take a few moments Cabinet of Malawi meaning is definitely not part of this to explore the country’s he also was not directly small clique of African ‘model’ electoral history. elected by the people. democracies is Malawi. It was only after President Mutharika will face formidable challengers in the 2019 elections. Malawi attained her Malawi’s Electoral the adoption of a new independence in 1964 and History constitution in 1966 that of Malawi (all people above the nation of Malawi. The since that time, she literally As briefly alluded to Malawi abolished the position the age of 18). The new new constitution glaringly has described herself as above, Malawi since the of the Governor General and constitution also stated that failed to talk about the issue a democratic country. earliest times (when it subsequently waning the once the people started to of presidential term limits. While the country has attained independence) was power of the Queen that the vote and elect a president, Malawi’s first president indeed implemented some a democracy just in principle post of an executive president a simple majority was all to be elected by the systems which are generally but not in practice. To put was established. This new one needed in order to be National Assembly (as associated with democratic this into perspective, after she post (executive president) confirmed as president-elect. per the stipulations of countries, albeit to a lower attained her independence, was to be first filled by a To this day, this provision the constitution) was extent, Malawi to a larger Malawi for two years from person directly elected by is still in place. The new Hastings Banda. Banda was extent has largely neglected 1964 to 1966 did not have an the National Assembly but constitution also stated that inaugurated on the 6th of to implement some key executive president elected by afterwards, the post was an executive president once July 1966. Hastings Banda tenets of democracy chief the people (as a democratic to be filled by a candidate inaugurated would be given of the Malawi Congress Party among them being holding of government ought to do). directly elected by the people a five-year mandate to lead spent 27 years and 319 days in 22 PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

power thanks to the absence so far, Peter Mutharika is the hearts of many of the presidential term limit looking to win his second and he in political in the Malawi constitution. term in the upcoming campaigns will After Hastings Banda presidential election. definitely use this left office in 1994, Malawi to his advantage. amended its constitution A Tale of Two ‘Warriors’ Past presidents to include provisions for The upcoming Malawi of Malawi presidential term limits. At presidential election has seen considered this point, Malawians had a high number of potential themselves demi- seen the folly of not including candidates expressing gods who holed provisions for presidential their desire to run for the themselves up term limits and as a way of presidency. However, in in obscenely avoiding the mistake they all honesty, in the build-up expensive palaces. Former Vice President Saulos Chilima served under had done during the Banda to the election (at least at However, Peter President Mutharika and is today one of fiercest rivals. reign, Malawi decided to this point), there are two Mutharika in give whoever wanted to frontrunners for the seat. The his first term become the next president two are the incumbent Peter demystified a maximum of two five year Mutharika of the United the presidency. terms in office after which Democratic Front as well Rather than living a new president would be as former president Joyce in the quiet rooms elected. The first president to Banda of the People’s Party. of his palace, be elected using the amended For the incumbent, there he has been a 1994 constitution was Bakili are a number of factors which president for the Muluzi. Bakili Muluzi of the make him a good proposition common man. United Democratic Front was for a lot of voters. First of During his reign, first elected in 1994 and when all, there is the issue of past Malawi has seen his first term came to an end successes. Though in recent a remarkable Former President Joyce Banda is seeking to make a come in 1999, he was re-elected times Peter Mutharika rise in freedoms back. for his second and final term has been embroiled in of expression, use it to his advantage, then second time around and do in office. At the end of his graft scandals namely the something which was he can and will surely gain so, in a ‘good’ way this time. second term, Bakili Muluzi police food scandal, what is unthinkable in the past. a major advantage over his Banda already showed during was succeeded by Bingu wa evidently clear at this point Formerly banned radio rivals. her party’s primaries that Mutharika from the same (away from the ‘allegations’ he stations were allowed to Despite all the factors she is a force to reckon with party (i.e. United Democratic is facing) is that he managed air again while the internet which are in favour of Petr as she garnered 1 183 party Front). Bingu wa Mutharika to wash away the negativity has been opened for all. The Mutharika, he finds himself votes against her little-known effectively served his first towards the government and man himself has also granted facing another determined opponent Leonard Mphidza term from 2004 up to 2009. the country itself brought interviews to a whole host of warrior in the former who polled a paltry 23 votes. In 2009, he was re-elected about by the previous regime TV channels, radio stations president, Joyce Banda. In order to win back the but he could not finish his i.e. the multimillion-dollar as well as online news sites Joyce Banda lost the 2014 trust of the people, Joyce whole term as he died midway «Cashgate» scandal, the and magazines. Through this, election to Peter Mutharika Banda recently unveiled during his reign. Malawi’s biggest financial misconduct Peter Mutharika has certainly largely as a result of the her party manifesto which first female president Joyce by government officials made himself a man of the Cashgate scandal which she largely aims at tackling Banda was elected to finish off uncovered in the country›s people hence his image is was embroiled in as the chief poverty in the country the second term of Bingu wa history. The Cashgate scandal pretty strong. figure. However, her time in which according to Banda Mutharika while awaiting the had totally wiped away public Last but certainly not least, exile gave her enough time “become worse since the PP next presidential elections. confidence in the government Peter Mutharika also has the to prove to Malawians that left office.” Joyce Banda’s Having assumed power on 7 while putting Malawi in a advantage of the incumbency she was not at all involved manifesto also promises “to April 2012, Joyce Banda only precarious position as most of effect on his side. In as much in the Cashgate scandal. restore electricity, education served 2 years and 54 days as its donors were on the verge as this ought not to be an According to her, “she has standards, to build a mining Malawi’s president. of pulling out and stopping advantage as it skews the done nothing wrong and that industry, to restore the In the ensuing elections giving aid to the country. playing field in favour of the allegations against her fledgeling economy, provide (2014 elections), Peter For a country which largely one candidate, past African are politically motivated.” affordable housing to the Mutharika (the incumbent survives on donor funds, such elections including Malawi Therefore, in order to repair poorest and to provide health and younger brother to moves by donors to pull out elections have proved that her image and to prove to the care for all.” former president Bingu would have paralyzed Malawi. the incumbency effect plays people of Malawi that she is Malawi is set to hold its wa Mutharika) was elected For his role in ‘correcting’ a key role in determining the not what they were made to presidential elections in May Malawi’s new president. the mess he inherited, Peter winner of an election hence believe, Joyce Banda wants 2019. Having served just one term Mutharika has certainly won if Peter Mutharika decides to to lead the country for the PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 23 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

24 PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Cameroon Twin Elections: Can Opposition Parties gain more seats? By Boris Esono (Buea-Cameroon)

serving as Speaker since 1992, Cavaye Yeguie has stifled Opposition SDF members protesting in Parliament. The ruling party currently all attempts by Parliament to address burning issues holds a crushing majority. affecting Cameroon. ameroonians will this increase councilor’s term by issues that the populations SDF Party which has hold which has stolen our score of year head to the polls 12 months. said need urgent attention. that mantle since the advent last October 2018 presidential Conce again to elect It will be an uphill task The fallout of the crisis in the of multiparty politics in election”. new municipal councilors for opposition parties and two English speaking regions Cameroon. The MRC’s strong “That is our priority and parliamentarians. The candidate to dislodge the was massive as thousands of showing was seen with them alongside the real and sincere date for the two elections ruling party from their people did not take part in finishing second behind the fixing of the terrible NOSO have yet to be communicated majority but the ruling party the presidential election, a incumbent president Biya in crisis as soon as possible by the Head of state leading is reported to lost grounds situation which might repeat the presidential election-a through inclusive dialogue some politicians to ponder this year with gains on the itself with the two elections. result still disputed by him first, and until it is done make if actually elections will opposition. The Anglophone crisis and his supporters. sure all IDP’s are receiving a take place this year or if it Shortly after the results that has engulfed the two According to Olivier Bibou citizenship assistance. That is does which; municipal or of the presidential election English speaking regions of Nissack, spokesman for why H.E. President Maurice parliamentary election. was made known, a group the country has led to scores Maurice Kamto, “elections Kamto called all compatriots According to Hon. Joseph of opposition parties met of people killed on the part of are usual matters for serious to assist IDPs through the Mbah Ndam of SDF Party, in Douala to brainstorm on the civilians, security forces parties like MRC who are on Ayah Foundation, a call which “elections this year might not ways to approach the next and separatist forces. This a daily basis on the field. But brought $41000 (FCFA 23 hold. It will be difficult when legislative and municipal has led to mass exodus from today, the main goal of the million) just after a month” we still have the Anglophone elections. The meeting hosted the worst hit areas as the party is the NRP (National he added. crisis still going on in the by Eboula Alain of MDP population seeks refuge in Resistance Plan) with the aim In the last elections that South West and North West brought together PURS of other areas. of restoring the truth of the took place on the 30th of Regions”. Serge Espoir Matomba, UPC Teachers and school last 7 October ppresidential September 2013 after it was The municipal and represented by Habiba Issa, administrators have suffered election. That truth is that postponed trice, the ruling parliamentary elections MANIDEM and the FPD the most in this crisis. Several Maurice Kamto was not party gained 148 out of the are set to be contested Party that backed Akere teachers have been murdered, made president out of fraud”. 180 seats, a decrease of 5 this year after they were Muna. “During the meeting, maimed and kidnapped in “….As CRM is concerned, the seats they gained in the 2007 postponed in 2018 with the we set up a mechanism to the past weeks as education page is still open on the fight election. Meantime, the SDF government indicating that enable us create a platform comes under increasing against the electoral hold-up Party gained 2 sates, from it will be difficult to organize for opposition parties to attack in the English speaking of the victory of H.E. Maurice 16 to 18 seats while the MRC the presidential election present a single candidate regions of Cameroon. Over 30 Kamto. That is why our Party of Maurice Kamto alongside municipal and against the CPDM in every schools have been the targets actions today are focus on it”. obtained parliamentary parliamentary elections. It constituency”, Abel Elimbi of violence. Asked whether the MRC representation for the first is not the first time however Lobe, spokesperson for the Party can gain more seats time with one seat. The onus that these two elections group said. The rise of MRC Party than the one they got in is therefore on Maurice are postponed from their The Cameroon Renaissance 2007, he said: “that time will Kamto and the MRC Party original date. Back in 2012, Anglophone crisis Movement, CRM/MRC in come; the time of calculating after a fine showing in the the elections were postponed According to a survey last presidential election has potential seats related to the presidential election to three times until it finally held carried out by the Nkafu policy gained the recognition as next parliamentary election. turn that into gains in both on the 30th of September institute, the Anglophone the main opposition party For now, we are resisting the House and municipal 2013 after the head of state crisis was one of the vital in the country dislodging against the political gang elections. PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 25 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa Rwanda registers over $2 billion worth of investments in 2018 By Jean d›Amour Mugabo “This is evidence that Rwanda is being seen increasingly as a great place to do business, innovate and establish a hub from which to access the continent’s tremendous opportunities. The increased investments registered are a direct result of the initiatives that the Government of Rwanda, through RDB, has put in place to continuously make Rwanda an attractive destination for investment,” he said. In terms of investor facilitation, RDB operates a One Stop Centre for investors. The Centre provides information and services to guide investors through the key steps of starting a President Kagame inaugurating a new Volkswagen assembly plant in Rwanda. business such as registration, wanda registered 173 Domestic investors projects included Andela benefited from her Diapora licenses, immigration, land, investment projects represented 49% of the Software Development’s who have been investing in utilities, environmental Rworth $2.006 billion registered investments, Rwanda based Pan African other countries. clearances as well as tax in 2018, just $6 million above Foreign Direct Investment Hub, a first Tantalum refinery She said the investment and mortgage registration the $2 billion target for the registrations represented by PRG from Macedonia, new increase reflects confidence services. year. 47% while joint ventures local production of a global in the country’s business RDB also offers all investors The figures released by the represented the balance beer brand – Heineken in environment and the Aftercare Services which Rwanda Development Board of approximately 4% of Rwanda by Bralirwa, a large increased capacity of local provide assistance in ensuring (RDB) on Tuesday indicate all investments registered scale fertilizer blending investors which together are that business projects that the 2018 investments during the year. plant in Rwanda by OCP expected to spur the growth are implemented free of increased by $331 million Domestic investment from Morocco, a steel rolling of the joint ventures in the avoidable impediments. RDB or approximately 20% registrations almost doubled mill by MasterSteel from future. has also introduced investor compared to the investments in 2018 compared to 2017 Rwanda, a mosquito bed nets Officials also noted the engagement platforms registered in 2017. when they stood at 28% production plant by Vision impact of good reports about such as the quarterly ‘CEO RDB indicates that of the total while foreign Garments from Rwanda, a Rwanda, citing an example of Forum’ where RDB senior an estimated 26% of the investment represented 62% steel manufacturing plant by World Bank Doing Business management engages with investments registered with joint ventures taking the AARSAL STEEL from India, 2018 which ranked Rwanda business leaders. in 2018 represents remaining 10%. a mineral smelting company 29th globally and second in Another important export oriented projects. RDB statement shows that by Luna Smelter of Rwanda, Africa. The same report has platform, ‘Investor Open Manufacturing, mining, some of the largest investors hospitality development kept Rwanda in the same Day’, aimed at resolving agriculture and agro- in 2018 with investments around Lake Kivu by GEMS positions in 2019. issues faced by investors, is processing accounted for 57% over $70 million included of Rubavu, and mobility RDB Chief Investment offered every Friday and open of investments registered. Emerald Park Ltd, Millennial solutions development by Officer Guy Baron said that to walk-ins. During 2018, Significant investments were Construction Ltd, Rwanda Volkswagen. registered investments in 163 of 209 or 78% of investor also recorded in tourism, Innovation Fund, Jali RDB Chief Executive Rwanda jumped from $398 issues recorded by Aftercare healthcare, business services Transport, and Mara Phones. Officer Clare Akamanzi noted million in 2010 to slightly Services were expediently and ICT. Other notable investment that the country has largely over $2 billion in 2018. resolved.

