( TBSTAMENTS TESTAMENTSOF THE TWELVE PATRIARCHS menbin * *n1 :' Jays.'And I saw seven a : Israel.'b.Then the angelled me back to the earth, and gave me a-shieldand ;i;" the vestmentsof the Priesth 'Perform mrth' t sword, and said to me-, vengeanceon Shechemfor the sakeof Dinah, -O.tt^Oing' the robe of 'At I put an 4 your slster,and I shallbe with you, for theLord sentme.' that time ' ;; tht aPronfor ProPheticPower 'And I said 'rlotn on be a s lnd to the sonsof Hamor, aq ls written-1tlthel4ttets of the fathers'" . ;;; iiio, now 'I gavt to him, beg you, Lord, tea n.yo,u^inthe : with holYoil and 'I ;i"A;" a r day of tribula:tion.'.e,nd he said, am the angelwho makesintercessiond for the i"t"t. r.J*. bYhand with bread .And rn€son I naiionIsrael, that they might not be beaten.' afterthis I awoke"and blessed -,.' t.tgntnt. 'The third put on the Most High. ' uound ;;J:': wood'T::J*l::l'The sixthPle 5i'tlJ fill , 6 ..enO as I was going to my father, I found a brassshield. Thus the nameof t. oti"tifv"ii"" diademon, me.and is Asfis, wtrictr il nearGebal to the right oflbima.".'And I guarded r"r theLord God'd 2 the mountain ;".;il;l as i I thesewords in my heart..Then I advisedmy fatherand Reubenthat they tell the u" OiuiAiOinto threeottices sonsof Hamorthat they shouldnot be circumcised,bbecause I wasfilled with zeal 'And 4 on accountof the abominablething they had doneto my sister. I destroyed - rThen Gcn}.5] :ffi a s Shechemfirst, andSimeon destroyed Hamor. my brotherscame and destroyed shallfound Jub30: ]i l"ftmiA;ad 'His e thatcity by the sword..when my fatherheard of this he wasangry and sorrowful, t .nJ fit all nations' Presenc fath becausithey had receivedcircumcision and died," and so he passedus by in his :- ;;;.ft;i of Abraham' our shal z blessings..ihur *e sinnedin doing this confary to his opinion, and hetecame ;;;; lsrael, and You 'But 'Guilty,' because.theyhad ' them s sick th;t very day. I sawthat God's sentencewas ilt*Y will shareamong our 'u" at wanted to Ob ttr6 samething to Sarah and Rebeccathat they did to Dinah' Pti.ttt, joOges'and scribes' .They was thz s sister.But the Lord preventedthem. persecutedAbraham when he a . vfii;i-;;okJ, I understood grossly " not nomad,and they harissedhis flocks when they were pregnant,and they fttott as well' and I did 'This iu r0 mistreatedEblain,d who had beenborn in this house. is how they treated 'But trrcs:';c rr the nomadicpeople, seizing their wives and murderingthem. the wrath of "nnO after wo daYsJudab 9-*unalurtt.t. I God ultimatelycame uPon them. r 'And mY father's wantI t f,-.dtt"n. And he did not ,.And 'Through visioob r 7 I saidto my father,Jacob, you theLord will bringthe canaanites t" f"tit.t, Jacob,saw. a z to nothingand wif give their land to you and your descendantsafter you.'For si.so,zsr andPaid tithes f' .. iia;;;;;'lY 'Anc from thistay forward,Shechem shall be called"city ofthe Senseless,""because . io tf"Uton to settlethere' 'because sister Deut22:2i *re 3 asone mighi scoff at a fool, so we scoffedat them, by defilingmy : ,.t"tliu"te the Law of I they comiritted folly in Israel,' 'and we left thereand cameto Bethel' tueht me