Effects of Position, Dead Air Space and Exercise on Breathing
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Correlation Between Tidal Volume Measured by Spirometry and Impedance Pneumography
New Jersey Institute of Technology Digital Commons @ NJIT Theses Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fall 10-31-1994 Correlation between tidal volume measured by spirometry and impedance pneumography Krithika Seshadri New Jersey Institute of Technology Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.njit.edu/theses Part of the Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons Recommended Citation Seshadri, Krithika, "Correlation between tidal volume measured by spirometry and impedance pneumography" (1994). Theses. 1696. https://digitalcommons.njit.edu/theses/1696 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at Digital Commons @ NJIT. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ NJIT. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Copyright Warning & Restrictions The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be “used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research.” If a, user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of “fair use” that user may be liable for copyright infringement, This institution reserves the right to refuse to -
Peak Flow Measure: an Index of Respiratory Function?
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research www.ijhsr.org ISSN: 2249-9571 Original Research Article Peak Flow Measure: An Index of Respiratory Function? D. Devadiga, Aiswarya Liz Varghese, J. Bhat, P. Baliga, J. Pahwa Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College (A Unit of Manipal University), Mangalore -575001 Corresponding Author: Aiswarya Liz Varghese Received: 06/12/2014 Revised: 26/12/2014 Accepted: 05/01/2015 ABSTRACT Aerodynamic analysis is interpreted as a reflection of the valving activity of the larynx. It involves measuring changes in air volume, flow and pressure which indicate respiratory function. These measures help in determining the important aspects of lung function. Peak expiratory flow rate is a widely used respiratory measure and is an effective measure of effort dependent airflow. Aim: The aim of the current study was to study the peak flow as an aerodynamic measure in healthy normal individuals Method: The study group was divided into two groups with n= 60(30 males and 30 females) in the age range of 18-22 years. The peak flow was measured using Aerophone II (Voice Function Analyser). The anthropometric measurements such as height, weight and Body Mass Index was calculated for all the participants. Results: The peak airflow was higher in females as compared to that of males. It was also observed that the peak air flow rate was correlating well with height and weight in males. Conclusions: Speech language pathologist should consider peak expiratory airflow, a short sharp exhalation rate as a part of routine aerodynamic evaluation which is easier as compared to the otherwise commonly used measure, the vital capacity. -
Pressure-Controlled Ventilation in Children with Severe Status Asthmaticus*
Feature Articles Pressure-controlled ventilation in children with severe status asthmaticus* Ashok P. Sarnaik, MD, FAAP, FCCM; Kshama M. Daphtary, MD; Kathleen L. Meert, MD, FAAP; Mary W. Lieh-Lai, MD, FAAP; Sabrina M. Heidemann, MD, FAAP Objective: The optimum strategy for mechanical ventilation in trolled ventilation, median pH increased to 7.31 (6.98–7.45, p < a child with status asthmaticus is not established. Volume-con- .005), and PCO2 decreased to 41 torr (21–118 torr, p < .005). For trolled ventilation continues to be the traditional approach in such patients with respiratory acidosis (PCO2 >45 torr) within 1 hr of children. Pressure-controlled ventilation may be theoretically starting pressure-controlled ventilation, the median length of time more advantageous in allowing for more uniform ventilation. We until PCO2 decreased to <45 torr was 5 hrs (1–51 hrs). Oxygen describe our experience with pressure-controlled ventilation in saturation was maintained >95% in all patients. Two patients had children with severe respiratory failure from status asthmaticus. pneumomediastinum before pressure-controlled ventilation. One Design: Retrospective review. patient each developed pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphy- Setting: Pediatric intensive care unit in a university-affiliated sema after initiation of pressure-controlled ventilation. All pa- children’s hospital. tients survived without any neurologic morbidity. Median duration Patients: All patients who received mechanical ventilation for of mechanical ventilation was 29 hrs (4–107 hrs), intensive care status asthmaticus. stay was 56 hrs (17–183 hrs), and hospitalization was 5 days Interventions: Pressure-controlled ventilation was used as the (2–20 days). initial ventilatory strategy. The optimum pressure control, rate, Conclusions: Based on this retrospective study, we suggest and inspiratory and expiratory time were determined based on that pressure-controlled ventilation is an effective ventilatory blood gas values, flow waveform, and exhaled tidal volume. -
Spirometry Basics
