Boxer Protocol, Peking 7. September 1901 Peace Agreement Between the Great Powers and China
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Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842-1939
Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842-1939 William M. Coleman, IV Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Columbia University 2014 © 2013 William M. Coleman, IV All rights reserved Abstract Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842-1939 William M. Coleman, IV This dissertation analyzes the process of state building by Qing imperial representatives and Republican state officials in Batang, a predominantly ethnic Tibetan region located in southwestern Sichuan Province. Utilizing Chinese provincial and national level archival materials and Tibetan language works, as well as French and American missionary records and publications, it explores how Chinese state expansion evolved in response to local power and has three primary arguments. First, by the mid-nineteenth century, Batang had developed an identifiable structure of local governance in which native chieftains, monastic leaders, and imperial officials shared power and successfully fostered peace in the region for over a century. Second, the arrival of French missionaries in Batang precipitated a gradual expansion of imperial authority in the region, culminating in radical Qing military intervention that permanently altered local understandings of power. While short-lived, centrally-mandated reforms initiated soon thereafter further integrated Batang into the Qing Empire, thereby -
Buffalo 1901 the Assassination of President William Mckinley Shortly
Buffalo 1901 The Assassination of President William McKinley Shortly after 4 PM on the afternoon of 6 September 1901, President William McKinley stood on the stage of the Temple of Music to greet the last group of well wishers who had waited in line to shake his hand at a public reception. McKinley reached out to a 28 year old man who was holding a handkerchief in his hand, not unusual since the day was rather hot and humid. But Leon Czolgosz had a 32 caliber revolver concealed under his handkerchief. Two shots rang out, the first nicked a button on the President’s vest and glanced off his chest, the second penetrated his stomach. Pandemonium ensued. One of the guards named O’Brien, and James Parker, a tall black man waiting in the line just behind Czolgosz, immediately grabbed the assassin and began punching him in the face. Czolgosz fell to the floor and other guards joined in. Czolgosz, in the words of an eye witness, was a “bloody mess”. Another guard grabbed the revolver out of Czolgosz’s right hand. The beating would have continued, had McKinley not said "Go easy on him boys" or "Don't let them hurt him". Whatever the exact words, they saved Czolgosz's life, at least temporarily. The guards stopped their assault and the President's health was given priority. The officials on the stage with McKinley eased him onto the floor. Word quickly spread of the shooting, and mob mentality took over, with crowds outside beating on the door and shouting death threats for the shooter. -
The China Relief Expedition Joint Coalition Warfare in China Summer 1900
07-02574 China Relief Cover.indd 1 11/19/08 12:53:03 PM 07-02574 China Relief Cover.indd 2 11/19/08 12:53:04 PM The China Relief Expedition Joint Coalition Warfare in China Summer 1900 prepared by LTC(R) Robert R. Leonhard, Ph.D. The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory This essay reflects the views of the author alone and does not necessarily imply concurrence by The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) or any other organization or agency, public or private. About the Author LTC(R) Robert R. Leonhard, Ph.D., is on the Principal Professional Staff of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory and a member of the Strategic Assessments Office of the National Security Analysis Department. He retired from a 24-year career in the Army after serving as an infantry officer and war planner and is a veteran of Operation Desert Storm. Dr. Leonhard is the author of The Art of Maneuver: Maneuver-Warfare Theory and AirLand Battle (1991), Fighting by Minutes: Time and the Art of War (1994), The Principles of War for the Informa- tion Age (1998), and The Evolution of Strategy in the Global War on Terrorism (2005), as well as numerous articles and essays on national security issues. Foreign Concessions and Spheres of Influence China, 1900 Introduction The summer of 1900 saw the formation of a perfect storm of conflict over the northern provinces of China. Atop an anachronistic and arrogant national government sat an aged and devious woman—the Empress Dowager Tsu Hsi. -
1901-1902 Obituary Record of Graduates of Yale University
