E499 Volume 6

Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL& SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR ROAD MAINTENANCE Of the State Transport Project Public Disclosure Authorized

Prepared on behalf of Public Works Department Public Disclosure Authorized

Kerala Louis Berger International, Inc. in association with: Sheladia Associates, Inc. Consulting Engineering Services (I) Ltd. Intercontinental Consultants & Technocrats Pvt. Ltd. Public Disclosure Authorized

OCTOBER 2001 FILECOPY Kerala State Transport Project Environmental and Social Managen rnt Plan -October2001

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR MAINTENANCE ROADS

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 ProjectBackground 1.2 MaintenancePractices In Kerala 1.3 Maintenancecomponents of the road policy of Governmentof Kerala I 1.4 KSTP Road MaintenanceStudies 1.5 MaintenanceProgramme 1.6 Project cost for Year 1 Maitenance

2 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ISSUE

2.1 General 2.2 EnvironemntalAnalysis 2.3 PhysicalEnvironment 2.4 BiologicalEnvironment 2.5 Social Analysis

1 3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ACTION PLAN 3.1 General 3.2 Institutional Mechanism 3.3 Environmental And Social Impact Mitigation Costs 3.4 Environmental and Social Management Action Plan (ESMAP) for Maintenance Activities

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I ~~~~LBII/Stteladia/CES/ICT l 3 CKeralaState TransportProject Environmentaland Social Management Plan -October 2001 I 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND

| The Government of Kerala (GOK) is implementing the Kerala State Transport Project (KSTP) with financial assistance from the World Bank. The Kerala State Transport Project identified approximately 1000 km as high priority roads selected from a feasibility study of * 3000 km of the State roads. The high priority roads were further reduced to 612 km. The rest of the roads, i.e. those not covered under the high priority roads, are being considered for maintenance. Further studies using Highway Design Model (HDM) analysis have been done to prioritise approximately 1000 km of roads to be undertaken for maintenance in three phases of duration of one year each.

* The project comprises three main components. These three main components are shown in Exhibit 1.1.

X EXHIBIT1.1 TtHETHREE MAIN COMPONENTSOF THEKERALA STATE TRANSPORT PROJECT

SL. THETHREE MAIN TOTAL NO. COMPONENTSOF THEKSTP LENGTH REMARKS 257.7km I Highways- Wideningand (Phase I) ThroughoutKerala Improvement- in two Phases 324 km (Phase11) 339.1 I (Year I) 2 Highways- MaintenanceComponent 364.8 ThroughoutKerala - in three years (Year91) 306.9 (YearIII) Locationin the Kuttanadarea; along 3| WaterwaysComponent - Pilot 75.5 km three canals havinga total lengthof I 3 Waterways Component - Pilot 75.5 km 93 km; 75.5 km taken for construction.

This ESMP deals with the Highways Maintenance Component only. The environmental and social assessment of the maintenance roads were covered in the Sectoral Environmental I Assessment. This assessment was done to identify generic and specific environmental and social mitigation measures that will be required during design, implementation and operation of the maintenance roads. This ESMP includes these mitigation measures.

1.2 MAINTENANCEPRACTICES IN KERALA

* The Kerala PWD carries out four types of maintenance activities: These are

1. Ordinary maintenance: repairs such as drainage clearance, patching, road markings and road furniture works are usually referred to in this maintenance category. The actual amount of work carried out depends on the amount of funds allocated and is usually very small. 1 2. Periodic maintenance; (Periodic renewal) an overlay of 40mm Pre Mix Carpet (PMC) for State Highways and 20mm of PMC for Major District Roads (MDR) is laid on the existing

LBliUSheladiaCESAICT 1.i Kerala State Transort Proiect Environmental and Social Management Plan -October 2001

surface, after pothole patching with single sized crushed rock as required. Unlike other States, Kerala PWD policy is to target "overlays" at 4 to 5 year intervals. Routine maintenance activities such as - The regular inspection of road, | - Clearingof ditch and shoulders, - Cutting back vegetation, etc is not executed on a regular basis. Kerala was a forerunner in the move to contract maintenance but at the time there was no I recognized system of contracting routine maintenance put into practice. Instead a system, which could be better, described as annual maintenance was instituted whereby the engineer undertakes an annual inspection of the roads and draws up a list of minor works that are then I put out to contract. Not surprisingly, this system has to be supplemented by emergency maintenance- much of which would be avoided if drains where kept clear and pavements were repairedwhen signs of distress first appear.

Shortage of funds, force Kerala PWD to adopt a frequency of periodic maintenance well below the target norms. What work is done, is done using a technology, which although cheap, is unsuitable for this wet climate. The surfacing used is porous and of poor durability. This fault is exacerbated by the lack of routine maintenance such as drain clearance. As a result there is a significant and growing backlog of work.

Special maintenance: Maintenance taken on a case-to-case basis depending on the nature of | complaint/ situation.

Flood damage repairs: Maintenance undertaken immediately after the flood damage as reported by the local engineer. Generally done after the monsoon season.

1.3 MAINTENANCE COMPONENTS OF THE ROAD POLICY OF GOVERNMENTOF KERALA

The Government of Kerala Maintenance policy of the State is part of the Road policy. There 3 is no separate maintenance policy. On maintenance, the policy includes for overlays at 4 to 5 year intervals. The Kerala policy of overlaying at every 4th year is the result of material used - pre-mixed carpet, and the high and intense rainfall in the State. In recent years, however, the required number of resurfacings has not been done to the lack of resources and hence the time period between treatments is often 10 years or more. A high priority of Maintenance work is generally executed under the categories of special repairs and flood damages due to the climatic and topographical characteristics.

Almost all of the State Highways and lower category roads that are bitumen treated have been maintained using semi mechanical technology. This usually means a 70 mm to 150mm 3 layer of W.B.M surface with Pre-mix Carpet (PMC) and a seal coat. The only mechanization is a low tyre mixer, a roller, and also some trucks. This greatly reduces the capital investment necessary for the Contractor.

1.4 KSTPROAD MAINTENANCE STUDIES In order to identify the roads to be taken for maintenance, studies were initiated. The Objective and scope of the maintenance studies were l LEiIIShetadialCES;tCT 1.2 l KeralaState TransportProject Emironmentaland Social ManapementPlan -October 2001

* To identify priorities for pavement maintenance and prepare multi-Year rolling programme for the same. * To review the present system of road maintenance management and develop guide lines for an appropriate new model or a logical modification of the existing road I maintenance and management system. Recommendations on procedures for data collection should include means of ensuring that the procedures are user friendly and sustainable by the PWD. The principal outputs of the maintenance studies are thus: * A multi year rolling programme for maintenance of high priority corridors, totalling to a length of 1000 km under World Bank loan assistance. * Recommendations on policy development and actions in the short term to address 3 the pressingmaintenance crisis; and * Recommendations for a long-term strategy for the management of the road asset.

* The three alternatives were considered in the maintenance studies:

Alternatives Treatment Proposed For Maintenance

Alternate-I Double coat BituminousSurface Dressing (DBSD) reseal with 100mm Wet Mix Macadam(WMM) shape corrective layer Alternate-2 25mm BituminousConcrete (BC) overlay with shapecorrection. Alternate-3 DBSDreseal with Pre Mix Coat(PMC) shape correctionlayer. The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) document is based on the study of I the followingreports. a. Maintenance Planning- Volume -I Main report - January 2001 b. Maintenance Planning - Volume II, Corridor Inspection Report - January - 2001 I c. The chapter on maintenance in the Sectoral Environmental Assessment (SEA) d. First Year Maintenance Programme - Main Report- September 2001 e. First Year maintenance Programme - Design report -September 2001 IJ These studies revealed the necessity for implementing minimum environmental and social impact mitigation measures. To achieve this, a budget of 1% of the cost of the maintenance | project has been allocated for implementing these mitigation measures.

1.5 MAINTENANCEPROGRAMME

Maintenance activities have been included in the following table and have been elaborated | later in the section.

* Road Inspection * Pothole filling I * VegetationControl * Patching * Cleaning of drains * Shoulder repairs * Bridge, culvert and retaining wall repair * Resealing I * Crack sealing * Overlaying and provision of shoulders and * Edge repairs * Pavement markings * Road safety measures

LBII.'Sheladia1CES/ICT -3 Kerala State Transport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan -October 2001

The selected roads for Maintenance work for the three successive year programmes are | shownin Exhibit 1.2 A and B in the Exhibit 1.3 to 1.5.

The width of the existing carriage way is not uniformly two lanes for all the corridors. This I ranges from single to intennediate and to double lane that too with varying width in each corridor. The width of the first year maintenance roads varies from 4.56m to 7.00m. The width of the Second year maintenance roads varies from 3.50m to 7.00m. The width of the I third year maintenance roads varies from 4.15 m to 6.48m. The width are shown in Exhibit 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5. Although the width varies, there will be no widening / improvement done as a part of the maintenance programme.

Physical characteristics of the roads selected under maintenance programme are: * Sharp reverse curves * Continuous ribbon development on both side of the roadway; * The carriageway width of the road varies between 5 m to 13 m. I * Rolling terrain, hilly terrain with several vertical and horizontal curves. * Inadequate drainage * Inadequate pavement strength - Poorly managed non bituminous portion of the available corridor - Frequent road safety issues and accidents

EXHIBIT1.3 FIRSTYEAR PROGRAMME OF MAINTENANCET _affi

Selected Paveme C Proposed Si Link Name Length Chainage ntwidth Commercial typeof No No. TmunVehicles (Km) the o- ______From To only I KottarakkaraTaikkod 19.30 5.70 25.00 7.30 2015 Alt-3 * ~~~~~~~Thiruvananthapuram- 2 80 Ponrnudi ( to 12.00 000 12.00 4.85 1114 Alt-2 ) 3 29 - Kalur - 20.00 0.00 20.00 4.90 186 Alt-2 29 Onnukal 1 4 34 - 17.00 0.00 17.00 5.55 1797 Alt-2 5 39 - 33.90 0.00 33.90 6.44 1584 Alt-3 6 42 Ponta - Moonupedika 20.90 0-00 20.90 5.00 1668 Alt-3 w ~~~~~744 Cheni - Tripayar 14.20. Q.00 14.20 5.50 11,61 Alt-2- 8 58 Kozhikode - Mavoor 10.50 0.00 10.50 6.26 6210 Alt-3 7 446 jSultan Bathery- Pulpally 35.00 0.00 35.00 5.20 475 Alt-3 10 121 - 46.00 0.00 46.00 5.49 1829 Alt-2 * 60 Narukkara - State Border 40.00 0.00 52.70 6.63 3621 Alt-3 12 59 Quilandy - Thamnarassery 29.30 0.00 29.30 6.53 2346 Alt-2 13 129 Cherkala - Jelsoor 41.00 0.00 41.00 5.55 680 Alt-3 Total 339.1

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LBIIPSheIadiarCES/]CT - 14 Kerala State Transport Project ESMP For Maintenance - October - 2001

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EXHIBIT 1.4 3 -~ SECOND YEAR PROGRAMME OF MAINTENANCE OF KERALA Selected Paveme SI. Link Name Length Chainage nt Traffic Type of No No [kme Width Vehicles Treatment I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~FromTo In m 1 215 Karuarakundu Kizhakkethara 5.00 0.00 5.00 3.50 2794 Alt - 3 2 010 Kollarn - Ayur 31.00 0.00 31.00 5.20 1731 Alt - 2 *3 027 Vandarnedu - Cumbumbettu 11.00 0.00 11.00 4.0 1503 Alt - 2 4 234 - 11.00 0.00 11.00 6.17 2683 Alt - 2 5 009 -Kattakkada 18.70 0.00 18.70 5.50 1990 Alt - 2 6 63 Kuttiyadi-Kellur 21.0 0 21.0 4.5 1368 Alt - 2

7 108 - 26.40 0.00 26.40 6.65 2204 Alt - 2

8 055 Perumbilavu- 65.30 0.00 65.30 5.50 1582 Alt - 2 9 036 - Pallippuram 25.50 0.00 25.50 7.0 3509 Alt - 3 10 236 Chenganasserry - 24.50 0.00 24.50 6.10 2278 Alt - 3 I1 037 Ponjassery - Chithrappuzha 18.80 0.00 18.80 5.50 2113 Alt- 3 12 132 Thodupuzha - Mulamattom 39.00 39.00 0 00 6.12 1339 Alt - 3 Paramada 13 205 Kulathupuzha - - 30.00 0.00 30.00 5.76 1050 Alt-3 14 17 - 28.90 0.00 28.90 6.75 1727 Alt-3 15 123 Kozhikode Mini By-pass 8.70 0.00 8.70 10.87 3528 Alt-3 Total 364.8

