E499 Volume 6 Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL& SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR ROAD MAINTENANCE Of the Kerala State Transport Project Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared on behalf of Government of Kerala Public Works Department Public Disclosure Authorized Thiruvananthapuram Kerala Louis Berger International, Inc. in association with: Sheladia Associates, Inc. Consulting Engineering Services (I) Ltd. Intercontinental Consultants & Technocrats Pvt. Ltd. Public Disclosure Authorized OCTOBER 2001 FILECOPY Kerala State Transport Project Environmental and Social Managen rnt Plan -October2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR MAINTENANCE ROADS 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 ProjectBackground 1.2 MaintenancePractices In Kerala 1.3 Maintenancecomponents of the road policy of Governmentof Kerala I 1.4 KSTP Road MaintenanceStudies 1.5 MaintenanceProgramme 1.6 Project cost for Year 1 Maitenance 2 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ISSUE 2.1 General 2.2 EnvironemntalAnalysis 2.3 PhysicalEnvironment 2.4 BiologicalEnvironment 2.5 Social Analysis 1 3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ACTION PLAN 3.1 General 3.2 Institutional Mechanism 3.3 Environmental And Social Impact Mitigation Costs 3.4 Environmental and Social Management Action Plan (ESMAP) for Maintenance Activities l l I_ I ~~~~LBII/Stteladia/CES/ICT l 3 CKeralaState TransportProject Environmentaland Social Management Plan -October 2001 I 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND | The Government of Kerala (GOK) is implementing the Kerala State Transport Project (KSTP) with financial assistance from the World Bank. The Kerala State Transport Project identified approximately 1000 km as high priority roads selected from a feasibility study of * 3000 km of the State roads. The high priority roads were further reduced to 612 km. The rest of the roads, i.e. those not covered under the high priority roads, are being considered for maintenance. Further studies using Highway Design Model (HDM) analysis have been done to prioritise approximately 1000 km of roads to be undertaken for maintenance in three phases of duration of one year each. * The project comprises three main components. These three main components are shown in Exhibit 1.1. X EXHIBIT1.1 TtHETHREE MAIN COMPONENTSOF THEKERALA STATE TRANSPORT PROJECT SL. THETHREE MAIN TOTAL NO. COMPONENTSOF THEKSTP LENGTH REMARKS 257.7km I Highways- Wideningand (Phase I) ThroughoutKerala Improvement- in two Phases 324 km (Phase11) 339.1 I (Year I) 2 Highways- MaintenanceComponent 364.8 ThroughoutKerala - in three years (Year91) 306.9 (YearIII) Locationin the Kuttanadarea; along 3| WaterwaysComponent - Pilot 75.5 km three canals havinga total lengthof I 3 Waterways Component - Pilot 75.5 km 93 km; 75.5 km taken for construction. This ESMP deals with the Highways Maintenance Component only. The environmental and social assessment of the maintenance roads were covered in the Sectoral Environmental I Assessment. This assessment was done to identify generic and specific environmental and social mitigation measures that will be required during design, implementation and operation of the maintenance roads. This ESMP includes these mitigation measures. 1.2 MAINTENANCEPRACTICES IN KERALA * The Kerala PWD carries out four types of maintenance activities: These are 1. Ordinary maintenance: repairs such as drainage clearance, patching, road markings and road furniture works are usually referred to in this maintenance category. The actual amount of work carried out depends on the amount of funds allocated and is usually very small. 1 2. Periodic maintenance; (Periodic renewal) an overlay of 40mm Pre Mix Carpet (PMC) for State Highways and 20mm of PMC for Major District Roads (MDR) is laid on the existing LBliUSheladiaCESAICT 1.i Kerala State Transort Proiect Environmental and Social Management Plan -October 2001 surface, after pothole patching with single sized crushed rock as required. Unlike other States, Kerala PWD policy is to target "overlays" at 4 to 5 year intervals. Routine maintenance activities such as - The regular inspection of road, | - Clearingof ditch and shoulders, - Cutting back vegetation, etc is not executed on a regular basis. Kerala was a forerunner in the move to contract maintenance but at the time there was no I recognized system of contracting routine maintenance put into practice. Instead a system, which could be better, described as annual maintenance was instituted whereby the engineer undertakes an annual inspection of the roads and draws up a list of minor works that are then I put out to contract. Not surprisingly, this system has to be supplemented by emergency maintenance- much of which would be avoided if drains where kept clear and