DOCSLIB.ORG

Table of Contents (PDF)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Table of Contents (PDF) March 9, 2021 u vol. 118 u no. 10 From the Cover e2018218118 Dynamical vortex glass formation in active fluids e2016708118 Deep learning models of nematic biomaterials e2017983118 Wine export from Early Medieval Sicily e2016265118 Drug repurposing for neuropathic pain e2017281118 Sound propagation in katydid ears Contents THIS WEEK IN PNAS—This week’s research highlights Cover image: Pictured is a microfluidic eiti1021118 In This Issue device in which thousands of self- propelled colloidal particles self- NEWS FEATURE—An in-depth look at trending science issues assemble in spontaneously flowing liquids. Amélie Chardac, Suraj Shankar, e2102396118 A sea in the Amazon et al. combined microfluidic Amy McDermott experiments with hydrodynamic theory to demonstrate that when an active RETROSPECTIVE colloidal fluid flows through a sufficiently e2101148118 Kathryn Anderson, grand dame of developmental biology disordered environment, the system Ushma S. Neill and Joan Massague´ organizes into a unique state of matter known as a dynamical vortex glass. This phenomenon may govern the behavior PROFILE—The life and work of NAS members of a broad range of active fluids. See the e2102152118 Profile of Michael Manga article by Chardac, Shankar, et al., Brian Doctrow e2018218118. Image credit: Amélie See Inaugural Article, e2020943118, in vol. 118, issue 2 Chardac and Denis Bartolo. COMMENTARIES e2100934118 A metagenomics approach to investigate microbiome sociobiology Sandra B. Andersen and Jonas Schluter See companion article, e2016046118, in vol. 118, issue 6 e2100936118 Rapid emergence of virus–host mutualism under stress Valerian V. Dolja See companion article, e2020990118, in vol. 118, issue 6 e2101173118 How old are the oldest Homo sapiens in Far East Asia? Jean-Jacques Hublin See companion article, e2019158118, in vol. 118, issue 8 PERSPECTIVE e2015096118 The inflated significance of neutral genetic diversity in conservation genetics Joa˜o C. Teixeira and Christian D. Huber LETTERS e2024297118 Infection curves on small-world networks are linear only in the vicinity of the critical point Łukasz Kusmierz and Taro Toyoizumi Free online through the PNAS open access option. PNAS u March 9, 2021 u vol. 118 u no. 10 u iii–x Downloaded by guest on September 26, 2021 e2100906118 Reply to Kusmierz and Toyoizumi: e1905215118 Nonequilibrium dynamics and action at A network-based explanation of a distance in transcriptionally driven why most COVID-19 infection DNA supercoiling curves are linear Yair A. G. Fosado, Davide Michieletto, Chris A. Stefan Thurner, Peter Klimek, and Rudolf Hanel Brackley, and Davide Marenduzzo e2024195118 Conflicting shape percepts explained by perception cognition distinction CHEMISTRY Paul Linton e2013691118 Boronic acid with high oxidative stability e2024682118 Richer color vocabulary is correlated with color and utility in biological contexts memory, but its relation to perception Brian J. Graham, Ian W. Windsor, Brian Gold, is unknown and Ronald T. Raines Shiri Lev-Ari e2017616118 Anomalous nanoparticle surface diffusion in e2026301118 Reply to Lev-Ari: Operational definition of LCTEM is revealed by deep learning- “ ” color perception ; which task represents assisted analysis the concept better? Vida Jamali, Cory Hargus, Assaf Ben-Moshe, Amirali Arash Afraz and Maryam Hasantash Aghazadeh, Hyun Dong Ha, Kranthi K. Mandadapu, and A. Paul Alivisatos e2015618118 Mesoscopic protein-rich clusters host the INAUGURAL ARTICLE nucleation of mutant p53 amyloid fibrils e2023642118 Theory of bulk photovoltaic effect in David S. Yang, Arash Saeedi, Aram Davtyan, Anderson insulator Mohsen Fathi, Michael B. Sherman, Mohammad S. Hiroaki Ishizuka and Naoto Nagaosa Safari, Alena Klindziuk, Michelle C. Barton, Navin Varadarajan, Anatoly B. Kolomeisky, and Peter G. Vekilov BRIEF REPORT e2008880118 