Call / eMail Us Tel:2404292177, email: [email protected], [email protected] 26 PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs New Year's Message of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission, Moussa Faki Mahamat s 2018 draws to a close, I would like, on Abehalf of the African Union (AU) Commission, to wish a happy and prosperous 2019 to all the citizens and leaders of the continent, as well as to the African diaspora around the world. The year 2018 was marked by further progress in the continental integration process. In January, in Addis Ababa, the Heads of State and Government launched the Single African Air Transport Market (SAATM). The Extraordinary Summit held in March in Kigali saw the opening for signature of the Agreement on the African Continental Free Trade Area Next African Union Summit will address issues surrounding the African Union Passport says Moussa Faki. (AfCFTA) and the Protocol on Free Movement of Persons, obstacles to our citizens’ noting that 2018 saw the with the ongoing work to the livelihoods of its people. Right of Residence and Right movement within their beginning of the development operationalize the African Their reinforcement and the of Establishment. own continent are simply of the second phase of the Space Agency and the Earth need for better outreach to To date, 27 Member States unacceptable. I congratulate Program for Infrastructure Observation Program, ensure they are more widely have joined the SAATM. The those Member States that Development in Africa which aims to help Member known will continue to Agreement on the AfCFTA has have taken measures to ease (PIDA); the acceleration States better manage their engage the attention of the been signed by 49 Member the procedures for the entry of the process towards the natural resources; health Commission. States and has already been of African nationals into their creation of the continental and nutrition; livestock; The quest for peace and ratified by 14 of them, while territories, and urge those electricity market; and the environment and agriculture. security has been a major the Free Movement Protocol, that have not yet done so to operationalization of the In February 2019, the AU, priority for our Union in which garnered 32 signatures, join this growing momentum. African Renewable Energy together with the Food and 2018. It is all the more so as has only one ratification. The I am pleased to stress that, Initiative. To mobilize the Agriculture Organization of our leaders have solemnly Commission will intensify in February 2019, in Addis necessary political support the United Nations (FAO) pledged to do everything its efforts to ensure the Ababa, at the 32nd Summit of for these initiatives and and the World Health possible to silence the guns early entry into force of our Union, the Commission SAATM, I appointed a High Organization (WHO), by 2020, by ending the wars these instruments and the will present, for adoption, Representative to follow up will organize the first ever and other acts of violence that accession of all Member guidelines on the design, on them. international food safety continue to afflict different States to the SAATM. production and issuance of The AU has continued conference in Addis Ababa, parts of our continent and It cannot be stressed enough the African passport, the to work in many other key against the backdrop of cause untold suffering. how crucial integration is materialization of which will areas. Thus, several activities significant progress in the Clearly, achieving this goal for the development of the take us one step closer to the were carried out in sectors as implementation of the 2014 requires renewed efforts on continent and the fulfillment long-held dream of complete diverse as those of education, Malabo Declaration on the part of all our Member of its people’s aspiration to free movement across the science, technology and Accelerated Agricultural States, civil society and other well-being. In this context, continent. innovation, including through Growth and Transformation actors: peace is a global the Commission will continue Investment in the Pan-African University, in Africa. undertaking that requires the to pay particular attention infrastructure is an important the academic mobility These programs are having involvement of all. to the free movement of aspect of continental scheme and research grants; a tangible impact on the In the meantime, I note persons, as the persisting integration. It is worth culture; space development, continent›s development and with satisfaction the progress

Call / eMail Us Tel:2404292177, email: [email protected], [email protected] PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 27 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa Inside Africa made over the past months. to accompany the Comoros to AU technical assistance. conflicts and crises under the to meet the complex and Reconciliation between preserve the hard-won gains The Commission has also African Solidarity Initiative. multidimensional challenges Eritrea and Ethiopia and in the stabilization of the continued to monitor the In 2019, the theme of the it faces. The struggle for other positive subsequent archipelago, in parallel with effective implementation Summit will be devoted to the a more just world and developments in the Horn of the search for a definitive of the African Charter on plight of refugees, returnees greater solidarity, based Africa have proved that peace solution to the issue of the Democracy, Elections and and displaced persons, with on the scrupulous respect is within reach when the Comorian island of Mayotte Governance. In February the aim of scaling up the for international law, will required political will exists. on the basis of international 2019, it will submit to the continental response to this remain a key priority for I look forward to similar legality and relevant AU Summit a draft Protocol phenomenon. the continent. I welcome advances elsewhere on the decisions. on Specific Aspects of the Whether it is to ensure the continued deepening continent, be it Burundi, as I salute the efforts of African Right to Nationality and the development and integration, of the partnership between part of the region›s action civilian and uniformed Elimination of Statelessness promote peace and security, the AU and the United with the support of the AU personnel deployed in in Africa. or strengthen the foundations Nations, as demonstrated and the larger international peace support and counter- African solidarity, whether of good governance, the role of by the signing, in January community; the Central terrorism operations in manifested among states or in women and youth is central. 2018, of a Memorandum African Republic, where we different theaters. From favor of the most vulnerable, It is therefore with renewed of Understanding on the are endeavoring to relaunch Somalia to the Sahel through is one of the fundamental determination that efforts to implementation of Agendas the African Initiative for the Lake Chad Basin, their tenets of Pan-Africanism. promote gender equality and 2063 and 2030, which Peace and Reconciliation; actions and the sacrifices Several AU initiatives African youth empowerment complements the agreement Libya, with the intensification made are admirable. undertaken in 2018 have will be pursued. The concluded in April 2017 in of efforts to convene, under More generally, the goal is been driven by this principle, formation of parity the area of peace and security, the auspices of the AU to anchor peace and stability including the fight against the governments in Ethiopia as well as by the joint actions and the United Nations, in the continent on a lasting Ebola epidemic in the DRC, and Rwanda and, more undertaken in the field by an all-inclusive national basis. It is precisely in this as was the case in West Africa generally, the progress made the AU Commission and the reconciliation conference; perspective that efforts are in 2014, and against other in gender mainstreaming United Nations Secretariat. and Western Sahara, where being made to deepen the diseases in different parts are encouraging steps that Likewise, I welcome the the stalemate in the peace democratization processes, of the continent; support to need to be expanded. The progress made in the process has lasted for far ensure respect for human Member States affected by appointment of an envoy relationship with the EU as too long. I urge the South rights and combat corruption, the fall army worm disaster, and the establishment of an part of the follow-up to the Sudanese stakeholders to which was the theme of which threatens the food and AU Advisory Council for the November 2017 Abidjan definitively close the sad the Summit for the year financial security of millions Youth are also part of this Summit, and look forward to chapter of the violence they 2018, and, more generally, of agricultural producers; the commitment to involve all the successful holding of the inflicted on their own people promote good governance. repatriation, in collaboration segments of our people in Afro-Arab Summit in 2019 in and to resolutely move from The Commission has, in with the International the drive towards continental Saudi Arabia. the rhetoric of peace and 2018, observed fourteen Organization for Migration renewal. At the same time, the AU reconciliation to its actual presidential and legislative and the European Union The year 2018 was marked will remain resolute in the practice. I call for restraint elections, including the recent (EU), of more than 30,000 by repeated attacks against fight against xenophobia and and dialogue in Sudan, elections in Madagascar and African migrants stranded in multilateralism and the racism, which are manifest where the incidents that have the Democratic Republic of Libya and the mobilization institutions that emanate in migration policies in occurred in recent days and Congo (DRC), to assess the of the resources necessary from it. Africa has consistently some parts of the world the regrettable loss of life extent of their compliance for their reintegration into expressed its concern over and whose rise is one of the that has accompanied them with the relevant continental their countries of origin; this situation, which is facets of unilateralism. In are a source of concern. I instruments - some of these and the support provided undermining the ability of this regard, the AU reaffirms renew the AU›s willingness polls have benefited from to countries emerging from the international community its full support for the Global