SPIROMETRY BASICS ROSEMARY STINSON MSN, CRNP THE CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA DIVISION OF ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY PORTABLE COMPUTERIZED SPIROMETRY WITH BUILT IN INCENTIVES WHAT IS SPIROMETRY? Use to obtain objective measures of lung function Physiological test that measures how an individual inhales or exhales volume of air Primary signal measured–volume or flow Essentially measures airflow into and out of the lungs Invaluable screening tool for respiratory health compared to BP screening CV health Gold standard for diagnosing and measuring airway obstruction. ATS, 2005 SPIROMETRY AND ASTHMA At initial assessment After treatment initiated and symptoms and PEF have stabilized During periods of progressive or prolonged asthma control At least every 1-2 years: more frequently depending on response to therapy WHY NECESSARY? o To evaluate symptoms, signs or abnormal laboratory tests o To measure the effect of disease on pulmonary function o To screen individuals at risk of having pulmonary disease o To assess pre-operative risk o To assess prognosis o To assess health status before beginning strenuous physical activity programs ATS, 2005 SPIROMETRY VERSUS PEAK FLOW Recommended over peak flow meter measurements in clinician’s office. Variability in predicted PEF reference values. Many different brands PEF meters. Peak Flow is NOT a diagnostic tool. Helpful for monitoring control. EPR 3, 2007 WHY MEASURE? o Some patients are “poor perceivers.” o Perception of obstruction variable and spirometry reveals obstruction more severe. o Family members “underestimate” severity of symptoms. o Objective assessment of degree of airflow obstruction. o Pulmonary function measures don’t always correlate with symptoms. o Comprehensive assessment of asthma. -
BSL Lesson 13
Physiology Lessons Lesson 13 for use with the PULMONARY FUNCTION II Biopac Student Lab Pulmonary Flow Rates Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1,2,3) PC under Windows 95/98/NT 4.0/2000 Maximal Voluntary Ventilation (MVV) or Macintosh Manual Revision 12132000.PL3.6.6-ML3.0.7 Number of cycles in 12 second interval Average Volume Richard Pflanzer, Ph.D. per cycle Associate Professor Indiana University School of Medicine Purdue University School of Science J.C. Uyehara, Ph.D. Biologist Number of cycles/minute = Number of cycles in 12 second interval X 5 MVV = (Average volume per cycle) X (Number of cycles per minute) BIOPAC Systems, Inc. William McMullen Vice President BIOPAC Systems, Inc. BIOPAC Systems, Inc. 42 Aero Camino, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 (805) 685-0066, Fax (805) 685-0067 Email: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.biopac.com Page 2 Lesson 13: Pulmonary Function II Biopac Student Lab V3.0 I. INTRODUCTION The respiratory or pulmonary system performs the important functions of supplying oxygen (O2) during inhalation, removing carbon dioxide (CO2) during exhalation, and adjusting the acid-base balance (pH) of the body by removing acid-forming CO2. Because oxygen is necessary for cellular metabolism, the amount of air that the pulmonary system provides is important in setting the upper limits on work capacities or metabolism. Therefore, the measurement of lung volumes and the rate of air movement (airflow) are important tools in assessing the health and capacities of a person. In this lesson, you will measure: Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), which is the maximal amount of air that a person can forcibly exhale after a maximal inhalation. -
Restrictive Lung Disease
Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ptj/article/48/5/455/4638136 by guest on 29 September 2021 RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASE WARREN M. GOLD, M.D. RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASE is a These disorders can be divided into two pattern of abnormal lung function defined by groups: extrapulmonary and pulmonary. a decrease in lung volume (Fig. I).1,2 The In extrapulmonary restriction, an abnormal total lung capacity is decreased and, in severe increase in the stiffness of the chest wall (kypho restrictive defects, all of the subdivisions of the scoliosis) restricts the lung volumes, as does total lung capacity including vital capacity, respiratory muscle weakness (poliomyelitis or functional residual capacity, and residual vol muscular dystrophy). These extrapulmonary ume are decreased. In mild or moderately se causes of pulmonary restriction are treated vere restrictive defects, the residual volume may be normal or slightly increased. CLINICAL DISORDERS CAUSING TABLE 1 RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASE CAUSES OF RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASE Restrictive lung disease is not a specific clin I. Extrapulmonary restriction 3 ical entity, but only one of several patterns of A. Chest wall stiffness (kyphoscoliosis) B. Respiratory-muscle weakness (muscular dystrophy)4 abnormal lung function. It is produced by a C. Pleural disease (pneumothorax)5 number of clinical disorders (see Table 1). II. Pulmonary restriction A. Surgical resection (pneumonectomy)6.7 Dr. Gold: Director, Pulmonary Laboratory and Re B. Tumor (bronchogenic carcinoma or metastatic tumor)8 search Associate in Cardiology (Pulmonary Physiology), C. Heart disease (hypertensive, arteriosclerotic, rheu Children's Hospital Medical Center; Associate in Pedi matic, congenital)9 atrics and Tutor in Medical Science, Harvard Medical 10 11 School, Boston, Massachusetts. -
NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Technical Report Filtering Facepiece Respirators with an Exhalation Valve: Measurements of Filtration Efficiency to Evaluate Their Potential for Source Control Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Technical Report Filtering Facepiece Respirators with an Exhalation Valve: Measurements of Filtration Efficiency to Evaluate Their Potential for Source Control DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory This document is in the public domain and may be freely copied or reprinted. Disclaimer Mention of any company or product does not constitute endorsement by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In addition, citations to websites external to NIOSH do not constitute NIOSH endorsement of the sponsoring organizations or their programs or products. Furthermore, NIOSH is not responsible for the content of these websites. All web addresses referenced in this document were accessible as of the publication date. Get More Information Find NIOSH products and get answers to workplace safety and health questions: 1-800-CDC-INFO (1-800-232-4636) | TTY: 1-888-232-6348 CDC/NIOSH INFO: cdc.gov/info | cdc.gov/niosh Monthly NIOSH eNews: cdc.gov/niosh/eNews Suggested Citation NIOSH [2020]. Filtering facepiece respirators with an exhalation valve: measurements of filtration efficiency to evaluate their potential for source control. By Portnoff L, Schall J, Brannen J, Suhon N, Strickland K, Meyers J. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. -
Physical and Geometric Constraints Shape the Labyrinth-Like Nasal Cavity
Physical and geometric constraints shape the labyrinth-like nasal cavity David Zwickera,b,1, Rodolfo Ostilla-Monico´ a,b, Daniel E. Liebermanc, and Michael P. Brennera,b aJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; bKavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; and cDepartment of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 Edited by Leslie Greengard, New York University, New York, NY, and approved January 26, 2018 (received for review August 29, 2017) The nasal cavity is a vital component of the respiratory system take into account geometric constraints imposed by the shape that heats and humidifies inhaled air in all vertebrates. Despite of the head that determine the length of the nasal cavity, its this common function, the shapes of nasal cavities vary widely cross-sectional area, and, generally, the shape of the space that it across animals. To understand this variability, we here connect occupies. To tackle this complex problem, we first show that, nasal geometry to its function by theoretically studying the air- without geometric constraints, optimal shapes have slender flow and the associated scalar exchange that describes heating cross-sections. We then demonstrate that these shapes can be and humidification. We find that optimal geometries, which have compacted into the typical labyrinth-like shapes without much minimal resistance for a given exchange efficiency, have a con- loss in performance. stant gap width between their side walls, while their overall shape can adhere to the geometric constraints imposed by the Results head. Our theory explains the geometric variations of natural The Flow in the Nasal Cavity Is Laminar. -
Standardisation of Spirometry
Eur Respir J 2005; 26: 319–338 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.05.00034805 CopyrightßERS Journals Ltd 2005 SERIES ‘‘ATS/ERS TASK FORCE: STANDARDISATION OF LUNG FUNCTION TESTING’’ Edited by V. Brusasco, R. Crapo and G. Viegi Number 2 in this Series Standardisation of spirometry M.R. Miller, J. Hankinson, V. Brusasco, F. Burgos, R. Casaburi, A. Coates, R. Crapo, P. Enright, C.P.M. van der Grinten, P. Gustafsson, R. Jensen, D.C. Johnson, N. MacIntyre, R. McKay, D. Navajas, O.F. Pedersen, R. Pellegrino, G. Viegi and J. Wanger CONTENTS AFFILIATIONS Background ............................................................... 320 For affiliations, please see Acknowledgements section FEV1 and FVC manoeuvre .................................................... 321 Definitions . 321 CORRESPONDENCE Equipment . 321 V. Brusasco Requirements . 321 Internal Medicine University of Genoa Display . 321 V.le Benedetto XV, 6 Validation . 322 I-16132 Genova Quality control . 322 Italy Quality control for volume-measuring devices . 322 Fax: 39 103537690 E-mail: [email protected] Quality control for flow-measuring devices . 323 Test procedure . 323 Received: Within-manoeuvre evaluation . 324 March 23 2005 Start of test criteria. 324 Accepted after revision: April 05 2005 End of test criteria . 324 Additional criteria . 324 Summary of acceptable blow criteria . 325 Between-manoeuvre evaluation . 325 Manoeuvre repeatability . 325 Maximum number of manoeuvres . 326 Test result selection . 326 Other derived indices . 326 FEVt .................................................................. 326 Standardisation of FEV1 for expired volume, FEV1/FVC and FEV1/VC.................... 326 FEF25–75% .............................................................. 326 PEF.................................................................. 326 Maximal expiratory flow–volume loops . 326 Definitions. 326 Equipment . 327 Test procedure . 327 Within- and between-manoeuvre evaluation . 327 Flow–volume loop examples. 327 Reversibility testing . 327 Method . -
