Patella Depressa Pennant, 1777

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Patella Depressa Pennant, 1777 Patella depressa Pennant, 1777 AphiaID: 151374 LAPA Animalia (Reino) > Mollusca (Filo) > Gastropoda (Classe) > Patellogastropoda (Subclasse) > Patelloidea (Superfamilia) > Patellidae (Familia) © Vasco Ferreira © Francisco Arenas © Vasco Ferreira - OMARE - Observatório Marinho de Esposende / Set. 02 © Vasco Ferreira - OMARE / Mai. 18 2018 2017 1 © Vasco Ferreira - OMARE - Observatório Marinho de Esposende / Set. 02 © Vasco Ferreira - OMARE - Observatório Marinho de Esposende / Set. 02 2017 2017 © Vasco Ferreira / Jun. 12 2009 Facilmente confundível com: Patella rustica Patella aspera Lapa Lapa Patella Patella pellucida ulyssiponensis Lapa-de-raios-azuis Lapa 2 Patella vulgata Lapa Estatuto de Conservação Sinónimos Patella auricola da Costa, 1771 Patella electrina Reeve, 1854 Patella goudoti Mabille, 1888 Patella intermedia Murray in Knapp, 1857 Patella laevigata Gmelin, 1791 Patella mabillei Locard, 1891 Patella plumbea vatheleti Pilsbry, 1891 Patella taslei Mabille, 1888 Patella vulgata var. debilis Pallary, 1920 Patella vulgata var. picta Jeffreys, 1865 Referências basis of record Backeljau, T. (1986). Lijst van de recente mariene mollusken van België [List of the recent marine molluscs of Belgium]. Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen: Brussels, Belgium. 106 pp. [details] original description Pennant, T., (1777) British Zoology, vol. IV. Crustacea. Mollusca. Testacea: i-viii, 1-154, Plates 1-93. London., available online athttp://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127011 [details] additional source Nakano T. & Ozawa T. (2007). Worldwide phylogeography of limpets of the order 3 Patellogastropoda: molecular, morphological and paleontological evidence. Journal of Molluscan Studies 73(1): 79–99. [details] additional source Koufopanou et al (1999). A molecular phylogeny of the patellid limpets (Gastropoda: Patellidae) and its implications for the origins of their antitropical distribution Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 11(1):138-156 [details] additional source Nakano T. & Ozawa T. (2007). Worldwide phylogeography of limpets of the order Patellogastropoda: molecular, morphological and paleontological evidence. Journal of Molluscan Studies 73(1): 79–99. [details] original description Pennant, T. (1777). British Zoology, vol. IV. Crustacea. Mollusca. Testacea. London. i-viii, 1-154, Plates 1-93., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127011 [details] additional source Nakano T. & Ozawa T. (2007). Worldwide phylogeography of limpets of the order Patellogastropoda: molecular, morphological and paleontological evidence. Journal of Molluscan Studies 73(1): 79–99. [details] additional source Nakano T. & Ozawa T. (2007). Worldwide phylogeography of limpets of the order Patellogastropoda: molecular, morphological and paleontological evidence. Journal of Molluscan Studies 73(1): 79–99. [details] Última atualização: 15 Abr. 2019 4.
Recommended publications
  • Population Characteristics of the Limpet Patella Caerulea (Linnaeus, 1758) in Eastern Mediterranean (Central Greece)
    water Article Population Characteristics of the Limpet Patella caerulea (Linnaeus, 1758) in Eastern Mediterranean (Central Greece) Dimitris Vafidis, Irini Drosou, Kostantina Dimitriou and Dimitris Klaoudatos * Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, School of Agriculture Sciences, University of Thessaly, 38446 Volos, Greece; dvafi[email protected] (D.V.); [email protected] (I.D.); [email protected] (K.D.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 27 February 2020; Accepted: 19 April 2020; Published: 21 April 2020 Abstract: Limpets are pivotal for structuring and regulating the ecological balance of littoral communities and are widely collected for human consumption and as fishing bait. Limpets of the species Patella caerulea were collected between April 2016 and April 2017 from two sites, and two samplings per each site with varying degree of exposure to wave action and anthropogenic pressure, in Eastern Mediterranean (Pagasitikos Gulf, Central Greece). This study addresses a knowledge gap on population characteristics of P. caerulea populations in Eastern Mediterranean, assesses population structure, allometric relationships, and reproductive status. Morphometric characteristics exhibited spatio-temporal variation. Population density was significantly higher at the exposed site. Spatial relationship between members of the population exhibited clumped pattern of dispersion during spring. Broadcast spawning of the population occurred during summer. Seven dominant age groups were identified, with the dominant cohort in the third-year