EXHIBIT 1.5 THIRD YEAR PROGRAMME OF MAINTENANCE OF KERALA Selecte Pvmn SI Link Road Name d Chainage width Traffic Type of No No Length lm) Vehicles Treatment ___ __ = (Km) From To I 125 Kunnamangalam - 13.00 0.00 13.00 5.51 2070 Alt - 3 Agasthiamuzhi -2 066 Iritty - Nedumpoil 20.20 0.00 20.20 5.5 1651 Alt - 2

3 235 Nedumbassery - 42.80 0.00 42.80 4.43 618 Alt - 2 25 _ Kodaikanal 061 Kozhikode - Balussery 20.40 4.20 24.60 5.79 1906 Alt - 3 5 062 Vythiri -Tharuvana 30.10 0.00 30.10 4.15 947 Alt - 3 6 109 Kayamkulam- 30.6 0 30.6 6.48 2979 Alt-2

|7 14 - 28.8 0 28.8 5.7 1865 Alt-2

8 107 Kidangara- 7.0 0 7 3.80 1469 Alt-3 *_____ Neerettipuram Thiruvananthapuram - 9 080 40.00 12.00 52.00 4.85 1902 Alt - 2 *_ (till Jn.) _10 28 Poopara - 74.00 0.00 74.00 4.56 394 Alt - 2 Total 306.9

Existing culverts / cross-drainage structures and bridges are structurally in sound condition. These are structurally sound and there is no imminent danger of collapse. In some of the pipe I culverts, the flow of water is being obstructed because either the structure is totally buried in ground or the pipes are choked. The choked culverts will be cleared to allow proper passage L I LBII 8SheladiaiCESICT 1.5 Kerala State Transport Project Environmental and Social ManagementPlan -October 2001

of water. However, minor repairs to the masonry, plaster pointing and reinforced concrete is | required in a few culverts. There will be no new bridges or culverts built under the maintenance programme.

| Preparatory works on the pavement of these roads will be carried out prior to laying of the profile corrective course and will generally comprises of the treatment listed below;

| * Areas of Pavement exceeding one sq.m and settled more than 75 mm in depth will be treated by full depth repair treatment. This treatment consists of dismantling of existing pavement, compaction of the sub-grade, providing adequate thickness of sub base and U base course as per IRC-37-1984 etc. * Depressions less than 75 mm in depth and one sq. m area will be treated by filling bituminous macadam materials. * Filling Pot-holes (Deep and Shallow) * Fog sealing of narrow cracks (Less than 3mm in width) * Slurry sealing of wide cracks (More than 3mm but less tan 12mm in width) * Dismantling the cracked surface having cracks wider than 12 mm or loose pavement fragments or cakes and refilling in the same fashion as filling of pothole.

The above operations will be carried out as described in MOST Specifications.

Non pavement works - general: The non-pavement portion of the maintenance work is important as it is expected to bring down the number of accidents and improves road safety. With the improved riding quality of the road the speed will tempt to be higher than expected. I Non-pavement work allow sufficient parking space for Auto rikshaws, Taxis Tempos and Trucks besides the bus lay- byes.

Non pavement works - shoulders: Besides, providing lateral supports to the pavement, the shoulders are used for passing and overtaking manoeuvres or parking of disabled vehicles and some times serve as a track for slow moving vehicles. In order to perform these functions I satisfactorily, the surface hard enough to resist the abrasive and disruptive action of vehicles. The quantity of additional fill materials on the shoulders has been determined from the existing drop off and the thickness of overlay. CautionaryJWaming signboards to restrict the I speed will be provided on such stretches, where the widening of narrow or deficient shoulder is not feasible due to non-availability of land etc. On all corridors a few utilities such as telephone and electric lines would require to be shifted to clear off 1.5m shoulders from I obstructions as road safety measures. The PIU indicated that (Personnel communication) even at critical locations the project will allow protection of trees by landscaping etc and allow other safety measures like provision for pedestrians, protection walls for trees, depending on the availability of land and the characteristic (Urban, Rural etc) of the specific location.

Non pavement works - Side drains: The objective of roadside drainage is to drain the surface water from the road and prevent as well as allow draining of water from the road crust. In fact, this refers to the total draining of water from the available corridor to the extent possible * by providing proper drainage facilities. Ideally, the invert of the side drain should be as per Indian Roan Congress (IRC) standard but it is recognized that in many flat areas of Kerala | such invert level are not able to provide a drainage path.

L8II!She[adia/CES/1CT 1-6 l KeralaState Transport Project Environmentaland Social ManagementPlan -October2001

Side drains will be constructed within the Right-of-Way. The types of drain proposed in the project are as under: (i) Rectangular covered pucca drain - for commercial areas in urban limits. (ii) Trapezoidal section with brick lining - in habitation area where no commercial U activitiesare involved. (iii) Earthen trapezoidal section -in rural areas. The design of drain section has been done as per recommendation of Indian Road Congress Special Publication Number 42 (IRC SP-42). Most of the existing drains have either been choked or blocked particularly in urban areas and I hill sections. Provision for clearing off such choked and blocked drains has been envisaged under this programme. 3 Road Safety Measures: The road safety measures such as marking centreline on two-lane road with Thermoplastic paint; lining at junctions; painting speed breakers, and lopping of overhanging tree branches have been included in this programme. Replenishment of the | missing stones for Kilometer and Hectometer and road furniture such as signboards caution boards and direction boards have also been included in this programme. Repainting/ refurbishment of existing Kilometre stones and road signboards has also been included in this M programme. The trees causing serious road safety problems will be removed. These trees have been accounted for compensatory tree planting as per the KSTP Tree Planting Strategy.

3 Under the Year 1 maintenance programme, there is a proposal to experiment the use of modified bitumen on a trial basis for about 15 km. The modified bitumen will be prepared using natural rubber additives. This is expected to enhance the performance of the road. If the performnanceof this experimental stretch is successful, the modified bitumen may be used extensively in Year 2 and 3 maintenance programmes. The Government of Kerala is also keen to make use of natural rubber in bitumen for road works in order to support the domestic I rubber industry. Though the bitumen blended with natural rubber product is costlier compared to ordinary straight run bitumen, the durability of the pavement definitely increases considerably. Cochin refinery is presently in a position to manufacture modified bitumen X blended with latex. Cochin refinery has made some trials with modified bitumen in State and the results as reported by refineries are encouraging.

| 1.6 PROJECT COST FOR YEAR 1 MAINTENANCE The project cost for Year 1 Maintenance programme is included in Exhibit 1.6. This also | includes the environmentaland social cost allocation.

While the detailed project costs for the Year 1 Maintenance have been developed, the costs 3 for the Year 2 and Year 3 Maintenance programme will be developed in due course. This will be done in a similar manner and this ESMP will be valid across the second and third year Maintenance programme as well.

LB11/Shc1adiatCESICT 1.7 l Kerala State Transport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan -October 2001

3 EXHIBIT 1.6 PROPOSED COST ESTIMATES OF CORRIDORS FOR YEAR ONE MAINTENANCE PROGRAMME Cost for Provision 1% of Total Project Civil al Cost Civil Cost of Cost Selected Work in towards works Civil, including Link Name Length million Vehiclein towards Environ contingen No Km million Environ mental cies 7.5% Rs. ment & and Social Social Costs Works A B C D E F=(D+E) G=(D+Etl;F) Hl1.075*G

I ~ Trivandrum~~~~~(TaikDd) 19.30 73.878 0.18 0.74 74.797 80.407 80 Trivandrum-Ponmudi 12.00 30.292 0.18 0.30 30.775 33.083 i ~~~~~~~(Peroorkadato

I 29 ThodupuzhaOonnukal - Kalur - 20.00 36.185 0.18 0.36 36.727 39.481 34 Alwaye-Kothamangalam 17.00 47.061 0.18 0.47 47.712 51.290 39 Thrissur-Kodungalloor 33.90 81.928 0.18 0.82 82.927 89.147 42 -Moonupeedika 20.90 52.368 0.18 0.52 53.072 57.052 44 -Thriprayar 14.20 30.389 0.18 0.30 30.873 33.188 64 Sultan8athery-Pulpally 35.00 46.931 0.18 0.47 47.580 51.149 60 Narukara-StateBorder 40.00 74.652 0.18 0.75 75.579 81.247 58 Kozhikode-Mavoor 10.50 170.270 0.225 1.70 172.198 185.113 59 Quilandy-Thamarassery 29.30 118.689 0.225 1.19 120.101 129.108 121 Thaliparamba-lritty 46.00 77.638 0.18 0.78 78.594 84.489 129 Cherkalalelsoor 41.00 95.613 0.18 0.96 96.749 104.005 Total 339.1 935.894 2.43 9.36 947.684 1018.759

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I ~ BISeai:EsC . I KeralaState Transport Project Environmentaland Social Managemnent Plan -October 2001

1 2 ENVIRONMENTALAND SOCIAL ISSUES

2.1 GENERAL

The maintenance activities are a routine activity of any Highway Authority. These activities are in general small scale, compared to a new road construction or even compared to the road 3 widening and improvement works. This chapter is not intended to be an EIA but prepared as a document to address the specific issues related to the maintenance programme of Kerala State Transport Project (KSTP). In the context of road maintenance, adequate environmental safe guards coupled with good engineering practices assume very importance. The following are the main issues, which are addressed in the section.

The following issues have been considered

Eco-sensitive zones Tree removal issues Drainage Air pollution I Noisequality Waterquality Material resources Flooding Squatters and Encroachers (If identified) I Road safety and accidents

* The baseline environmental aspects of the maintenance roads have been analysed as provided in the SEA report This baseline document provides a quick reference to the environmental aspects of the 38 individual links of first (13 Links) second (15 Links) and third (10 Links) | year maintenance.

The analysis was based on the Survey of (SOI) Maps, Sectoral Environmental Assessment (SEA) and all the available maintenance study reports.

The links have been categorised into two parts based on the importance of their I environmental and social aspects: Those Links which passes through ecologically sensitive areas such as Reserved Forest (RF) Sanctuaries, Biosphere reserves, Tiger reserves, Coastal zones etc. Other links

The 18 links of first, second and third year maintenance, which are very close to, the ecologically sensitive areas are provided in this report. The complete list of maintenance programme is provided in the Exhibit 1.3 to 1.5 and Exhibit 1.2 (Map) in Chapter 1.

1 2.2 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

The following sections therefore are organised on broad aspects in the following order: * Physical environment * Biological environment * * Social environment

l LBtt/StietadiaiCES']CT 2.1 l Kerala State Transport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan -October 2001

2.3 PHYSICALENVIRONMENT I 2.3.1 Air quality Issues 3 Dust Nuisance during Construction. Dust nuisance during the construction work is the part and parcel of any road construction activity. However the 120 -130 rainy days spread over most of the months in any given year will reduce the level of dust nuisance in the State. Compared to other States, the movement of construction equipment and machinery may lead to dust nuisance in the dry season. The movement of construction equipment and machinery may lead to dust nuisance in the dry season.

Bitumen boilers: During the Construction stage, bitumen boilers often contribute to air quality degradation especially when the bitumen itself is used as a fuel (a practice during 3 locally funded maintenance activities). Bitumen boilers generate harmnfulfumes due to overheating and spillage and poor spraying could be harmful to passers by. Training in their use is the best mitigating factor and their operation should be limited to experienced road workers. New bitumen work should also be 'dusted down' to prevent nuisance to the public.

During the operational phase, there is likely to be a reduction in the vehicular emissions due to the improved traffic flow.

Mitigation The Contractor will undertake frequent watering of the road surface to reduce the potential dust nuisance. Mitigation measures during the construction stage are given in the Environmental & Social Management Action Plan / ESMAP (Exhibit 3.1). I The ESMAP (Exhibit 3.1) includes the Mitigation measures and the required Contractual clauses have also been incorporated.

2.3.2 Water QualitvIssues

Pollution Of Water Sources; In many locations the watercourses are being used as tip areas. i The self-cleaning capacity of the rivers in Kerala is high due to the very high precipitation in the State. The high precipitation frequently cleans the water in all the rivers, which permits natural flow. Apart from the rivers, there is the Kayal which is stagnant for most of the year due to the Thannermukkam bund and the Thottapally spill way.

Mitigation: The watercourses should not be used as tip areas and construction wastes | including wastes, Petrol, Oil and Lubricants (POL) must be disposed of at approved sites (particularly the Vembanad Kayal). 3 2.3.3 Noise quality Issues

The noise level is high due to the poor quality of the road condition. The complete ignoring of traffic rules make it necessary to horn frequently to show one's presence on the road. The maintenance consultants identified Kozhikode mini bypass as the worst in the Maintenance programme. Due to low priority among the selected roads, this is included in the second year I programme.