OBITUARY RECORD GRADUATES OF YALE UNIVERSITY Deceased during the Academical Year ending in JUNE, 19O2, INCLUDING THE RECORD OF A FEW WHO DIED PREVIOUSLY, HITHERTO UNREPORTED [Presented at the meeting at the Alumni, June 24th, 1902] [No 2 of the Fifth Printed Series, and No 61 of the whole Record] OBITUARY RECORD OP GKADTIATES OF YALE UNIVEESITY Deceased during the Academical year ending in JUNE, 1902, Including the Record of a few who died previously, hitherto unreported [PRESENTED AT THE MEETING OF THE ALUMNI, JUNE 24TH, 1902] [No. 2 of the Fifth Printed Series, and No. 61 of the whole Record] YALE COLLEGE (ACADEMICAL DEPARTMENT) 1829 SAMUEL PORTER, eldest of the seven children of Rev. Dr. Noah Porter (Yale 1803) and Hetty (Meigs) Poiter, and elder brother of President Noah Porter and of Rev. Giles M. Porter (Yale 1836), was born at Farmington, Conn., on January 12, 1810. After graduation he taught a short time m the family of a Virginia planter, and from 1832 to 1836 in the American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb in Hartford, Conn. For two years he was a student in the Yale Theological Seminary, but increasing deafness led him to abandon the idea of entering the ministry. From 1840 to 1842 he was associate editor of the Congregational Observer in Hartford, then until 1846 instructor in the New York Institute for the Deaf and Dumb, and for the next twenty years in his former position at Hartford. From 1854 to 1860 he was editor of the American Annals of the Deaf and Dumb. -
Otterbein Aegis September 1901
Otterbein University Digital Commons @ Otterbein Otterbein Aegis Otterbein Journals & Magazines 9-1901 Otterbein Aegis September 1901 Otterbein Aegis Otterbein, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.otterbein.edu/aegis Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Recommended Citation Otterbein Aegis, "Otterbein Aegis September 1901" (1901). Otterbein Aegis. 115. https://digitalcommons.otterbein.edu/aegis/115 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Otterbein Journals & Magazines at Digital Commons @ Otterbein. It has been accepted for inclusion in Otterbein Aegis by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Otterbein. For more information, please contact [email protected]. .. ~'1 CONTENTS ! Editorial .................................................... 5 i Inaugural Address........ ..............~ ............... 7 ~, e tetnber The Progress of Invention .................. ...... 11 Football .................. .................. ............... 14 Y. w. c . A. Notes .................................. 15 ~ 19 Y. M. C. A , Notes ................................... 16 Alumnals... .......................................... ...... 17 ~~·~~~ An Institution of High Grade, Standard Faculty and Courses of Study. f7\~ University Located at Westerville, Ohio, SUBURBAN TO COLUMBUS THE CAPITAL OF THE STATE. ~~~~ There are Four High Class Literary Societies, With Elegantly Furnished Halls, Well Selected Libraries and Reading Rooms. ~~~~ The Christian Associations, the oldest -
Legislative Council Hansard 1901
Queensland Parliamentary Debates [Hansard] Legislative Council TUESDAY, 16 JULY 1901 Electronic reproduction of original hardcopy QUEENSLAND PARLIA~IENTARY DEB~LtTES. 1Legtzlati1Je Q.toundl anl:l 1Legizlatihe '!zzembll!. FOURTH SESSION OJ:<' THF.l THIRTEEN'J:'H PARLIAJVIRlN'T'. APPOINTlW TO ME.ET AT BRISBANE ON THE SIXTEENTH DAY OF JULY, IN THE FIRST YEAR OF THE REIGN OF HIS· :l'lAJESTY KING EDWARD VII., IN THE YEAR OF OUR LORD 1901. LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. Qaeen Victoria, of blessed and ~lorious memtlry,. departed this life at Osbome House, in the Isle of Wight, on the 22nd day of J annary, 1901, and TcESDAY, 16 JULY, 1901. that on the 1st day of J<'ebruary, 1901, His Most Gracious Majesty King Edward VU. was rluly and lawfully proclaimed at Bri,banP as MEETING OJ<' P ARL1A::YIENT. King by tlw Grace of God of the United King PcasUANT to a proclamation of His I~xceUency d"m of Great Britain and Ireland, Defender of the G<>VPrnor, bearing da' e 14th June last, con the Faith, Em!Jeror of India, and Supreme Lord vening Parliament for "the dP··ratch of bu,;i in and owr t,he St<tte of Queerbland in the nes~," and a furtht>r proclan1ation of His Commonwealth of Australia. Exct->llency th Lieutenant-GovPrnor, bearing "\Ve have it further in command to let you date the 9th .July in,;tant, alttriog the time oi know that, as so1m as you shall have taken or mee~ ing r·rom ~' 12 o'clock at noon" to "half made the oath or affirmation of allegiance to His past 10 o'clock a. -
Xikang: Han Chinese in Sichuan's Western Frontier
