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Buffalo 1901 the Assassination of President William Mckinley Shortly

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Buffalo 1901 the Assassination of President William Mckinley Shortly Buffalo 1901 The Assassination of President William McKinley Shortly after 4 PM on the afternoon of 6 September 1901, President William McKinley stood on the stage of the Temple of Music to greet the last group of well wishers who had waited in line to shake his hand at a public reception. McKinley reached out to a 28 year old man who was holding a handkerchief in his hand, not unusual since the day was rather hot and humid. But Leon Czolgosz had a 32 caliber revolver concealed under his handkerchief. Two shots rang out, the first nicked a button on the President’s vest and glanced off his chest, the second penetrated his stomach. Pandemonium ensued. One of the guards named O’Brien, and James Parker, a tall black man waiting in the line just behind Czolgosz, immediately grabbed the assassin and began punching him in the face. Czolgosz fell to the floor and other guards joined in. Czolgosz, in the words of an eye witness, was a “bloody mess”. Another guard grabbed the revolver out of Czolgosz’s right hand. The beating would have continued, had McKinley not said "Go easy on him boys" or "Don't let them hurt him". Whatever the exact words, they saved Czolgosz's life, at least temporarily. The guards stopped their assault and the President's health was given priority. The officials on the stage with McKinley eased him onto the floor. Word quickly spread of the shooting, and mob mentality took over, with crowds outside beating on the door and shouting death threats for the shooter. An electric powered ambulance reached the Temple of Music first and rushed the wounded McKinley to the Exposition Hospital. The Exposition Hospital was poorly equipped for a wound of this sort. Dr. Roswell Park, the exposition’s medical director, was performing a cancer operation in nearby Niagara Falls. Rather than wait for his return, the doctors present believed it imperative to act immediately, and they decided to operate as soon as prominent Buffalo surgeon Dr. Matthew Mann arrived. Dr. Mann performed quick emergency surgery in a vain attempt to save the President's life. The bullet had entered the stomach and exited out the back wall of the stomach. Mann sewed both holes but was unable to retrieve the bullet. The operation seemed to be a success. McKinley looked as if he was going to recover. Meanwhile, a horse drawn carriage arrived to take Czolgosz to jail. The mob was still in full force, howling for revenge. The guards tossed Czolgosz into the carriage and the driver whipped the horses to push through the crowd. The mob tried to flip the wagon to get to Czolgosz. The police and guards beat and whipped the rioters. The carriage barely made it to the prison. Another mob quickly formed outside the prison Following the surgery, McKinley was taken to the home of John Milburn, the Exposition’s president, for recuperation, but gangrene and infection slowly attacked McKinley’s abdominal cavity and internal organs, and his health declined. There was nothing the doctors could do when his health began to fail. Additionally, his pancreas was creating insulin at a high rate which was threatening to kill the president more quickly than the gangrene. McKinley clung to life for 8 days, dying of his wound on 14 September 1901. Leon Czolgosz was tried, convicted, and sentenced to death by electrocution. Sentence was carried out on 29 October 1901 at the state penitentiary in Auburn. Buffalo 1901 An in-period artist’s rendering of the shooting of McKinley in the Temple of Music. Private O’Brien is at the right in the drawing, and James Parker has his hand on the shoulder of Czolgosz. Police arrest record and mug shots for Czolgosz. The right side of the assassin’s face has been severely bruised from being beaten by the guards. Contemporary photo of James Parker. Although hailed as a hero in helping to subdue Czolgosz, he did not testify at the murder trial. Buffalo 1901 The Assassination of President William McKinley Philatelic mementos of the assassination can be divided into two parts: pre- and post assassination. Letters exist describing McKinley’s arrival at Buffalo, his visit to Niagara Falls, and his speech at the Exposition on 5 September. Postcards written by fair visitors to family and friends mention seeing the President. Eyewitness to history……“Tomorrow McKinley day” Front and back of tourist post card written 5 September and postmarked 6 September. This card sold for $1100 on ebay in 2004. Tourist post card postmarked the morning of 6 September, with B01-07A. Officials closed the expo to the public on 7 and 8 September. Buffalo 1901 The Assassination of President William McKinley An enterprising individual wanted to commemorate the assassination attempt, and created