Mitigation: The necessary Contractual clauses have been incorporated in the ESMAP. The operational phase noise will be more favourable due to an improvement in the riding quality of the road. Noise from road breakers/compressors can be harmful, operators should always I LBI I/Sheladia/'CES/ICT 2.2 Kerala StateTransport Project Environmentaland Social ManagementPlan -October2001

wear ear protectors and all equipments should be properly silenced with breakers fitted with mufflers. 2.3.4 Drainage Issues

Both the longitudinal drains as well as the cross drains should be proper to accommodate monsoons of flood years (Rainfall more than the average rainfall). Even in drought years (Rain fall less than the average) the lack of proper cleaning often creates serious drainage problems leading to accidents, traffic jam etc. Ponding on the available corridor just outside the bituminous coating is mainly due to the activities of other departments like Telecom, Kerala Water Authority (KWA) on the road Right of Way. Within the tarred portion (Paved black top), ponding is due to the very poor quality of the road maintenance works.

The drainage facilities of the first year maintenance corridors range from medium to poor. In almost all corridors, stagnation of water (ponding) and erosion of earth has been reported.

Excessive plant growth and deposits of rubbish on the margins encroached over shoulders, drains and footpaths in many roads. The neglect of the drainage system leads to increased occurrence of workouts and serious erosion. Ponding on the surface is a hazard to pedestrian and causes great discomfort in frequent splashing from moving vehicles in addition to the saturation of the road fabric and accelerated deterioration.

Mitigation A number of culverts / cross-drainage structures need cleaning. These locations are already identified by the maintenance consultants. Being one of the highly rain fed regions of the country, importance of drainage need to be considered as high priority work. All construction activities should consider a well-drained corridor without causing any ponding of water on the road and shoulder surface. Cleaning of existing drains and construction of new drains along the right-of-way were also proposed.

2.3.5 Soil erosion and debris disposal issues

The project will ensure proper utilisation of material resources by the Contractor of the quarries and pits with the aim to minimising any adverse impacts.

Soil: Poorly controlled road drainage leads to unnecessary erosion of the road fabric as well as to some section of the hinterland in areas of outfalls. The present lack of maintenance allows the various sand and silt deposit to remain on the road surface restricting the passage of pedestrian and vehicles and the blocking of drains. The topsoil in the area of construction is generally fertile and its loss during construction should be avoided as required by the ESMAP. The fertile topsoils shall be preserved all along the work arcas, for example at the borrow pits and all along the existing roadsides. The topsoil shall be preserved as per the contractual clauses. The topsoil should be removed and used as defined in the ESMAP.

Storage or Disposal of Surplus Material: Debris shall be dumped away from watercourses at a sufficient distance from the roadside. The surplus material shall be disposed of properly according to the contractual requirement of the ESMAP.

I LB1l0Shc!adia/C ESdCT 2.3 KemalaState Transport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan -October 2001

2.3.6 Construction Materials Issues

Sand mining: This is one of the many active environmental issues in Kerala. The design report states that the sand mined from the riverbeds can be a source for the construction material. The sand mining leads to the draining of groundwater from the Riverbanks and also threatening the stability of Road and Rail bridges across most of the rivers (refer SEA for more details). The sand requirements are usually met from the riverbeds. Being an environmental issue in Kerala, it is necessary to confirn that source of sand is from legitimate areas.

Mitigation: No mitigation actions are required in the project. The project shall depend for Quarry sand to meet the various sand requirements. The quarry sand / dust will be available in sufficient quantity to meet all requirements.

Borrow pits The opening and closing of borrow pits shall be carried out as per the relevant Indian Road Congress (IRC) clauses as defined in the ESMAP. The openings of borrow pits in the paddy field areas shall be avoided as far as possible.

The selection and operation of borrow pit areas should conform to the Indian Road Congress (IRC) requirements as specified in the ESMAP. The PWD will ensure proper utilisation, by the contractor of the quarries and pits with the aim of minimising any adverse impacts.

As a Kerala specific situation, the opening of borrow pits shall be avoided in the paddy fields area except in the case of some community needs for the construction of ponds or other structures for water harvesting. Any such conversion should obtain the permission from the District Collector as per the Land Utilisation Order (1967).

The details of borrow pit locations are shown in the maintenance report and also in the Project Coordinating Consultants (PCC) Geo technical report. The identified borrow pits are located in the small barren areas.

2.4 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

2.4.1 Vegetation Clearance Issues

Vegetation clearance; Drainage clearance, bush and vegetation clearance on a routine basis is needed to maximise the use of the non-bituminous portion of the road corridor thereby optimising the potential use of the entire available corridor. The maximisation of the use of the non-bituminous portion of the available corridor is directly linked to the increased road safety and a reduction in road accidents.

The present condition of the roads is such that the sides are covered with thick vegetation i.e. grass, shrubs, trees and thorny bushes.

Excessive vegetation is a safety hazard. Some vegetation is necessary to prevent soil erosion, grass and other roadside vegetation to provide erosion protection by slowing flow and trapping suspended matter. The vegetation along the available corridor can be a fire hazard also. During the summer season (March -April -May season) the vegetation along the roadside exposed to sunlight may dry due to two factors. First factor is that the small plants grows to maturity Second factor is the matured plants dry quickly when exposed to Sun light

LB1iSheladia/CES!ICT 2.4 KeralaState Transport Project Environmentaland SocialManagement Plan -October 2001 and atmosphere. The fire may hit dried Plants/vegetation due to a number of possible reasons (eg: the piece of ignited cigarettes, or Children's may ignite during play for fun).

The maintenance report states that the restricted usability along road margins reduces sight distances for drivers both of approaching vehicles and pedestrians and animals along the roadsides.

Mitigation The maximised use of the available corridor is a potential mitigation effort by the project towards road safety. Grass cutting and vegetation clearing in the drains needs to be carried out.

2.4.2 Tree removal / planting Issues Only very few number of trees may have to felled along the roads which fall very close to the edge of the existing pavement (Refer: Maintenance Design report). Number of trees identified for removal with respect to road safety in the Year I Maintenance Program is shown in Exhibit 3.4.

Mitigation PWD will remove only those trees, which are extremely necessary considering road safety point, falling within 0.60 m off the edge of the pavement. The tree removal will be strictly monitored by the PIU. At least two trees will be planted for every tree removed. In all corridors the trees that will be cut and removed should be identified and marked. Pnror to the tree cutting, pennission will be obtained from the local forest officer (ACF) for the trees that will be removed by PWD. This can be carried out Just before the start of the construction work as the total number of trees involved will be very few in any given link. The Contractor will also help to identify and mark the trees together with the Environmental Officer of the PXW1D.There may be roads or specific locations where slight change in the alignment may be required without any land acquisition to save several valuable old trees. The contractor shall plant trees in the locations agreed with the PWD and the Local Forest Officer. The entire activity will be linked to the KSTP tree planting strategy. The tree planting strategy of KSTP and the associated tree planting will take care of most of the compensatory tree planting. Tree cutting will be carried out under a separate Contract. The Contractor will not be allowed to cut trees indiscriminately. Similarly the Utilities very close to the black top will be shifted to the edge of the carriageway. Although estimate is 150 only 400 trees (as against the required 300 trees) have been considered for replanting during Year I Maintenance Programme.

2.4.3 Maintenance Roads near Ecologically Sensitive Areas

There are a number of corridors, which passes through the ecologically sensitive areas. The eco-sensitive areas usually include reserved forests, sanctuaries, national parks, biosphere reserves and Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) areas.

The eco-sensitive roads are identified as shown in Exhibit 2.1 and Exhibit 2.2.

EXHIBIT 2.1 ROADS WHCH ARE CLOSE TO THE ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS

NO:rv NAME OF ROAD ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREA First Year Programme Of Maintenance 39 Thrissur- Kodungaillir The road passes through CRZ III area for about 100 m near Conolly canal and again near Puliut river. 42 Potta - Moonupeedika Passes through CRZ III for about 100 m near Conolly canal.

LBIIShe1adia'CESJCT 2.5 Kerala State Transport Project ESMP For Maintenance - October - 2001 N

SCALE Q/ Jeisoor hm2O 10 0 20 40 60 80 100km

,Chartwa7,

tT mbaY 14. WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

13. WAYANADWILDLIFE SANCTUARY t

NNU . Ipally

THALASSERY ,

alusss& QUILANa n n t t Border KOZHIKO~ ~ gUdallore) 12.SILENT VALLEY NATIONAL PARK

V iarurr - 11. PEEOHI-VAZHANIWILDLIFE SANCTUARY

10. CHIMMONIWILDLIFE SANCTUARY r

Pen Ia J . . 9. PARAMBIKULAMWILDLIFE SANCTUARY .

v ~~~PerirXblvt,,~7)

01 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~6.THATTEKKADWILDLIFE SANCTUARY M Tniprayar i ' 8. CHINNARWILDLIFE SANCTUARY Munnu,oeedika A

Pallippuran t i ~ vyi hZ0 .s+'

Vyph t -Chitl' \ 7. ERAVIKULAMNATIONAL PARK giUnnuka PO AR

&Th~ ~~.• 5 IDUKKIWILDLIFE SANCTUARY LEGEND LEGEND n . e t ~~~~~~~~~~~Vandanmedu State boundary medu YEAR ONE MAINTENANCE YEAR TWO MAINTENANCE Kid - -_ z- YEARTHREE MAINTENANCE Nee ~~~~~~~~~~~4.PERIYARTIGER RESERVE e e-u--e- Railway Line

River Mave , District boLndary M$ &}, Lake/Resevoir Wildlife Sanctuary Nat,ionald i * PifeSanct., BourryW KOLLA , O3. SHENDURNEY WILDLIFESANCTUARY

Forest Area ., /Z iVith, 2.PEPPARA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY Z ...... - - - - ...... VarkalaO1t

(S5urce-KERALA FORESTDEPARTMENT)

THIRUVANANTHAPUFA ii .NWRWIDIESACUR Vizhinjam EXHIBIT:-2.2 MAINTENANCEROADS IN RELATIONTO ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS OF KERALA LBH/Sheladia/CES/ICT Kerala State Transport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan -October 2001

44 Cherpu - The road passes through CRZ III area for about 100 m near Conolly canal. 64 Sulthan's Bathery - Road passes through Wayanad wild life sanctuary for about 6 km near Sulthan's Pulpalli Bathery. Endangered species such as Elephant, Nilgiri Langer, Lion tailed macaque, Sambar Wild bear, Black panther, Wild buffalo and Tiger are present in the sanctuary. It also passes through Kuppadi RF and Kurchiyat RF. Kallur RF and Rampur RF are located about 4 km away from the road near Sulthan's Bathery. Padri RF is about I to 2 km away from the road near Pulpalli. 60 Narukara - State border No parks or sanctuaries within seven km of the road. This road at present terninates at Nilambur. The portion between Nilambur and State border dropped mainly because of the Biosphere reserve. Near Nilambur the forests are located mostly separated by the river. The reserve forests close to Nilambur are partly or wholly converted to teak and rubber plantations. Nilambur RF, Panangode RF, Pokote RF, Edakode RF and small AmnarambalamRF on the left side of the road. 59 Quilandy - Road passes through CRZ III area for about I km near Ulliyeri where Thamarassery river crosses the road. Several swampy areas are also located near this place. Quilandy town is situated in CRZ II area. 129 Cherkala - Jelsoor road The road passes along the border of Karadka RF for about 3 km. Aduru RF is situated about 2 km away from the road. Second Year Programme Of Maintenance 205 Kulathupuzha - Anchal Yerur RF on both sides of the road for the first 7 km length and on the left of the - Punalur road for next 5 km length. Small Irattur RF about 2.5 km away at Anchal. Ayiranallur RF about 2 - 3 km away on north - east of road for almost the entire length. 63 Kuttyadi-Kellur Reserved forests in the last section in 215 Karuarakundu - Silent Valley National Park (Part of Nilgiri biosphere reserve) is within 7 km impact Kizhakkethara corridor of the road. Several endangered species such as Lion tailed macaque, Elephant, Nilgiri Langer etc. are present here. Very large Silent valley RF is also situated very close to the road. 27 Vandanmedu - Passes through RF. Kambam valley west RF in Tamil Nadu is also Cumbumbettu situated very close to the road. 234 Kallambalam - Varkala Last 500 m of the road passes through CRZ 11area. is also included in the list areas of outstanding natural beauty in CRZMP prepared by Govt. of Kerala. 9 Vizhinjam - The first 500 m of the road passes through CRZ III area. Kattakkada 36 Vypin - Pallipuram First I km of the road passes through CRZ II and III areas. A mangrove eco system area (CRZ I) is located at the beginning at a distance of about 50 m to the right of the road (for about 750 m length). After this, another mangrove eco system area is located on the left of the road (about 400 m away and for a length of about I kmn). The road passes through CRZ III area for a length of about 500 m near Murukkumpadam. The road again passes through CRZ III area for some small stretches. 121 Kozhikode Mini bye Passes through CRZ 11area for about 100 m near Conolly canal pass Third Year Programme Of Maintenance 62 Vythiri - Tharuvana The road passes along the border of small Lady Smith RF near Tariyod. Dense mixed jungle is present on the left of the road through out its length. 132 Thodupuzha - Idukki wild life sanctuary is very close to the road. Endangered species such as Paramada Elephant, Nilgiri Langer, Lion tailed macaque, Sambar Wild bear, Black panther, Bear Wild buffalo and Tiger are present in the sanctuary. Last 6km of the road pass through Thodupuzha RF. 28 Kumili - Poopara and tiger reserve is very close to the start of the road. Highly endangered species such as lion tailed monkey, tiger, leopard, Gaur; Elephant etc. are present in the tiger reserve. Periyar Lake RF, Cardamom hill RF (Cardamom), Rattendon valley annexe RF and Kambam valley west RF (Tamil Nadu) are also present inside the 7 km impact corridor. (Source:Survey of India maps, ForestDepartment and SEA)