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28 PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Compact on Migration agreed Niamey. Measures have also take legitimate pride, but With Agenda 2063, Africa the Organization of African to in Marrakesh, Morocco, been taken to strengthen the many challenges persist. has developed a roadmap that Unity. May this centenary this month. representation of women Conflicts and violence remain clearly articulates the path further raise awareness This is the overall context and young people, with the a reality that affects the forward for its emergence. and strengthen the will for in which the institutional introduction of quotas for lives of large segments of The year 2019 offers the a stronger mobilization in reform process of our Union these categories for all posts the African population. The opportunity to move faster a way commensurate with is unfolding. The aim is to at the AU level. Similarly, democratization processes to break the multiple chains today’s exigencies. ensure that the Union is fit the the NEPAD Agency and the promotion of good that hinder the actualisation In conclusion, I would for purpose, can better meet has evolved into an AU governance are still fraught of Africa›s rich potential. like to express my sincere the expectations of African Development Agency. with difficulties. Poverty From this point of view, gratitude to President Paul countries and peoples, and This process will continue and misery are the daily nothing is more decisive than Kagame for the dynamism ensure that Africa speak in 2019. Particular emphasis lot of hundreds of millions the deepening of continental with which he chairs our with one voice on the world will be placed in this regard of people even though the unity. As I have pointed out Union and for his constant stage. Major milestones on the streamlining of the continent is endowed with many times, with unity we are support to the Commission. I have been set in this regard, organs of the Union, the wealth and talent. The voice everything; without it we are look forward to working with particularly in terms of reform of the Commission, of Africa on the international nothing. President Abdel Fattah el- financial autonomy, working and the development of a new stage is still insufficiently The 19th of February 2019 Sisi, who will chair our Union methods and coordination scale of assessment for the taken into account, while will mark the centenary of from next February. with the Regional Economic AU budget. the continent represents the Pan-African Congress, Addis Ababa, 31 December Communities, with the The year 2018 has certainly more than a quarter of the which took place in Paris 2018 first coordination meeting seen significant progress, membership of the United and laid the foundation planned for June 2019, in for which the continent can Nations. stone for the creation of Kenya:Booming informal sector yet forgotten by the government By Samuel Ouma|@journalist_27 ccording to Sir William Arthur ALewis, United Kingdom economist, Informal sector is a livelihood generation within the developing countries. He further referred to informal workers as those who do not have employment security, work security and social security. The informal sector is a playing a significant role in Sub-Saharan Africa. It contributes to a country’s income growth, creation of employment and poverty reduction. In Kenya it has a different name, “Jua Kali” traders, entrepreneurs and compared 2.6 million people Mauritius and South Africa. to the rise of informal sector. meaning fierce sun. The craftspeople. in the formal sector. “In Kenya and Rwanda, 3 “As the formal sector’s name has been derived from The dominion of the sector The United Nation’s out of 4 workers are employed inability-public and private Swahili language. is well known in the East Economic Commission in the informal sector, a cannot absorb the huge The informal workers African country. In the Kenya for Africa in 2011 revealed proportion that increases number of jobs seekers, carry out their activities National Bureau report, that Kenya has the highest to over 80 per cent among informal sector employment by the roadsides or in the informal sector represents informal sector employment women,” said the report. usually drives job creation in streets, sometimes with a whopping 82.7 per cent of compared to Rwanda, The study linked formal most countries,” added the shelter, sometimes not. They employment. The sector has Uganda, Tanzania, Egypt, sector’s inability to absorb the report. comprise of small-scale employed 13.3 million people Liberia, Madagascar, huge number of jobs seekers In 2014, the sector PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 29 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa employed 11.8 million unlike is caused by tribalism and the country as well as sector. a shopkeeper in Mombasa 2.4 million in the formal nepotism. Leaders also purchased by the tourists. It Many businesses require town, disclosed to us on sector according to data from pocket funds earmarked for facilitates decentralization less money to start thereby phone. Kenya’s Economic Survey inception of projects which since Jua Kali is widespread creating more chances and Prevailing conditions also 2015. Out of 799,700 jobs when established can jobs to across the country. attracting more people to make most trading activities created, 693,400 were in the ordinary citizens. Drop in crime activities venture into the sector as under informal sector flexible informal sector. High population growth has been witnessed as many sources of employment which which acts a motivating factor Grey economy is doing is also to be blamed. Rapid young people get absorbed are not available in formal to many people. For example, well in reduction of population growth rate is in sector. Some business sector due to high capital hawkers selling umbrellas unemployment which has incompatible to the new opportunities have opened needed. when it is raining and hawk fluctuated over the past few opportunities generated up. There are brokers and “To start this business Christmas trees during festive years. Rate of unemployment every year. Research shows middlemen who have created I only needed Ksh.5, season. in Kenya stands at 39.1per that seven million Kenyans a business of sourcing parts 000 (USD $50). My first Individuals operating cent as one out of five youths are unemployed and the and goods to sell to small and tools were hammer, tape informal activities do not are unemployed despite the number is expected to mid-sized enterprises. measure; hand saw, two incur much in running their influx of fresh graduates in increase in future due to high There is also provision pieces of wood. In the first businesses which is a great the job market. rate of giving birth. of certain goods at a cheap few months I encountered encourage some to venture High rate of unemployment Federation of Kenya price. The master craftsmen severe challenges but now into such opportunities. is attributed to the following Employers, employers’ lobby, produce high quality goods things are well. I possess all Expenses such as bills of factors; Inappropriate has decried over the rise of for fewer funds. It is not the tools a carpenter should water, electricity, telephone education system which informal sector compared necessary for one to purchase have and customer base has and maintenance costs are prepares people to be job to formal due to poor large and expensive machines increased,” Jack Wafula, a history. seekers instead of job employment policies. The to produce the same quality carpenter working in Nairobi creators. The emphasis on lobby’s CEO Jacqueline, “The work as the large companies. revealed to the Pan African Challenges white collar jobs in schools policies are not helping the Visions. Despite its significant role and higher institutions of informal businesses to transit What prompts Kenyans “Change is inevitable. My in economic growth to the learning has imparted a belief into established formal to venture into informal husband’s salary was not country, the informal sector in youth that without securing businesses and also to small sector? enough to sustain us. One day activities are hindered by an excellent employment formal businesses to grow There are several reasons he left me Ksh.300 (USD$30) inadequate capital since the opportunity they cannot and become big business. why majority of Kenyans have for food and since I was left operators do not get funding make it in life. The system is Further, many companies opted to focus in the informal alone after children had gone from government, rapid portraying informal jobs to be have instead laid off staff sector. First, it has no legal to school I opted not to buy changes in technology, lack for those who have not gone while others while others requirement and taxation. food. I rushed to market and of social and economic cover to school. have all together closed shop Majority of the businesses bought three bars of soap and protection, inadequate Another factor is in Kenya”. are not registered by the and sold to my neighborhood security and adverse weather corruption. Kenyans led Apart from employment, government making it easy and by evening I had a profit condition. by leaders are among the grey economy has contributed to start and run. They are of Ksh.100 (USD$100). The most corrupt in the globe. to country’s foreign exchange also exempted from paying trend continued and that You can hardly find a job as some products from the tax unlike other businesses is how this business came without connections which sector are exported outside which operate under formal about,” Faith Nyambura,