Three-step nucleation of metal–organic e2009217118 Homozygous IL37 mutation associated framework nanocrystals with infantile inflammatory Xiangwen Liu, See Wee Chee, Sanoj Raj, Michal bowel disease Sawczyk, Petr Kra´l, and Utkur Mirsaidov Zinan Z. Zhang, Yu Zhang, Tingyan He, e2017983118 Chemical evidence for the persistence of wine Colin L. Sweeney, Safa Baris, Elif Karakoc- production and trade in Early Medieval Aydiner, Yikun Yao, Deniz Ertem, Islamic Sicily Helen F. Matthews, Claudia Gonzaga- Le´a Drieu, Paola Orecchioni, Claudio Capelli, Jauregui, Harry L. Malech, Helen C. Su, Antonino Meo, Jasmine Lundy, Viva Sacco, Lucia Ahmet Ozen, Kenneth G. C. Smith, Arcifa, Alessandra Molinari, Martin Carver, and Michael J. Lenardo and Oliver E. Craig e2020401118 Lipid nanoparticle-mediated codelivery of Cas9 mRNA and single-guide RNA PHYSICAL SCIENCES achieves liver-specific in vivo APPLIED PHYSICAL SCIENCES genome editing of Angptl3 e2023642118 Theory of bulk photovoltaic effect in Min Qiu, Zachary Glass, Jinjin Chen, Mary Haas, Xin Jin, Xuewei Zhao, Xuehui Rui, Zhongfeng Ye, Yamin Li, Anderson insulator Feng Zhang, and Qiaobing Xu Hiroaki Ishizuka and Naoto Nagaosa – e2012201118 Bepridil is potent against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro e1917853118 Cell cycle dependent active stress drives Erol C. Vatansever, Kai S. Yang, Aleksandra K. Drelich, epithelia remodeling Kaci C. Kratch, Chia-Chuan Cho, Kempaiah Rayavara John Devany, Daniel M. Sussman, Takaki Kempaiah, Jason C. Hsu, Drake M. Mellott, Shiqing Yamamoto, M. Lisa Manning, Xu, Chien-Te K. Tseng, and Wenshe Ray Liu and Margaret L. Gardel e2020837118 Shape changes and cooperativity in the e2025717118 Chemically controlled pattern formation in folding of the central domain of the self-oscillating elastic shells 16S ribosomal RNA Siyu Li, Daniel A. Matoz-Fernandez, Aaveg Aggarwal, Naoto Hori (堀直人), Natalia A. Denesyuk, and Monica Olvera de la Cruz and D. Thirumalai 2+ e2020541118 Anomalous mechanics of Zn -modified e2017205118 Seipin accumulates and traps diacylglycerols fibrin networks and triglycerides in its ring-like structure Jing Xia, Li-Heng Cai, Huayin Wu, Frederick C. Valeria Zoni, Rasha Khaddaj, Ivan Lukmantara, Wataru MacKintosh, and David A. Weitz Shinoda, Hongyuan Yang, Roger Schneiter, and Stefano Vanni BIOPHYSICS AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY e2024780118 The mechanics and dynamics of cancer cells EARTH, ATMOSPHERIC, AND PLANETARY SCIENCES sensing noisy 3D contact guidance e2015797118 Ozone pollution in the North China Plain Jihan Kim, Yuansheng Cao, Christopher Eddy, Youyuan Deng, Herbert Levine, Wouter-Jan Rappel, spreading into the late-winter haze season and Bo Sun Ke Li, Daniel J. Jacob, Hong Liao, Yulu Qiu, Lu Shen, Shixian Zhai, Kelvin H. Bates, Melissa P. Sulprizio, e2022312118 Emergent robustness of bacterial quorum Shaojie Song, Xiao Lu, Qiang Zhang, Bo Zheng, Yuli sensing in fluid flow Zhang, Jinqiang Zhang, Hyun Chul Lee, Mohit P. Dalwadi and Philip Pearce and Su Keun Kuk iv u www.pnas.org Contents Downloaded by guest on September 26, 2021 e2017696118 Simple stochastic model for geomagnetic SOCIAL SCIENCES excursions and reversals reproduces the temporal asymmetry of the ANTHROPOLOGY axial dipole moment e2017983118 Chemical evidence for the persistence of wine Alberto Molina-Cardı´n, Luis Dinis, production and trade in Early Medieval and Marı´a Luisa Osete Islamic Sicily e2019672118 Source apportionment of methane escaping Le´a Drieu, Paola Orecchioni, Claudio Capelli, the subsea permafrost system in the outer Antonino Meo, Jasmine Lundy, Viva Sacco, Lucia Eurasian Arctic Shelf Arcifa, Alessandra Molinari, Martin Carver, Julia Steinbach, Henry Holmstrand, Kseniia Shcherbakova, and Oliver E. Craig Denis Kosmach, Volker Bru¨chert, Natalia Shakhova, Anatoly Salyuk, Ce´lia J. Sapart, Denis Chernykh, Riko ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Noormets, Igor Semiletov, and O¨ rjan Gustafsson e2015764118 Human arrival and landscape dynamics in the ENGINEERING northern Bahamas e2020701118 Elastic amplification of the Rayleigh–Taylor Patricia L. Fall, Peter J. van Hengstum, Lisa Lavold- instability in solidifying melts Foote, Jeffrey P. Donnelly, Nancy A. Albury, and Anne E. Tamalavage Etienne Jambon-Puillet, Matthieu Royer Pie´chaud, and P.