LB[/Sheladia/CES/ICT 2.6 Kerala State Transpot PToject Environmental and Social Manateement Plan -October 2001

Mitigation: The maintenance roads, which pass through or located very close to the sanctuary areas need special mitigation efforts during construction. These efforts include

1. Avoidance of any tree cutting, fire wood collection, collection of fruits, nuts and other forest produce and resources etc from the sanctuary (Impact on Flora) 2. Speed restriction (range 20-40 km per hour depending on the exact location) is to be maintained during construction and operational phase of the project in case the sanctuary is very close (within one kilometre) to the project road 3. Prevention and prohibition of hunting by the workers or any one associated with the road maintenance works (Impact on Fauna) 4. Ban on locating any construction or labour camps, Borrow areas within 7 kilometre of the Sensitive ecological unit. 5. Avoidance of rock blasting nears the eco-sensitive areas. 6. Signage indicating presence of wildlife as that will lead to the avoidance of the accidents involving wild animals. 7. Any other site-specific mitigation measures such as fencing which will be identified during the implementation.

The link-wise assessment of the environmental impacts in the Year I Maintenance Programme is shown in Exhibit 2.3.

2.5 SOCIAL ANALYSIS

2.5.1 Introduction

The project will not impact any private properties or encroachers or squatters due the planned maintenance acivities. There will not be any need for additional land acquisition for maintenance considerations. The Maintenance Programme will not have any adverse impact on people. No squatters and encroachers have been identified as affected due to the planned maintenance activities.

PWD will maintain status quo in all the areas including critical areas with an improved road safety measures such as lining and signing. There will be waming signs and speed control provisions (bumbs, rumble strips etc) as a part of the proposed road safety measures. Hence there will not be any Squatters and Encroachers due to the implementation of the project. The status quo approach will not make it necessary to identify the Squatters and Encroachers even in the critical stretches.

One of the impediments to the adoption of modem pavement technology is the perceived social implication of abandoning manual construction methods. First to reintroduce routine maintenance -routine maintenance is by nature, labour intensive; Second is to provide footpaths along the roads wherever possible.

2.5.2 Cultural Properties

There are a number of cultural properties by the side of the maintenance roads. These cultural properties are shrines, churches, mosques, temples, tree shrine etc. However, the Maintenance programme will not affect any of the cultural properties. In case any cultural property is affect, the project will adopt the provisions of the Cultural Property

LBll]Sheladia'CESilCT 2.7 Kerala State Transport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan - October 2001

EXHIBIT 2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS DUE TO MAINTENANCE PROGRAMME Proximity or presence of any sensitive issue/ area/ activity Tree Link Name of Road Proposed Maintenance Important Removal No: Work Eco sensitive zones if any Drainage issues Road safety Water due to issues bodies safety reasons

Thiruvananthapura Cleaning of culverts, raisinaou The side drains are Very small RF about 3 si Sharp reverse No major I m - Kottarakkara pavement levels and their km away at Thaikkod placssn at om curves rivers (Thaikkod) strengthening at some places places Thrivers

80 Thiruvananthapura Cleaning culverts and Chulimala RF, Pachamala RF and Drainge is average Sharpa otheam m-Poni-nudi strengtliening pavernent Kottur RFR -al- all aboutaou I1 too 2 kmk aayDringeaway tlirotighout the length horizontalorzota -- peeniaperennial 6~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Kotu from the road. curves streams cross

______~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~theroad. Kaliyar river,

29 Thodupuzha _ Cleaning of culverts and Maniyandram RF, Ezhallur RF and Data currently Kothamangal 29 Thdupuza Claningof clvert andThodupuzha RF- all about 2 km Some culverts arc in not available am river and 7 Unnukal strengthening pavement, wy a clogged condition. (To be several away. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~provided) streams cross the road. Periyar valley irrigation

Aluva - f Cl ~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Severalproject main 34 Aluva _CStrengthening of clvemnts None identified. Drainage structures horizontal and nal and a 6 Kothamangalam Strengthening of pavement. are adequate. vertical curves perennial streams cross the road.

LB311/Shcladia/CES/ICT Kerala StateTransport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan - October 2001

EXHIBIT 2.3 (CONTINUED) ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS DUE TO MAINTENANCE PROGRAMME

Proximity or p sence of any se sitive issue/ area/ acti vity Link Name of Road Proposed Maintenance Tree No: (Link no) Work Eco sensitive zones if any Drainage Road safety issues Water bodies Removal issues (Numbe rs) Drainage Passes through CRZ III area for about condition , New side drains, 100 m near Connolly canal and again ranges from Connolly Thrissur - cleaning of culverts and near Pullut river. Many paddy fields in medium to Data currently not canal, Pullut Kodungallur strengthening of the area. Huge trees on the shoulders poor. available(To be River and 12 pavement, produce green tunnel effect Stagnation of provided) many canals water is observed in cross the road. some areas. Side drains at flood Passes through CRZ III area for about Drainage Many 42 Potta - prone locations, cleaning lOOm near Connolly canal. Many paddy structures are Data currently not irrigation Munnupeedika of choked culverts and fields in the Project Influence Area and anequate In avaidabe (d o e canals criss - 0 strengthening pavement. not along the road. number and provided) cross the area. size. Passes through CRZ III area for about P Data currently not Many Cherpu - Cleaning choked culverts lOOmnear Connolly canal. The road Poor drainage available (To be irrigation Thriprayar avement, gpasses through paddy field areas. strhes, pvaided canals in the pavemieiit . stretclhes. provided) PIA.

The corridor falls under Nilgiri biosphere reserve. It passes through A number of Cleaning and structural Wayanad wild life sanctuary for about Drains are n - 64 Sulthan Bathery - repair of culverts and 6km near Sulthan Bathery. It also passes choked and Sl nni- 13 Pulpally strengthening of through Kuppadi RF and Kurchiyat RF. are absent in strea pavement. Kallur RF, Rampur RF and Padri RF - many places. the road. all are about I to 4 km away. All the RFs are part of the wild life sanctuary.

LBII/Sheladia/CES/ICT Kerala State Transport Prolect Environintental and Social Management Plan - October 2001

EXHIBIT 2.3 (CONTINUED) ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS DUE TO MAINTENANCE PROGRAMME Proximity or presence of any sensitive issue/ area/ activity Link Name of Road Proposed Maintenance Road Tree No: (Link no ) Work Eco sensitive zones if any Drainage issues isuesY Water bodies Removal Issues (Numbers)

No parks or sanctuaries within 7 km of No the road. Some reserved forests - shoulder Vadapuram river Cleaning and structural Nilambur RF, Panangode RF, Pokote RF, Hillside kuccha for most and small repirf clvets iidEdakode RF and small Amarambalam RF dan i msigof testreams cross the 60 Bordostrengthening of - are located near Nilambur separated by wlich could result length road. Chaliyar 34 Border pavement Strengthening the Chaliyar river. These are about inm future drainage The river is very of pavement km away from the road. The reserve problems. corridor close to the road close to Nlambur are partly or pforests r for about 6km wholly converted to teak and rubber curves. after . ______plantations. 58 Kozhikode - Cleaning and structural None present Drainage ranges Sharp Connolly canal, Mavur repair of culverts and from average to reverse river strengthening of poor. The side curves. and 2 streams pavement Minor repair drains are missing at cross the road. and cleaning of some some places. Chaliyar river is O culverts, strengthening of Existing side drains very close to the pavement. have partially filled road. up.

|59 Quilandy - Cleaning and structural Road passes through CRZ Ill area for Average drainage Nearly Korapuzha river, Thamarassery repair of culverts and about I kin near Ulliyeri where conditions. no Thalayat river strengthening of Korapuzha river crosses the road. Several shoulders and other pavement. Rising of road swampy areas are also located near this . streams cross the 26 profile in some areas and place. Quilandy town is situated in CRZ road. Korapuzha strengthening of 11area. is parallel to the pavement. road for a length I h __ .C _ _ _ of 12km. _

LBII/Sheladia/CES/ICT KeiralaState TranisportProject Environmental and Social Management Plan- October 2001

121 Thaliparamba - Cleaning and structural Some small patches of open mixed Drainage is poor. At Sharp The road is Iritty repair of culverts and jungle. No parks or sanctuaries or some places, side reverse parallel and very strengthening of reserved forests. drains are missing. curves. close to 2 pavement. Minor repairs 5 and cleaning of a few river for the last culverts 7km. 129 Cherkala - Jelsoor Cleaning and structural The road passes along the border of Drainage ranges Data Banatpadi stream repair of culverts and Karadka RF for about 3km. Aduru RF is from medium to currently and several non strengthening of about 2km away from the road. poor. No hill - side not - perennial pavement. drains. available streams cross the 9 (To be road. provided

LBII/Sheladia/CES/ICT KeralaState Transport Proiect Environmentaland Social Management Plan -October 2001

RehabilitationPolicy, which is applicable across the entire project. This policy has laid out the general guidelines to deal with the problem.

The Most Important Religious Properties That Attracts Large Scale Pilgrims Of Importance are as follows:

Link 205 Lord Ayyappa temples at Shasthamkonam Link 27 Ettumanoor Mahadeva temple also important place enrout to Sabarimala Link 34 Famous pilgrim centre at Aluva. Periyar River: a very important place for Shivarathri festival Link 39 Kodungalloor is a town of immnensehistorical importance and an ancient centre of trade and commerce with the Jews, Phoenicians, Greeks, Roman and the Arabs. The thriller city was earlier known as to the Greeks and Romans and was the major natural Port in the western coast till 13th century when a cataclysm silted its mouth and opened the Port at Cochin, resulting in the shift of commerce. It had been the first settlement for the Jews, Christians and Muslims in India. The town is famous for its Cheraman Juma Masjid built in 625 A.D. dilapidated synagogue, Portuguese fort, Saint Thomas Memorial church and Kurumba Bhagavathi temple of the Bharani Festival fame. Link 42 The corridor traverses through pre-eminently residential and commercial areas. No cultural property, historical monument or places of religious importance are located along the corridor in the ROW. Potta (Muringoor) is a newly emerged Christian Divine Retreat Centre, frequented by large number of pilgrims during all days of the year. Koodalmanikya Temple dedicated to Bharatha, the brother of Lord Rama is another attraction. Link 44 Thriprayar is famous for its Hindu Temple.

An improvement in the road condition may bring more traffic to these corridors because of its location close to the religious places. However, none of these religious properties will be adversely affected due to the Maintenance programme.

2.5.3 Access problems & Traffic disruption

In all activities associated with road works in Kerala access problems could be a social issue because of the ribbon development. This is more important due to the fact that along narrow road corridors numerous schools, hospitals, markets etc are also located. This is more important due to the fact that along narrow road corridors numerous schools, hospitals, markets etc are also located. It is expected that there will be some traffic disruption during construction

Mitigation This necessitates good public relations and there should be trained local (language) people to deal with such issues. There should be consultation prior to the maintenance activities and also towards the middle of the maintenance activities.

A fornal traffic management plan will be agreed between the Contractor and the PWD to International Standard before commencing the work on any link. The necessary costs have been included in the Bill of Quantities.