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The Ministry of Tourism, certificates. The international Arts Culture here in Ghana, organisation for Migrations is spearheading plans and report for 2018 reveals over the commemoration of ‘The 700 Ghanaians return home Year of Return, Ghana 2019, voluntarily from both the in partnership with the Africa continent and Europe. Office of Diaspora Affairs However checks from Centre (Office of the President), the for Returnees in Ghana have it Panafest Foundation and that, about 1000 applications the Adinkra Group of USA. are currently being process As part of the programme for African Diaspora of for the celebration, the Enslaved Descent (ADED) maiden edition of the “This and the Ghanaian emigrants Is New Africa” (TINA) Kente who have lost their citizenship Festival was held from 2nd - based on the acquisition 4th January, 2019. The aim of another nationality that of the annual TINA festival does not accommodate dual is to promote the African citizenship. It added in 2016, continent and Ghana in 34 people were successfully particular; through music integrated into the Ghanaian and creative arts which system and figures are likely is becoming a catalyst for to shoot up, saying the tourism and investment. The process so far has received new African sound, Afrobeats positive feedback. History is fast becoming a force to be August 2019 marks 400 reckoned with in the global unfolding other events such tells Jessica Ahedor Aside that Ghana has long fancied years since the anchoring of music scene. as Nation Builders Day on the sentimental reasons; the and championed. The country an English ship in Jamestown, Global Afrobeats superstar the 2nd January, 2019 at return of the African diaspora has hosted the biennale Virginia carrying a small Fuse ODG is the originator Akosombo School, one of is economically pragmatic PANAFEST/Emancipation group of enslaved Africans. of the TINA festival. He uses Ghana’s premier schools for Ghana. Tourism could Day celebration since 1992 While African slaves had been his music and influence to that has churn out influential add $5 billion to Ghana’s and in 2001, the Right of in other parts of the Americas promote Ghana and Africa people in the country and economy by 2027, a prospect Abode law was passed, giving region (including the United in a way that has never been abroad. Followed by Global the government is looking anybody of African ancestry States) before 1619, that done before in Ghanaian Diaspora Conference to explore. The government in the Americas, the right to year is widely regarded History. He is also helping the and Exhibition on 3rd is also not losing sight of stay in Ghana indefinitely. On as the commencement of rise of Afrobeats worldwide January, 2019 at the Accra the investment potential the occasion of Ghana’s 50th the African slave trade to through commitment to International Conference and human capital of the independence anniversary North America. In all, the re-educate how Africa is Centre (AICC), Accra) and highly educated “returnees” in 2007, the Joseph Project Transatlantic slave trade perceived in the world. climax by TINA Music like Kambon, who decide to launched to also encourage from Africa to the New World According to Fuse ODG, Festival on the 4th January, move permanently to Ghana. the descendants of enslaved lasted four centuries (1444- TINA festival is a platform 2019 at the Fantasy Done, Earlier, the President Nana Africans to return. 1888) and involved nearly to unite the global African Trade Fair, Accra. Akufo-Addo in October, In December 2016, all the European powers. family (Diaspora), home and The event saw Speakers declared 2019 as “The Year 34 ‘returnees’ became When Brazil became the last abroad to experience our for the global diaspora of Return”, launching a series Ghanaians in a neutralisation country to abolish the slave culture and heritage so that conference and exhibition of programs that would ceremony attended by the trade in 1888, an estimated we can tell our own story and acts like Yaba Nkrumah seek to encourage people then president John Mahama. 17 million African women and change global perceptions (Political Activist), Fuse of African ancestry to make “I have only restored to men had been seized from the about Africa and Ghana in ODG, Reggie Yates (BBC the“birthright journey home you what rightfully belongs continent and transported particular. TV Broadcaster), Ama K. for the global African family.” to you and was painfully to plantations across the The festival was held at Abebrese (Actress), Chaka The idea of a homecoming taken away,” president Americas a conservative Ghana’s iconic venue, the Bars and many. The sector of “our brothers and sisters” Mahama said after handing figure that UNESCO admits Trade Fair Centre-La, Accra, Minister Catherine Afeku who were taken away is one out the naturalization excludes the many who died 32 PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Prize in 1950) and Mordecai Small scale farmers in Johnson (the first African American president of Zimbabwe to benefit Howard University) attended Ghana’s Independence Day from carbon balanced celebration on Mar. 6, 1957. Nkrumah and Ghana smart agriculture made a huge impression on Martin Luther King, which training later inspired one of his famous sermons “Birth of By Wallace Mawire a Nation’upon his return to the US. Malcolm X and Muhammad Ali also made high profile visits to the country years later. The black star on the national flag is inspired by the Black Star Line shipping company founded by pan-Africanist orator Marcus Garvey, which had the grand ambition of facilitating the return of African Americans to the mall scale farmers from to adjust to changing climatic motherland. Accra has also Mashonaland Central and agricultural conditions. been home to black American Sprovince of Zimbabwe It is reported that as an thinkers and exiles such as are set to benefit from a integrated part of the training, Maya Angelou (for three supported training project the farmers are organized years along with her son in sustainable agriculture around exploring and sharing Guy), Sylvia Boone (the practices to equip them with water resources, securing first tenured black woman knowledge they can use to inputs, and marketing their 2019, The Year Of Return, Ghana To Accommodate professor at Yale University), adjust to changing climatic produce. General knowledge African-Americans And Africans In The Diaspora Julian Mayfield, W.E.B Du and agricultural conditions. and skills within nutrition, says Pres. Akufo-Addo. Bois and George Padmore, all According to Tonderai health and community on the way and were thrown In some ways, it was a driving of whom lived and worked in Chikono, Funding and development are included as into the high seas. Many of force for him to return home Ghana. Du Bois and Padmore Partnerships Specialist essential components. the enslaved Africans came in 1947 and eventually are buried in the city and for Development Aid from According to Chikono, the from West Africa and the become the lead architect of their homes are now public People to People (DAPP), the farmers’ clubs programme present-day nation of Ghana Ghana’s independence the libraries.But even before this project organized community is a system of coop¬eration was a significant place of first sub-Saharan African period, Accra had long been members into farmers’ that empowers farmers to origin. country to break free from home to the Tabon people, clubs, which are functioning increase their pro¬duction European colonialism. a group of African slaves in as models and catalysts to and improve their livelihoods. Birth of a Nation President Kwame Nkrumah Brazil who returned after organize rural small-scale The farmers learn to execute Right from the founding speaking at the White House a popular slave rebellion. farmers around production conservation and organic of the modern nation, on Mar. 8, 1961 The civil The Tabons arrived in Accra and cooperation and around farming methods, implement early Ghanaian leaders rights movement in the in 1820s and 1830s and climate change. crop diversification on their led by the first president United States was also at their descendants have fully “They will showcase the own land and es¬tablish or Kwame Nkrumah preached its height and many black assimilated into Ghanaian power of rural farmers to live increase vegetable production pan-Africanism, one that American leaders at the time social and political life. a positive and empowered and garden farming. transcended the shores of felt a connection to this new life, one that serves as an Low-cost technology continental Africa. As a black African country that had Black Mecca example to others,” Chikono farming methods are student in 1930s and 1940s gained self-determination in Positioning Ghana as said. in¬troduced and farmers America, Nkrumah saw a largely peaceful manner. the home of global Africa He said that DAPP is using learn to better and more at first hand the racism 5Leading civil rights leaders and the place for a spiritual its farmers’ club model to train sustainably utilize local water black Americans endured including Martin Luther and journey of self-discovery has 2,000 small-scale farmers resources. Animal husbandry and it radicalized his Coretta Scott King, Ralph been an idea promoted by in sustainable agriculture is also introduced to increase own consciousness about Bunche (the first person of governments since Nkrumah. practices and to equip them sources of protein based on Africanness and blackness. color to win the Nobel Peace with knowledge they can use sustainable sound methods PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 33 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa one that serves as an example to others. According to Chikono, it is reported that by the end of the training, participants were able to use the EX- ACT tool and were also able to understand the nexus between climate change and agriculture, explain the concept of a carbon balance, apply the EX-ACT tool for a simple application and to analyze and utilize EX-ACT results. The training was covered under a five day period per district which included Gutu and Mutasa.The training was divided into six modules which included land use change, crop production and of raising animals on crop in rural areas in Zimbabwe. projects, programmes and all agricultural sub-sectors, management, grassland and waste. The farmers learn The philosophy is to have the policies on the carbon- including besides others livestock, land degradation about budgeting, planning, local farmers appreciate the balance. The carbon-balance projects on climate change and inputs and further measuring outcomes, impact of their lifestyles to is defined as the net balance mitigation, sustainable land investments. and how to buy and sell the climate change debacle from all greenhouse gases management, watershed Also the modules cooperatively. and how important is their (GHGs) expressed in CO2 development, production encompass the general The UNEP funded decisions and practices at low equivalent that were emitted intensification, food security, description of the project Sustainable lifestyles among level in the fight against the or sequestered due to project livestock, forest management such as geographic rural families in Zimbabwe: same. implementation as compared or land use change. It is area, climate and soil Small-scale conservation The project has been to a business-as-usual reported to be cost effective, characteristics and duration farming to change lifestyles implemented by the Ministry scenario. requires a compared small of the project, identification in Africa and beyond project of Lands, Agriculture, EX-ACT is a land- amount of data, and has of changes in land use and aims at developing and Water, Climate and Rural based accounting system, resources such as tables and technologies foreseen by replicating sustainable Resettlement and has trained estimating C stock changes maps which can help finding project components using lifestyles, including low the project staff together (i.e. emissions or sinks of CO2) the required information. specific “modules” such as carbon lifestyles in rural with AGRITEX officers as well as GHG emissions It is also added that while deforestation, forestation, Zimbabwe as a way of using the trainer of trainers per unit of land, expressed EX-ACT is mostly used at forest degradation, annual/ starting from the grassroots approach in the use of EX- in equivalent tonnes of CO2 project level, it may easily be perennial crops, rice up to policy levels, bottom- ACT as a decision making per hectare and year. The up-scaled to the programme/ cultivation, grasslands, up approach in mitigating tool. The trained officers will tool helps project designers sector level and can also be livestock, inputs, energy the impact of climate change champion the training of the to estimate and prioritize used for policy analysis. and the computation of through carbon balanced 2,000 farmers and the use project activities with high The project organized C-balance. smart agriculture. of the tool in the everyday benefits in economic and community members into Also the training opened The overall objective is agriculture decision making. climate change mitigation Farmers’ Clubs, which are with an extra module to accelerate the transition The Ex-Ante Carbon- terms. The amount of GHG functioning as models and Agriculture and Climate toward sustainable and low balance Tool (EX-ACT) mitigation may also be used catalysts to organize rural Change which focused on the carbon lifestyles in Africa. is an appraisal system as part of economic analyses small-scale farmers around establishment of the accurate Its specific objective is developed by Food and as well as for the application production and cooperation, understanding of the concept to promote and replicate Agriculture Organisation for additional project funds. and around climate change. of climate change. sustainable farming, (FAO) providing estimates EX-ACT can be applied They will showcase the power adaptation and mitigation of the impact of agriculture on a wide range of of rural farmers to live a to climate change and living and forestry development development projects from positive and empowered life,

Pan African Visions MAGAZINE, 7614 Green Willow Court, Hyattsville,MD 20785 Tel:2404292177, email: [email protected], [email protected]