Influence of Inhalation/Exhalation Ratio and of Respiratory
sustainability Article Slow-Paced Breathing: Influence of Inhalation/Exhalation Ratio and of Respiratory Pauses on Cardiac Vagal Activity Sylvain Laborde 1,2,* , Maša Iskra 1, Nina Zammit 1, Uirassu Borges 1,3, Min You 4, Caroline Sevoz-Couche 5 and Fabrice Dosseville 6,7 1 Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne 50933, Germany; [email protected] (M.I.); [email protected] (N.Z.) 2 UFR STAPS, EA 4260 CESAMS, Normandie Université, 14000 Caen, France 3 Department of Health & Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany; [email protected] 4 UFR Psychologie, EA3918 CERREV, Normandie Université, 14000 Caen, France; [email protected] 5 INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Sorbonne Université, 75000 Paris, France; [email protected] 6 UMR-S 1075 COMETE, Normandie Université, 14000 Caen, France 7 INSERM, UMR-S 1075 COMETE, 14000 Caen, France; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-221-49-82-57-01 Abstract: Slow-paced breathing has been shown to enhance the self-regulation abilities of athletes via its influence on cardiac vagal activity. However, the role of certain respiratory parameters (i.e., inhalation/exhalation ratio and presence of a respiratory pause between respiratory phases) still needs to be clarified. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the influence of these respiratory Citation: Laborde, S.; Iskra, M.; parameters on the effects of slow-paced breathing on cardiac vagal activity. A total of 64 athletes Zammit, N.; Borges, U.; You, M.; (27 female; Mage = 22, age range = 18–30 years old) participated in a within-subject experimental Sevoz-Couche, C.; Dosseville, F. -
Spirometry (Adult) Guideline
Document Number # QH-GDL-386:2012 Spirometry (Adult) Respiratory Science Custodian/Review Officer: 1. Purpose Chief Allied Health Officer This guideline provides recommendations regarding best practice to support high quality spirometry practice Version no: 1.0 throughout Queensland Health facilities. Applicable To: 2. Scope All Health Practitioners performing adult This guideline provides information for all health spirometry practitioners who perform adult spirometry as part of their clinical duties. Approval Date: 26/11/2012 This guideline provides the minimum requirements for obtaining acceptable and repeatable pre- and post- Effective Date: 26/11/2012 bronchodilator (reversibility) spirometric data using both volume and flow-measuring devices. Next Review Date: 26/11/2013 3. Related documents Authority: This guideline is primarily based on the following Chair – State-wide Clinical Measurements Network documents taken from the series “ATS/ERS Task Force: Standardisation of Lung Function Testing” Approving Officer General considerations for lung function testing 1 Chief Allied Health Officer (2005). Standardisation of spirometry (2005). 2 References from alternate sources of information have Supersedes: Nil been identified in this document. Key Words: spirometry, spiro, respiratory, Policy and Standard/s: measure, spirogram, spirometric, bronchodilator, flow-volume loop, peak Informed Decision-making in Healthcare (QH-POL- flow 346:2011) 3 Accreditation References: Procedures, Guidelines, Protocols EQuIP and other criteria and standards Australian Guidelines for the prevention and control of infection in healthcare (CD33:2010) 4 2005 American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) guidelines 1, 2 Version No.: 1.0; Effective From: 26 November 2012 Page 1 of 31 Printed copies are uncontrolled Queensland Health: Spriometry (Adult) Queensland Health Paediatric Spirometry Guideline Forms and templates Nil 4. -
Pulmonary Function Test (PFT)
Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) St. James Mercy Hospital Respiratory Therapy, 1st Floor 411 Canisteo St. Hornell, NY 14843 607-324- 8159 To schedule an appointment: 607-324-2879 To fax to scheduling: 607-324-8221 What is pulmonary function testing and why is it done? Pulmonary function tests (also called PFTs or lung function tests) help determine how well your lungs are functioning. The results of these tests tell your physician how much air your lungs can hold, how quickly you can move air into and out of your lungs, and how well your lungs are able to use oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide. The tests help your physician determine if you have a lung disease, help provide a measure of how significant your lung disease is, and can show how well the treatment for your lung disease is working. How is a pulmonary function test done? Pulmonary function testing is usually done by a specially trained respiratory therapist or technician. For most pulmonary function tests, you will be asked to wear a nose clip to make sure that no air passes through your nose during the test. You will be asked to breathe into a mouthpiece that is connected to a machine called a spirometer. The technician may encourage you to breathe deeply during parts of the test to get the best results. Following all of the technician's instructions will help provide the most accurate results. How do I prepare for my test? You should not eat a heavy meal just before this test. You should not smoke for six hours before the test.