the law of the Pnest , t."t"i offglnssfol Produce, me'A r 8 ..ThereI againsaw the vision as formerly,uafter we had beenthere seventy ' himselfwith it is consra "i.,iiii"gof PrbmiscuitY, for c. The tablets are thought of as the rccord of b. In this passage-thoughnot in Gen 3ul-- divine historicaldecrees, which are fixed and im- bvi's oppositionto circumcisingthe Shechemites lacob as clcrl mutable,just as werethe lawswritten by the hand was basedon his determinationto kill them in b. Jub 32:3 rePreselts The investirurettc ofGod (Ex 2412;32:15f.;Deut 9:9, 11, l5). revenge,but he wantedto do so without resortto rrt. ptitritv guttdns however *venmen (ansels?)wt d. The intercessoryangel served a necessary a subterfugeand withoutinvolving them, i, #J"#i uv judsn when stt€sson the notion of superficially,in the sacredrites of the covenant ;;:;;' ;; ,it 'ix whoexecute function at a time in a morccr: God'stranscendence distanced him from mankind, people. ;:;:'ii';';; is orfered asin thisdocument. Michael fulfills thismediatorial c. Circumcisionis notmentioned in theaccounts ';4'{'ll*;lp:h'.'.ffi role in Dan 10:13,2l; l2:l (cf. lEn 20:5).An of this incidentin Jub 30 or Josephus,Ant l.2l' apparentlyon the ground that it was wrong to kill unnamed"one" intercedesin lEn 89:76 and in sir 45:&i angelof peaceaids the faithful in TDan ciriumcisedpersons. In the Gen 49 accountof ;;;; ;i;;; 1ns1 2$;r-4r; 90:14.The ttion Thevittues lir TAsh6:4; TBenj 6:1; and in lEn 52:5;53:4. Jacob's deathbedPronouncements, Simeon and ii a uriersxetch 6:5; reminiscentof I In lEn 40:8 the rolesof Michael and that of the Levi arecursed; in Deut33, Moses'farcwell bless- uiour-**tntt are but promiselevi the roles of Godis described angelofpeace are linked. Cf. alsoRev l2:7; TMos ings omit Simeon Jn"t"-O"" "f priest and instructor in the Law of God (Deut lhll'rn. "*"t l0:lf. in Ex2t:41-4 vision is ended,but the messageis to be 33:8-l1). *ointing'as e. The 'ii't" robing.the.higt guaded until th€ time appropriatefor its disclosure d. Eblaen is otherwiseunknown. The textual rlt,z' pt**iof variants. is descnbedin (6:2), with which is to be comparedDan 4:25 traditionoffers a wide ralge of i."1indnt*"nt ol -A wineare Melchizedek's GXX). i#"J n iiiis,.i. P' r to'+'lQaPGen 22:14 7 a. Sir 50:25-26declares that the "foolish peo- foodand dr is unknownas .i.ft*ta*'t uringing 6 a. The commonGk. word cspis ple" of Shechemate a non-nation; cf. CD of the co phenomenonwhich suggeststhat "ir"fiui *ittt no elaboration a placename, a 13.23-t4.2. the text as we haveit, includingthe namesof the *talutr," o -,tt.- ttit* of theinvestiture locales, originated in a Gk,-speakingsetting. diade E a. Jacob'svision (Gen 28:10-l?l 35:9; Jub it gi"ingof the priestly- ADr'na, though not distinctively Gk, is also other- reference textual varianis 2?:1F27) is replace&-orsupplemented-in Tlevi }"il"*.? uv-anenigmatic wise unknown. The wide rangeof officeis "g! (Abila, Ameba, Abcma, Abino) and conjecn'ral by l*vi's vision. Jub 3:3-9, however, depicts ofdcetS'rit' Thefirst is the readin$s(AbilEni) show that the difficulty is an t evi asfulfilling the roleof Priestfot his