-T. Brun e2012870118 How the growth of ice depends on the fluid PSYCHOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES dynamics underneath e2021726118 Influence of a COVID-19 vaccine’s Ziqi Wang, Enrico Calzavarini, Chao Sun, effectiveness and safety profile on and Federico Toschi vaccination acceptance Robert M. Kaplan and Arnold Milstein PHYSICS e2011832118 Stunted upward mobility in a learning e2007815118 Encoding memory in tube diameter hierarchy environment reduces the academic of living flow network benefits of growth mindsets Mirna Kramar and Karen Alim Lile Jia, Chun Hui Lim, Ismaharif Ismail, e2021826118 Γ valley transition metal dichalcogenide and Yia Chin Tan moiré bands e2011809118 Do conversations end when people want Mattia Angeli and Allan H. MacDonald them to? e2016708118 Machine learning active-nematic hydrodynamics Adam M. Mastroianni, Daniel T. Gilbert, Gus Cooney, Jonathan Colen, Ming Han, Rui Zhang, Steven A. and Timothy D. Wilson Redford, Linnea M. Lemma, Link Morgan, Paul V. Ruijgrok, Raymond Adkins, Zev Bryant, Zvonimir Dogic, Margaret L. Gardel, Juan J. de Pablo, and Vincenzo Vitelli BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES e2024083118 Designing self-assembling kinetics with AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES differentiable statistical physics models e2022562118 Cas9-expressing chickens and pigs Carl P. Goodrich, Ella M. King, Samuel S. Schoenholz, as resources for genome editing Ekin D. Cubuk, and Michael P. Brenner in livestock – e2024468118 Non line-of-sight imaging over 1.43 km Beate Rieblinger,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Optogenetics: Using Light to Control the Brain by Edward S. Boyden, Ph.D
    Optogenetics: Using Light to Control the Brain By Edward S. Boyden, Ph.D. Courtesy of the MIT McGovern Institute, Julie Pryor, Charles Jennings, Sputnik Animation, and Ed Boyden. Editor’s note: The brain is densely packed with interconnected neurons, but until about six years ago, it was difficult for researchers to isolate neurons and neuron types to determine their individual roles in brain processes. In 2004 however, scientists, including author Edward S. Boyden, Ph.D., found that the neural expression of a protein, channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), allowed light to activate or silence brain cells. This technology, now known as optogenetics, is helping scientists determine the functions of specific neurons in the brain, and could play a significant role in treating medical issues as diverse as sleep disorders and vision impairment. Article available online at http://dana.org/news/cerebrum/detail.aspx?id=34614 1 The brain is an incredibly densely wired computational circuit, made out of an enormous number of interconnected cells called neurons, which compute using electrical signals. These neurons are heterogeneous, falling into many different classes that vary in their shapes, molecular compositions, wiring patterns, and the ways in which they change in disease states. It is difficult to analyze how these different classes of neurons work together in the intact brain to mediate the complex computations that support sensations, emotions, decisions, and movements—and how flaws in specific neuron classes result in brain disorders. Ideally, one would study the brain using a technology that would enable the control of the electrical activity of just one type of neuron, embedded within a neural circuit, in order to determine the role that that type of neuron plays in the computations and functions of the brain.