XIKANG: HAN CHINESE IN SICHUAN’S WESTERN FRONTIER, 1905-1949. by Joe Lawson A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Chinese Victoria University of Wellington 2011 Abstract This thesis is about Han Chinese engagement with the ethnically diverse highlands west and south-west of the Sichuan basin in the first half of the twentieth century. This territory, which includes much of the Tibetan Kham region as well as the mostly Yi- and Han-settled Liangshan, constituted Xikang province between 1939 and 1955. The thesis begins with an analysis of the settlement policy of the late Qing governor Zhao Erfeng, as well as the key sources of influence on it. Han authority suffered setbacks in the late 1910s, but recovered from the mid-1920s under the leadership of General Liu Wenhui, and the thesis highlights areas of similarity and difference between the Zhao and Liu periods. Although contemporaries and later historians have often dismissed the attempts to build Han Chinese- dominated local governments in the highlands as failures, this endeavour was relatively successful in a limited number of places. Such success, however, did not entail the incorporation of territory into an undifferentiated Chinese whole. Throughout the highlands, pre-twentieth century local institutions, such as the wula corvée labour tax in Kham, continued to exercise a powerful influence on the development and nature of local and regional government. The thesis also considers the long-term life (and death) of ideas regarding social transformation as developed by leaders and historians of the highlands. -
Boxer Rebellion (Fists of Righteous Harmony)
Boxer Rebellion (Fists of Righteous Harmony) Carving up the Pie of China A French cartoon of Queen Victoria, Kaiser Wilhelm, Nicholas II, A female figure of France, and Meiji Emperor carving up China while a helpless Chinese figure tries to stop them. Boxers were a sect founded in a small village in the economically depressed Shandong Province in northern China where a devastating drought caused massive starvation and brought people to a psychological breaking point. They practiced martial arts, and, through training, diet, martial and prayer, they thought they could become immune to swords and bullets. Their slogans were “Defend Chinese Religion, Get Rid of Foreign Religion” “Revive the Ching, Get Rid of foreign influence” It was an anti-foreign, anti Christian movement. Boxers Boxer Forces Murdered missionaries Taiyuan Massacre (Shanxi Province) 41 Catholic missionaries, 18,000 Chinese Catholics, 182 Protestant missionaries, 500 Protestants, 222 Chinese Eastern Orthodox murdered in 1900 Eight Nation Naval Alliance with naval flags Japanese woodblock print Foreign armies in Peking 2,000 Japanese Marines under British General Seymour Battle scene between Eight Nation Alliance and Chinese Forces of the Eight-Nation Alliance (1900 Boxer Rebellion) Countries Warships Marines Army (units) (men) (men) Japan 18 540 20,300 Russia 10 750 12,400 United Kingdom 8 2,020 10,000 France 5 390 3,130 United States 2 295 3,125 Germany 5 600 300 Italy 2 80 Austria–Hungary 1 75 Total 51 4,750 49,255 Empress Dowager Cixi was de facto ruler of China from 1861-1908. She supported the Boxer rebels because they wanted to expel foreigners and so did she. -
Second Anglo-Boer War 1899 - 1902
Second Anglo-Boer War 1899 - 1902 Sources of Information National Archives UK - WO 100/68 Medal Rolls NSW infantry, Artillery, Ambulance Corps and Staff Scots All Saints College Bathurst - Honour Rolls Records of Australian Contingents to the War in South Africa 1899-1902. Lt.-Col. P L Murray 1911 History of the Bathurst Contingents 1868-1987 - Denis Chamberlain 1987 Supplement to History of the Bathurst Contingents 1868-1987 - Denis Chamberlain 1990 Website National Archives of Australia - https://recordsearch.naa.gov.au/SearchNRetrieve/Interface/ListingReports/ItemsListing.aspx for various records of Australian military enlistments etc. Website - https://www.angloboerwar.com for various rolls of non-Australian units Website - https://scotsallsaints.nsw.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/South-African-Honour-Roll.pdf Website - https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper Various contemporary NSW newspapers Abbreviations CQMS - Company Quartermaster Sergeant; DCM - Distinguished Service Medal; DSO - Distinguished Service Order; MID - Mentioned in Despatches; RQMS - Regimental Quarter-master Sergeant; RSM - Regimental Sergeant Major; RTA - Returned to Australia Indicates that further research is required Relationship to Bathurst District 1. Born Killed in Service Service Number Rank Christian Names Surname Unit(s) Service Dates 2. Educated Date of Wounding/ Illness Date of Death Place of Death War Grave Location Military Awards Local Commemoration Remarks P L MURRAY Reference Action 3. Resident 4. Enlisted 5. Next of Kin lived in area Listed Boer War Memorial, Kings 'D' Squadron, NSW Citizen's 12 April 1900 - 9 Army 414 Lance Corporal Charles Andrews Parade Original Plaque of January No NAA File found MURRAY page 83 Bushmen May 1901 1910 1 Dubbo 1877 2 All Saints College Son of Edward Spencer and 'B' Squadron, 1st NSW Mounted 19 February 1900 - Listed Scots All Saints College Army 425 Corporal Arthur Johnston Antill Marr Warren 1905, Sydney 1932 Mary Antill of Dubbo. -
Boxer Rebellion Yìhétuán Yùndòng 义和团运动