    [Show full text]
  • Caracterización Biológica Del Molusco Protegido Patella Ferruginea Gmelin, 1791 (Gastropoda: Patellidae): Bases Para Su Gestión Y Conservación
    CARACTERIZACIÓN BIOLÓGICA DEL MOLUSCO PROTEGIDO PATELLA FERRUGINEA GMELIN, 1791 (GASTROPODA: PATELLIDAE): BASES PARA SU GESTIÓN Y CONSERVACIÓN. LABORATORIO DE BIOLOGÍA MARINA- UNIVERSIDAD DE SEVILLA Free Espinosa Torre D. JOSÉ MANUEL GUERRA GARCÍA, PROFESOR AYUDANTE DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE FISIOLOGÍA Y ZOOLOGÍA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE SEVILLA, D. DARREN FA, SUBDIRECTOR DEL ‘GIBRALTAR MUSEUM’ Y D. JOSÉ CARLOS GARCÍA GÓMEZ, PROFESOR TITULAR DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE FISIOLOGÍA Y ZOOLOGÍA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE SEVILLA CERTIFICAN QUE: D. FREE ESPINOSA TORRE, licenciado en Biología, ha realizado bajo su dirección y en el Departamento de Fisiología y Zoología de la Universidad de Sevilla, la memoria titulada “Caracterización biológica del molusco protegido Patella ferruginea Gmelin, 1791 (Gastropoda: Patellidae): bases para su gestión y conservación”, reuniendo el mismo las condiciones necesarias para optar al grado de doctor. Sevilla, 24 de octubre de 2005 Vº Bº de los directores: Fdo. José Manuel Guerra García Fdo. Darren Fa Fdo. José Carlos García Gómez El interesado: Fdo. Free Espinosa Torre A toda mi familia “Ingenuity and inventiveness in the development of methods have been very successful in finding ways to extract signals from the intrinsic noise of the system.” A. J. UNDERWOOD “Patella ferruginea lineis pullis angulatis undulative cingulique albis picta intus lactea; itriis elevatis nodolis, margine plicato.” GMELIN, 1791 AGRADECIMIENTOS Resulta extraño escribir estas líneas después de todo este tiempo, ya que representa el final de un trabajo que no hubiera sido posible sin la ayuda de todas las personas que a continuación citaré, pido disculpas de antemano si olvidase a alguien, espero que sepa perdonarme. En primer lugar quisiera agradecer a mis directores de tesis José Manuel Guerra García, Darren Fa y José Carlos García Gómez por haberme ayudado a completar este camino, dándome primero la oportunidad de realizar esta tesis y apoyándome en todo momento durante su desarrollo y por ser además unos buenos amigos.
    [Show full text]
  • Patellid Limpets: an Overview of the Biology and Conservation of Keystone Species of the Rocky Shores
    Chapter 4 Patellid Limpets: An Overview of the Biology and Conservation of Keystone Species of the Rocky Shores Paulo Henriques, João Delgado and Ricardo Sousa Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/67862 Abstract This work reviews a broad spectrum of subjects associated to Patellid limpets’ biology such as growth, reproduction, and recruitment, also the consequences of commercial exploitation on the stocks and the effects of marine protected areas (MPAs) in the biology and populational dynamics of these intertidal grazers. Knowledge of limpets’ biological traits plays an important role in providing proper background for their effective man- agement. This chapter focuses on determining the effect of biotic and abiotic factors that influence these biological characteristics and associated geographical patterns. Human exploitation of limpets is one of the main causes of disturbance in the intertidal ecosys- tem and has occurred since prehistorical times resulting in direct and indirect alterations in the abundance and size structure of the target populations. The implementation of MPAs has been shown to result in greater biomass, abundance, and size of limpets and to counter other negative anthropogenic effects. However, inefficient planning and lack of surveillance hinder the accomplishment of the conservation purpose of MPAs. Inclusive conservation approaches involving all the stakeholders could guarantee future success of conservation strategies and sustainable exploitation. This review also aims to estab- lish how beneficial MPAs are in enhancing recruitment and yield of adjacent exploited populations. Keywords: Patellidae, limpets, fisheries, MPAs, conservation 1. Introduction The Patellidae are one of the most successful families of gastropods that inhabit the rocky shores from the supratidal to the subtidal, a marine habitat subject to some of the most © 2017 The Author(s).