    [Show full text]
  • Top 20 Translational Researchers of 2014
    DATA PAGE Top 20 translational researchers of 2014 Brady Huggett & Kathryn Paisner Our ranking of biotech’s top translational researchers (Table 1) is published work; higher = more impact). Table 2 lists the most-cited based on patent analytics firm IP Checkups examination of 2014’s patents overall from the 2010–2014 period, with inventor. Figure 1 most active scientists for patenting. The table also includes each breaks the 50 most-cited patents from 2010–2014 into area of focus, researcher’s most-cited patent from the prior five years and their revealing, in particular, the rising interest in genotyping and sequenc- H index (calculated to measure the impact of a scientist’s body of ing technologies. Table 1 Top 20 researchers in 2014 Patents granted Inventor/first assignee 2014 Most-cited patent for 2010–2014 (no. of citations) H indexa Carlo M. Croce/Ohio State University 29 US7670840B2: Micro-RNA expression abnormalities of pancreatic, endocrine and acinar tumors (34) 187 George Calin/Ohio State University 18 US7670840B2: Micro-RNA expression abnormalities of pancreatic, endocrine and acinar tumors (34) 83 Thomas H. Tuschl/Rockefeller University; University of 17 US7772389B2: Anti-microRNA oligonucleotide molecules (3) 85 Massachusetts; Whitehead Institute; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Richard D. DiMarchi/Indiana University 15 US8454971B2: Glucagon/GLP-1 receptor co-agonists (3) 44 Peter G. Schultz/Scripps Research Institute 15 US7642085B2: Protein arrays (11) 113 Feng Zhang/Broad Institute 13 US8697359B1: CRISPR-Cas systems and methods for altering expression of gene products (14) 42 Said M. Sebti/University of South Florida 11 US8435959B2: Effective treatment of tumors and cancer with triciribine and related compounds (3) 61 Stefano Volinia/Ohio State University 11 US8148069B2: MicroRNA-based methods and compositions for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment 74 of solid cancers (2) Stephen R.
    [Show full text]
  • CRISPR-Cas9 Editing
    Technology Landscape Study On Targeted Genome CRISPR-Cas9 Editing [email protected] | www.maxval.com Technology Landscape Study on CRISPR-Cas9 .............................................................................................................................................................................. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Although CRISPR was known to have an important role in bacterial immunity for over a decade, it is only in the last 5 years that it has garnered interest as a gene editing tool Increasing investment in this field is indicative of global market opportunities for CRISPR-Cas9 over existing alternatives Academic and research institutes lead currently in patent filing, indicating that this is an early stage technology The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, University of California and their collaborators are among the top filing assignees Intellia Therapeutics, CRISPR Therapeutics, Editas Medicine, ERS Genomics and Caribou Biosciences are among the list of commercialization partners that have broad and exclusive rights to CRISPR technologies Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology takes the lead in research related to gene editing in crops and plants Several industrial players including DowDuPont, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals are carving out their own CRISPR patent estates Around one fourth of the total filings in CRISPR-Cas9 is in the classification codes for ribonucleases and nucleic acids that modulate gene expression Significant number of filings are listed under
    [Show full text]
  • An Interview with Feng Zhang, Phd
    INTERVIEW Jurassic Park, Gene Therapy, and Neuroscience: An Interview with Feng Zhang, PhD Interview by James M. Wilson, MD, PhD* Editor, Human Gene Therapy Clinical Development Feng Zhang, PhD Core Member, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Investigator, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT James and Patricia Poitras Professor in Neuroscience, MIT Associate Professor, Departments of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Biological Engineering, MIT New York Stem Cell Foundation-Robertson Investigator Editor’s note: Feng Zhang is a pioneer in the brave new world of genome editing. This interview captures his passion for science and provides insight into his very young but incredibly ac- complished career. Feng, thank you for agreeing to share your thoughts that was really a phenomenal experience. There about your career and your science with us today. were many teachers there who were really engaged How did you initially become interested in science, in developing students’ various interests—and for and what drove you to become a scientist? me that was science. My first exposure to science and biology was I have always been interested in science. I grew a Saturday enrichment class that I took when I was up in the early 1980s in China, during a period an eighth-grade student in middle school. I had ta- when there was an enormous emphasis on science ken biology classes before that, but I did not find and technology, and both of my parents have an those to be very interesting or exciting, because they engineering background. Together, those factors were mostly about dissecting paraformaldehyde- reinforced my interest in science.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Literature in the Second Half of a Modern Century: a Critical Survey