34 PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Five African Women Who Should Have Been on 2018's Forbes Power Women List By Liz Grossman Every year, Forbes African women on past lists, publishes its list titled: ‘The such as Folorunso Alakija, Dr World›s 100 Most Powerful Joyce Banda, Ngozi Okonjo- Women’. The women on Iweala, Ameena Gurib Fakim, this list are some of the Gail Kelley (the only African most intelligent, resilient woman to ever be named in and influential leaders of the top 10, #8 of 2010), and today, making their mark others. However this year, in the world in all fields I would like to suggest six including politics, business, African women to consider philanthropy, media, for the Power Women List. technology and finance. They Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka are creating solutions for is the United Nations some of the world›s biggest Under-Secretary-General problems and leaving lasting and Executive Director of legacies along the way. UN Women, a position she Members of the 2018 has held since August 2013, Most Powerful Women expanding the agency to raise list represent women in the most revenue in its history six categories: business and provide financing for (27 honorees), technology almost 50,000 beneficiaries (18), finance (12), media & globally. She boasts over entertainment (16), politics & 83,000 followers on Twitter, policy (22), and philanthropy speaking engagements on (5). Combined, the ‘Power some of the the world’s most Women’ control or influence influential stages, and sets nearly $2 trillion in revenue the policy agenda for gender and oversee 5 million equality in the core of the employees. United Nations. She uses her While I know this list is Liz Grossman. experiences as an active leader highly competitive and the impact, analyzed both within $500 billion (Walmart) Machel, Winnie Mandela, in the anti-apartheid struggle women on the list all deserve the context of each woman’s to $242 billion (Berkshire Joice Mujuru, Lillian Ngoyi in South Africa, as well as the honor, there is a serious field (media, technology, Hathaway). These simple and Albertina Sisulu, to the serving in some of the highest problem when it comes to business, philanthropy/ numbers and economic modern historical figures positions of government, diversity. Just look at the NGOs, politics, and finance) imbalance alone may explain such as former female including Deputy President, numbers: North America has and outside of it. why so few African women Presidents Ellen Johnson to influence the lives of all 50 women represented, Asia Criteria number one, make it on the Power 100 Sirleaf, Dr Joyce Banda, women across the world. and the Pacific has 22, Europe money, can place African list, but it is reductionist to Ameenah Gurib Fakim and With a glowing career in has 24, (with the United women at a disadvantage. defining power in terms of Catherine Samba Panza. civil society, government, Kingdom boasting 7 from that According to the IMF, in money. Business women like Njeri policy making, and number), the Middle East has 2017 Nigeria had the largest Power can be defined as Rionge from Kenya, Sibongile advocacy, Obiageli 3, and only one in Africa at nominal GDP of any African the ability or right to control Sambo from South Africa are Ezekwesli spearheaded position 97, the newly minted country at $376 billion, but people and events, or to running multi million dollar the #BringBackourGirls President of Ethiopia Sahle- ranks 30th globally, with influence the way people enterprises. We must also Campaign, creating a global Work Zewde. most African countries act or think in important praise countries like Rwanda, movement to insist on Of course, picking the trailing far behind. The top ways. African women have for having the most number returning the Chibok Girls Power Women is no easy feat. ten African businesses range historically been influential of women represented . More than one million Forbes uses four metrics every from $58 billion (Sonatrach) leaders, dating back to the 17th in parliament. African people, including the former year 1) money (net worth, in revenue to $8 billion century with Queen Nzinga women leaders are resilient, First Lady of the United company revenues, assets, or (Imperial Holdings), none from Angola, through to the influential and changing their States, Michelle Obama GDP); 2) traditional, digital of which have a female CEO. struggles for independence by societies and the world. And have tweeted the hashtag. and social media presence; 3) Fortune’s top ten global women like Yaa Asaantewa, they wield significant power. HBO has recently released spheres of influence; and 4) companies range from over Rose Chibambo, Graça Forbes has recognized a documentary on two of PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 35 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa the girls, which is a result of this campaign. She was a 2018 nominee for the Nobel Peace Prize for her work in transparency in the extractive sector. She is currently running for President of Nigeria, and using her global platform to disrupt Nigeria’s politics of failure, as evidenced by her interview with CNN’s Christine Amanpour, and through a strategic campaign targeting young Nigerians. Tsitsi Masiyiwa is a Zimbabwean philanthropist and social entrepreneur who has devoted much of her life to empowering the lives of young people through UN Women Executive Director Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka. education and technology. She and her husband, sought after philanthropist the private sector, Amina initiative, women’s health, celebrities. Boz’s work has billionaire Strive Masiyiwa, and speaker, serving on served in government under and developing future African been featured on superlative founded the Higher Life boards such as the Global three Nigerian Presidents, political leaders through lists including Billboard Foundation in response to Philanthropy Forum, PATH, including as Minister of the African Women Leaders Magazine›s list of top women the AIDS crisis, and now the Giving Fund and the the Environment, before Network. in music, Fast Company›s 100 provide education, access to End Fund, where she uses joining the United Nations A top executive hailing most creative people, and the technology, and healthcare her expertise to influence as Ban Ki-Moon’s advisor on from Ghana with a career Hollywood Reporter’s 2018 in Zimbabwe, South Africa, decisions about major the post-2015 Development spanning PepsiCo, Apple, Women in Entertainment Burundi and Lesotho. philanthropic investments agenda. Sharing stages with Uber and now Endeavor, Power 100. At the 2018 BET Every year, the Higherlife globally. major world leaders, she Bozoma “Boz” St John is Awards, she encouraged Foundation provides 20,000 Amina J Mohammed is working to better share disrupting music, pop culture entertainers and executives scholarships for African serves as the Under Secretary the humanitarian work of and business as we know to use their platforms to students, and gives 600,000 General of the United the United Nations, and it. She was the mastermind advance various agendas, students a month access to Nations, the second in encourage reforms within behind Beyonce’s Superbowl and use their power for good, education through the Ruzivo command of the entire UN the system, including Halftime show in 2013, She also sits on the board online learning platform system, with a budget of on climate change, the and created Apple Music’s of Vital Voices, an powerful they developed. Tsitsi is a $5.4 billion. After years in Every Woman Every Child ad campaign with black international organization identifying women leaders and supporting their visions.

I encourage everyone to keep an eye on these women, as well as the growing movement of African women leaders both on the continent and across the globe. As Africa continues to produce top talent, as nations grow, and policies are written and implemented invest heavily in women and girls, I am confident the Forbes Power Women list will become more geographically balanced and reflect this growth. Tsitsi Masiyiwa. 36 PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs LIONHEART: THE STORY OF CULTURE By Ngozi Noblin

the Lionheart transportation won’t be able to handle the representing the Hausa and company. Chief Obiagu (Pete company, but that was the Igbo identities came together Edochie) could have chosen opposite. Adanne was very to achieve ONE common a non-member of the family determined and preserved goal. We have our differences to replace him during his all through the dark times in terms of culture, but most absence rather he chose his trying so hard without letting times we have to look unto brother who knows little or her age nor gender come in the similarities, which is the nothing about the company; between her goal, which is fact we are NIGERIAN, we however, we could see in saving the family legacy. I are same color and finally the movie that his brother strongly believe that if women the fact we are humans and Godswill (Nkem Owoh) even are given more opportunities we are supposed to share with little or no knowledge in the Igbo community there love amongst ourselves and about the company and its will be more positive changes work towards achieving entities worked so hard with in the community. one common goal which is her niece Adaeze (Genevieve The next aspect of the developing Nigeria. The both Nnaji) to revive the company, story roots in the importance families, the family of Alhaji which is the spirit of Igbo of good deeds. In as much Danladi Maikano and Chief people. No matter how hard it as Adaeze and her uncle Ernest Obiagu focused more turns out to be, no matter how worked diligently in saving on their similarities instead little knowledge we possess the company, the good of their differences, and we all Ngozi Noblin. about any situation we are deeds of Godswill (Nkem saw how fruitful it turned out ionheart isn’t just could easily think it is their surrounded with Igbo people Owoh) contributed towards to be for both families. a movie, it is an real lives. always find a way out. We are building the foundation of Finally, I believe that Levolutional growth of Having talked about the very determined and driven the relationship between language is the only key that Nollywood. Nollywood has skillful act of the cast and by the story of our ancestors, two cultures (the Hausa and provides access to our culture come a very long way, and crew let me discuss the so we preserve through every the Igbo). This movie shows and traditions, and the usage Lionheart is one of the very aspects of the movie, which situation no matter how bad that we should learn to be of Igbo language in the movie many proofs of how strong surrounds culture, the act of it turns out to be. nice and honest to people is the crown that fits perfectly we have invested everything good deeds and the success In addition, the story regardless of one’s language, well unto the story; this helps treasurable to us including of ONE NIGERIA. Lionheart shared in Lionheart brings culture, gender, status etc, and contributes greatly in time in growing one of the is centered around the us to the next aspect of Igbo which brings me towards promoting the Igbo language, strongest economical revenue Igbo culture; Family is an culture, which probably not discussing the next aspect which my organization (Igbo in Nigeria. important institute in the lives everyone will agree with me. of the movie, which is ONE Amaka Cultural Institute) Amidst the incredible of every Igbo person. The Igbo This aspect of our culture NIGERIA. Regardless of works diligently in promoting story of family legacy comes culture and tradition believes is the role of women in the the ethnic groups we come the language as well as the the intelligence in technical that every relationship stems Igbo community. Women from, as long as we recognize culture. and acting skill of the cast from family. Our perspective are believed not to be brave the advantages of coming *Ngozi Noblin is a student and crew. The cast, which and view of family as a enough to take up challenges, together as ONE NIGERIA of Medicine and President were paramount of old unit is very different from we are given the back seat we could build our very own of the Igbo Amaka Cultural actors once again reminded the western world; to the in every situation and we DUBAI in Nigeria. As seen in Institute us how far Nollywood western world family means play behind the scenes. We the movie- the both families has come in her growth; one father, one mother and saw this in the movie when furthermore, the old actors child(ren); however, in Igbo Adaeze Obiagu (Genevieve displayed their exceptional culture family is structured Nnaji), who wanted to skills thereby educating the by including the extended replace her father, Ernest new actors especially the part of the family not just Obiagu (Pete Edochie), young generation that being the immediate part of the when he wasn’t able to run an actor is not about the family and your business is his company due to health fame rather it is ability to everyone’s business. This part issues; instead her father interpret one’s role(s) in an of the culture was seen in the asked his brother Godswill extraordinary manner. The movie when Chief Obiagu got (Nkem Owoh) to replace him. actors in the movie, especially his brother to replace him due Chief Obiagu (Pete Edochie) Nollywood veterans like Nkem Owoh joined the old actors interpreted to his health issues, which thought Adanne being that established names like Genevieve Nnaji in the their roles with ease that one was also a critical time for he’s young and a woman movie which got lucrative deal with Netflix. PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 37

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38 PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Sierra Leone: Unbending Leadership pushing Anti -Corruption Commission To Step Up Its Game By Uzman Unis Bah

he Sierra Leone summit on the theme Anti-Corruption “Winning the Fight TCommission (ACC) against Corruption: has taken robust steps to A Sustainable cripple corruption in the Path to Africa’s country; the stout and robust Transformation”; leader of the ACC, Francis Ben revealed his Kaifala, is very resolution; determination to bolting with an unwavering fighting corruption mindset to prosecute all those and how Africa should who have a corrupt whiff. take this matter very The ACC under the seriously. astute leadership Francis He stated that based has achieved great on agreements already accomplishments within made with suspects, the a short-term. For the first Commission is expected time the Afro Barometer to recover a further Le Corruption Perception 5,000,000,000 (Five plunged from over 70% in Billion Leones) and 2015 to an all-time low of over $ 700,000 (Seven 43%. The ACC under the new Hundred Thousand boss presented a cheque of Dollars) in the next six 7,578,449.077 (Seven Billion months. He noted that Five Hundred and Seventy- the impressive recovery Eight Million Four Hundred is happening against and Forty-Nine Leones and the backdrop that this Seventy-Seven Cent) to year the country was the president as part of the able to pass the control recovery of stolen public of corruption on the funds. Millennium Challenge The president, in his new Cooperation with a score year’s address, said “The New of 71% compared to 49% Year promises to be a year of in the previous year. hard work as we progress into “Apart from the the next trajectory. We look hospital, we will use forward to the actualization monies recovered to of a special court that will try build a new office for corruption cases that have the ACC that will be stocked up in the court. We symbolic. Going into hope that we will be able the New Year, I have to further improve on our reasons to smile because mandate as we move towards you are delivering the New Year. Already, on my promise to we have recorded 100% fight corruption. I am convictions of our cases in extremely happy for court and we are going to you. This is a new Sierra have more convictions….” Leone and we are heading Bio said he was extremely work by the ACC provided recovered by the ACC would President Bio at for a beautiful destination,” pleased with the efforts by the hope that the country was be used to construct a medical African Union Summit in President Bio affirmed. ACC to end corruption in the moving in the right direction. diagnostic center for Sierra Mauritania addressed the On his part, President country, saying the relentless He disclosed the monies Leoneans. PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 39 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa Zimbabwe’s Traditional Rulers Stepping Up Plans to Advise Mnangagwa on role of African Customs & National Rituals To Resolve Crisis By Nevson Mpofu