LBII/Sheladia'CES/ICT '.8 3 KeralaState Transport Project Environmentaland Social Management Plan -October 2001

2.5.4 Tribal settlements

Link 64 passes through Wayanad wildlife sanctuary and also very close to many tribal settlements. A major temple located near the corridor is the Pulpalli Sita Devi Temple, which I is in the tribal area. The corridor passes through the tribal areas and villages: Sulthans Bathery, Chethalayam, Pulpally, Mullankoly, Pathanikuppu, Perikallur. The corridor is important from the social point of view as it offers connectivity to the native, indigenous tribes. Native tribes mainly consists of various sects like Paniyas, Kurumas, diyars, Kurichyas, Ooralis, Kattunaikkans, etc. The corridor falls under the Nilgiri biosphere reserve, which also has tribals. This particular road will be largely useful to the development of the tribal areas. The road maintenance activities will positively benefits the tribal settlements in the region.

2.5.5 Road safety

3 The road safety audit was carried out for the improvement roads. As an outcome of this audit, there is road safety action plan, which is applicable to the Maintenance programme as well. Through the Maintenance programme, there will be a reduction of poor surfaces and | potholes, which will reduce the risk of accidents caused.

Mitigation: Improve lining and signing, provision for pedestrians, parking areas, need for traffic calming, crash barriers and speed barriers are some of the road safety measures that will be undertaken for the Maintenance programme.

| In the operational phase, the PWD will use the road safety manual that has been prepared. This is applicable to complete road network of Kerala including Maintenance roads. A number of measures have been included such as I * Road safety Council for mentoring and implementing various road safety measures * Driver education I * Awareness programme * Lining signing * Trained traffic policing * Education for school children etc

| 2.5.6 Common Property Resources Issues

The common properties resources along the roadsides include Public Wells, Public Water taps, bore wells and other water sources, bus waiting sheds, facilities available for parking areas and pedestrian facilities. It is likely that some of the common property resources are affected.

* Mitigation. The water taps will be shifted away from the corridor. The bore wells will be shifted only if practical to obtain same yield away from the existing location. If affected the R | & R policy will be applicable as per the check list given in Section 2.5.7.

2.5.7 Provision for R & R

However, during implementation if any person is adversely impacted, then the R&R policy 'wllbe implemented. A concise check list for the social impacts for the contractors is added

LBII/Sheladia/CESAICT 2.9 Kerala StateTransport Project Environmental and Social ManaeementPlan -October2001

in case the R& R policy and RAP are to be implemented. under the project. The checklist is | as follows:

A. Contractor to measure the existing width and the required width

B. If a structure/plot of land is affected: * Identify the location(chainage, side (L/R),existing width ,modified width) I * Identify the owner user address * Measure the area of the affected land * Identify and details what else is lost (well, tank, trees etc) * Refer the RAP for Mitigation measures * Identify the number of trees and the ownership (public / private) of the tree to be 3 removed.

C. If a CPR (well, hand pump, Schools, etc) is affected: * Identify the location (chainage, side(E/R),existing width, modified width) * Identify if these are privately owned or owned by the government * Measure the affected area and identify the owner I * In case of private owners, follow the RAP mitigating measures * In case of Public properties coordinate with the PWD and the relevant affected government department to rehabilitate the affected CPR.

D. If a religious/Cultural property is affected: * Identify the location( Chainage ,side(L/R))existing width, modified width) * Identify the property (Temple ,Church, mosque, Hyundi, etc) * Measure the area affected and identify the quantum of loss) | * For compensation and benefits enhancement measures refer to the RAP.

E. The contractor will be responsible to administer the check list in the field. The R & R co- | ordinator of the PIU will provide the clearance note prior to the commencement of the civil works.

The social issues due to Year 1 Maintenance programme are shown in Exhibit 2.4. l I l I l

LBIUSheladiaCESilCT 2 l() l m ------m - m -

Kcrala State rl'ransportProject Environmental and Social Management Plan - October 2001

EXHIBIT 2.4 SOCIAL ISSUES DUE TO F[RST YEAR MAINTENANCE PROGRAMME SOCIAL ISSUES Link Name of Road Proposed Maintenance t ourist No: Work Cultural Properties/ Squatters Encroachers Potential Land Tribal Settle- Ilistorical Monuments Affected Affected Use ments

Thinivananthapura Improvement and Cleaning No cultural properties or N . Used by the tourists Residential, i m - Kottarakkara ofculverts, raismg pavement historic monuments are None identified. None coming from the north to commercial and None present (Tlhaikkod) levels and their strengthening affected. dentified. reach . cultivation. at some places

The road is a main route Rsdnil Thimuvanantlha- Improvement Cleaning No cultural propertiea or None to traffic deatinations Rsdnil 80 culverns a d strengpening historic monuments are None identified. Noned. commerlcoRe d None present. puranm- Ponmudi c pvrsavdemtentlnngfisorctmnuents ar oeietfe, ietfe, such as Ponmudi, Kallar, agricultural. pavementaffected. ~~~~~~~~~~~~Neyyarand Peppara. Residential and of No cultural properties or None identified. None rad Saarie ava interminlpressent. 29 TiodupuzhaUnnttkal - culvertslmprovemetit and strengtheningCleaning historic monumenitsare identified. tafcdrn aaiaa itrnnld Nn rset pavement, affected. pilgrimiage season, with greenery.

An important pilgrim No cultural properties or centre is located on the Aluva -historic monuments are NnletbkofPryrivr Residential, hthamangalamo4 Strengthening of pavement. affected. None identified, identified, near Aluva. The anual c lmmtrcal d Noe 'I'he annual Sivarathri fair is Sivarathri fair is held arclua held here. here.

Both Thrissur and Kodungallur are famous for Newside drains,cean their historical importance Thrissur - New side drains, cleaning of and many religious None identified. None Thrissur is a major tourist Residential and None present. Kodungallur pavement. structures. identified. attraction in the state. commercial No cultural properties or historic monuments are affected.

No cultural properties or Side drains at flood prone historic monuments are Norie Residential and 42 Potta - locations, cleand ng ofchioked affected. None identified. identified. To be ideiitified. commercial None present. Munnupeedika culverts and strengthening A Christian prayer centre at area. pavement. Potta.

LBIl!Sheladia/CES/ICT - m - m ------

Cerala Ste Transport Project Environmentlal and Social Management Planl- October 2001

EXHIBIT 2.4 (CONTINUED) SOCIAL ISSUES DUE TO FIRST YEAR MAINTENANCE PROGRAMME

Link Name of Road Proposed Maintenance SOCIAL ISSUES No: Work Cultural Properties/ Hlistorical Squatters Encroachers Tourist Potential Land Use Tribal Monuments Affected Affected Settlements

None

Cherpu - Cleaning choked culvers an Famous temple at Thriprayar. identified. te 4 Th4 prayar strengthening of pavement. No cultural properties or historic identified. To be identified. Residential and commercial. None present. monuments are affected.

Tribal belt

- A major Sita Devi temipleat None number of tribal Sulthan Bathery Cleaning and structural repatir Pul ally. ideentified. None Sulthan Bathery is Mainly Dense forests and settlements Pulpally of cuiverts and strengthenng No cultural properties or historic identified. a tourist attraction plantatione. aulpsrte toat monuments are affected.SutaBthr and Pulpally Settlements are Narukara - State New culverts in hilly portion, No cultural properties or Ilistoric None Road to important concentrated towards the No tribal 60 prprisNoru on tourist center Ooty first half of the road. The Border streiigthening of pavement. niotluments are affected, identified. identified. in Tamil Nadu. hillportion is sparsely settlements. ______populated.

Kozhikode - Minor repair and cleaning of No cultural properties or historic None None Predominant land use is No tribal 58 Mavur some culverts, strengthening monuments are affected, identified. identified. None identified. residential. settlement. of pavement.

Quilandy - Rising of road profile in No cultural properties or historic None None Commercial and No tribal 59 Tamarassery some areas and strengtlenig monuments are affected identified. identified. None Identified agricultural. settlements. haaCES/CofTpavement. assy

Ll3][/She1ad,a/CFS/1CT m - m ------m - -

KcralaState Transpon Projen Environmentaland Social Management Plani- October 2001

EXHIBIT 2.4 (CONTINUED) SOCIAL ISSUES DUE TO FIRST YEAR MAINTENANCE PROGRAMME

Link Name of Road Proposed Mlaintenance SOCIAL ISSUES No: (Link no) Work Cultural Properties/ Squatters Encroachers Tourist Potential Lnd U Tribal Historical Monuments Affected Affected an se Settlements

Predominant land uses are

129 Cherkala - Some new culverts and No cutural propertics or identified. None identified. residential atnd comercial No tribal Jelsoor strengthening of pavenment. affected. agricultire or forest towards sctte the final reaches.

None Residential, commercial and 121 Thaliparamba - Minor repairs and cleaning of historic monuments are identified. None identified. None identified ericunturallaches. No tribal Iritty a few culverts Certain final reaches are settlements. affected. covered with forests.

L 5Il/S heladsiaCESIic'r KeralaState Transport Project Environmentaland Social Management Plan -October 2001

3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ACTION PLAN 3.1 GENERAL

Maintenance work generates positive impacts by eliminating or minimising environmental issues and impacts caused by the deterioration of road surfaces, drains and shoulders. Recurrent and periodic maintenance reduces the rate of road deterioration and maintains the 3 ride quality of a road. The reduction of poor surfaces and potholes reduces the risk of accidents by drivers circumnavigating bad areas and improved surfaces. The maintenance actually reduces fuel consumption and the overall running costs. The maintenance activities will also contribute positively to the social welfare of the road users and people at large.

3.2 INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM

The institutional structure within the PWD / PIU proposed for the implementation of the Phase I Widening and improvement corridors shall be extended to the maintenance I programme also. The Project Implementation Unit (PIU) with the Environmental and Social Management Cell will be responsible for ensuring that environmental and social safeguards are met in the maintenance programme. This Cell is headed by a Joint Director, who is I supported an Environmental Officer and a Social Development Officer. This Cell comprises an Environmental Monitoring Unit and a Social Development Cell.

3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL& SOCIAL IMPACT MITIGATION COSTS

The project has included provision of I % of the total cost (Rs. 9.36 million) towards I environmental and social impact mitigation and enhancements. The cost can be considered mainly towards full filling the following areas. The detailed requirements are not worked out but will be decided prior to the construction work depending on the local requirements.

Parking areas and bus lay-bys The existing parking areas (Auto-rickshaws, Cara, Jeeps, Tempos etc) shall be integrated without affecting the free flow of traffic. The costs for these I will be borneunder the 1% budget allocated. Dust Nuisance: Nuisance during the work will be addressed by frequent watering of all areas I susceptible to dust nuisance. No separate costing is included. This will be a part of the original contract work.

| Pollution of water sources; As a part of generic ESMAP, all the solid and liquid wastes from the construction sites including the vehicle maintenance locations will be collected and 3 disposedoff properly.No separatecosting included.

Storage or Disposal of Surplus Material: Debris shall be dumped away from watercourses at a sufficient distance determined by the site-specific conditions from the roadside. The Environmental officer of the Project Implementation Unit will ascertain the site-specific condition. No separate costing is included. This will be a part of the contract costs.

I Tree cutting and planting: Before the start of the maintenance work, all the trees to be cut and removed shall be clearly marked and checked and certified by the Environmental Monitoring Unit of the Project Implementation Unit. The tree cutting will be carried out under a separate contract. The costs for tree planting is not included in the I %

LBII/Sheladia/CES"ICT 3.2 Kerala StateTransport Project Environmental and Social ManagementPlan -October 2001

Environmental and social mitigation cost. This is part of the compensatory tree planting cost included in the Phase I Highway improvement component.

Tree cutting will be carried out under a separate contract by PIU. The estimated tree removal is 150 numbers only (Ref. Exhibit 2.4). However, a total of 400 trees (as against the required 300 trees) have been considered for new tree-planting under the common tree plantation strategy to compensate for the cutting in the maintenance programme. These trees will be planted along the sides of the roads in the Phase I Highway Improvement component. As discussed in the tree planting strategy, these trees will be along the road section (Oxbow land) where realignments have been considered and also along the existing Purmaboke land (formed after land acquisition is complete).

Traffic Disruption: A formal traffic management plan adhering to International Standards will be agreed between the Contractor and the PWD / PIU before commencing the work on any link. There should be proper safety arrangements during construction works. The cost will be met from the original contract.

Encroachers and Squatters: In the unlikely situation of having to resettle or rehabilitate encroachers and squatters, the R & R policy will apply and the associated costs will be met within the 1% budget that has been allocated.