    CHINESE LITERATURE IN THE SECOND HALF OF A MODERN CENTURY A CRITICAL SURVEY Edited by PANG-YUAN CHI and DAVID DER-WEI WANG INDIANA UNIVERSITY PRESS • BLOOMINGTON AND INDIANAPOLIS William Tay’s “Colonialism, the Cold War Era, and Marginal Space: The Existential Condition of Five Decades of Hong Kong Literature,” Li Tuo’s “Resistance to Modernity: Reflections on Mainland Chinese Literary Criticism in the 1980s,” and Michelle Yeh’s “Death of the Poet: Poetry and Society in Contemporary China and Taiwan” first ap- peared in the special issue “Contemporary Chinese Literature: Crossing the Bound- aries” (edited by Yvonne Chang) of Literature East and West (1995). Jeffrey Kinkley’s “A Bibliographic Survey of Publications on Chinese Literature in Translation from 1949 to 1999” first appeared in Choice (April 1994; copyright by the American Library Associ- ation). All of the essays have been revised for this volume. This book is a publication of Indiana University Press 601 North Morton Street Bloomington, IN 47404-3797 USA http://www.indiana.edu/~iupress Telephone orders 800-842-6796 Fax orders 812-855-7931 Orders by e-mail [email protected] © 2000 by David D. W. Wang All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The Association of American University Presses’ Resolution on Permissions constitutes the only exception to this prohibition. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences— Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
    [Show full text]
  • Lemelson-MIT Prize U.S. Patent Portfolio of Feng Zhang - 2017 Winner Report For: Lemelson-MIT Program
    Confidential Confidential Lemelson-MIT Prize U.S. Patent Portfolio of Feng Zhang - 2017 Winner Report for: Lemelson-MIT Program www.ipvisioninc.com Prepared by Watermill Center Joe Hadzima 800 South Street +1.617.475.6000 Waltham, MA 02453 [email protected] IPVision Patent Interconnection Map © 2005-2017, IPVision Inc., All Rights Reserved Report Date: August 15, 2017 Lemelson-MIT Prize U.S. Patent Portfolio of Feng Zhang - 2017 Winner Report Prepared For: Lemelson-MIT Program Table of Contents 1. FENG ZHANG ........................................................................................................1 1.1 ZHANG PATENT PORTFOLIO INTERCONNECTION MAP ............................................... 1 1.2 OPTOGENETICS PORTFOLIO.................................................................................... 3 1.2.1 Optogenetics Direct Patent Citation Landscapes ....................................................... 3 1.2.2 Optogenetics Relative Citation Frequency ................................................................. 6 1.3 CRISPR-CAS PORTFOLIO ...................................................................................... 7 1.3.1 CRISPR Direct Patent Citation Landscapes............................................................... 8 1.3.2 CRISPR Relative Citation Frequency ....................................................................... 10 1.3.3 Zhang CRISPR Patent Ownership and Licensing .................................................... 11 1.3.3.1 Ownership of Zhang CRISPR Patents..................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Bw the Gene Hackers
    ANNALS OF SCIENCE THE GENE HACKERS A powerful new technology enables us to manipulate our DNA more easily than ever before. BY MICHAEL SPECTER t thirty-four, Feng Zhang is the leagues mentioned that he had encoun- could defend themselves in the same youngest member of the core tered a curious region of DNA in some way. The day after Zhang heard about facultyA at the Broad Institute of Har- bacteria he had been studying. He re- CRISPR, he flew to Florida for a ge- vard and M.I.T. He is also among the ferred to it as a CRISPR sequence. netics conference. Rather than attend most accomplished. In 1999, while still “I had never heard that word,” Zhang the meetings, however, he stayed in a high- school student, in Des Moines, told me recently as we sat in his office, his hotel room and kept Googling. “I Zhang found a structural protein capa- which looks out across the Charles River just sat there reading every paper on ble of preventing retroviruses like H.I.V. and Beacon Hill. Zhang has a perfectly CRISPR I could find,” he said. “The from infecting human cells. The project round face, its shape accentuated by more I read, the harder it was to con- earned him third place in the Intel Sci- rectangular wire-rimmed glasses and a tain my excitement.” ence Talent Search, and he applied the bowl cut. “So I went to Google just to It didn’t take Zhang or other scien- fifty thousand dollars in prize money see what was there,” he said.