A spiritual and ritual gang in December in Filabusi. of African customs belief, He pointed out that the Zimbabwean Traditional discussions also cryptically Healers have dedicated hovered on the issue of the themselves to step up a party to move a step towards campaign under the theme taking heed to tradition and Restoring the Tradition and culture of Africa looking Culture of the African Land. specifically at Zimbabwe. The call was made recently by ‘’The idea we are taking off a group of traditional healers from the ground emanated under ZINATHA, Zimbabwe from the talks which were Traditional Healers done at the congress. There Association. are some traditional leaders The Association is vividly who were at the congress. vitiating a plan to meet the They actually picked up the President of the Republic of marvellous idea. Zimbabwe His Excellency ‘’ We certainly pin our hope Emmerson Dambudzo. They on Emmerson Mnangagwa are cock assured he is ready to whom we know obviously take off from the ground their is aware of the story behind ideas and advice. The ideas long overdue unvisited since .Also the hurl of anger of the economy to settle steady Zimbabwe’s serious economic have been welcome by several Revolutionary and Liberation flaring spirits of the dead in productive results in and political problems. community leaders, spirit struggles emancipated the the whole of the submerging economic view he was This is not just economic mediums and some African whole of Africa. The whole Motherland should be referring to failure of and political, but social in values cherishing people. of Africa is said to be still assuaged pain by performing the Economic Structural the sense of humanitarian The idea resonates on colonised spiritually. We are rituals of Africa’s ancient Adjustment Program which aspects. the centre of addressing in a new dynamic World fore- culture . was launched in the late ‘’People are suffering. This tradition and culture of fathers of Africa never lived ‘’The main objective of decade of the 80s by the kind of life faced by the nation African perspectives focusing in. They are angry because the Restore Tradition and then Minister of Finance as a whole affects the World on Zimbabwe’s cultural they died after having culture of the African people and Economic Planning Dr as well because Zimbabweans relics and vestiges which suffered hostility of erstwhile is mainly meant to create a Bernard Chidzero the late . are now everywhere around were ignored, vacated and European colonisers who driving force to propel the Apart from that, several the World. They need to abandoned since 1980. hoodwinked them holding economy at large. political turmoil headed come back, work in their Traditional Healer Prince the Bible, with Trade in mind ‘’No one doubts that by the Military under the own country and develop Sibanda, Secretary for and holding the gun. the Zimbabwean issue is auspices of Robert Mugabe their land. They must die Education in ZINATHA said This, in the long run, they spiritual. This is heavily had pervaded the country peacefully in their own land the main reason why they want it to be a norm for the manifested by a strong wave in what was known as rather than struggling being want to meet Mnangagwa whole continent to liberate of disturbing events since the Gukurahundi . It left 20,000 out as diasporas as it is said’’, settles the dust hovering on Africa spiritually. There year 2000 at the height of the people dead and some he concluded. the centre of the Economy is a feeling roaming in a Land Reform Program. maimed in the Midlands In confirmation to the which has had challenges triangle that of the bones of ‘’At the same time, let us and Matabeleland Provinces story of tradition and culture, since 2000. the Revolutionary dead are not forget that there were where the massacres took Nelson Chamisa believed to In other words they are turning in their graves in problems in the spectrum place between 1980 and be a faith possessed person pushing for sundry spates of Africa. Even those Africans of the social, economic 1987 before signing of Unity by Prophet Blessing Chiza rituals with the goals, visions who died which in other and political spheres. The According of Faith In God Ministries and mission to spread the continents like America Government had already The Healer revealed also Eagle Life Assembly, the voice of reviving the spirit and Europe , their bones failed on many occasions. that the idea cooked out of Opposition Leader at the of African cultural and are turning in their graves Sibanda in terms of the aftermath of the ZANU centre of controversy in the traditional values. These have that is if they died for Africa subsequent failure of the PF Congress held last year hurl of anger after losing the 40 PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs 2018 Presidential election is and tradition. also in support of the idea. ‘’There were supposed to He actually has not spoken be rituals which would have in open strongly about it but made all difficulties pass a source who spoke to the away. Maybe some problems Pan-African-Vision in call for would have been visited and anonymity said the Leader blown by the wind. The whole is having prayers day and story must have been solved night to appease evil spirits by Robert Mugabe when he inflicting the country. came to power in 1980. ‘’Yes. I certainly know that ‘’These Revolutionary Chamisa is aware of this. For people of ZANU PF led the sure he has something in country to Independence but mind pertaining the ongoing it was through the powers crisis. However, this is no of the spirits of the Land of longer a secret because he AFRICA. I say so because is having long day and night they were helped by some prayers to assuage pain of the other countries like Zambia, Protestors gather on the streets during demonstrations over the hike in fuel people of Zimbabwe. This has Ghana, Tanzania and prices in Harare. been going on for long. Do Mozambique. They consulted we need to hide the truth in spirit mediums whom they shaded a little ray of light to practical ones. gathered owing attention to daylight yet the nation is in later dumped with shame and this. He took a slight move On the disturbing forces the death of thousands of chaos?’’ lack of honour’’. to clear the air when he was waylaying the economy down sons and daughters in the Prophet Chiza added that ‘’What is it that has been contacted by the Pan-African- the truth in spiritual terms Revolutionary and Liberation the only person who had done to appease the freedom Visions. The Chief revealed is that of an example of how struggle in Mozambique at the keys of the Kingdom of fighters who liberated the that rituals had been done on even African families are Chimayo. Some bones of Zimbabwe is Nelson Chamisa country. The true heroes are several occasions. hindered and shadowed by the dead were excavated in of Opposition MDC T. He dead. They never got what ‘’What I can only say in evil demons. This, they said is some parts of the country even prophesised that Nelson others got. They died for brief is rituals have been true and proved from a family and repatriated to their Chamisa will rule the country. nothing. They left families going on but they are not perspective. The Zimbabwean original homes. A good Further to the escalating struggling. That is the reason part of the media and the issue has become interesting example is of the Chibondo point he talked of the need for why we have these problems’’, nation at large. This is just in that the ball of challenges case in Mt-Darwin. Some talks before it is too late. The Old woman of spiritual for the Government to look at continue rolling at the rituals were performed at the ‘’I will end by saying that powers in healing concludes secretly. If in the near future expense of millions of place and around the area. there is need for talks between Mnangagwa and Charumbira there is reason or reasons to Zimbabweans touching all Some were done at Chimoyo the two parties before it is too could be the only men to solve announce then it can be made corners of the Globe. , Nyadzona and Tembere . late. These talks will make the the problem. She reiterated public. But, let it be as it is at Currently according to The death of people through country move well. If these that the only people who are the moment ‘’. He said. IOM and ZIMSTAT, there are brutal massacres occurred are not done, then we are as a responsible in resolving the approximately 4 and above several occasions since nation down forever because crisis are those who died for The Economy versus the millions of Zimbabweans 1980 especially during the country will sink ‘’. this country. long story of African leaving outside their country. elections. Everything has The Writer took it for deep ‘’There are people who Tradition and Culture.. These are Labour displaced been attributed to the greed gleanings to step up clarity died for this Land. There are Several Community migrants seeking jobs and of political power. Since on the issues of tradition those alive. The only person Leaders, Traditional people, some employed as Doctors, 1980 Zimbabwe has been and culture and their link I pin hope on is President Economists and sociologists Engineers, Economists, conducting secret rituals with the economy. A female Mnangagwa and Chief contacted by this Writer Teachers Lawyers and sundry at some shrines without traditional healer with the Charumbira the President of interestingly spoke openly of academic experts. success. Maybe this will Tangwena family of origin the Chiefs Council and the that such thorny African Spontaneous forces to spread to other countries in Mbuya MaShumba known Vice Chairperson of the Pan- matters could be a full text of engulf the economy and cause Africa. This can be, if it is an to be possessed by strong Africa Parliamentary Forum. the crescendo of challenges effects could be a story told by African linear pattern of new powers of the mermaid of the However, God has his way bedevilling the country. They failures running the economy. change. Indian Ocean who stays in into everything on earth’’ she however pointed clearly With regard to Zimbabwe Locknivar Harare confirmed said. that if not proved this could there could be foreseeable the story surrounding culture Chief Fortune Charumbira just be African theories not evidence as it has been

