Vol. 54 Issue No. 48 Mumbai May 28 to June 3, 2013 Pages 8 Price Rs. 3/- JUST WHAT DOES THE UN SECRETARY-GENERAL DO – AND HOW DOES HE DO IT? t has taken a Bombayite, a former was the period of economic depres- Political Director in the Executive sion. IOffice of the Secretary-General of the But out of the ashes of the Second United Nations, to explain the intri- World War, the allied powers estab- cate, highly nuanced workings of the lished the United Nations, the third world body. generation of international organ- Mr. Kishore Mandhyan, who work- isations. But they had learnt the lesson ed over the last five years in the above that it was not only political but eco- post, revealed all at the last meeting nomic engagement that mattered. The when he gave an interesting talk on “The UN emerged as the political arm of in- view from the 38th floor of the United ternational co-operation. Nations: A day in the life of the UN Coming up around the same time Secretary-General”. were the Breton Woods Institutions PP Haresh Jagtiani revealed while such as the IMF and the World Bank introducing him that he had rubbed which were the economic dimensions shoulders with several Heads of State, of international economic governance. including Barrack Obama, George W. It was this institution, the United Bush, Bill Clinton, Jimmy Carter and Nations, that the Secretary-General many others. Countries have tried since centuries to set up mechanisms of co-operation. managed. Essentially, these institutions He had lectured at Harvard Univer- The United Nations is only the latest such attempt, says Mr. Kishore were State-centric; but although they sity and at Boston College and had re- Mandhyan, former Political Director in the Executive Office of the were driven by States’ interests, they ceived several accolades, including Life- UN Secretary-General were regulated by the United Nations time Achievement Awards from the General were located), the context of relative stability during which many Charter. Tufts Global Institute and the Univer- within which it occurred, the content technical international institutions The UN Charter was founded sity of Bombay. of the occurrences and some of the key emerged, such as the International Tele- during an idealistic period. Its pre- Mr. Mandhyan said that in the challenges faced by the office. communications Union (ITU), the amble started with the words, “We course of his talk he would make an Starting with the context within Universal Postal Union (UPU) and so the people of the United Nations attempt to offer a snapshot of what which the Secretary-General func- on. wanting to save the succeeding gen- occurred on the 38th floor of the UN tioned, he pointed out that contrary to These were now taken for granted, erations from the scourge of war (where the offices of the Secretary- popular belief, international institutions but it was almost impossible to imag- and to promote human rights and for co-operation between States (such ine in today’s world that a letter posted economic development...” Thank you, Rotary! as the United Nations) had existed for in one part of the world reached an- Clearly, it was an idealistic Charter, r. Kishore Mandhyan, the a very long time and were not recent other remote part safe, secure, un- based upon co-operation among States Mguest speaker at the last meet- phenomena. In ancient Greece, the con- opened and within a certain time pe- and the Secretary-General only at- ing, expressed his gratitude to Ro- test between Athens and Sparta, the riod. These norms and conventions tempted to facilitate that co-operation. tary which had enabled him to fulfil Hellenic leagues and the Peloponnesian were established by the ITU, the UPU That was the core of his work. his dream of an international career leagues, had managed the bilateral rela- and so on and formed the foundation (Continued on Page 2) through the Rotary Graduate Fellow- tions between the city-states. for the setting up of the new internet ship that he had received in 1976. These efforts were not very well and social networks regimes that were Forthcoming He had gone on to study abroad and developed, not very mature and rather popular today. Similar institutions also landed an excellent job with the primitive in form, but there was, none- helped identify and allocate “corridors” meetings United Nations. theless, the genesis of co-operation to international civil aviation organ- May 28, 2013 For the last five years he had among States. isations. Mr. Cyrus Broacha to speak. worked as the Political Director in If one fast-forwarded to 1815, just But, Mr. Mandhyan said, that order June 4, 2014 the Executive Office of the Secre- after the Napoleonic wars, there was collapsed in 1914. There emerged the PP Haresh Jagtiani to address the tary-General of the United Nations. the establishment of the Concert of League of Nations which could be issue of match-fixing, spot-fixing, “It’s great to say thank you to Europe which was an informal mecha- called the second generation of formal bookies and players in cricket and Rotary today. It’s wonderful that I nism for consultation amongst Euro- international institutions. It was a uni- whether the law has any role to play. have come full circle to say this in pean States of the time, to set the rules