    [Show full text]
  • Jacob and Louise Gabbay Award in Biotechnology and Medicine in 2016 to Honor Jacob’S Wife, Louise Gabbay, Who Was Instrumental in Founding the Award
    JACOB AND LOUISE JACOB AND LOUISE GABBAY AWARDGABBAY AWARD IN BIOTECHNOLOGY IN BIOTECHNOLOGYAND MEDICINE AND MEDICINE PRESENTATION CEREMONY 19th THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 29, 2016 Annual WALTHAM, MASS. BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY Early in 1998, the trustees of the Jacob and Louise Gabbay Foundation decided to establish a major new award in basic and applied biomedical sciences. The foundation felt that existing scientific awards tended to honor people who were already well-recognized or to focus on work that had its primary impact in traditional basic research fields. Yet the history of science suggests that most scientific revolu- tions are sparked by advances in practical areas such as instrumentation and techniques or through entrepreneurial endeavors. The foundation therefore created the Jacob Heskel Gabbay Award in Biotechnology and Medicine to recognize, as early as possible in their careers, scientists in academia, medicine or industry whose work had both outstanding scientific content and significant practical consequences in the biomedical sciences. The award was renamed the Jacob and Louise Gabbay Award in Biotechnology and Medicine in 2016 to honor Jacob’s wife, Louise Gabbay, who was instrumental in founding the award. Because of their long association with Brandeis University, the trustees of the foundation asked the Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center at Brandeis to administer the award. The award, given annually, consists of a $15,000 cash prize (to be shared in the case of multiple winners) and a medallion. The honorees travel to Brandeis University each fall to present lectures on their work and attend a dinner at which the formal commendation takes place. This year, a committee of distinguished scientists selected Jeffery Kelly of the Scripps Research Institute for his profound and paradigm-shifting contri- butions to our understanding of protein-folding mechanisms and protein-folding diseases.
    [Show full text]
  • CRISPR Edits MASSADHIUSET[NSTITUTE
    Precise and Expansive Genomic Positioning for CRISPR Edits MASSADHIUSET[NSTITUTE by JUL 2 6 2019 Noah Michael Jakimo L I LIBRARIES 19 B.S., California Institute of Technology (2010) S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2015) Submitted to the Program in Media Arts and Sciences, School of Architecture and Planning in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Media Arts and Sciences at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY June 2019 ©Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2019. All rights reserved. Signature redacted A uthor ................................ Program in Medd Arts and Sciences, School of Architecture and Planning May 3, 2019 Certified by ... .. ....... Signature redacted Joseph M. Uacobson Associate Professor of Media Arts and Sciences Thesis Supervisor Accepted by ............. Signatureredacted (j)Tod Machover Academic Head, rogram in Media Arts and Sciences 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139 MITLibraries http://Iibraries.mit.edu/ask DISCLAIMER NOTICE Due to the condition of the original material, there are unavoidable flaws in this reproduction. We have made every effort possible to provide you with the best copy available. Thank you. Some pages in the original document contain text that is illegible. t Precise and Expansive Genomic Positioning for CRISPR Edits by Noah Michael Jakimo Submitted to the Program in Media Arts and Sciences, School of Architecture and Planning on May 3, 2019, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Media Arts and Sciences Abstract The recent harnessing of microbial adaptive immune systems, known as CRISPR, has enabled genome-wide engineering across all domains of life. A new generation of gene-editing tools has been fashioned from the natural DNA/RNA-targeting ability of certain CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins and their guide RNA, which work together to recognize and defend against infectious genetic threats.