    [Show full text]
  • First Observations of Hermaphroditism in the Patellid Limpet Patella
    Journal of the Marine First observations of hermaphroditism in the Biological Association of the United Kingdom patellid limpet Patella piperata Gould, 1846 1,2 3 4,5,6 2 cambridge.org/mbi Ricardo Sousa , Paulo Henriques , Joana Vasconcelos , Graça Faria , Rodrigo Riera5, Ana Rita Pinto2, João Delgado2 and Stephen J. Hawkins7,8 1Observatório Oceânico da Madeira, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação (OOM/ARDITI) – Edifício Madeira Tecnopolo, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal; 2Direção de Serviços de Original Article Investigação (DSI) – Direção Regional das Pescas, Estrada da Pontinha, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal; 3Faculdade da Ciências da Vida, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal; 4Secretaria Regional Cite this article: Sousa R, Henriques P, de Educação, Edifício do Governo Regional, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal; 5Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Vasconcelos J, Faria G, Riera R, Pinto AR, 6 Delgado J, Hawkins SJ (2019). First Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Casilla 297, Concepción, Chile; Centro de Ciências do 7 observations of hermaphroditism in the Mar e do Ambiente (MARE), Quinta do Lorde Marina, Sítio da Piedade Caniçal, Madeira, Portugal; Ocean and patellid limpet Patella piperata Gould, 1846. Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton S014 3ZH, Journal of the Marine Biological Association of UK and 8The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK the United Kingdom 99, 1615–1620. https:// doi.org/10.1017/S0025315419000559 Abstract Received: 12 December 2018 Hermaphroditism is thought to be an advantageous strategy common in marine molluscs that Revised: 15 May 2019 exhibit simultaneous, sequential or alternating hermaphroditism.
    [Show full text]
  • Use of the Intertidal Zone by Mobile Predators: Influence of Wave Exposure, Tidal Phase and Elevation on Abundance and Diet
    Vol. 406: 197–210, 2010 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published May 10 doi: 10.3354/meps08543 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Use of the intertidal zone by mobile predators: influence of wave exposure, tidal phase and elevation on abundance and diet A. C. F. Silva1, 2,*, S. J. Hawkins2, 3, D. M. Boaventura4, 5, E. Brewster1, R. C. Thompson1 1Marine Biology & Ecology Research Group, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK 2Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK 3School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Ynys Mon LL59 5AB, UK 4Escola Superior de Educação João de Deus, Av. Álvares Cabral 69, Lisboa 1269-094, Portugal 5Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Estrada do Guincho, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal ABSTRACT: Linkages between predators and their prey across the subtidal-intertidal boundary remain relatively unexplored. The influence of tidal phase, tidal height and wave exposure on the abundance, population structure and stomach contents of mobile predatory crabs was examined on rocky shores in southwest Britain. Crabs were sampled both during the day and at night using traps deployed at high tide and by direct observation during low tide. Carcinus maenas (L.), Necora puber (L.) and Cancer pagurus (L.) were the most abundant species, being mainly active during nocturnal high tides. C. maenas was the only species that was active during nocturnal low tides, when it was observed mainly on the lower shore feeding on limpets. Individuals of all 3 species sampled during high tide were considerably larger than those sampled during low tide. Thus, sampling crab popula- tions at low tide is likely to underestimate abundance and the extent of predation by crabs on rocky- shore assemblages.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecology of Patella Species in Britain Orostica Vega, Mauricio
    Bangor University DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Living at the edge: Ecology of Patella species in Britain Orostica Vega, Mauricio Award date: 2018 Awarding institution: Bangor University Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 08. Oct. 2021 Living at the edge: Ecology of Patella species in Britain Mauricio H. Oróstica Vega School Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, UK, LL59 5AB Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy November 2018 SUMMARY Climatic fluctuations over the last 120 years have been well described in northern Europe, showing alternation of colder (1910s to 1920s, 1960s to 1980s) and warmer (1930s to 1950s) periods upon which recent anthropogenic warming has been superimposed. Biological manifestation of such changes in climate may be determined by examination of shifts in species distribution and performance traits.