versal, general-purpose organisation. June 11, 2013 the very city in which I was born. of the game, to engage and to reduce Along with it came the International Mr. Ronnie Screwvala to address Besides, I am saying it in a room the outcomes of war which they had Labour Organisation. That was a pe- the Club. where I had my first date with my experienced for 25 years between 1789 riod of revolution in the former Soviet June 18, 2013 wife when she was 16 and I was 18. and 1815 after the deposition of the Union and the effort was to get labour To be announced. I had to take her to the best. So I monarchy in France. This was a big management and the States together in June 25, 2013 borrowed money from friends to change in the area of co-operation. creating a particular kind of order. Evening meeting, with Fellowship bring her here. And then, for almost 100 years be- The League of Nations didn’t last from 7 pm onwards. President “Thank you very much,” Mr. tween 1815 and 1914 when the First very long, because the Second World Nowroze Vazifdar to present his re- Mandhyan added. World War broke out, it was a period War was just round the corner and so port for the Rotary year 2012-13. ‘The UN is a complex web of organisations created by member States and overseen by the Secretary-General’ (Continued from Page 1) bly, it was a challenge for the Secre- tary-General was the Chief Adminis- Turning to the basic architecture, he Taking up the functional geography tary-General to coordinate their ac- trative Officer or the Chief Executive said the Secretariat had many depart- of the organisation, Mr. Mandhyan said tivities. of the UN. But some had posed the ments. These were the department of that in reality there was more than one In addition to the above, there was question, whether he was the Chair- political affairs, which he called the “in- UN; there were three UNs, like paral- an additional “adjunct” player, which man or the Managing Director. Or ternational state department”; and lel universes. comprised the permanent missions or both? Was he more secretary, or more the department of peace-keeping oper- The first and foremost was the core the ambassadors of the various coun- general, or was he a “secular Pope” ations, or the “international pentagon”, UN which consisted of the principal tries. These were extensions of the implementing a new Bible called the involved with peace and security. legislative organs, viz., the Security States, but because the permanent rep- UN Charter, the Blue Book? There was also the office of legal Council and the General Assembly. resentatives were always in New York, “These are questions that come up affairs, or the judicial arm of the Secre- While the Security Council functioned Geneva or Vienna (the three main from time to time in debates surround- tariat. These were some of the depart- “like some form of Senate with the places where the UN worked out of), ing the role of the Secretary-General. ments, but there were many others powerful nations ensconced in it”, in they more or less participated in the The UN is a living institution, a work dealing with humanitarian, economic, the General Assembly the principle of day-to-day decision-making processes in progress, so that each time new social and other issues. To coordinate equality was well established, where of the organisation. norms are developed, the old ones all these, to have them followed through one nation had one vote. The other or- Key issues in this area, said Mr. metamorphose and a new dialectic and to bring up issues from the ground gans, the economic and social councils, Mandhyan, were the interests of emerges.” was an important aspect of the Secre- dealt with socio-economic issues. The States, the norms they supported, how Another aspect of the terms of ref- tary-General’s work. He also had to International Court of Justice in The they collaborated, the give and take in- erence of the Secretary-General was make decisions on policy. Hague dealt with judicial issues. volved in, for example, pushing for the that he would bring to the attention of Although the range of issues he The UN Secretariat tried to imple- estalishment of the International Cri- the Security Council any issue or mat- had to engage with was quite nu- ment the decisions of the principal or- minal Court, to what extent they sup- ter that he deemed to be a threat to merous, he could, at best, think of gans and the work of the Secretary- ported UN actions through troop and international peace and security. This prevention (like homoeopathy and General was to see that the different fund contributions, in the peace-keep- gave him a wide latitude to shape the ayurveda) where one would first organs co-operated and supported the ing operations as in Sudan or Somalia. agenda. But it also meant that this talk to States to learn whether a programmes emerging from the man- Thus, they played a very important power had to be carefully utilised. He conflict was about to break out. Pre- dates given by them. role. But it was important to remem- could not bring up everything. vention was considered to be the The UN had 193 member States; ber that while the UN had an interna- He received letters from all over the preferable course of action because therefore, the Secretariat was com- tional character, the States