Common property resources: If these properties are affected, these will be relocated or reconstructed. The cost will be part of the engineering cost.

Access roads / paths: Any repairs pertaining to access roads / paths to residences / commercial premises that is caused due to the maintenance activities will be undertaken. The costs will be met within the 1% budget that has been allocated.

3.4 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (ESMAP) FOR MAINTENANCEACTIVITIES

The PWD will ensure that the Contractor adopts the requirements included in the ESMAP, which are shown in Exhibit 3.1 and 3.2. Exhibit 3.1 includes the generic mitigation measures, the timeframe, the locations, the implementing organisation, responsible organisation and the reference to Contract clauses. And, Exhibit 3.2 includes the additional specific impact mitigation measures.

A Contractor's Environmental Management Action Plan will be prepared based on ESMP prior to the commencement of construction. This will indicate how the Contractor plans to implement environmental requirements as stated in the General Conditions of Contract clause 19 titled " Safety, Security and Protection of the Environment." These Contractor's plans will be submitted along with the Construction schedule and will be approved by the PWD.

The environmental and social mitigation measures will be implemented by the Contractors. This will be monitored by the PIU through Supervision / Quality Assurance Consultants. Appropriate indicators will be used for the monitoring and reporting. These Consultants will have the expertise to supervise the contractors on environmental and social issues. If required, the PIU will use the PCC to train PWD officials and contractors on environmental and social issues.

LBII/Sheladia/CESAICT 3.2 ------m ------

Kerala State I'ransport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan-October 2001

EXHIBIT 3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (ESMAP) (GENERIC FOR MAINTENANCE CONTRACTS ONLY)

Environmental Mitigation Measures taken or to be taken Time frame Location lemening Responsible Organisation ReferenceContract to the Ilinpact OrganisationDouet a) All vehicles delivering materials to the site Air PollUtion shall be covered to avoid spillage of materials. b) The Contractor shall take every precaution to reduce the level of dust emission from the hot mix plants up to the satisfaction of the Engineer. The hot-mix plant sited at least 150m from the nearest habitation. However, new plants shall not be put up within any notified, protected or reserved forest areas. The hot-mix plants shall be fitted with dust extraction units in order that the exhausts comply with the requirements of the relevant Through out MOST: 111.9 current emission control legislation. Project (amended) c) All existing highways and roads used by D Corridors, vehicles of the contactor, or any of his sub- uring all access The Environmental Officer MOST: 111.5 Dust contactors or supplies of materials or plant and roads, sites Contractor (EO) of PIU and similarly roads that are part of the works and temporarily KSPCB MOST: 111.8 shall be kept clean and clear of all dust/mud Construcion acquired or other extraneous materials dropped by and all MOST: 111.9 such vehicles. borrow d) Clearance shall be effected immediately by areas. MOST: 111.10 rnanual sweeping and removal of debris, or if so directed by the Engineer, by mechanical sweeping and clearing equipment, and all dust, mud and other debris shall be removed completely. Additionally, if so directed by the Engineer, the road surfaces shall be hosed or watered using necessary equipment. e) Plants, machinery and equipment shall be so handled (including dismantling) so as to minimize generation dust.

LBII/Sheludia/CES/ICT - m ------

Kerala StateTransport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan-October 2001

EXHIBIT 3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (ESMAP) (GENERIC FOR MAINTENANCE CONTRACTS ONLY)

. Reference to the nvIronmentact MitigationMeasures taken or to be taken Time frame Location Organisation ResponsibleOrganisation Documents MOST: I1 1.5 The exhaust gases shall comply with the Locationto (amended) Emissionfrom Hot requirements of the relevant current emission During be identified PIU -Mix plants control legislation. All operations at plants shall construction prior to Contractor EO MOST: 111.5 be undertaken in accordance with all current rules construction KSPCB (amended) and regulations protecting the environment. a) The hot-mix plant be sited at least 150m from Through out the nearest habitation. However, new plants Project shall not bc put up within any notified, used Corridors, MOST: 111.13 Emission from for construction shall confirm to the relevant access PlU (amended) Hot-MixPlantsBuearue of Indian Standard (BIS) norms. Durinlg roads, sites CotrcorU E lpietPanisd b) All vehicles, equipment and machinery used Construction temporarily Contractor EO Machinery for construction shall be regularly acquired KSPCB MOST: I.13 MahieY maintained to ensure that pollution emission and all (amended) levels comply with the relevant requirements bofow of KSPCB and the Engineer. areas.

All crushers used in construction shall conform to All Pollutionfrom relevant dust emission control as legislated. A t I MOST: 111.13 Pollutsonfrom Clearance for siting shall be obtained from the During Aggregate Contractor PU (amended) KSPCB. Alternatively, only crushers already Construction Crushing licensed by the KSPCB shall be used. Plants Asphalt mixing sites will be sited over 500 m from any communities. During Asphalt PIU Specification It1, Asphalting Mixing equipment will be well confined, and be Construction mixing sites Contractor EO 111.5 equipped with a dust-removal device. Operators will wear dust masks and ear protection AirPollution Vehicles and machinery are to be regularly Throughout Operating PIU Air Pollution maintained in order that emissions conform to Tructon area of Contractor EO 1.5it National and State Standards -tmachine KSPCB

Lu I l/Sheladia/CEs!IcT 2 Mm- - m ------M- -

Kerala State Tralisport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan-October 2001

EXHIBIT 3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (ESMAP) (GENERIC FOR MAINTENANCE CONTRACTS ONLY)

Environmental Implementing ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Referenceto the Impact MitigationMeasures taken or to be taken Time frame Location Organisation ResponsibleOrganisation Contract Impact organisation ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Documents

Noise a) The plants and equipment used in construction (including the aggregate from vehicles, crushing plant) shall strictly conform to the Plants and Gol noise standards. Equipment. b) All vehicles and equipment used in construction shall be fitted with exhaust silencers. Maintenance of vehicles, equipment and machinery shall be regular and proper, to the satisfaction of the Engineer, to keep noise from these at a minimum. c) In construction sites with in 150 in of the nearest habitation and 500m of protected and reserved forests, noisy construction work MOST: 111.13 such as cnsiling, mechanical compaction, Throughout PIU etc, will be stopped between 2100 hours to Throughout the EQ 0600 hours. In silence zone (areas tip to construction construction Contractor B 100m around such premises as hospitals, MOST: 111,13 educational institutional and courts) no hot corndors lmix or aggregate crushing plant will be allowed. No construction shall take place withinl 100 rn arouLid hospitals from 2100 hours to 0600 hotirs. d) In constructioll sites with in 150 m of the nearest habitation and 500m of protected and reserved forests, noisy constniction work such as crushing, mechanical compaction etc, will be stopped between 2100 hotirs to 0600 hours. In silence zone ( areas up to 100 nm around such premises as hospitals, educational institutional and courts) no hot mix or aggregate crushing plant will be allowed. No construction shall take place

LBI/Shcladia/CES/JCT 3 - - - - m------

Kerala State Transport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan-October 2001

EXHIBIT 3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (ESMAP) (GENERIC FOR MAINTENANCE CONTRACTS ONLY)

Enivironmenjtal Implementing Rfrnet h Impact Mitigation Measures taken or to be taken Time frame Location Organisation Responsible Organisation Contract Documents with in 100 m around hospitals from 2100 hours to 0600 hours. e) Workers in vicinity of strong noise, and workers working with or in crushing, compaction, or concrete mixing operations shall be provided protective I clothings and appliances. WATER l In sections along watercourses, earth and stone will be properly disposed of so as not to Whenever block rivers and streams, thereby preventing encountered D)esignUnit and S Alteration of adverse impact on water quality. dnLoing Construction Contractor EO 201,301, 304,Sl drainage All necessary measures have been taken to contConin.sitruction01Contrac0or | drainage prevent earthworks and stone works related to Contractor Irrigation Department 306, 309 the road from impeding drainage at rivers, streams and canals or existing irrigation and drainage systems. C_I Construction materials or waste likely to give rise to contaminated containing fine particles Throughout Through out PIU Silting e.g., in lime or fly ash will be stored in an construction constructionhrCoattractor EO n enclosure such that sediment-laden water does pro.cntuto riainDp.36 0.. not drain into nearby watercourses, but rather perod, sites percolatesslowly into the soil. I The discharge standards promulgated under Throughout Contamination of the Environmental Protection Act, 1986 shall Throughout Project PIU Water from be strictly adhered to. All waste arising from constructioni Corridors, all Contractor EO MOST: III.13 Construction the project is to be disposed off in a manner pro. access roads KSPCB MS:111 Wastes that is acceptable to the Kerala State Pollution period. etc Borrow Control Board (KSPCB) and the Engineer areas I

LBIIl/Sheladia/CES/ICT 4 m - - - - - m m ------

Kerala State Transport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan-October 2001

EXHIBIT 3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (ESMAP) (GENERIC FOR MAINTENANCE CONTRACTS ONLY)

nv ronmental _ - .ementing Reference to the Environmental Mitigation Measurestaken or to be taken Time frame Location Organisation ResponsibleOrganisation Contract Organisation ~~~~Documents

Sewerage Disposal Throughout PIU Specification during A minimum distance of any sewage or toilet construction Contrator EO 111.9ut Construction at facility from water sources will bc 200 metres. constperiod. KSPCBE Services Centres. a)The work shall be carried out in such a manner that pollution of natural watercourses, ponds, tanks and reservoirs is avoided. b)Vehicle, machinery & equipment I maintenance and refuelling shall be done in Throughouit MOST: 111.4 Contamination a manner as specified in the E.M.P section Projact Corridors, PIU from fuel and concerning 'Contamination of Soil by al acccss roads, Contractor EO MOST: 113.13 lubricants Construction wastes' to prevent pollution sires all KSPCB to water. acquired and all MOST: 111.13 c) Waste pollution products will be collected, borrow areas. stored and taken to approve disposal sites in compliance of KSPCB guidelines or any other relevant laws, and to the entire .______satisfaction of the Engineer. _ .___. * Sufficient measures will be taken in the construction camps, i.e. provision of garbage tanks and sanitation facilities. Waste in septic tanks will be cleared Sanitation and periodically as necessary. Before and during Waste Disposal in * Drinking water will rmeet ildianiNational building of Cont r P[U Specification Construction Standards. constructio Contractor KSPCB 122, 201.2, Camps * Garbage will be collected and disposed of camps. 201.4, 306 daily. * Special attention shall be paid to the sanitary condition of camps. * Camps will be located at a minimum distance of 200 m from water sources.

LBii/Shbladia'CES/ICT 5 ------m ------

Kerala StateTransport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan-October 2001

EXHIBIT 3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (ESMAP) (GENERIC FOR MAINTENANCE CONTRACTS ONLY)

Reference to the Environmental MitigationMeasures taken or to be taken Time frame Location Organisation ResponsibleOrganisation Contract Documents Borrow pits have been identified outside the ROW Before opening additional borrow pits .PU IRC:10 1961 Borrowpits operating pits shall be closed as per the IRC Durmig Contractor EO Specification Specification.Contractor to prepare a Borrow construction EQ 111.2,305.2.2 and Quarry area rehabilitationplan I Construction plant and equipment will meet Equipment recognised international standards for Specification Equipment emissionsand will be maintainedand operated During106, IRC:72- Selection in a manner that ensures relevant air, noise, Duruig Contractor PIt 1978; IRC:90- maintenance and and discharge regulations are met. Contractor c t0 1985, 111.9, operation to prepare a Borrow and Quarry area 201.3 rehabilitation plan Quarrying will be carried out at approved and During PlU Specification Quarrying licensed quarries only. construction Contractor EO 111.3,302,

| SOIL 305.2.2______3 On slopes and other suitable places along the Upon completion roadside, trees and grass will be planted. On ofconstruction Soil Erosion and their slopes will be(>3 mc)eand deepop cuttinge sites. All erosion Contractor Contractor Specification Soil Conservation with grass, etc. If existing irrigation and prone areas Soil conservation Dept 306 drainage system ponds are damaged, they will Duringlll be suitably repaired. construction Borrowing within the R.O.W. is prohibited- Borrowing of under this contract. Arrangement for locating During All borrow Contractor PIU MOST: Earth the source of supply of material for construction areas. Agricultural Dept 305.2.2.2 embankment and sub-grade as well aslII l ~~~~~Instretches where the road side slopes supportlll better and productive soils, the topsoil shall be Throughout MOST: 301.3.2, Loss of stripped to a specified depth of 150mm and Du.n arget IU MOST: 3 3. agriclturltosoilstored in stockpiles of height not exceeding g orridor and Contractor MS:3533 agriculturalstopool2ni. Such stockpiled topsoil will be returned to construction ill borrow Agricultural Department MOST: 305.3.9, cover the disturbed area and cut slopes. reas. MOST: 301.7 Residual topsoil will be disturbed on I I_I