pavements were repairedwhen signs of distress first appear. Shortage of funds, force Kerala PWD to adopt a frequency of periodic maintenance well below the target norms. What work is done, is done using a technology, which although cheap, is unsuitable for this wet climate. The surfacing used is porous and of poor durability. This fault is exacerbated by the lack of routine maintenance such as drain clearance. As a result there is a significant and growing backlog of work. Special maintenance: Maintenance taken on a case-to-case basis depending on the nature of | complaint/ situation. Flood damage repairs: Maintenance undertaken immediately after the flood damage as reported by the local engineer. Generally done after the monsoon season. 1.3 MAINTENANCE COMPONENTS OF THE ROAD POLICY OF GOVERNMENTOF KERALA The Government of Kerala Maintenance policy of the State is part of the Road policy. There 3 is no separate maintenance policy. On maintenance, the policy includes for overlays at 4 to 5 year intervals. The Kerala policy of overlaying at every 4th year is the result of material used - pre-mixed carpet, and the high and intense rainfall in the State. In recent years, however, the required number of resurfacings has not been done to the lack of resources and hence the time period between treatments is often 10 years or more. A high priority of Maintenance work is generally executed under the categories of special repairs and flood damages due to the climatic and topographical characteristics. Almost all of the State Highways and lower category roads that are bitumen treated have been maintained using semi mechanical technology. This usually means a 70 mm to 150mm 3 layer of W.B.M surface with Pre-mix Carpet (PMC) and a seal coat. The only mechanization is a low tyre mixer, a roller, and also some trucks. This greatly reduces the capital investment necessary for the Contractor. 1.4 KSTPROAD MAINTENANCE STUDIES In order to identify the roads to be taken for maintenance, studies were initiated. The Objective and scope of the maintenance studies were l LEiIIShetadialCES;tCT 1.2 l KeralaState TransportProject Emironmentaland Social ManapementPlan -October 2001 * To identify priorities for pavement maintenance and prepare multi-Year rolling programme for the same. * To review the present system of road maintenance management and develop guide lines for an appropriate new model or a logical modification of the existing road I maintenance and management system. Recommendations on procedures for data collection should include means of ensuring that the procedures are user friendly and sustainable by the PWD. The principal outputs of the maintenance studies are thus: * A multi year rolling programme for maintenance of high priority corridors, totalling to a length of 1000 km under World Bank loan assistance. * Recommendations on policy development and actions in the short term to address 3 the pressingmaintenance crisis; and * Recommendations for a long-term strategy for the management of the road asset. * The three alternatives were considered in the maintenance studies: Alternatives Treatment Proposed For Maintenance Alternate-I Double coat BituminousSurface Dressing (DBSD) reseal with 100mm Wet Mix Macadam(WMM) shape corrective layer Alternate-2 25mm BituminousConcrete (BC) overlay with shapecorrection. Alternate-3 DBSD reseal with Pre Mix Coat (PMC)shape correctionlayer. The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) document is based on the study of I the followingreports. a. Maintenance Planning- Volume -I Main report - January 2001 b. Maintenance Planning - Volume II, Corridor Inspection Report - January - 2001 I c. The chapter on maintenance in the Sectoral Environmental Assessment (SEA) d. First Year Maintenance Programme - Main Report- September 2001 e. First Year maintenance Programme - Design report -September 2001 IJ These studies revealed the necessity for implementing minimum environmental and social impact mitigation measures. To achieve this, a budget of 1% of the cost of the maintenance | project has been allocated for implementing these mitigation measures. 1.5 MAINTENANCEPROGRAMME Maintenance activities have been included in the following table and have been elaborated | later in the section. * Road Inspection * Pothole filling I * VegetationControl * Patching * Cleaning of drains * Shoulder repairs * Bridge, culvert and retaining wall repair * Resealing I * Crack sealing * Overlaying and provision of shoulders and * Edge repairs * Pavement markings * Road safety measures LBII.'Sheladia1CES/ICT -3 Kerala State Transport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan -October 2001 The selected roads for Maintenance work for the three successive year programmes are | shownin Exhibit 1.2 A and B in the Exhibit 1.3 to 1.5. The width of the existing carriage way is not