that partici- world, asking why he was not taking it was cost-effective. posed of people from those States. pated in it were driven by their own up one issue or another. He had to make If a conflict broke out, Mr. Mandh- Just as India had 30 States and a interests and had a national character. a judgement on which issues needed yan said, the process of peace-making civil service composed of people This sometimes created problems. to be taken up. However, the final de- started. He would have to make an at- from the 30 States with different Some other actors who were becom- cisions regarding peace and security tempt to bring the parties together, us- political and administrative cul- ing increasingly relevant and powerful were taken by the Security Council. ing diplomacy and so on. If that failed, tures, the UN also had 193 different were the international media, the social Mr. Mandhyan said the Secretary- he had to engage in peace-keeping, political and administrative cul- networks and non-governmental organ- General had to be provided with an separating the forces, giving time for tures. The challenge was to weave isations of civil society. They were independent International Secretariat to wounds to heal and, meanwhile, get- them into one homogenous organ- collaborating increasingly and all over implement the decisions of the various ting involved in political and economic isational culture. the world. They were linking up very legislative organs. This had to be like a negotiations, taking the assistance of Moving on, Mr. Mandhyan said that often on some issues and were some- civil service, or an impartial Secretariat. the World Bank and other institutions within the UN system there were many times better organised on some issues; But this was a tall order because the to see whether the parties would com- self-governing institutions linked only therefore they could push the agenda States sought control. As a result, the ply with the agreements they had by a formal mandate; in reality, how- more strongly than some of the States. resources provided to develop such a signed. ever, they were almost independent, Moving on, Mr. Mandhyan posed Secretariat and the manner in which Next came the period of peace-build- thus giving rise to a confederation of the question, how did the Secretary- appointments were made, in all such ing and state-building. An attempt was funds, programmes and agencies. General do his work? And what was matters he had to balance decisions in made to resurrect the institutions of For example, the World Health the legal basis of the work? order to maintain the legitimacy, au- the State, followed by early recovery Organisation, the IMF and the World The legal basis, he said, was spelt thority and credibility of the organ- and development in the long run. Bank had their own governing struc- out in Articles 97 to 101 of the Charter. isation. He faced such issues almost “I use a medical analogy. You have ture and yet were supposed to be co- Article 97 pointed out that the Secre- every day. prevention, you have the intensive care ordinated by the Secretary-General. unit and then the in-hospitalisation These were the UN Children’s Fund process. For example, Cyprus today and the UN Development Programme is in the hospital but it is outside the which handled development issues dif- intensive care unit; Bosnia-Herze- ferent from those dealt with by the govina and Croatia are outside the hos- World Bank. pital but they get outpatient physio- There was also the UN Environmen- therapy and that has been subcon- tal Programme based in Nairobi which tracted to the European Union. handled environment-related develop- “Over the long term, you try to en- ment issues; the UN High Commis- hance their sovereignty so that they sion for Refugees in Geneva which dealt can heal themselves; that is the objec- with refugee displacement issues; the tive, because at the end of the day the Human Rights Commission oversee- UN is not a world government, it is a ing human rights issues; and so on. Each network of States to enable member one of these elements in the UN sys- States to function at their best. That is tem tried to assert itself, although the how we look at it. And that is what the Secretary-General attempted to engage objective of this Secretary-General has them through a complex process. been, as, I am sure, it has been of the Although they functioned under the The UN Secretary-General’s Secretariat is like the Indian IAS, with previous Secretaries-General, too.” overall ambit of the General Assem- representatives from 193 members States, says Mr. Kishore Mandhyan (Continued on Page 6) May 28 to June 3, 2013 THE GATEWAY, The Bulletin of the Rotary Club of Bombay Page 2 Sharing pleasant vibes at the last meeting. In the picture at left are PP Nalin Parikh and Sabira Merchant. At right, the duo of Mudit Jain and Anil Harish shares some serious thoughts Cyrus Broacha: Irreverent, provocative and mischievous, this prankster dons many different hats he speaker at the meeting of May FM radio took off in India and he Mr. Broacha has also hosted several Fear Factor – Khatron Ke Khiladi Level T28 is the irreverent, provocative quickly gained a reputation as a radio cricket shows, including the popular 3 on Colors TV. and mischievous Mr. Cyrus Broacha