Pan African Visions MAGAZINE, 7614 Green Willow Court, Hyattsville,MD 20785 Tel:2404292177, email: [email protected], [email protected] PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 41 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa Scapegoating In Zimbabwe's Dramatic Economic Tailspin By Nevson Mpofu have drastically gone down ‘’Mnangagwa has the in- in terms of their contribution ability to solve Zimbabwe’s to the Growth Domestic problems because everything Product. is turning sour for the people In a plethora of Interviews as a whole .Poverty levels by the Pan-African Visions have increased in cheer of with the Civil servants and the the World. Everything he general public ,sentiments are promised since late last year that the economic situation is has not been substantiated. deteriorating in the hands of This has been going on for the Governments under the some time at the expense of ruling Party . The large scale Zimbabweans’’, commented of the blame is put on the side Elton Mangoma recently. of ZANU PF the ruling Party. However Simon They propose a Government Khaya Moyo ZANU-PF of National Unity like the one Spokesperson blames MDC-T which came into force after as well. In an interview in the 2008 heavy melt down Harare two weeks ago, he which increased poverty by pointed out that the blame Zimbabweans are looking up the government of President Mnangagwa to almost 90%. must not only be on the side of shake up the economy. At a time prices of basic ZANU PF. He reiterated that commodities are shooting even MDC-T and opposition imbabwe as of 2018 a product on the market. Zimbabwe, ZISCO STEEL up, transport fares are rising parties are to blame because close to end of Who to blame now stands and several mines and Private every day, salaries are not they have been pulling as ZDecember, Inflation to be the question by end of Industries. increasing. This means that well on their side mainly to figures rose sharply to 50% day. People are putting the Massive corruption was poverty is as well shooting. worsen the situation in the as released by the Zimbabwe blame more on the ruling done in some of these like Workers have burden of the country. Stock Exchange. Prices of party ZANU PF. MDC T at ZIMRA , the country’s depending loads who are ‘’The crisis that is looming all commodities up to now and opposition parties are Revenue Authority, NSSA bread-winners .They are is not only to be brushed on are spiralling on a daily directing the blame to ZANU National Social Security only having hand to mouth the side of ZANU-PF. We basis. This has led to what PF. These blaming comes Authority, Zimbabwe salaries. In schools teachers are all Zimbabweans in this may be termed ‘’commercial amid the dramatic near to Electricity Supply Authority once resorted to work less suffering. Everyone is to anarchy’’. This is where-by shut-down of the country’s and in Government hours on two days a week. blame. The problem is not anyone in Business has his Government Corporations, Ministries. Main sectors Some civil servants had to created by the ruling party own mind and does what he Parastatals like National Agriculture, Mining and go on go-slow. This is a blow but it has come around or she wants to peg as price of Railways of Zimbabwe, Air- Manufacturing Industry to the Education sector. because we are not united. The Health sector has been Let us get in unity and solve heavily trodden since the it rather than point fingers to time Doctors went on strike. each other’’, said Khaya Moyo Deep political acrimony Zimbabwe’s deep economic lies between two main parties crisis has led to extended ZANU PF and MDC-T. divisions of all political Opposition has declared that parties. It is feared that the ruling Party ZANU PF this may cause as well the has failed to deliver. MDC-T divided World between the Vice President Elias Mudzuri east and the west. When lamented that the ruling there comes time when some Party had no-more room of countries come to the point of positive direction Leadership criticising those believed to because they have failed to belong to and support ZANU stabilise the ailing Economy PF. A Political and Economic since 2000. Elton Mangoma Analyst who is well known MDC-T Vice President Elias Mudzuri. shares similar sentiments. source for truth and positive 42 PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs séance outcome said there is rot goes on like that but they clear truth that the east and shall talk at last to resolve the the west may be divided. The crisis. source further high lightened ZANU PF has received that this may be like a cold much criticism arising from war but it could be as well Robert Mugabe who stayed create strong friction between on to power for nearly four USA and Russia. decades. The same situation ‘’This could be true. USA is was experienced during his watching, Russia is watching. tenure. Still the situation goes China is a bit in between, but on like that up to this day Russia supports ZANU PF a with Mnangagwa of the same Revolutionary Party which led party who is in power. What Zimbabwe to Independence. people say has changed is the China must be on that side, Human Rights issue shown in but they fear painted black by the new Government Simon Khaya Moyo ZANU-PF. support of Dictatorship and MDC-T is also receiving abuse of Human-Rights. ‘’USA will never be on Government of National ZANU-PF and MDC-T’’, said criticism from ZANU PF ‘’China has a relationship the side of the opposition Unity of 2009 between ZANU the Analyst. and some sections of the with Zimbabwe but it does not or ZANU PF for the sake of PF and MDC-T. The two political parties are population for causing admire what is bad. Russia their choice and political ‘’There is also the challenge getting serious blame from unnecessary opposition at the same time is quiet affiliation. It is looking at the of the Global Crisis. What is the majority of Zimbabwe which led to the on-going but it is on the side of what social, economic and political happening in the country is inside and outside. There are crisis the country has. All the Revolutionaries do. USA is freedom and emancipation to lead to Global Crisis. This 4 million Zimbabweans living problems started in 2000 just for fair delivery of Justice of the people, rule of Law has occurred in 2008. Now it in outside countries. The big as MDC called in to oppose in the country. It is looking and Liberty. In-fact these seems the problem is going number is in South Africa. ZANU-PF. At the same time at all eyes with fairness. countries can advise the two on. It shall come again. But Some countries with high that was the time the land was They want Democracy, parties to unite like they take note, the problem comes numbers of labour migrants taken from the whites in what Social Justice and economic have done twice in 1987, for countries in such friction are Botswana, Namibia is called the Land Reform development of the country. the Unity Accord of ZANU and political disturbances and UK. Some super power Program. In-fact. It is in between. PF and ZAPU PF and the like what is the case between countries are watching as the

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44 PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs African Economic Outlook 2019: Africa growth prospects remain steady, industry should lead growth

The state of the continent of regional public goods. is good. Africa’s general In opening remarks to economic performance diplomats, government continues to improve, but officials, policy makers it remains insufficient to and students gathered address the structural at the Bank’s Babacar challenges,” A. Adesina Ndiaye auditorium in Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire, ive policy actions could Senior Vice President raise Africa’s total Charles Boamah said Fgains to 4.5 percent of even though the report its GDP, or $134 billion a year presents daunting Africa’s general economic challenges, “Africa has performance continues to the means to overcome recover and GDP growth them by joining hands is projected to accelerate together and removing to 4.0 percent in 2019 and barriers to integration 4.1 percent in 2020. But and drivers of migration.” improved macroeconomic Guest speakers included required. • - keeping rules of and employment outcomes Kanny Diallo, Minister of Highlights: “Manufacturing-driven origin simple, flexible, and require industry to lead Planning and International The 2019 report focuses growth has the highest impact transparent; growth, according to the 2019 Cooperation for the on three key areas - Africa’s on job creation,” Morsy said. • - removing all African Economic Outlook Republic of Guinea and macroeconomic performance At the core of African nontariff barriers on goods report, launched today by the Alma Oumarou, Minister and prospects; Jobs, growth, integration, the African and services; African Development Bank. and Special Advisor to the and firm dynamism and Economic Outlook suggests • - implementing the Published annually African Union Champion for Integration for Africa’s that “a borderless Africa” is World Trade Organization’s since 2003, the African Regional Integration. economic prosperity. one of the key foundations Trade Facilitation Agreement Development Bank’s The 2019 African The Bank’s Director of of a competitive continental to reduce cross border time flagship report provides Economic Outlook report Macroeconomic Policy market that could serve as a and transaction costs tied to headline numbers on Africa’s analyses gains of regional Forecasting and Research global business center.” nontariff measures and ; economic performance and public goods, including Department, Hanan Morsy, The Continental Free Trade • - negotiating with outlook. synchronizing financial provided participants with Agreement (CFTA), signed in other developing countries The focus of the 2019 report governance frameworks, the report’s “storyline” and March 2018 by 44 African to reduce their tariffs and on regional integration for opening regional aviation to noted that in spite of a rising countries, offers substantial nontariff barriers, by 50%. Africa’s economic prosperity, competition, and facilitating national debt across Africa, gains for all African countries The African Economic highlights integration the free movements of people, “there is no systemic risk of the report says, citing new Outlook bridges a significant for trade and economic goods, and services through debt crisis.” data and analytics. knowledge gap with respect cooperation and the delivery open borders. At the current rate of “To develop cross-border to African economies through labor force supply chains, improving regular, rigorous, and growth, Africa customs management comparative analysis. needs to create and adopting simple and It also provides relevant about 12 million transparent rules of origin, and essential reference new jobs every are essential,” the report material on Africa’s year to prevent notes. economic development, for unemployment Significantly, the report researchers, investors, civil from rising. The identifies five key trade policy society organisations, and report states actions that could potentially development partners. that a “concerted bring Africa’s total gains to A full set of updated growth industrialization 4.5 percent of its GDP, or projections will be released effort that builds U$134 billion a year: in May 2019, ahead of the on countries’ • - eliminating all Bank’s Annual Meetings in comparative applied bilateral tariffs in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea. advantage,” is Africa; PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 45 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa Inside Africa THE TRANSMISSION ROADMAP Interview with Andrew Herscowitz, Coordinator, Power Africa