    [Show full text]
  • Institute Faculty Share Prestigious Neuroscience Prize
    massachusetts institute of technology search engineering science management architecture + planning humanities, arts, and social sciences campus video press Institute faculty share prestigious neuroscience prize Ed Boyden and Feng Zhang awarded the Perl/UNC Neuroscience Prize Charles Jennings McGovern Institute for Brain Research today's news April 26, 2012 multimedia Robots that reveal Share the inner workings MIT faculty members Ed Video: Optogenetics: of brain cells Controlling the brain with Boyden and Feng Zhang, light along with Karl Deisseroth of Stanford University, have related been awarded the Perl/UNC Neuroscience Prize for Ed Boyden developing a way to control brain activity using light. The Feng Zhang Perl prize carries a $10,000 award and is given annually Graphic coutresy of the Boyden Lab to recognize a seminal tags achievement in New method offers automated neuroscience. Four of the awards, honors and way to record electrical activity fellowships inside neurons in the living 12 past recipients were later brain. awarded Nobel Prizes. brain and cognitive sciences Woodie Flowers, a Boyden, Zhang and pioneer of hands-on Deisseroth share the 2012 broad institute engineering education May 7, 2012 Perl prize for developing a faculty Target: Drug-resistant technology known as "optogenetics," in which Optogenetics is a technology in which neurons are genetically bacteria engineered to respond to light. mcgovern institute May 4, 2012 neurons are genetically Image: Sputnik Animation, McGovern Institute, Ed Boyden engineered to respond to me dia lab similar stories light. This allows researchers to control the activity of specific cell types with great precision, and to probe the brain’s intricate circuits in ways that would have been neuroscience Innovative IDEAS unimaginable a few years ago.
    [Show full text]
  • Light on Genome Function
    RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS SENSORS AND PROBES Light on genome function Optogenetic tools enable light-mediated the light-sensitive domain Cryptochrome 2 Inactive epiLITE Histone effector domain control over transcription and epigenetic (CRY-2). The second component includes CRY2PHR states in specific endogenous loci of the CRY-2’s interacting partner, CIB1, fused to mammalian genome. an effector protein. Upon illumination with CIB1 Studying the roles of specific genes or gene blue light, CIB1 binds CRY-2 at the genomic Ac networks in cells is fundamental to biol- locus where CRY2-TALE is bound, allowing TALE ogy research. Gene expression is dynamic the effector protein to then exert positive or and tightly regulated; to understand it, one negative control over the gene. needs approaches that enable fine control of Zhang’s team designed LITEs that acti- Active epiLITE the process. Recently, a variety of microbe- vate gene transcription in several different 466 nm Ac or plant-derived light-sensitive proteins genomic loci. They could augment the lev- have been engineered that allow precise els of certain target genes by tenfold within modulation of biochemical and electrical just a few hours of turning a blue light on. signaling pathways in cells by ‘optogenetics’. Controlling the light intensity and illumi- Optogenetic tools have also been built that nation cycle, they could define the level of LITE-mediated epigenetic modifications. Image allow control of transgene expression with gene expression desired and ensure that courtesy of the Zhang lab members. the ease of a light switch, but up until now, the cells were healthy and happy under the it had not been possible to use light to turn spotlight.
    [Show full text]
  • 2017 ANNUAL REPORT 2017 ANNUAL REPORT Table of Contents 2017 Year in Review 2 Letter from H
    MAKING WAVES 2017 ANNUAL REPORT 2017 ANNUAL REPORT Table of Contents 2017 Year in Review 2 Letter from H. Robert Horvitz, Chair 4 Letter from Maya Ajmera, President & CEO 6 Overview and Top Ten 8 2017 Society Competitions 10 Regeneron Science Talent Search 12 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair 16 Broadcom MASTERS 18 Alumni 20 Science News Media Group 24 Science News 26 Science News for Students 30 Outreach & Equity 32 Science News in High Schools 34 Science News | NOVEMBER 25, 2017 GOING APE Advocate Grant Program 36 Orangutans living in the forested foothills Research Teachers Conference 38 of Sumatra became their own species in 2017: Pongo tapanuliensis, or the Tapanuli STEM Action & Research Grants 40 orangutan. Skeletal and genetic evidence puts these apes on an evolutionary trajectory Society for Science & the Public 42 separate from other orangutans in Sumatra Financials 44 and Borneo. Numbering no more than 800, the Tapanuli orangutan lives on the brink of Giving 46 extinction due in part to habitat degradation Board of Trustees 52 and hunting. TIM LAMAN Executive Team and Staff 52 2017 ANNUAL REPORT | SOCIETY FOR SCIENCE & THE PUBLIC | 1 Science News | JULY 8, 2017 CANCER COMBAT An antibody sold as Keytruda can rev the body’s immune system to combat cancer. By locking onto T cell receptors, the antibody blocks a tumor (top) from shutting down the T cell (bottom). The T cell is thus free to attack. In a study reported in 2017, the therapy was effective against 12 different types of solid tumors and controlled cancer in 77 percent of patients studied.
    [Show full text]