jockey. “Chevrolet Cricket Show” on Ten A columnist who writes regularly who dons different hats at different After graduation, Mr. Broacha went Sports, and interviewed nearly every for two leading national newspapers times of the day. to the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film cricketer from every generation. and two magazines, he also hosts an He describes himself variously as a Institute in New York where he stud- He anchors a news satire and com- annual show called Greenathon on television anchor, theatre personality, ied acting for theatre. After returning to edy show, The Week That Wasn’t on NDTV. political satirist, columnist and author India, he acted in many commercials, CNN-IBN, co-written and directed by In January, 2010, Mr. Broacha re- to begin with. But he is also a stand-up television serials and plays. He also his friend Mr. Kunal Vijaykar. He also leased his book Karl, Aaj aur Kal, a comedian and prankster who is best hosted shows and corporate events presents the show Faking News on humorous, semi-autobiographical take known for a show called Bakra on while pursuing his passion for acting IBN 7, directed by Mr. Vijaykar. on celebrities, Bollywood and politics. MTV and for The Week That Wasn’t with over 20 commercial theatre pro- Mr. Broacha led India’s “Rock the It traced the lives of two young friends, on CNN-IBN. ductions. Vote” campaign and represented MTV Karl and Kunal, giving a witty, tongue- Born on August 7, 1971, to a Parsi His popularity had MTV seeking at the UNAIDS Conference in in-cheek account of how they made it father and a Catholic mother, he stud- him. As anchor with the channel, his Hanover, Germany. He moderated the big in Tinsel town. In 2011, he released ied at Cathedral and John Connon reputation grew and he became MTV’s Indian segment of “Be Heard – A Glo- another book, The Average Indian School and graduated from St. Xavier’s main face. He has, till date, interviewed bal Discussion With Colin Powell” in Male, which was a riotous account of College, Bombay. He was also a stu- almost everyone in the Hindi film in- February, 2002. the Indian male, commonly referred to dent of the celebrated Lee Strasberg dustry, from Amitabh Bachchan to Interestingly, he has also appeared as the “aam aadmi”. Theatre and Film Institute in New Shah Rukh Khan. His candid-camera on Sony Entertainment Television’s hit He is married to Ayesha, a photog- York. show was called MTV Bakra and was show Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa, the Indian rapher, and the couple has two chil- Mr. Broacha started acting at the age a monstrous hit. version of Dancing with the Stars, and dren, son Mikhaail and daughter Maya. of five when he took part in a school play, The Emperor’s New Clothes. ‘Be the Change’ Later, he performed and wrote for the show on school magazine every year, winning prizes both for English and for drama. June 14 When he was just 12 years old, he he Club has arranged a preview of acted in his first Hindi film Jalwa (which Tthe show “Be The Change” at the was made by Pankaj Parashar) and Nehru Centre from 6 to 7 pm on Fri- shared the screen with Naseeruddin day, June 14. Shah. Hon. Secretary Sitaram Shah in- A year later, he did his first profes- formed members at the last meeting sional play, Brighton Beach Memoirs, that there was a limited number of seats under the baton of Pearl Padamsee. for the show and advised them to re- The press hailed him as a “child serve these as early as possible. prodigy” and his acting career took off. Birthday donation He acted in several plays as theatre urjor Poonawala has made a birth- became his passion. day donation of Rs. 5,001. He also came into the limelight dur- These three Past Presidents spread smiles wherever they go. From left in this BPresident Nowroze Vazifdar ing the Malhar festival at his college. In photograph are PP Dr. Rumi Jehangir, PP Ashish Vaid and PP Dr. Rahim thanked him at the last meeting for his fact, it was when he was in college that Muljiani along with Pranay Vakil and Natoobhai Brahmbhatt generosity. May 28 to June 3, 2013 THE GATEWAY, The Bulletin of the Rotary Club of Bombay Page 3 A visit to the Ajit Deshpande Medical Centre

small group of Rotarians visited the Ajit Deshpande Medical Centre (ADMC) Aat Talwada recently to review its operations. The group was led by President Nowroze Vazifdar and included President-Elect Nirav Shah, his spouse Devina, ADMC Chairman Dr. Sorab Javeri and a duo from the Oral Health Committee, viz., Dr. Rajeev Narvekar and Dr. Mala Jagtiani. Apart from going around the centre and interacting with some of the patients who had come in for diagnosis and treatment, the team from the Rotary Club of Bombay also met with the young members of the Rotaract Club of Government Dental College who visit the ADMC twice a month to offer free services to the poor and needy. The resident doctor at the ADMC, Dr. Yadav, showed the team around and ex- The plaque says it all. The solar lighting project installed in 2010 is providing light round the plained the centre’s working. clock at the two key centres at Talwada, the ADMC and the HTEC. The solar tube lights burn The team also dropped by at the Hasanali Tobaccowala Eye Centre where it met bright at right the resident surgeon, Dr. Anil Deshpande.