covers dated 7 September (day after the shooting), franked with the one cent commemorative and canceled with B01-15C. The number created is not known with certainty, but it’s estimated he used a single sheet of stamps to make 100 covers. All have the time of 4 PM in the dater portion of the cancel. A very small percentage were hand addressed. Several different styles of handwriting have been recorded – more than one individual addressed the covers. Someone embellished the cover shown at the right with erroneous information in an attempt to increase its value. This cover had been offered at least twice by a mid-level auction house, but astute bidders realized the true facts and it did not sell. Buffalo 1901 The Assassination of President William McKinley Sometime in the 1930’s, the remaining examples of the 7 September 1901 covers had an attractive ¾ view portrait of McKinley imprinted on the left side. It is believed that these were created in Detroit with a possible connection to the Detroit Stamp Club. (courtesy Siegel Auction Galleries) Whether or not the portrait was added to a particular unaddressed cover appears to be a function of cancel positioning. On the cover above, there was sufficient room at the left. Contrast this with the cover at the bottom of the previous page, a full-length impression of the Barry cancel that does not allow enough space to add McKinley’s face. McKinley died in the early hours of the morning on 14 September 1901. The same individual then created matching date-of-death covers. As before, all are canceled with B01-15C, but with a time of 8 AM in the dater portion, with approximately 100 made. Buffalo 1901 The Assassination of President William McKinley Handwriting is the same as on the addressed cover to Atherton that was dated 7 September 1901. These two covers most probably written by the creator of the covers. Typed covers are currently known only dated 14 September. The portrait of McKinley was also added to the left side of the 14 September covers. Buffalo 1901 The Assassination of President William McKinley The water color cachet on this cover appears to have been added at a much later date. The addressee, Conrad Diehl, served as Buffalo’s Democratic mayor from 1898 to 1902. No street address or directory searches needed for this to be delivered to Mayor Diehl, but……is the address contemporary or another after-the-fact add-on? (courtesy Siegel Auction Galleries) Dr Conrad Diehl (1843 - 1918) had the distinction of being the first of Buffalo’s mayors to be born in the city. Much of his time as mayor was devoted to the Pan American Exposition, which in his mind served a dual purpose – to showcase the city of Buffalo as a major city in world commerce and industry, and to pay tribute to the soldiers who served in the recently concluded Spanish American War. However, he tried not neglect his other civic responsibilities at the expense of the exposition, but was unsuccessful as his city treasurer was formally charged with misappropriating $43,000 of city funds. In October of 1901, Diehl announced he would not seek a second term as Buffalo’s mayor. McKinley’s assassination basically crushed his spirits, and he thought it in the best interests of Buffalo to complete his term of office and then return to his medical practice. Even though Diehl and McKinley were of opposite political parties, Diehl felt devastated that such an outrageous act occurred in his city, and especially at the expo to which he devoted so much of his time and energy. The cover shown to the left must be laughed at for its total ineptitude. Adolph (not Adoph) Steeg, a resident of Buffalo and a long time APS officer, was only 12 years old in 1901. Address probably added in the 1930’s, at the same time as the cachet, and the cover perhaps a gift to Steeg. (ex Bomar) Buffalo 1901 The Assassination of President William McKinley This next cover addressed to (now) President Theodore Roosevelt is also somewhat dubious. Roosevelt traveled to Buffalo when he heard that McKinley’s health was failing, so he was present in the city on 14 September. But once again, the address is almost certainly a later add-on for enhancement, and whether the cover actually belonged to Roosevelt is highly doubtful. (cover courtesy Peter Miselis) Prices asked by dealers and results obtained at auction for the philatelic souvenir covers of the McKinley assassination fluctuate wildly, from lows of $25.00 to highs over $1000.00 The following are considered realistic values for such covers as of the publication of this book. 7 September 1901: Un-cacheted, unaddressed - $40.00 to $50.00 Un-cacheted, addressed - $60.00 to $80.00 With McKinley portrait - $100.00 The 14 September 1901 covers have higher values, since these are legitimate covers canceled on Theodore Roosevelt’s inauguration day, and as such, are in demand by collectors of political memorabilia.
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