LBI[/SheladialCES/ICT 6 m - m ------

Kerala StateTransport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan-October 2001

EXHIBIT 3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (ESMAP) (GENERIC FOR MAINTENANCE CONTRACTS ONLY)

Reference to thel Environmental Implementing Rfrnet h Impact MitigationMeasures taken or to be taken Time frame Location Organisation ResponsibleOrganisation Contract Documents adjoining/proximate barren/rocky areas as identified by the Engineer in a layer of thicknessof 75mm - 150 mm. complianceto environmental requirements in respect of excavation and borrow areas as stipulated, from time to time by the MoEF and the local bodies, as applicable, shall be the sole responsibility of the contractor. Borrow pits shall not be dug continuously. Degradation of The location, shape and size of the designated During All borrow MOST: Borrow Areas borrow areas shall be as approved by the uosrictAllnborrow. Conitractor PIU 305.2.2.2 Engineer. No borrow area shall be opened . without permission of the Engineer. a) In borrow pits, the depth of the pits are so regulated that the sides of the excavation will have a slope not steeper than l vertical to 4 horizontal, from the edge of the final section of bank. MOST: b) The work shall consist of measures as per Through out 305.2.2.2 design, or as directed by the Engineer to Project l control soil erosion, sedimentation and b orrow areas Soil Erosion water pollution, through use of berms, Duringiborroars Contractor P[U dikes, sediment basins, fibber mats, & equipment MOST: 306s1 mulches, grasses, slope drains and other storage sites, MOST: 306.4 devices. All temporary sedimentation and etc. (aMended) pollution control works and maintenance (amended) thereof will be deemed, as incidental to the earth work and other items of work and as such no separate payment will be made for them. TlhrouLglhoLut Contami.ation of Vehiclc/ machinery and equipment Project Soil hy Fiel and maintenanceu and refuelling shall be carried During Corridors, all Contractor PIU MOST: 111.13 Lubricants out in such a fashion that spillage of fuels and Construction access roads, (amended) lubricants do not contaminate the ground. sites ______. .ltemporarily

LB1IUShe1adia/CES/ICT 7 - - - m ------m - - - -

Kerala State Transport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan-October 2001

EXHIBIT 3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (ESMAP) (GENERIC FOR MAINTENANCE CONTRACTS ONLY)

Reference to the Impact MitigationMeasures taken or to be taken Time frame Location Organisatin ResponsibleOrganisation DocumentsContract Acquired and all borrow areas. Contamination of All waste material shall be completely During Throughout Soil disposed as desired and the site shall be fully Construction Project l1.I Contractor PIU MOST: Corridors, all ConstrLctioll Access roads, wastes sites Cleaned before handing over. The PWD / PIU During temporarily Contractor PIU will certify in this regard. Construction acquired and all borrow areas. The Contractor shall obtain materials from quarries only after consent of the Department of Forests or other concerned authorities and only after development of a comprehensive All quarries Quarry Operations quarry' redevelopment plan, as per the Kerala Dunring to be used in Contractor PIU MOST II1.3 Mining Rules. Alternatively the Contractor Conistructioni the project. MininigGeology Dept shall acquire the required material from quarries licensed by the KSPCB. The quarry operations shall be undertaken within the rules and regulations in force. IMPACT OF FLORA AND FAUNA Loss or Damiageof IAllworks shall be carried ouitin suicha EniePrjc [OST: 11I.15 V0esgsetoartionill3gcof |fashion that the damage or disruption to the [|i |Etrc Project Coitractor PIU amended) Vegetation flora Is miniimum. St.Faedd DISRUPTION TO USERS _ At all times, the Contractor shall provide safe and convenient passage for vehicles, pedestrians and livestock to and from side Loss of Access roads and property accesses connecting During All Project Contractor PIU the project road. Work that affects the use Constructioni Corridors of side roads and property accesses shall not be undcrtaken without providing I adequate provisions to the prior _ .

LBII/Sheladia/CES/ICT 8 - m - - - m - m ------

Kerala State Transport Project Environmental anidSocial Management Plan-October 2001

EXHIBIT 3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (ESMAP) (GENERIC FOR MAINTENANCE CONTRACTS ONLY)

Environmental Mitigation MeasuresEnvironmental taken or to bc taken 'I'ime frame Location ImplemenitingImplenienting Responsible Organisation ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ReferenceContractto the Impact Organisation ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Documents

satisfaction of the Engineer. The works shall not interfere unnecessarily or improperly with the convenience of public or the access to, use and occupation of public or private roads, railways and any other access footpaths to or of properties whether public or private. a) The Contractor shall take all necessary lmeasures for the safety of traffic during construction. Also provide, erect and maintain such barricades, including signs, markings, flags, lights and flagmen as may be required by the Engineer for the information and protection of traffic Traffic Control approaching or passing through the During All Project Contractor PIU & Contractor MOST: 112.4 and Safety section of the highway under Construction Corridors Traffic Police improvemcnt. b) All signs, barricades, pavement markings shall be as per the MOST specification. Before taking up construction on any section of the highway, a traffic control plan shall be devised to the satisfaction of the Engineer. _ l FLORA Areas of trees cleared will be replaced Loss of trees and accordinig to Compensatory Afforestation After completion All Project Contractor and PIU Specification lAVCILIC Plantation Polic under the Forest Conservation Act - ofconstruction Corridors Forest Department Forest Department 201, 301.32, 1980. Two trees will be planted for each tree activities Crios FetDpamntoetDprmnt307, 308, cut down. Tree clearing within the ROW will be avoided During cleaning PIU Compactioin of beyond that whicih is directly required for opraions All Project ContractorForest Dcpartent Specicatio lvcgctatioli conistructioni activities and / or to redue opuring Corridors 201.2S l egetatioll accidents. uconstrinCtion See soil comnpaction also. ot..

LBII/SheladiaICES/ICT 9 m ------m------m - - -

Kerala State Transport Project Environmental and Social Management Plani-October2001

EXHIBIT 3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (ESMAP) (GENERIC FOR MAINTENANCE CONTRACTS ONLY)

Environmental implementing ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Referenceto the Impact Mitigation Measures taken or to be taken Time frame Location Organisation Responsib Organisation Contract Impact Time 1 1 implementing Responsible R ~~~~~~~~~~Documents FAUNA _ _ Faunaand Construction workers will be told to protcct Durinig Forest arcas Co1ntractor PIU Specification l Compensatory natural resources and wild animals. Hunting is construction along the CFonestDepartrrent Forest Department 201.2, 201.3, Afforestation prohibited. Iconstruction FrsDeatnt oetDprmnt201.4. SOCIAL _ I If there is traffic congestion during Urban and Traffic congestion construction, measures will be taken to relieve During semi urban Contractor PIU and Specification and congestion it as far as possible with the co-operation of construction areas State Police 1 12, 119, 201.2 the traffic police. l Health and Safety All contractors' staff and workers will be Through out working along busy traffic routes. They will During the . I wear high visibility purpose made overalls or construction construction Contractor Contractor Specification trousers/a waist coat at all times All operators sites 111.6 working with any materials above head height (even in trenches) will wear hard hats all the I time. WORKERS' ACCIDENT RISK _ - Risk from The contractor shall supply all necessary Operations safety appliances such as safety goggles, Special helmets, masks, etc., to the workers and staff. Condition of The Contractor has to comply with all During Entire Contractor & P contract Building regulation regarding safe scaffolding, ladders, construction project Site Contractor other working platforms, gangway, stairwells, Construction Act excavations, trenches and sage means of entry Factory Act and egress. _ a) The use of any herbicide or other toxic chemical shall be strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The Eiigineer shall be given at least 6 working days notice of the proposed use of any D.rin herbicide or toxic chemical. A register of c)srtcg Entire Contractor Contractor & PIU MOST 111.6 all herbicides and other toxic chemicals p delivered to the site shall be kept and maintained up to date by the Contractor. The register shall include the trade name, physical propertiesand characteristics,

Lt3tt,StietedialCES,ICT lo m ------m m - - -

KeralaState t'ransport Project Environmental and Social Maiiagement Plan-October 2001

EXHIBIT 3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (ESMAP) (GENERIC FOR MAINTENANCE CONTRACTS ONLY)

_ . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Referenceto the Environmental Implementing ReonibeferiatoeCntrcto h Impact Mitigation Measures taken or to be taken Time frame Location Organisation Responsible Organisation Documents chemical ingredients, health and safety hazard information, safe handling and storage procedures, and emergency and first aid procedures for the product. WORKERS' HEALTH RISKS First Aid At every workplace, a readily available first aid unit including an adequate supply of stcrilized dressing material and appliances will be provided as per the Factory Rules of Kerala. Workplaces remote and far away from regular hospitals will have indoor health units .Entire with one bed for every 250 workers. Suitable DurinCg Ectie Contractor Contractor & PIU MOST: 111,6 transport will be provided to facilitate take construction project Site injured or ill person(s) to the nearest applicable hospital. At every workplace an ambulance room containing the prescribed equipment and nursing staff shall be provided as prescribed. DAMAGE AND LOSS OF CULTURAL PROPERTIES Conservation of a) All necessary and adequate care shall be Religious taken to minimize impact on cultural Structures and properties. Such as cultural sites and Shrinies remains, places of worship including temples, mosques, churches and shrines, etc, graveyards, monuments and any other important structures as identified During Entire during design and all construction project Site Contractor Contractor & PIU MOST: 301.5 properties/sites/remains notified under the Ancient Sites and Remains Act). No work shall spill over to these properties, premises and precincts.

t ,R1 /She1adia/CES1CT II ------m ------m - -

Kerala State I'ransport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan-October 2001

EXHIBIT 3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (ESMAP) (GENERIC FOR MAINTENANCE CONTRACTS ONLY)

Etivironiiieiital 3 Implementing ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Referenceto the 3 nInmpact a MitigationMeasures taken or to be taken' Time frame Location Omrpgaementing ResponsibleOrganisation Contract2 Impact Organisation ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Documents b) All conservationand protection measures will be taken up as per design. Access to During Entire such properties from the road shall be construction project site C .______maintained clear and clean

Some of the mitigation measures are preventive in nature while some others include additional measures in terms of environmental conservation and involve physical and construction work. 3Unless otherwise stated, the Project Site covers area beyond the Corridor of Impact and/or the R.O.W. suchi as borrow areas. Access roads, service roads and equipmeint storage sites (MOST: 306.3) 2 Tre contract Documents refer revised MOST Specification as discussed. a) Ministry of Surface Transport Roads Wing (MOST), Government of India. Specifications for Road and Bridge Works (Third Revision, 1995. Reprinted 2000) b) MOST documents are amended to suit the needs of the Kerala State lighways Project, particularly the requirements of the Environmental Management Plant (EMP).

113111/Shc1adia/CES/ICT 12 ------

Ker:al StateTransportProject Environiental and Social Management Plan-October2001

EXHIBIT 3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (ADDITIONAL) FOR FIRST YEAR MAINTENANCE PROGRAMME Reference to Environmental I Link No Sensitive Rented Contract Social Budget and Name Issue/ Area/ SocialnImpact Additional Mitigation Measures/ Enhancement Plan Document! (Actual cost will be ofoad Activity and Ree oEhbt23Generic determined during of Road mitigation and 2.4 of ESMP EMP implementation) [Exhibit 3.11 (INR m) _ Very small I .Tree removal, I.Compensatory plantation as per the tree plantation strategy Generic EMP Thiruvanant Thonnakkal Vegetation clearance, 2.1f affected, the property will have to be shifted or compensated. as applicable hapuram - RF 2.Impact to Common 3. Proper care as follows: Kottarakkara about 3 km Property Resources (a) Avoidance of any tree cutting, fire wood collection, collection of (Thaikkod) away 3 Sensitive areas fruits, nuts and other forest produce and resources from the RF at Thaikkod. 4.Road safety during (b) Prevention and prohibition of hunting by the workers or any one construction associated with the road maintenance works 5.Road safety during (c) Ban on locating any construction or labour camps, Borrow areas 0.74 operation within 7 kilometre of the sensitive ecological unit. 6. Drainage (d) Any other sitc-specific mitigation measures such as fencing which will be identified during the implementation. 4. Traffic Management Plan during construction 5. Road Safety Action Plan 6. Drain clearance and other location specific repairs as decided by the PWD during implementation.