The best smiles were seen on the faces of the local and tribal residents who came forward to benefit from the excellent services available free of cost at Talwada. At right, Dr. Sorab Javeri leads the way

With the eye surgeon who resides on the premises. Dr. Anil Deshpande is flanked by Dr. Sorab Javeri and President-Elect Nirav Shah. At right, Dr. Sorab relaxes over a cup of tea in the company of Dr. Srinivas Kamath of Government Dental College

May 28 to June 3, 2013 THE GATEWAY, The Bulletin of the Rotary Club of Bombay Page 4 A visit to the Ajit Deshpande Medical Centre

small group of Rotarians visited the Ajit Deshpande Medical Centre (ADMC) Aat Talwada recently to review its operations. The group was led by President Nowroze Vazifdar and included President-Elect Nirav Shah, his spouse Devina, ADMC Chairman Dr. Sorab Javeri and a duo from the Oral Health Committee, viz., Dr. Rajeev Narvekar and Dr. Mala Jagtiani. Apart from going around the centre and interacting with some of the patients who had come in for diagnosis and treatment, the team from the Rotary Club of Bombay also met with the young members of the Rotaract Club of Government Dental College who visit the ADMC twice a month to offer free services to the poor and needy. The resident doctor at the ADMC, Dr. Yadav, showed the team around and ex- plained the centre’s working. Inside and outside. The team of Rotarians from Bombay upon arrival at the ADMC Talwada. The team also dropped by at the Hasanali Tobaccowala Eye Centre where it met Among those who can be spotted in the picture are Nowroze, Dr. Sorab, Dr. Rajeev Narvekar, the resident surgeon, Dr. Anil Deshpande. Dr. Mala Jagtiani and Nirav

With the good, kind doctor. Dr. Yadav, who tends to every patient approaching the ADMC, snapped with Dr. Sorab and Nirav. At right, a rather hesitant Nirav has his teeth examined by Dr. Rajeev Narvekar

They also serve who travel all the way from CST. Rotaractors of Government Dental College make two trips to the ADMC at Talwada every month to attend to the patients. At right, Devina (second from right) joins the team

May 28 to June 3, 2013 THE GATEWAY, The Bulletin of the Rotary Club of Bombay Page 5 ‘The Secretary-General has at least two staff meetings everyday’ (Continued from Page 2) “In the morning cabinet meeting, personal agenda and the institutional thing wrong and then we condemn Apart from the above, there were four or five Principals representing dif- agenda and present the most recent them both. But the new, more robust action plans and priorities; for example, ferent parts of the UN, talk about facts from the ground. generation of peace-keepers says, if the current priority in four to five dif- what’s important. The earthquake in Once this was drafted and placed they did wrong, we measure it against ferent areas in the case of peace and Haiti, the tsunami disaster in Fuku- before him, the Secretary-General read the principle and call it.” security was to see how to reconcile shima, the coup d’état in Madagascar, it religiously every day. Therefore, it Mr. Mandhyan also touched on the the contest between the humanitarian should there be an inquiry commission had to be very carefully crafted – “and issue of speaking truth to power. There institutions in the UN and the political in Sri Lanka because international then we are off to the cocktail circuit in were people trying to please the Sec- institutions. One of these said that NGOs are calling for it?” the New York diplomatic scene, gath- retary-General. But his office, when political space was more important and The Principals discussed whom to ering tit-bits, relevant information and necessary, said, “Sir, this won’t work. insisted that “get the politics right, be- call, the President or someone else? Or getting ready for the next day.” You must consider an inquiry com- fore you can engage in a humanitarian was it better to first get information Next, Mr. Mandhyan asked, what mission for Sri Lanka”. or technical way”. The other said, “no, from the ground and see the “tempera- were the parameters within which the Next, transparency versus confiden- give us the space to do that, that would ture” in the Security Council. UN or the Secretary-General operated? tiality. It had to be remembered that get the politics right”. Mr. Mandhyan said the Security First of all, its actions had to have the sometimes quiet diplomacy helped, at On the disarmament front, Mr. Council was the political stock ex- consent of the States, rather, the una- other times it was public diplomacy Mandhyan said, it was crucial to get change of the world. Just as some nimity of the permanent five members. that was important. To distinguish small arms out of the way because these people observed the markets and their It also had to look at whether the man- which issues needed public diplomacy could be more dangerous than nuclear behaviour, members of the Secretary- dates were supported by proportion- and which needed quiet diplomacy weapons. A lot of killings took place General’s staff watched the debates in ate resources lest it was caught on the was very important. through child soldiers subsequent to the Security Council. They observed wrong foot. There was a