Africa THE TRANSMISSION ROADMAP

Interview with Andrew Herscowitz, Coordinator, Power Africa

Please can you 600 million people without as the African Development success provide a brief access to electricity, would Bank, the World Bank, and of Power overview of Power only be solved through the governments of Korea, Africa over Africa as an entity – significant coordination Norway, Israel, France, the first five the reasons behind among ALL players in the Sweden, Canada, Japan, and years since its inception and the sector, not just the U.S. others) and over 150 private inception: the major people up the energy ladder initial goals laid out government, so we began sector partners (about half of success stories, progress so that they have access to back in 2013? shaping our partnership which are American firms). made, and challenges more productive appliances The U.S. government model, signing private We compile the tools that mitigated so far? that consume more launched Power Africa sector and development each of these organizations We estimate that Power electricity. And there still are in 2013 with the goal of institutions to partnership offer into our Power Africa Africa has helped more than 600 million people who do doubling access to electricity agreements, whereby they Toolbox, and we believe we 50 million people gain access not have energy access. in sub-Saharan Africa. The commit to adding a certain have created a credible and to electricity for the first time Power Africa has helped U.S. Agency for International number of megawatts or reliable one-stop-shop for since 2013. For many of those 119 projects comprising over Development coordinates the electrical connections in companies seeking to invest people, though, they only 9,635 megawatts (MW) reach efforts of 12 U.S. government support of Power Africa’s in the power sector. have access to basic lighting financial close, 2,423 MW of agencies. We realized early efforts. Right now, we have 18 and mobile phone charging. which are commissioned and on that the energy deficit, development partners (such What has been the Our goal is to help move those operational. In 2018 alone, 46 PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Power Africa supported the realistically be addressed by roadmap? a means by which to get and supporting grid 36 financial transactions 2030. African ministries have electricity to the people of sub- stability? that will generate over 2670 Launched in November the asked donors to try and work Saharan Africa, and working We hope that within 5 MW of new, more reliable Transmission Roadmap: together, on the side, and with the private sector, we years, we are able to see electricity. • Designed to advance then bring a consensus-built do believe we are on track to significant cross-border Currently, Power Africa is regional transmission by proposal to them, and that’s reach those goals. We believe trade throughout Africa. I tracking over 880 projects unlocking cross-border exactly what we intend to do. that if we have done our jobs would personally love to see and more than 80,000 MW electricity trade through We will work closely with the well, by 2030 there will be no the regional power pools across the Continent. priority projects, unsticking private sector to understand need for Power Africa to exist connected – South Africa the bottlenecks they face, the needs of investors and as it now does. As USAID trading with Ethiopia is a What is the significance and supporting existing project developers. We will Administrator Mark Green real possibility. Countries in of the Powering Africa: coordination mechanisms to work with our development often says, “We believe the North Africa have the highest Summit to Power Africa? implement them. partners to figure out who goal of development is to end access rates on the continent, We have participated in • The imperative to shift can fund these projects. the need for its existence.” and could sell power to sub- the Powering Africa Summit power across borders is in And then we will work with Saharan Africa. In terms for four years now – it has line with Power Africa’s governments and parastatals What key themes and of grid stability, I think we a proven track record of commitment to increase to get these lines built, and factors do you feel need will see our work with the drawing key stakeholders access to electricity in get that electricity moving to be capitalised on to distribution companies and facilitating conversations sub-Saharan Africa and from one country to another. reach these goals? and regulators really start that lead to real results. We to increasing generation The event preview speaks We need everyone to to pay off – solvency and have seen deals get unstuck, capacity by 30,000 MW about how the network might work together. We need profitability will have a ripple in real time, at the Summit. and create 60 million new look Africa10-20 years from now… to be on the same page, as effect on access rates. We also can meet with dozens connections by 2030. What are your expectations donors, when we speak to of partners and government • The Roadmap builds upon and hopes to this end? African officials. We need Andrew Herscowitz, officials from all over the the significant transmission We have a goal of 30,000 to understand the private Coordinator, Power world over just a few days to work already underway by megawatts and 60 million sector’sTHE needs and work to Africa will be speaking at help advance deals. Power Africa partners to connections by 2030. In a create environments that the upcoming Powering accelerate efficient power mere 12 years,TRANSMISSION to reach those will allow their sustainable Africa: Summit 2019 In terms of the segment markets in sub-Saharan goals, we will need to add enterprises to flourish. If we from 25-27 February in you’ll be overseeing, Africa 20,000 megawatts and 48 can do that, the details will Miami. can you expand on the • Sets out Transmission million connections,ROADMAP based take care of themselves. For more information transmission roadmap? Targets for 2030: on our tracked results to date. on how your organisation Under our Power Africa 2.0 • 7,500 MW transmission You might be saying that we In the next 3-5 years’ can be involved at the strategy, which we launched capacity installed will never meetInterview those goals, withtime, Andrewwhat measures Herscowitz, summit, please contact last year at the Powering • $3 BILLION in but given the fact thatCoordinator, we’re would you Powerhope to seeAfrica [email protected] Africa Summit, transmission transmission-related tracking over 800 project on already being taken and distribution will be investment mobilized the continent, prioritizing in regard to extending prioritized – we took stock • 5,000 km of transmission and realized that many of lines installed the generation deals we had • 10 transmission projects been supporting would likely brought to financial close lead to excess capacity, and if • Moving forward a priority countries are able to unlock will be to attract more private cross-border trade, that investment via alternative excess capacity can be traded, financing models and and companies and countries increase dialogue with the won’t lose money on those private sector. projects. The Transmission Roadmap that we launched What do you believe in November is our analysis are the next steps that of which transmission lines need to be taken to should be prioritized to expand the continent’s allow that trade to happen grid network, and what as quickly as possible, are the key themes, before the excess generation ideas and messages capacity comes online. We’ve to get across; both at identified 8 key areas in the the event, and through Roadmap, all of which can Power Africa’s published PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 47 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa Egypt Replaces Cameroon as 2019 AFCON Host By Boris Esono The Confederation of African African government to carry the Football, CAF has awarded Egypt project forward”. the rights to host the 2019 edition It will be the fifth time Egypt, of the Africa Cup of Nations, which won the tournament when AFCON. Egypt will be hosting it last hosted in 2006, has staged the tournament for the fifth time, the tournament. The country having just six months to prepare will use eight stadiums during for the expanded 24 team finals the tournament, hosting in five kicking off on June 15 to 13 July. different cities: Alexandria, Egypt saw off the challenge Ismailia, Port Said, Suez and the from South Africa 16 votes to 1 capital Cairo. in a vote held during the CAF «I want to thank the (CAF) executive Committee meeting in Executive Committee for the Dakar, Senegal. Cameroon who trust, and I thank the government was given the mantle in 2014 as for this support,» said Egypt FA host was stripped of staging the (EFA) president Hany Abu Rida. competition in November because «We organised the tournament of slow preparations. in 2006 and that make us against In a decision that has been seen a challenge to make better and by many as appeasement, CAF better, we are ready for this has offered Cameroon the chance honour». to host the 2021 AFCON finals, «The guarantee from a decision which has meant that government helped us to win the original hosts of the 2021 and against South Africa and that 2025 finals have been asked to will help us to make a good delay their tournaments. tournament,» added Ahmed This decision has however Shobair, vice-president of Egypt›s been met with opposition from FA. «The fans will be back again Ivory Coast, host of 2021 AFCON in the stadiums, which will be full which the country taking CAF in the tournament I promise». to the Court of Arbitration South African football officials for Sports, CAS to protest the have however said the 16-1 vote decision. According to authorities in favor of Egypt was “political” in Ivory Coast, CAF had no without offering insight. A CAF rights to withdraw their hosting insider told AFP that South Africa credentials and more over the have not been forgiven for backing issue that they country is not the winning Canada/Mexico/ CAF President Ahmad Ahmad. prepared is baseless. United States 2026 World Cup Guinea’s football federation has bid instead of sole rivals Morocco. Association chief executive had been there for a in Russia, but they worked however complied with CAF as This decision reportedly Russell Paul said: while, with government hard and there were no they announced that it had agreed infuriated Ahmad, leading to “Technically, there is no representatives, ready to incidents,” he said. to move its staging of the Africa South African media speculation country in Africa better present their case”. Under an Ahmad Nations Cup from 2023 to 2025. that he encouraged CAF suited to host the Cup of plan still to be finalized, Speaking in Dakar, Ahmad executives to support Egypt. Nations than South Africa. Security concerns Cameroon will now host said the two candidates had “South Africa voting for the “We do not have a fight According to New the 2021 Cup of Nations equally good infrastructure and USA, especially after president with Egypt, we have a fight Zimbabwe, the Malagasy with Ivory Coast (2023) the greater political enthusiasm Donald Trump had publicly with the way the process Ahmed acknowledged and Guinea (2025) staging of Egypt was the key factor. “Our criticized the people of the unfolded,” he added, that there was security the following two editions. audit firm said the infrastructure continent, was seen as anti- referring to the vote being concerns regarding Egypt, From this year, the was equal so we assessed the African,” the CAF insider said. brought forward 24 hours with three Vietnamese tournament moves from political commitment in the two “The feeling ahead of the vote in without an explanation. tourists killed in a recent January/February to countries and Egypt came out Senegal was that Egypt was the “A delegation had been terror attack there. June/July and the number on top. Members of the (CAF) favorite but no one expected such prepared for a Wednesday “Before the 2018 World of qualifiers has been executive committee did not feel a landslide victory”. presentation only to Cup, people were worried expanded from 16 to 24. any real support from the South Acting South African Football find that the Egyptians about the security situation 48 PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Mohamed Salah wins CAF player of the year By Boris Esono exited their first appearance at the global showpiece in 28 years without securing even one point. Salah netted twice and missed two penalties three months later in a 6-0 Cup of Nations rout of Niger and snatched the late winner in a 3-2 victory over Tunisia in the same competition. Having defended his Player of the Year title, his next goal will be to match the four straight wins in the competition by former Manchester City and Ivory Coast star Yaya Toure. Houston Dash and South Africa forward Thembi Kgatlana was named Women›s Player of the Year. Kgatlana was the breakout star of last year’s Africa women’s cup of Nations. She led South Africa to the final with five goals before losing Salah won the African Player of the Year award for the second straight year AFP Photo SEYLLOU. to perennial champions Nigeria 1-0. Nigeria’s duo, Egypt and Liverpool striker this award since I was a child before scoring twice for career and was nicknamed Asisat Oshoala, winner of Mohamed Salah has been and now I have done so twice Egypt at the World Cup in “chancentod” (chance killer) the last two editions and voted the 2018 Confederation in a row,» Salah said. “My Russia, though having a by the Swiss media. Francisca Ordega completed of African Football player thanks go to my family, my bad performance due to a After having a poor the top three in the women’s of the year-the second team-mates and my fans and shoulder injury sustain at the showing at Chelsea, Salah category. consecutive year he has won I dedicate this trophy to my champions league final. was send on loan to Italian Other awards given the award. He was voted homeland, Egypt”. This season, Salah has outfits Firentina and Roma, included among others: during a ceremony in Dakar, Salah was voted the BBC scored 16 goals in 29 and then sold him to the Youth player of the Year: Senegal on the 8 of January. African Footballer of the appearances across all latter club. Salah blossomed Achraf Hakimi (Morocco) He thus becomes the fourth Year for the second time in competitions for Liverpool, in Rome, averaging close to Coach of the Year: Herve player to win this trophy twice December. 13 in the premier league. a goal every two matches, Renard (Morocco) in a row, after the Senegalese The Liverpool striker won Salah was born in a which led to Liverpool paying Women›s coach of the El Hadji Diouf (2001, 2002), the golden boot for the 2017- northern Egyptian town almost 37 million pounds Year: Desiree Ellis (South Cameroonian Samuel Eto›o 18 premier league season Nagrig and used to make (about $47 mn/41 mn euros) Africa) (2003, 2004) and Ivorian after scoring 32 goals in 36 eight-hour return trips on to sign him two years ago. National team of the year: Yaya Touré (2011, 2012). He appearances for the club to buses to train with Cairo- The Egyptian had his share Mauritania is also the second Egyptian to set a record for most goals based El Mokawloon (Arab of setbacks last year, too, with Women›s national team of win the award after Mahmoud scored by a player in the Contractors). Spotted by an injury in the Champions the year: Nigeria Al Khatib’s 1983 success. modern league era. scouts from Swiss club League final loss to Real Goal of the Year: The forward, beat Liverpool He scored 44 goals for Basel, he moved there in Madrid also keeping him Chrestinah Thembi Kgatlana team-mate Sadio Mane of Liverpool during the 2017- 2012 before joining Premier out of a World Cup defeat by (for South Africa v Nigeria in Senegal and Arsenal and 18 season, helping the Reds League giants Chelsea two Uruguay. Group B game at Women›s Gabon striker Pierre-Emerick to the Champions League years later. According to AFP, He returned to score against Africa Cup of Nations) Aubameyang to the title. final hey lost to the eventual Salah found scoring difficult hosts Russia and Saudi «I have dreamt of winning champions Real Madrid early in his professional Arabia, but the Pharaohs

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Business friendly arrivals and departures to/from Africa

Fly non-stop from Chicago to Addis Ababa on Ethiopian’s Ultra-Modern Aircraft and from there,

to all major capitals of Africa are just a short hop away. With early afternoon arrivals to the capitals

of Africa, Ethiopian offers the most convenient schedules to more cities in Africa than any other cwarrwier w. .ethiopianairlines.com www.ethiopianairlines.com 58 PAV - Jan. 2019 - MAG 0119 Vol 2