    [Show full text]
  • Limites De Distribuição Vertical Da Espécie Patella Depressa: Padrões E Processos
    Universidade do Algarve Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Limites de distribuição vertical da espécie Patella depressa: padrões e processos Daniela Nobre da Silva Dissertação Mestrado em Biologia Marinha Trabalho efetuado sob a orientação de: Professora Doutora Maria Alexandra Teodósio Professora Doutora Teresa Cruz Faro, 2015 Limites de distribuição vertical da espécie Patella depressa: padrões e processos Declaração de autoria de trabalho Declaro ser a autora deste trabalho, que é original e inédito. Autores e trabalhos consultados estão devidamente citados no texto e constam da listagem de referências incluída. _________________________________________________________________________ Copyright em nome de Daniela Nobre da Silva A Universidade do Algarve tem o direito, perpétuo e sem limites geográficos, de arquivar e publicitar este trabalho através de exemplares impressos reproduzidos em papel ou de forma digital, ou por qualquer outro meio conhecido ou que venha a ser inventado, de o divulgar através de repositórios científicos e de admitir a sua cópia e distribuição com objetivos educacionais ou de investigação, não comerciais, desde que seja dado crédito ao autor e editor. 2 Dedicatória À minha mãe, por ser o pilar da minha vida e pelo seu apoio incondicional. - I - AGRADECIMENTOS Esta tese representa uma odisseia para mim. Foi uma jornada de descobertas, ao longo da qual tive a sorte de conhecer várias pessoas e de criar e fortalecer amizades que foram importantes para a realização do meu trabalho. Em primeiro lugar um sincero obrigado pelo apoio e orientação às professoras Alexandra Teodósio e Teresa Cruz, que se mostraram sempre disponíveis e me deram a oportunidade e proporcionaram os meios para estudar um tema do meu interesse.
    [Show full text]
  • Rare Predation by the Intertidal Crab Pachygrapsus Marmoratus on the Limpet Patella Depressa
    J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. (2004), 84,367^370 Printed in the United Kingdom Rare predation by the intertidal crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus on the limpet Patella depressa P O Ana Silva*, Diana Boaventura* , Augusto Flores*, Pedro Re¤* and Stephen J. Hawkins *Laborato¤rio Mar|¤timo da Guia/IMARöFaculdade de Cie“ ncias da Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada do Guincho, 2750-374 Cascais, O Portugal. Escola Superior de Educac° a‹ oJoa‹ o de Deus, Avenida A¤lvares Cabral, 1269-094 Lisboa, Portugal. Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK and Division of Biodiversity and Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 7PX, UK. P Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] The predatory e¡ects of Pachygrapsus marmoratus on populations of the intertidal limpet Patella depressa were analysed on rocky shores located on the central coast of Portugal. Nocturnal observations on crab feeding behaviour were conducted and experimental exclusion cages were set in the substratum to assess density e¡ects on limpets. The results indicated that although crabs feed on adult limpets the predatory level was minimal. Crabs used consistent tactics to detach limpets from the substratum but the majority of the attacks were unsuccessful, possibly due to morphological and behavioural adaptations of limpets. An alternative recruitment hypothesis is advanced to explain non-signi¢cant di¡erences between experimental treatments and a possible predatory role on shaping levels of recruitment on lower levels of the shore is considered. INTRODUCTION amplitude varies around 3 m. Both shores are composed of limestone rocks with a moderate slope and the sites are Predation has been viewed as a primary biotic factor exposed to wave action.
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of Simulated Exploitation on Patella Vulgata
    The influence of simulated exploitation on Patella vulgata populations: protandric sex change is size-dependent Carla D. G. Borges1,2,3, Stephen J. Hawkins1,3,4, Tasman P. Crowe1,5 & C. Patrick Doncaster1 1Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK 2Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacßao~ Marinha e Ambiental, CIIMAR-Porto, Laboratorio de Biodiversidade Costeira, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050- 123 Porto, Portugal 3The Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, Devon, PL1 2PB, UK 4Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK 5Earth Institute and School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland Keywords Abstract Human exploitation, limpets, protandry, sex change, size at sex change, size-selective Grazing mollusks are used as a food resource worldwide, and limpets are har- harvesting. vested commercially for both local consumption and export in several coun- tries. This study describes a field experiment to assess the effects of simulated Correspondence human exploitation of limpets Patella vulgata on their population ecology in Carla D. G. Borges, Centro Interdisciplinar de terms of protandry (age-related sex change from male to female), growth, ß~ Investigacao Marinha e Ambiental, CIIMAR- recruitment, migration, and density regulation. Limpet populations at two loca- Porto, Laboratorio de Biodiversidade Costeira, tions in southwest England were artificially exploited by systematic removal of Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal. the largest individuals for 18 months in plots assigned to three treatments at Tel: 00351223401835; each site: no (control), low, and high exploitation.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Pollution Bulletin 105 (2016) 23–29