tendency for The present Secretary-General was the distribution and sale of small arms. how the different delegates of the per- the Security Council to legislate man- a private man, whereas Mr. Kofi Annan It was thus essential to get the arms manent and temporary members dates without proportionate resources. had a more public image. However, each treaty implemented. spoke on a particular issue. These gave What about the ethical rules through was effective in his own way. This Sec- The third priority was to deal with a pointer to the “temperature” of the which the UN engaged? Were the ac- retary-General had a very strong view the rapes of women in war zones, es- day. tions that the Secretary-General was on ethics. He had signed compacts with pecially in Eastern Congo. The UN had They also had to observe the give- taking legitimate? Did they enhance the senior managers, judging them at the recently established a special interven- and-take occurring on a range of issues authority of the organisation and did end of the year. He was also account- tion brigade which was considered and subjects, as also the “linkage poli- they enhance the power of the UN able to himself. sensitive. People had asked whe-ther tics” and the “issue politics”. And then forces? There were 100,000 UN forces On the issue of raising the percent- the UN should be doing the fighting came back to brief the Secretary-Gen- on the ground with 5,000 civilians, age of women in the Cabinet, for the where the States couldn’t control such eral around 9.30 or 10; this had to be about 30 peace-keeping missions and first time, 9 of 16 cabinet members were situations. However, a lot of women’s done very quickly. the international police on the ground. women. And, for the first time, in the group were admonishing the UN for The Secretary-General had his own “We have to be cognisant of the ac- most dangerous field assignments there not being robust enough. They wanted independent telephone calls, he had tions that we take. Can we do it? Can were at least six or seven women while the UN to protect the women from the been on the cocktail circuit the previ- we sustain it? And can we do it within there were none five years ago. This hundreds of rapes taking place. One ous evening, he had got reading materi- the resources that have been given to was a new development and he plan- rarely read about them in newspapers als early in the morning and late in the us and within the framework of the ned to promote it even further. Sadly, here, but they did take place. night. And he had gone through it all Charter? there were very few women in the se- And then the question of dealing with before reaching his office. “The essential rule that we try to nior and mid-level professional posi- terrorism. On Mali, where the Al-Qaeda At 10.30 am, a meeting took place follow, which is very difficult, is the tions. The Secretary-General was try- had placed itself, the Security Council with the communications group to de- notion of impartiality. Impartiality is ing to remedy the situation. had recently passed a resolution, much cide about the posture to be adopted quite different from neutrality; neutral- It could be said that the Secretary- to the discomfort of some parts of the on an issue and also how to manage ity is a mechanical concept between General was a bit of a Secretary, a bit of Secretariat, that it had to support the expectations at the noon briefing when two opposing sides, but impartiality a Pope and a bit of a General. It requir- actions of States to quell terrorism. This the world press would be present. is not passive, it’s an active principle ed different things at different times to was a completely different ballgame. The day’s programme included de- in which you measure the actions of marshal different kinds of issues and Could the UN use drones for surveil- ciding about whom to call and which the Secretary-General or the UN at any mobilise certain kinds of resources. Dag lance? The UN respected the sover- Heads of State or governments were given point of time against the norms Hammarskjold (former Secretary-Gen- eignty of the States but the drones did supposed to come calling. Was Bill that guide the United Nations. eral) had said “the UN was not invented not do so. How much forewarning had Gates coming in to talk about co-oper- “There’s a tendency to say, if the to take the world to heaven but to pre- to be given? All these questions came ating with the UN on health policy Serbs do something wrong, don’t pro- vent it from descending to hell”. up on an everyday basis before the and on AIDS issues? Or George nounce on it unless the Croats do some- (Continued on Page 7) Secretary-General. Clooney who was particularly con- “Let me share with you what is a cerned about Sudan and the refugee day in the life of the Secretary-Gen- crisis in Darfur? How could the UN eral, because this is the contextual di- mobilise Hollywood or Bollywood? mension within which things happen. This was how the Secretary-Gen- It starts really the previous day. We eral went through with his programme have a team, the Political Office, which for the day. But in the evening, around is like an ‘international security coun- 5.30 or 6 