fatherand il;;;;t iecond Priesthood: ancieotone. the clan at Bethel. II-E PATRIARCHS T 79] TESTAMENTSOF THE TWELVE PATRIARCIIS guueme a shieldand J a 2 days' 'And I saw sevenmenb in white .Arise, the sakeof crothing,who were sayingto me, im '.for Dinah, put on the vestmentsof th-epriesthood, 1r .At thattime put the cro"wnof rigtrteoui;is, tr,"iracre or I an understanding,the robe of truth, the bieasplateof faitl, tn" o,it"r'io, tL r and the apron n"uo, for propheticpower.' .Each ianied ;f il;r;;'iuirn"rn trffi;iJf,,"'ff: 4 me and said,'From on l aares intercessiond now on-be a priest,you and""" alr your posterityi-.rne for the 5 anointedme with nrst tr ius I holy oil-andgave me a starr...rne seionoiastreJ'r. awoke"and blessed *rt:t' fed *irt pur - - me by handwith breid and.holy wine, andpur on n," 6.7vestrnenr. .The r,liy *d glorious third Duton m€something made of #;;ft. " s ;;p'f,ojAlff,," fount placed. . . aroundnre a girdle *hi.[;;-iik; purpr"..Th"'fif;h;;;;,. I rhreld.Thus the nameof r'to u or*.t of rich olive wood. .The sixth placeda wreath'on .Tlie a.And I guarded my head. seventhpraced .:r^{blma. the priestlydiadem on me.and filleo my tranos-*rttr E Keubenthat they tell the ,, iircenie,in oroo tluii mgr,t brse | 'ar45 -!rli.yme, .Levj, you. posi.ity filled with zeal fl:be divided fi lfi into:::"1,,:: three,o-rl:., *ld^9"*.:1,ry-iley,said.to u...u u* .rrar ]r stster..And I destroved ,,, gi'tri" ;i,h";Lfi ;ff 1T.#ffi : .The Jt(herscame and destroyed Gen 34:2il '4 secondshall be tT ungry Jub30:r'26 in{Igp+s!!y.rot€.. I andsorrowful, a king ;t=;ffi#r.,uar- l r. will ariseand shall found a newpriEsthood in accord ne passedus by in his 15 .His witntrr" l""tii. ."a"r and for all nations. presencei, tfou"J, u" prophet and he became 16 a of the Most High," a lopSql, descendantof Abraham,our father..to you ani yo,i, p'ort".ity \flrlry, becausethey had *irr-uJ.u"rytr,ing desiredin Israel, and you.shall eat evlrything r rheydid to Dinah.our Ir attractiveto behold, and your posterit! will shareamong themsetves theiorO,s .From Araahamwhen he was a table. amongthem will judges,and scribes,.and by their tr"ro Fpanr, and they grossly .i'rc. .[Rriests, irt" .*.t"* *ili'u"'E"*r,ro., . when I awoke'I understoodthat this *ur .And Inrs ls how theytreated tit tt" first dream. I hid this in .But my heart as well, and I did not report it to any" lftm. the wrathof rrh"rz,re numanUein! o" ih;;;;. I 9 "4,n0 after npo days Judah and I went with our father, Jacob,to Isaac,our z grandfather..And my fathet'r I rrll bringthe rutrt.iulrr.i',n." in accordwith the vision that I Canaanites r hadseen' And he did hdants .For not want.togo with us to Bethel..when we cameto Bethel after you. si.so,zsr. my father,Jacob, cen28:1G22 lbc Senseless,',u saw a visionbcoincerning *. ihut I shouldue in tne becaus" r's He.aroseearly andpaid tithes fiJstnooo. Ee b1 dgfilirg for an to tr,Jr-"iol throughme. .And thuswe came my sister Deut22:21 o to Hebronto settrethere. .And e ro Bethel. Isaackept calringme continuailyto bring ro my z remembrancethe Law of the Lord." jusi as the angel had shown me. .And he taughtme the law of the priesthooo:sacrifices, hoioiausts, l h.d been there s uotunn y orr.rings of seventy thefirst produce, offerinls fg. t* .J"t". :;; by-J"y'r,r*.riir"r,iT, e occupyinghimself with *", me. And he said to me,'..Be on guardagainst the spirit p--rhough ofpromiscuity,for it is constantly not in Gen 34_ activeand inrlugl your descendantsit is about t.