    Marine Pollution Bulletin 105 (2016) 23–29 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Marine Pollution Bulletin journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/marpolbul Detection and characterisation of the biopollutant Xenostrobus securis (Lamarck 1819) Asturian population from DNA Barcoding and eBarcoding Floriaan Devloo-Delva a,1, Laura Miralles a,1, Alba Ardura b,YaiselJ.Borrella, Ivana Pejovic a, Valentina Tsartsianidou a, Eva Garcia-Vazquez a,⁎ a Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain b USR3278-CRIOBE-CNRS-EPHE. Laboratoire d'excellence “CORAIL”. Université de Perpignan-CBETM. 58 Rue Paul Alduy. 66860-Perpignan, CEDEX. France article info abstract Article history: DNA efficiently contributes to detect and understand marine invasions. In 2014 the potential biological pollutant Received 13 January 2016 pygmy mussel (Xenostrobus securis) was observed for the first time in the Avilés estuary (Asturias, Bay of Biscay). Received in revised form 1 March 2016 The goal of this study was to assess the stage of invasion, based on demographic and genetic (DNA Barcoding) Accepted 4 March 2016 characteristics, and to develop a molecular tool for surveying the species in environmental DNA. A total of 130 Available online 9 March 2016 individuals were analysed for the DNA Barcode cytochrome oxidase I gene in order to determine genetic diversity, population structure, expansion trends, and to inferring introduction hits. Reproduction was evidenced Keywords: Xenostrobus securis by bimodal size distributions of 1597 mussels. High population genetic variation and genetically distinct clades biological invasion might suggest multiple introductions from several source populations. Finally, species-specific primers were environmental DNA developed within the DNA barcode for PCR amplification from water samples in order to enabling rapid detection Barcoding of the species in initial expansion stages.
    [Show full text]
  • The Population Dynamics of Patella Vulgata and Other Limpets. Thesis Presented for the Degree of Ph.D. in the University of Lond
    The population dynamics of Patella vulgata and other limpets. Thesis presented for the Degree of Ph.D. in the University of London by illiam James Bal antine (Queen Mary College). 2 Abstract Useful generalisations can be made about limpet popula- tions in much the same way as they can about individual animals. These generalisations can be expressed quantitatively and formed into a framework of population dynamics. In Patella vulgata populations a greater mean size (defined as the 50% accumulative weight size) indicates Ci) a faster growth rate, (ii) a larger maximum size, (iii) an increase4 mortality rate, (iv) decreased mean and maximum life spans, Cv) an increased settlement rate, (vi) an earlier and more rapid seasonal maturation of the gonad, (vii) a larger number of eggs produced per female and per unit weight, (viii) a lower radula ratio and a flatter shell at the mean size, than would be found in a population with a smaller mean size. The timing of sexual maturity and of sex change is independent of these correlated features of population dynamics. The correlations were established by the detailed study of four populations at Mount Batten, Plymouth; and verified by experi- mental alteration of the population structure and a survey of Patella on all types of shore. The range of Patella vulgata in S.W. Britain is limited at the top of the shore principally by desiccation. The penetration of sheltered conditions is determined by interaction between the fucoids and the limpets, On exposed shores, the lower limit is determined by competition between P. vulgata and P.
    [Show full text]
  • The Character and Status of Rocky Shore Communities At
    Journal of the Lundy Field Society, 5, 2016 THE CHARACTER AND STATUS OF ROCKY SHORE COMMUNITIES AT LUNDY: HISTORIC AND RECENT SURVEYS by KEITH HISCOCK1 AND JULIET BRODIE2 1 Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Plymouth, PL1 2PB 2Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD 1 Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT A study of species on some Lundy shores was made by ten marine ecologists in August-September 2008 with subsequent surveys and observations up until 2015. Comparisons were made with site-specific species lists made by L.A. Harvey from the late 1940s and obtained in 2009. Species numbers and identity were similar between 2008 and 2015 to those in the late 1940s. The few notable differences can largely be attributed to serendipitous finds of normally subtidal species and specialist taxonomic knowledge of some personnel. Taxa associated with turfs of coralline algae seemed slightly less rich but broadly similar after 60 years. Keywords: Lundy, rocky shores, Harvey, species records, coralline turfs INTRODUCTION Changes in the flora and fauna of north-east Atlantic shores are expected as a result of rising temperatures (see, for example, Hiscock et al. 2004) and the arrival of non-native species (see, for example, Minchin et al. 2013). However, reliable survey data from locations that can be resurveyed are frequently lacking. In the case of rocky shores at Lundy, the existence of detailed field notes from the late 1940s and 1950 makes a comparison with recent years possible. An account of the species found on certain rocky shores at Lundy compared to some of the observations of Leslie and Clare Harvey in the late 1940s and early 1950s was given in Hiscock (2008) and the current paper should be read in combination with that earlier one.
    [Show full text]