o’clock, his office received cil’; it has a number of officers, each cables from different parts of the world, allocated different files, different cables that came in through crypto- themes. We get feeds from the depart- grams from special envoys on the ment of public information which tell ground, in the Middle East, in Latin us what is going on in different parts of America and elsewhere. the world based on cables and feeds And then, in two and a half pages, from UN field offices. his office had to give the Secretary- “If it is very urgent, we contact the General a note which, without influ- Secretary-General’s residence or the encing him, indicated the costs and ben- Deputy Secretary-General or the Chef efits of a particular position that he Mr. Kishore Mandhyan answers questions with aplomb. To his right is d’Cabinet (Mr. Vijay Nambiar). might take and how it would affect his PP Haresh Jagtiani, who introduced him to members May 28 to June 3, 2013 THE GATEWAY, The Bulletin of the Rotary Club of Bombay Page 6 Kishore Mandhyan regrets ‘the veneer of civilisation’ wears very thin (Continued from Page 6) the Sri Lanka armed forces’ actions tory score. The effort put in, however, all three approaches. Similarly, in the And what had he learnt in all his against the Tamils in the north was fol- was far more than that. UN sometimes it was necessary to years with the UN? Mr. Mandhyan lowed immediately by the Libyan cri- The UN did not have a distinct per- carry out intensive surgery, for example said that the most important lesson he sis, which was followed by the Syrian sonality because it did not have an in- in Cote d’Ivoire after the UN had cer- had learnt was in the nine years that he crisis, at the same time the Arab Spring dependent budget; it was dependent tified the electoral outcome as being had spent in the former Yugoslavia, in began and there was also the problem on the States. The UN had asked for a correct and the President would have Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia- in Tunisia, Bahrain and the perpetual standing army. It had a standing regu- to step down, otherwise UN troops Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia ongoing Arab-Israeli dispute. lar budget. The Secretary-General had would be compelled to enforce the and Kosovo. “On any given day, you have only a contingency budget of about $50 mandate. That was allopathic surgery. He had believed all along that where so much time, so you guard your po- million and an emergency relief fund There was also division of labour there was a combination of beauty and litical capital carefully. In the case of of $100 million. These were small with regional organisations, the Afri- brains, there was bound to be peace the first Gulf War, the UN had pro- amounts compared to the scale of the can Union and through personal diplo- and goodwill. The former Yugoslavia vided a format to the US, but in the crises before the UN. macy to speak to the President who had shattered this belief. second Gulf War it didn’t. Similarly, in On account of this, the Secretary- was refusing to step down. “I realised that beauty and knowl- Afghanistan there were some lessons General often had to go to certain coun- “So we tried the persuasive natur- edge don’t necessarily promote peace learnt on both sides and there was a tries that were rich to ask for contri- opathy approach there. And there were and harmony. In the former Yugosla- congruence of minimal interests butions, but those countries in time other approaches in between that we via, as it disintegrated, the fighting took amongst the great powers. asked for their pound of flesh. Some applied. I think one should not rule out place amongst not only peasants but “So you had a resolution where the countries wanted their human rights different options. But diplomacy also amongst middle-class doctors, pro- UN was given a political role but the records to be ignored. Given this, the works best when it works on a basis of fessionals and lawyers. They were primary military role was given to the UN effort had been tremendous. strength, both the unanimity of the many amongst them who carried out multinational forces, to the international “I’ll give you one measure of this: permanent five in the Council and get- atrocities. The UN supported the war security assistance force, which was when every Head of State or govern- ting all member States on board, par- crimes tribunals and pursued the evi- basically NATO. I think it was balanc- ment comes in September or October ticularly the member States of the re- dence; it was the job of the UN to get ing those very different interests that to New York for the General Assem- gion in which the conflict is taking place. the prisoners, Heads of States, arrested the UN didn’t push further, because if bly debate, they are eager even for a “There is another dimension. Can or indicted and sent to The Hague. you stand your ground too much on short meeting with the Secretary-Gen- you amend the Charter to make it “The situation had changed overnight one, then you may not get an entry in eral. That tells you something – that strong? The idea of the UN is not to in 1989-90. The former Yugoslavia is another crisis, for