--nmcisingthe Shechemites krnination to kill them in :( io do so without reson to b. fub,32J represents Et lnvolving ." Jacobas clorhing Levi il kingship,although !hem,however ue pn-esuygarmenr. it is grantedro Judahrather than I rr-red Theinvestiture herc described totrvi (E: ..new rites of the covenant is performed 14)and is immediarely defined as a by sevenmen (angels?) who are God,s pnesthood. ag€n$, " Thatnew role, whichis saidto follow asarc the six whoexecutejudgment in Ezek lqr nentionedin theaccounts the modelof the gentiles,may alludero rhe ."r is offeredin a more Mac- tE or JosephusAnt f:2,]lr9;c9ne elaborateform cab€anpnest-kings. with their increasingly , | .21- in 4QSirSabb39. Similar references secular EJ rharit was wrong ro rhe seven drschargeof the dual role. to kill g: foundin lEn 20; , r r.heGen 49 Tg:l: 8l:5; 87:2:90,21;li; Havingblended priestly accountof l /-td. rhe basicbiblical .^e. andkingly roles,the tsurc€ments, descriptionofthe oriesrlv ornce.tsassociated with Simeon and Ex that of prophet,and then I ll. Moses'farewell qT-l.,ciu:n.il 28:3-43:Sir a5:&-12ponrays tn:r: judge bless_ Aamn in y1* ot andscribe. Clearty rhe presenr I a brief skerch.The virnreslinked with the rorm Fomise Levi the roles of various.gaments ot the text is confused,or at leasthas under_ ' r arercminiscenr of EpfrO:riii, gone rhe Law of God (Deut where substantialmodification fmm rhetypical dyar- the armor of God is describeduiong ,irii; Iines. ghic ryrym of l*vi as priest and ludiai as fin!. ts-5. unknown. Butcf. Jub3l:14f. The textual anointing,as I :age of variants. , ^c.^The in Ex 2E:4143:29:l_E; ps rrJ:z..thepmcess of robingrhe highpnesr on rhe parallelsthat uay or Atonementis described ?^::.ft.,.jory of Isaac,sblessing in Lev l6:l_j4. Jacoband Esau(Gen 27) Ea.:s rhatthe ..foolish Breadand-wine are Melchizedek's and is given in a mori neo_ offeringin Gen elaborateform in Jub E a non-nation; ll:g-23, whereLevi is cf. CD P.,I eapc_en22:I 4 rererrs irre ,ro.y ($ priest) oIlfilli_"j; Metchlz€dek's l9'1. .t 9lTTd. by Isaac'srighr handand Judah bringingfood and drink ro Abram, Dyhls tefthand (as Dut wtth no kinsl. elaborationof the conciseCenesii b. account. _ In Jub32:1, it is Lvi rarherthan Jacob who r(rn 28:lG-I7; hasthe dream.vision.* Berhel (Gen 2gt. 35:9; Jub ft: of rheinvesriture Thepaying -x iupplemented_in ,- 1: :litq of [rvi aspriesr ot trthesrccalls Abraharn's paymenr Tlevi grving of rhe priestly to Metchlzedei ) -: 3-9, however, ls..the diadem,bur thar is in Genl4:20. deDicts to[owed !y an enigmatic : .-: priesr referenceto a threefold c. Isaac'sinstructions for hisfathei and omce(E:l I). The .,grearer,, . to Levi area brieferver_ firsroffice is thanthe sion of thosegiven others;the by Abraham!o Isaacin Jub secondis the priesthoi; the third is the 2l:l-25.