◀ Boxer Protocol (Xinchou Treaty) Comprehensive index starts in volume 5, page 2667. Boxer Rebellion Yìhétuán Yùndòng 义和团运动 The Boxer Rebellion of 1899–1900 was a bloody uprising against Western imperialism in north China. The Boxers, a group known for their expertise in the martial arts, targeted both foreigners and Chinese Christians. For- eign troops were sent in to put down the rebel- lion, resulting eventually in even more foreign control over the Chinese government. he Boxer Rebellion broke out in Shandong Prov- ince in 1899 and spread across much of north China before it ended in 1900, resulting in the deaths of hundreds of foreign missionaries and thou- sands of Chinese. In its aftermath foreign powers greatly increased their control over the Qing dynasty (1644– 1912) court, and the partitioning of China seemed a real possibility. Boxers on trial before the High Court, China. The rebellion began in western Shandong among secret societies. As elsewhere in China commoners in Shandong often looked to secret societies and sectarian unhappiness with the increasing power of Christian mis- groups for mutual aid, religious and magical services, and sionaries, especially German Catholics in Shandong, but martial arts training, the latter causing these groups to be above all because of the drought, floods, and growing labeled “Boxers.” The Boxers most prominent in the re- famine in north China. As the rebellion spread it be- bellion were the Boxers United in Righteousness (Yihet- came increasingly violent and led to a number of attacks uan), who drew members from various groups, including against Christian missionaries and Chinese Christians. -
LORD HOPETOUN Papers, 1853-1904 Reels M936-37, M1154
AUSTRALIAN JOINT COPYING PROJECT LORD HOPETOUN Papers, 1853-1904 Reels M936-37, M1154-56, M1584 Rt. Hon. Marquess of Linlithgow Hopetoun House South Queensferry Lothian Scotland EH30 9SL National Library of Australia State Library of New South Wales Filmed: 1973, 1980, 1983 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE John Adrian Louis Hope (1860-1908), 7th Earl of Hopetoun (succeeded 1873), 1st Marquess of Linlithgow (created 1902), was born at Hopetoun House, near Edinburgh. He was educated at Eton and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, but did not enter the Army. In 1883 he was appointed Conservative whip in the House of Lords and in 1885 was made a lord-in-waiting to Queen Victoria. In 1886 he married Hersey Moleyns, the daughter of Lord Ventry. In 1889 Lord Knutsford, the Secretary of State for the Colonies, appointed Hopetoun as Governor of Victoria and he held the post until March 1895. Although it was a time of economic depression, he entertained extravagantly, but his youthful enthusiasm and fondness for horseback tours of country districts won him considerable popularity. His term coincided with the first federation conferences and he supported the federation movement strongly. In 1895-98 Hopetoun was paymaster-general in the government of Lord Salisbury. In 1898 Joseph Chamberlain, the Secretary of State for the Colonies, offered him the post of Governor-General of Canada, but he declined. He was appointed Lord Chamberlain in 1898 and had a close association with members of the Royal Family. In July 1900 Hopetoun was appointed the first Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia. He arrived in Sydney on 15 December 1900 and his first task was to appoint the head of the new Commonwealth ministry. -
Portuguese Defence Activities at Macau During the Boxer Uprising
Journal of Chinese Military History 6 (2017) 193-218 brill.com/jcmh Portuguese Defence Activities at Macau During the Boxer Uprising Teddy Y. H. Sim National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University [email protected] Abstract This article examines Portuguese colonial and military activities at Macau during the Boxer Uprising of 1900, connecting developments across the border in Guangdong with initiatives undertaken by the colonial authorities in Macau. The Portuguese perceived the situation to be serious enough that substantial reinforcements were eventually sent from the metropole, in addition to various other measures taken to strengthen the colony’s defenses. Portugal also used Macau as a base to coordinate the operations of its consulates in China, and exploited the Boxer debacle to press for new concessions and other advantages at China’s expense. At the end, it is hoped that the limited and relatively unknown role played by Portugal, in conjunction with the larger kaleidoscope of events around Macau, may be better illuminated. Keywords Macau – Boxer Uprising – events of 1900 – Portuguese Far East – Portuguese colonialism – Portuguese military history Brief Survey A somewhat sceptical source describes Portugal as having “participated in the [Allied] suppression” of the Boxer Uprising.1 While it is entirely possible for a state to be involved in an international campaign in a low-key role, as a few countries were in the Gulf War of 1990-91, the author of this article has 1 Clarence-Smith 1985, 3. © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2017 | doi 10.1163/22127453-12341317Downloaded from Brill.com10/01/2021 01:05:02PM via free access 193 194 Sim not seen any fuller treatment on this piece of information about Portugal.