example, in Cote his office really matters.” become a world government. It is a net- one of the most beautiful, stunning d’Ivoire, in Morocco, in a different It could be said that he was like a work of international governments, it’s places, if you travel from Ljubljana to place.” Pope making statements when re- not to take over the membership, but Skopje, it is simply stunning and there Dr. Shailesh Raina wanted to know, quired about situations that had oc- actually to enable the membership to is no coast like the Croatian coast. on a scale of 1 to 10, how he would rate curred. And it mattered to countries to function at its best. So capacity-build- There are caverns where you can go the UN performance in ensuring that be seen in the correct light. Interna- ing, institution-building, governance for walks and there are underground the world was not descending into hell tional law mattered, so did international projects are there to crystallise new seas and rivers. It’s exceptionally beau- in the last decade or so. behaviour. Even though they probably member States which have came late tiful. Dr. Mandhyan said he always told did not subscribe to it on a day-to-day into the game in the decolonisation “And yet they fought, so beauty the teachers of his daughters that he basis, but when “the priest of the period and bring them up to par with didn’t matter. And they were all edu- was less interested in the grades that house” said that someone had not done older States from a previous period. cated, so education didn’t matter. they actually got but more interested it right, it caused a certain discomfort. “You can amend the Constitution Which told me that the veneer of in the efforts that they had made. He “So I would say that the UN per- but a constitutional design requires two civilisation is very thin. We have to followed the same policy while giving formance has been not great, not excel- elements. There must be stability of think of our own society, that educated marks to his students at Boston Col- lent; it could be better, but it hasn’t the framework and sufficient flexibil- and deeply cultured as our society lege, at Harvard and at Tufts. been as dismal as it has been made out ity to adapt to changing circumstances. might be, it can break down any mo- If one were to look at the empirical to be.” You don’t have to necessarily amend ment... Think of all the massacres that evidence, at the number of crises and at Finally, Suresh Jagtiani wanted to the Charter, but the legal culture and have taken place in and around Bombay, the resources and the mandates given know whether it was time to write a the administrative culture within which in Gujarat, in the North-East and else- to the UN, the resources were far new Charter for the UN Secretary- the Charter operates can be changed where. We have to be on guard against smaller than the mandates. General. A Charter that was more allo- by good leadership and imaginative ourselves,” Mr. Mandhyan concluded. The annual peace-keeping budget of pathic than homoeopathic in approach? engagement by the States who consti- When the floor was thrown open the UN was $8 billion for 30 missions Dr. Mandhyan said the best doctors tute the membership of the United for questions, Mudit Jain asked how across the world where law and order were those who were prepared to try Nations,” Mr. Mandhyan concluded. the US, when it invaded Afghanistan, had broken down. There were innu- overcame the resistance at the UN. Had merable mandates and a range of is- it bulldozed the UN? sues. On the other hand, the budget of Mr. Mandhyan said the Secretary- the New York Police Department was General had to walk a tight rope, just also $8 billion for five boroughs of New as the UN institutions had to walk a York. The population of New York tight rope, between interests and was under one country which was ho- norms. It had to strike a balance be- mogenous, while the UN peace-keep- tween weak States and strong ones, ing forces were dealing with disparate between today and tomorrow in the populations in distant areas. area of environmental legislation, be- When he arrived in Iraq with the UN tween landlocked States versus States mission, he had to establish a city in which had borders on oceans with re- the middle of a desert in the palaces of gard to global warming. Saddam on the banks of the Tigris; there Each moment presented a certain was no water, no ablution containers. possibility. The Secretary-General also And yet he was supposed to hold ne- had to figure out the competing issues gotiations with militants all around. at that point of time that were more With this in mind, he would be conser- important than others. For example, vative and give it a ‘B-’, a fair, satisfac- Sometimes homoeopathy is the best approach to solve international disputes, the sequence of crises with regard to Mr. Kishore Mandhyan tells Dr. Mukesh Batra May 28 to June 3, 2013 THE GATEWAY, The Bulletin of the Rotary Club of Bombay Page 7 Published on Tuesday, May 28, 2013. Regd. No. MH/MR/South-109/2012-14; R.N.I. No. 14015/60 Posted at Mumbai Patrika Channel Sorting Office, Mumbai 400 001, on Wednesday, May 29, 2013

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