80- Unauthorized I.Tree removal and I.Compensatory tree planting as per the tree plantation strategy Generic EMP Thiruvanant residential Vegetation clearance, 2 Drain clearance and other location specific repairs as decided by the as applicable hapuram - developments 2.Drainage, , PWD during implemcintation. Ponmudi at 'Eleventh 3. Impact to Common 3. If affccted, the property will have to be shifted or compensatcd. stone'. Propcrty Resources 4. Traffic Management Plan during construction Chulimala RF, 4.Road safety during 5. Road Safety Action Plan 0.30 Pachamala RF construction and Kottur RF 5.Road safety during about I to 2 operation km away from the road. .

LBIV!Sheladia/CESliCl FSM A P-A I ------

Keraia State Transport Project Environmental and Social Management Plain - October 2001

Related Reference to Environmental / Name of Sensitive Environmental Document! Social Budget Radeof Issucl Arca/ Social Impact Additional Mitigation Measures! Enhancement Plan GD *ene/ (Actual cost during Road Activity Refer to Exhibit 3.3 eneric implementation) and 3.4 of ESMP [Exhibit 3M1P (INR m)

29- Maniyandram I .Trec removal, I .Compensatory tree planting as per the tree plantation strategy Generic EMP Thodupuzha RF, Ezhallur Vegetation clearance 2 Drain clearance and other location specific repairs as decided by the as applicable - Unnukal RF and 2.Drainage PWD during implenmentation. Thodupuzha 3.Road safety 3. Traffic Management Plan during construction RF about 2 km during construction 4. Road Safety Action Plan away. 4.Road safety during 5. If affected, the property will have to be shifted or compensated. operation 6. Proper care as follows: 5.Impacts to Common (a) Avoidance of any tree cutting, fire wood collection, collection of 0.36 Property Resources fruits, nuts and other forest produce and resources from the RF 61mpact to sensitive (b) Prevention and prohibition of hunting by the workers or any one areas eg. Reserved associated with the road maintenance works Forests (c) Ban on locating any construction or labour camps, Borrow areas within 7 kilometre of the sensitive ecological unit. (d) Any other site-specific mitigation measures such as fencing which will be identified during the implementation. 34-Aluva - None ITree removal I .Compensatory tree planting as per the tree plantation strategy Generic EMP Kothamanga 2.Drainage 2 Drain clearance and other location specific repairs as decided by the as applicable lam 3. Impact to Common PWD during implementation Property Resources 3. If affected, the property (wells water taps, public play ground etc) 0.47 4.Road safety during will have to be shifted or compensated. construction 4. Traffic Managcment Plan during construction 5. Road safety - 5. Road Safety Action Plan operational 42-Potta - Passes throughi 1. Possible disruption I. If affected, mitigation measures as per CZRMP (GOK). PWD will MOST: Munnupeedi CRZ III area to CRZ area, seek the required approvals and clearances prior to initiating any 111,13, ka for about 2.Tree removal and activity. 111.4, 113.13 100m near Vegetation clearance, 2. Compensatory tree planting as per the tree plantation strategy and 1I1. 15. Connolly 3.Drainage 3. Drain clearance and other location specific repairs as decided by Generic EMP 0.82 canal. Many 4. Impact to Common the PWD during implementation as applicable paddy ficlds in Property Rcsources 4. If affectcd, the property (wells water taps, public play ground etc) the PIA. 5. Possible impact on will have to be shifted or compensated. -paddy fields 5. Paddy fields will not be used for any construction-related activity

LBII!Sheladia/CES/ICT FSMA P-A2 ------

Kerala StateTransport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan - October 2001

Related Environmental/ Reference to Environmental Road Sensitive Issue/ Area/ Social Impact Additional Mitigation Measures/ Enhancement Plan CoGeneric EMPe I Social Budget Name of Activity Refer to ExhibitGeriEM IRm 3.3 and 3.4 of [Exhibit 3.11 ( m) ESMP 39-Thrissur - Passes throughi CRZ I .Possible I. If affccted mitigation as per CZRMP (GOK). I'WD will MOST: 11I. 13, 111.4, Kodungalltir [[I area for about 100 disruption to seek the required approvals and clearances prior to initiating 113.13 and 111.15. m near Connolly canal ecologically any activity. Generic EMP as and again near Pullut significant CRZ 2. If affected, the property (wells water taps, public play applicable river. Many paddy area, 2.1mpact to ground etc) will have to be shifted or compensated. fields in the area. Common Property 3. Green tunnel will not be affected. Compensatory tree Huge trees on the Resources planting as per the tree plantation strategy 0.52 shoulders produce 3.Tree removal 4. Drain clearance and other location specific repairs as grcen tunnel effect. Vegetation decided by the PWD during implementation clearance,, 5. Paddy ticids will not be used for any construction-related 4. Drainage, activity 5. Potential impact on paddy fields. 44-Cherpu - Passes through CRZ I. Possible 1. If affected. mitigation as per CZRMP (GOK). PWD will MOST: I111.13, 111.4, Thriprayar III area for about disruption to CRZ seek the required approvals and clearances prior to initiating 113.13 and 111. 15. 100m near Connolly area, any activity. Generic EMP as canal. The road passes 2 Tree removal, 2. Compensatory tree planting as per the tree plantation applicable through paddy field Vegetation strategy areas. clearance 3. 3. Drain clearance and other location specific repairs as Drainage decided by the PWD during implementation 0.30 4. Road Safety 4 Traffic Management Plan during construction and Road during Safety Action Plan construction and 5. Paddy fields will not be used for any constrtiction-related operation activity 5. Potential impact oii paddy ______fields

LBII/Sheladia/CES/ICT FSMA P-A 3 ------

Kcrala StateTransport Project Environmental and Social Managemcnt Plan- October 2001

Eniviron mentalI ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Social Related Related Reference Budget ;Environmental/ to Contract (Actual Name of Road Sensitive Issue/ Area/ Social Impact Additional Mitigation Measures/ Enhancement Plan Document! cost will NameRoadof ~~Activity Refer to Exhibit Generic EMP be 3.3 and 3.4 of [Exhibit 3.11 during ESMP impleme ntation) _. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(INRm) I Possible 1. Proper care as follows: disruption to wild (a) Avoidance of any tree cutting, fire wood collection, collection life habitat, of fruits, nuts and other forest produce and resources etc from possible the sanctuary dcstruction of (b) Speed restriction (range 20-40 km per hour depending on the trees, possible exact location) is to be maintained during construction and The corridor falls under disruption to tribal operational phase of the project in case the sanctuary is very Nilgiri biosphere reserve. areas and Tree close (within one kilometre) to the project road It passes through removal, (c) Prevention and prohibition of hunting by the workers or any Wayanad wildlife Vegetation one associatcd with the road maintenance works sanctuary for about 6 km clearance near Sulthan Bathery. It 2 Impact to (d) Ban on locatng any constructhon or labour camps, Borrow MOST: 111.1 5 64-Sulthan also passes through Common Property areas within 7 kilometre of the Sensitive ecological unit. (amended) and 0.75 Bathery - Pulpally Kuppadi RF and Resources (e) Avoidance of rock blasting nears the eco-sensitive areas. Generic EMP as Kurchiyat RF. Kallur RF, 3. Drain clearance, (f) Signage indicating presence of wildlife as that will lead to the applicable Rampur RF and Padri RF 4. Road safety avoidance of the accidents involving wild animals. are about I to 4 km away. during (g) Any other site-specific mitigation measures such as fencing Tribal settlements at construction and which will be identified during the implementation. Suilthan Bathery and operation 2. The common property resources (wells water taps, public play Pulpally. 5. Possible impact ground etc) if affected will have to shifted. on the tribals 3. Draih clearance and other location specific repairs as decided by the PWD during implementation 4. Traffic Management Plan during construction and Road Safety Action Plan , 5. PWD / contractors will ensure that they do not impact the tribal L_I t/S settlenieMits in anyAway.

LBIIl/SheladialCES/ICT F.SM AP-A 4 m - m - m - - m - - --- m - - = m

Kerala State Transport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan October 2001

Environ mental / Related Reference to Social Environmental/ Contract Budget Name of Road Sensitive Issue/ Area/ S to Exhibit Additional Mitigation Measures/ Enhancement Plan Document/ (Acostal ActivityExhibit Refer to ~~~~~~~~GenericEMP durin 3.3 and 3.4 of lExhibit 3.11 durmg ESMP impleme ntation) (INR m) I. Eco-sensitive 1. Proper care as follows: areas (a) Avoidance of any tree cutting, fire wood collection, collection of Nilambur RF, Panangode 2. Tree removal, fruits, nuts and other forest produce and resources from the RF RF, Pokote RF, Edakode Vegetation (b) Prevention and prohibition of hunting by the workers or any one RF and small clearance, associated with the road maintenance works 60-Narukara - 3. Drainage (c) Ban on locating any construction or labour camps, Borrow areas Generic EMP as 1.70 State Border Amarambalam RF are within 7 kilometre of the sensitive ecological unit. applicable located near Nilambur (d) Any other site-specific mitigation measures such as fencing separated by the Chaliyar which will be identified during the implementation. ri, 2. Compensatory tree planting as per the tree plantation strategy 3. Drain clearance and other location specific repairs as decided by ______the PWD during implementation 1. Sensitive area, I. Proper care as follows: 2. Tree removal, (a) Avoidance of any tree cutting, fire wood collection, collection of Vegetation fruits, nuts and other forest produce and resources from the RF The road passes along the clearance (e) Prevention and prohibition of hunting by the workers or any one border of Karadka RF for 3. Drainage associated with the road maintenance works 129-Cherkala - about 3kmo Aduru RF fs (f) Banl on locating any constructioni or labour camps, Borrow areas Generic EMP as 1.19 Jelsoor about 3km. A ro RFi within 7 kilometre of the sensitive ecological unit. applicable about 2km away from the (g) Any other site-specific mitigation measures such as fencing road. which will be identified during the implementation. 2. Compensatory tree planting as per the project strategy. 3. Drain clearance and other location specific repairs as decided by .the______PWD during implementation

L_B3IIISheladia'CES/ICT F.SMAP-AS - - - M - - - -m------

Kerala State Transport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan -October2001

Related Reference to EnviroiaeBdtal Environmental/ ~~~~~~~~~ContractS(ctual cosgtwilb Name of Road Sensitive Issue/ Area/ SocialnImpact Additional Mitigation Measures/ Document/ Generic (Actual cost will be Activity f Refer to Exhibit 3.3 Enhancement Plan EMP determined during and 3.4 of ESMP [Exhibit 3.1 implementation)

58-Kozhikodc - Lot of pedestrian and I.Tree removal 1. Compensatory tree planting as per the Generic EMP as Mavur traffic at the junction near &Vegetation tree plantation strategy applicable Medical college. Traffic clearance 2. Drain clearance and other location congestion near 2.Drainage specific repairs as decided by the PWD Kozhikode medical 3. Road safety durinig durinig implemi-enitation college at the starting construction 3. Traffic Management Plan during 0.47 point of the road. This is 4. Road safety during construction the best medical facility Operation 4. Road Safety Action Plan available for the public in this part of the Kerala state. I. Possible disruption I. If affected. mitigation as per CZRMP Road passes through CRZ to CRZ area, (GOK). PWD will seek the required III area for about I km 2.Tree removal & approvals and clearances prior to initiating near Ulliyeri where Vegetation clearance, any activity. MOST: 11I. 13, Korappu71ia river crosses 3.Drainage 2.Compensatory tree planting as per the tree 111.4, 113.13, 59-Quilandy - the road. Several swampy 4. Impact to Common plantation Strategy 306.1, 0.78 Thamarassery areas are also located near Property Resources 3. Drain clearance and otlier location specific 306.4(amended) and this place. Quilandy town repairs as decided by the PWD during 305.2.2.2 / Generic is situated in CRZ II area. implementation EMP as applicable Sand mining from 4. If affected, the property (wells water taps, Korappuzha river. public play ground ctc) will have to be shifted or compensated. I Impact to Common 1. If affected, the property (wells water taps, Some small patches of Property Resources public play ground etc) will have to be shifted MOST: I1I. 13, open mixed junigle. The 2 Tree removal & or compensated. 111.4, 113.13, 12 1-Thaliparamba road is parallel and very Vegetation clearance 2. Compensatory tree planting as per the 306.1, 306.4 0.96 - Iritty close to Valapattanam 3 Drainage, strategy (amended) and river for the last 7kmn. 3 Drain clearance and other location specific 305.2.2.2 / Generic Sand mining from river. repairs as decided by the PWD during EMP as applicable implementation

LBII/ShieladiaICES/ICT FSMAP-A6